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64 results on '"Guénola Pérès"'

1. Earthworms do not increase greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) in an ecotron experiment simulating a three-crop rotation system

Author

Oswaldo Forey, Joana Sauze, Clément Piel, Emmanuel S. Gritti, Sébastien Devidal, Abdelaziz Faez, Olivier Ravel, Johanne Nahmani, Laly Rouch, Manuel Blouin, Guénola Pérès, Yvan Capowiez, Jacques Roy, and Alexandru Milcu

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Earthworms are known to stimulate soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the majority of previous studies have used simplified model systems or lacked continuous high-frequency measurements. To address this, we conducted a 2-year study using large lysimeters (5 m2 area and 1.5 m soil depth) in an ecotron facility, continuously measuring ecosystem-level CO2, N2O, and H2O fluxes. We investigated the impact of endogeic and anecic earthworms on GHG emissions and ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) in a simulated agricultural setting. Although we observed transient stimulations of carbon fluxes in the presence of earthworms, cumulative fluxes over the study indicated no significant increase in CO2 emissions. Endogeic earthworms reduced N2O emissions during the wheat culture (− 44.6%), but this effect was not sustained throughout the experiment. No consistent effects on ecosystem evapotranspiration or WUE were found. Our study suggests that earthworms do not significantly contribute to GHG emissions over a two-year period in experimental conditions that mimic an agricultural setting. These findings highlight the need for realistic experiments and continuous GHG measurements.

Published
2023
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2. How does soil biota matter in soil management in Europe? Exploring temporal dynamics and situation dependence in valuation processes

Author

Morgane E. T. Hervé, Michel Renault, Elke Plaas, Rebekka Schuette, Martin Potthoff, Guénola Pérès, Daniel Cluzeau, and Annegret Nicolai

Subjects
pragmatism, soil biota values, soil management practices, agricultural soils, european farmers, focus groups, Agriculture
Abstract

The concept of values has been extensively used as a proxy to investigate relationships between human-beings and their environment. Using a pragmatic epistemology, we investigated valuation processes at stake when farmers choose their management practices, focusing on soil biota valuations. We sought to determine to what extant values are situation-dependent and likely to evolve over time. We used five Focus Groups, in France, Germany, Romania, Spain and Sweden, where farmers described soil management situations and evaluated the outcomes of their practices. Soil management practices were reasoned according to local and current situations and not chosen ‘by principle’. Soils were mentioned in the assessment of practices outcomes rather than as a criterion for practices choices. Values appeared dynamic, influenced by social consensus on good practices and farming objectives. Implementing a new practice might develop knowledge that is further integrated in valuations, thereby reforming the references upon which farmers evaluate their practices. Overall, debating on what matters in agriculture in different regions before defining management measures or soil indicators might be necessary to design a sustainable European policy on soils.

Published
2022
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3. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Helen R. P. Phillips, Elizabeth M. Bach, Marie L. C. Bartz, Joanne M. Bennett, Rémy Beugnon, Maria J. I. Briones, George G. Brown, Olga Ferlian, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Carlos A. Guerra, Birgitta König-Ries, Julia J. Krebs, Alberto Orgiazzi, Kelly S. Ramirez, David J. Russell, Benjamin Schwarz, Diana H. Wall, Ulrich Brose, Thibaud Decaëns, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, Matthias C. Rillig, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, David A. Wardle, Christian Ammer, Sabine Ammer, Miwa Arai, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Geoff H. Baker, Dilmar Baretta, Dietmar Barkusky, Robin Beauséjour, Jose C. Bedano, Klaus Birkhofer, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey, Thomas Bolger, Robert L. Bradley, Michel Brossard, James C. Burtis, Yvan Capowiez, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Amy Choi, Julia Clause, Daniel Cluzeau, Anja Coors, Felicity V. Crotty, Jasmine M. Crumsey, Andrea Dávalos, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Annise M. Dobson, Anahí Domínguez, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling, Liliana B. Falco, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte, Carlos Fragoso, André L. C. Franco, Abegail Fusilero, Anna P. Geraskina, Shaieste Gholami, Grizelle González, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Branimir K. Hackenberger, Davorka K. Hackenberger, Luis M. Hernández, Jeff R. Hirth, Takuo Hishi, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Martin Holmstrup, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache, Ulrich Irmler, Mari Ivask, Juan B. Jesús, Jodi L. Johnson-Maynard, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Radoslava Kanianska, Aidan M. Keith, Maria L. Kernecker, Armand W. Koné, Yahya Kooch, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara, Daniel R. Lammel, Iurii M. Lebedev, Edith Le Cadre, Noa K. Lincoln, Danilo López-Hernández, Scott R. Loss, Raphael Marichal, Radim Matula, Yukio Minamiya, Jan Hendrik Moos, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Hasegawa Motohiro, Bart Muys, Johan Neirynck, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen, Victoria Nuzzo, P. Mujeeb Rahman, Johan Pansu, Shishir Paudel, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Jean-François Ponge, Jörg Prietzel, Irina B. Rapoport, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Salvador Rebollo, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Alexander M. Roth, Guillaume X. Rousseau, Anna Rozen, Ehsan Sayad, Loes van Schaik, Bryant Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Olaf Schmidt, Boris Schröder, Julia Seeber, Maxim P. Shashkov, Jaswinder Singh, Sandy M. Smith, Michael Steinwandter, Katalin Szlavecz, José Antonio Talavera, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto, Sheila Uribe-López, Anne W. de Valença, Iñigo Virto, Adrian A. Wackett, Matthew W. Warren, Emily R. Webster, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Joann K. Whalen, Michael B. Wironen, Volkmar Wolters, Pengfei Wu, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang, Erin K. Cameron, and Nico Eisenhauer

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021
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4. Functional and Taxonomic Diversity of Collembola as Complementary Tools to Assess Land Use Effects on Soils Biodiversity

Author

Sophie Joimel, Christophe Schwartz, Jonathan Bonfanti, Mickaël Hedde, Paul Henning Krogh, Guénola Pérès, Céline Pernin, Alain Rakoto, Sandrine Salmon, Lucia Santorufo, and Jérôme Cortet

Subjects
functional trait, soil survey, urban homogenization, agricultural land use, urban land use, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Collembola have been proposed for several decades as a good model organisms to survey soil biodiversity; but most of the studies focused on taxonomic endpoints. The main objectives of this study are to compare the effects of the different land uses, including urban and industrial land uses, while using both collembolan functional and taxonomic biodiversity approaches. We collected data on 3,056 samples of Collembola communities across 758 sites in various land uses throughout France. The types of land use considered included all types of human activity from forestry to urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas, agricultural grassland, arable land, vineyards and urban vegetable gardens. In order to study functional and taxonomic biodiversity, we used community-weighted means, functional indices, species richness and density. When looking at collembolan functional diversity, urban and industrial soils appear clearly less diversified than when considering the taxonomic diversity. We suspect here a functional homogenization effect commonly reported in the literature for various organisms in urban ecosystems. Our study provides range of values for different taxonomic and functional indices of Collembola communities in a wide land use classification across France.

Published
2021
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5. A dataset for sustainability assessment of agroecological practices in a crop-livestock farming system

Author

Julia Jouan, Matthieu Carof, Rim Baccar, Nathalie Bareille, Suzanne Bastian, Delphine Brogna, Giovanni Burgio, Sébastien Couvreur, Michał Cupiał, Marc Dufrêne, Benjamin Dumont, Philippe Gontier, Anne-Lise Jacquot, Jarosław Kański, Serena Magagnoli, Joanna Makulska, Guénola Pérès, Aude Ridier, Thibault Salou, Fabio Sgolastra, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Sylwester Tabor, Barbara Tombarkiewicz, Andrzej Węglarz, and Olivier Godinot

Subjects
Sustainability indicators, Crop-livestock integration, Systems approach, Transition management, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

This article presents data designed by European researchers who performed a literature review and interpreted the results to determine impact factors of many agroecological practices on a wide variety of sustainability indicators. The impact factors are represented in a matrix that connects practices to indicators. The indicators are related to environmental, economic and social sustainability of a typical European integrated crop-livestock farm. The data are included in the serious game SEGAE to learn agroecology, as described in “SEGAE: a serious game to learn agroecology” [1]. The data can be modified to adapt the game to other agricultural systems. Finally, the data can be re-used in research projects as a basis to assess impacts of agroecological practices.

Published
2021
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6. A Framework to Consider Soil Ecosystem Services in Territorial Planning

Author

Maxime Fossey, Denis Angers, Céline Bustany, Christophe Cudennec, Patrick Durand, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Anne Jaffrezic, Guénola Pérès, Christelle Besse, and Christian Walter

Subjects
agricultural system, process-based approach, land management, territorial planning, decision support information, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

As a critical interface in the environment, soils can provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES). However, while there is growing demand to assess soil ES from agricultural systems, considering them in land management strategies remains a challenge. Indeed, because of the difficulty in relating soil properties to ES, soil ES are still not fully considered in the territorial planning decision process. Through a comprehensive approach based on soil processes, an assessment framework is proposed to make soil ES understandable and usable by actors of territorial planning. This assessment framework is based on a conceptual model that is then developed into an operational framework. The conceptual model, which is supported by a literature review, relates agricultural soil ES to common socio-economic development challenges. The operational framework is based on the development of soil ES modeling and enables comparison of soil management options, which provides information to help choose among planning scenarios. This soil ES assessment framework, relating soil science to territorial governance, should improve integration of soil ES into decision making in a territorial planning context and support sustainable socio-economic development.

Published
2020
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7. Modeling of Soil Functions for Assessing Soil Quality: Soil Biodiversity and Habitat Provisioning

Author

Jeroen P. van Leeuwen, Rachel E. Creamer, Daniel Cluzeau, Marko Debeljak, Fabio Gatti, Christian B. Henriksen, Vladimir Kuzmanovski, Cristina Menta, Guénola Pérès, Calypso Picaud, Nicolas P. A. Saby, Aneta Trajanov, Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin, Giovanna Visioli, and Michiel Rutgers

Subjects
ecosystem service, soil function, soil biodiversity, land management, qualitative modeling, Europe, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning is one of the soil functions that agricultural land provides to society. This paper describes assessment of the soil biodiversity function (SB function) as a proof of concept to be used in a decision support tool for agricultural land management. The SB function is defined as “the multitude of soil organisms and processes, interacting in an ecosystem, providing society with a rich biodiversity source and contributing to a habitat for aboveground organisms.” So far, no single measure provides the full overview of the soil biodiversity and how a soil supports a habitat for a biodiverse ecosystem. We have assembled a set of attributes for a proxy-indicator system, based on four “integrated attributes”: (1) soil nutrient status, (2) soil biological status, (3) soil structure, and (4) soil hydrological status. These attributes provide information to be used in a model for assessing the capacity of a soil to supply the SB function. A multi-criteria decision model was developed which comprises of 34 attributes providing information to quantify the four integrated attributes and subsequently assess the SB function for grassland and for cropland separately. The model predictions (in terms of low—moderate—high soil biodiversity status) were compared with expert judgements for a collection of 137 grassland soils in the Netherlands and 52 French soils, 29 grasslands, and 23 croplands. For both datasets, the results show that the proposed model predictions were statistically significantly correlated with the expert judgements. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the soil nutrient status, defined by attributes such as pH and organic carbon content, was the most important integrated attribute in the assessment of the SB function. Further progress in the assessment of the SB function is needed. This can be achieved by better information regarding land use and farm management. In this way we may make a valuable step in our attempts to optimize the multiple soil functions in agricultural landscapes, and hence the multifaceted role of soils to deliver a bundle of ecosystem services for farmers and citizens, and support land management and policy toward a more sustainable society.

Published
2019
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8. Handbook to establish a large-scale soil biodiversity monitoring: the French experience of the RMQS-Biodiversity

Author

Camille Imbert, Lucia Santorufo, Carole Ortega, Claudy Jolivet, Apolline Auclerc, Nolwenn Bougon, Yvan Capowiez, Bruno Chauvel, Nathalie Cheviron, Daniel Cluzeau, Jérôme Cortet, Mickael Hedde, Antoine Lévêque, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Christian Mougin, Laurent Palka, Guénola Pérès, Lionel Ranjard, Cécile Villenave, Antonio Bispo, Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Muséum d’Orléans pour la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (MOBE), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme BIOCHEM-ENV, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Elisol Environnement, and EGU

Subjects
[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract

One quarter of the living beings are located beneath our feet but we know very little of them (FAO, 2020). This statement will perhaps quickly change because the soils are now on the political agenda. For France, soil is mentioned in the Green Pact at European level (Montanarella, 2020) and in the country government's Biodiversity Plan. The law on soil health is also planned for 2023 (Köninger et al., 2022). However, as its biological component remains poorly understood, the indicators used by stakeholders give only a biased view of soil quality (Lehmann et al., 2020). It is therefore urgent to catch up on the knowledge of soil biodiversity in order to establish benchmarks for bioindicators, based on standardised data.In parallel, the French Biodiversity Office working on the linkages between all French terrestrial biodiversity monitorings, pointed out the absence of soil biodiversity monitoring in France.Rather than creating de novo a soil biodiversity monitoring, it was preferred to add biodiversity surveys to the already existing French Soil Quality Monitoring Network (RMQS), hereafter called the RMQS-Biodiversity. The RMQS covers a big part of the French territory (the continental part as the over seas) since 2000. Every year, 180 study sites are sampled. Thus, all the sites are sampled in 10-12 years (Jolivet et al., 2018). The RMQS provides data about all physical and chemical aspects of soils. Regarding the soil biological component, microorganisms and enzymatic activities are also surveyed. By the past, soil fauna was studied on around 100 sites but the experience was not maintained (Imbert et al., 2021). Moreover, a major strength of the RMQS is the network of involved people included the 12 field teams, the coordination team, the funders and data users (researchers and stakeholders).To implement the biological measurements, we gathered a group of experts on soil biodiversity. As meetings go by, five protocols were defined to assess the most exhaustively possible the soil biodiversity taxa and three functions (soil macroporosity, enzymatic activities and organic matter degradation). Then, the protocols were tested in real conditions on 30 RMQS study sites with the field teams. The duration of each protocol was quoted to clearly assess the costs.We concluded that the biodiversity sampling of 180 RMQS study sites per year, would cost around 1 000 000 euros. We propose five scenarios giving compromises between financial costs and data quality.If the RMQS-Biodiversity is maintained, it would make possible: 1) to advance on the still too partial knowledge of soil biodiversity and its interactions with agricultural practices and 2) based on the knowledge acquired, to develop bioindicators and their benchmarks, in order to accurately assess soil quality, in the context of Soil Health (Lehmann et al., 2020). A complete soil monitoring, including its three components (physical, chemical and now biological), would thus provide a relevant tool to policy- makers to reach reconciling human activities and soil integrity.

Published
2023

9. Importance of harmonized data in soil macrofauna monitoring in Europe- Soil management a key indicator

Author

Sharjeel Ashfaq, Guénola Pérès, Rajasekaran Murugan, and Johann Zaller

Abstract

Soil macrofauna plays a crucial role in ecosystem services and stability. They perform diverse set of ecosystem services that contribution to soil health, plant, and human wellbeing. However, little is known about the diversity, abundance, and distribution of soil macrofauna in Europe. Furthermore, the extent to which soil management practices impact these soil microorganisms in agroecosystems across pedoclimatic conditions is not well understood. Investigating of underlying ecological relationships is hampered by the lack of harmonized, interactive, and continental-scale data in agroecosystems. To assess the role of soil macrofauna in agricultural soils, appropriate functional indicators with their patterns and biomass are needed. The project MINOTAUR (Modelling and mapping soil biodiversity patterns and functions across Europe) under the EJP SOIL program aims to address the lack of harmonized and central databases for soil macrofauna and their driving factors in agricultural soils across Europe. Soil macrofauna’s diversity and biomass are being identified and collected from various data platforms, databases, EU projects and considers grey data sources in different countries. Standardized metadata templates have developed for collected data in reference to location, management practices and condition of agricultural soils. The database in agricultural systems will be compared (arable vs perennial) with associated soil functions and properties. Data will be harmonized with closely interaction with project partners (e.g., EUdaphobase, European Soil Observatory, JRC databases) to make an interactive inventory of European soil macrofauna indicating driving factors (climatic and soil and management variables) for long term-use and to identify knowledge gaps on soil macrofauna research. Sharing of integrated harmonized data by MINOTAUR project and through standardized database will allow researchers to investigate and respond to a wide range of topics, such as simultaneously evaluating soil macrofauna diversity distributions and causes of diversity change. Finally, such a comprehensive database will support policy makers in their efforts to halt a further loss of soil biodiversity across Europe and will allow them to make policies regarding soil health issues by using the harmonized data.

Published
2023

10. Two distinct ecological behaviours within anecic earthworm species in temperate climates

Author

Kevin Hoeffner, Kevin R. Butt, Cécile Monard, Joana Frazão, Guénola Pérès, Daniel Cluzeau, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Soil organic matter, Insect Science, Soil Science, Burrow, Feeding guild, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbiology, Growth Plant-derived material
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

11. The RMQS-Biodiversity as a project of large-scale soil biodiversity monitoring in France

Author

Camille Imbert, Lucia Santorufo, Carole Ortega, Claudy Jolivet, Appoline Auclerc, Nolwenn Bougon, Yvan Capowiez, Nathalie Cheviron, Daniel Cluzeau, Jérôme Cortet, Gaëlle Deronzier, Mickael Hedde, Antoine Lévêque, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Laurent Palka, Guénola Pérès, Lionel Ranjard, Benoît Vanhée, Cécile Villenave, Stanislas Wroza, Antonio Bispo, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Naples, Université de Lorraine (UL), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme BIOCHEM-ENV, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Elisol Environnement, and Mougin, Christian

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

12. Marine macroalgae as food for earthworms: growth and selection experiments across ecotypes

Author

Guénola Pérès, Camille Méline, Kevin R. Butt, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
C150, Fucus serratus, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Soil biology, C110, 010501 environmental sciences, Choice chamber, 01 natural sciences, Macroalgae, Birch leaves, Earthworm and Soil Pollution, Horse manure, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Horses, Oligochaeta, Agroecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecotype, Laminaria, C161, biology, Earthworm, Laminaria digitata, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Lumbricus rubellus, biology.organism_classification, Seaweed, Pollution, Manure, Europe, Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Fucus, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, C180
Abstract

Historically, subsistence farmers around the Atlantic coast of NW Europe utilized marine algae as a fertilizer in agroecosystems, a practice that continued in small areas and is now considered to have real potential for re-establishing sustainable food production systems on marginal soils. Earthworms form a significant component of soil fauna, and their ecosystem services are well-documented. Therefore, palatability of marine organic amendments to faunal detritivores of terrestrial systems is of interest. This work aimed to assess the potential for growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa fed with two common macroalgae (seaweeds), Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. In addition, choice chambers were constructed to permit earthworm selection of these macroalgae with more conventional organic materials, horse manure (HM) and birch leaves (BL). Over a period of 2 months, earthworm species showed significantly greater mass gain with conventional food (p Laminaria outperformed Fucus, which in turn was superior to soil alone. Similarly, when given a choice, a significant preference (p A. caliginosa when offered seaweeds only. By contrast, L. rubellus and A. longa showed significant preferences (p Laminaria over Fucus and fresh material over degraded. These results underline an interest to profit from natural resources (seaweeds) to maintain or improve soil biological quality in marginal coastal areas.

Published
2020

14. A soil biodiversity survey coupled with the national soil quality monitoring network?

Author

Camille Imbert, Lucia Santorufo, Carole Ortega, Claudy Jolivet, Apolline Auclerc, Nolwenn Bougon, Yvan Capowiez, Nathalie Cheviron, Daniel Cluzeau, Jérôme Cortet, Gaëlle Deronzier, Mickaël Hedde, Antoine Lévêque, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Laurent Palka, Guénola Pérès, Lionel Ranjard, Benoît Vanhée, Cécile Villenave, Stanislas Wroza, Antonio Bispo, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Naples, Muséum d’Orléans pour la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (MOBE), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Elisol Environnement, French Biodiversity Office (OFB), FAO, and HELIES, Florence

Subjects
soil taxons, Large-scale survey, practices, biodiversity distribution, soil physical-chemical characteristics, soil functions, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract

International audience; Despite its importance for human activities, soil biodiversity remains largely unknown and threatened. Aware of the need for large-scale monitoring, we studied the feasibility to add a soil biodiversity survey (RMBS-Biodiversity) to the already existing French soil quality monitoring network (RMQS). We worked with soil biodiversity experts to couple RMBS-Biodiversity with RMQS i.e. to choose soil taxons and functions, the methodologies and the sampling design. According to the experts, the sampling design of RMQS fits with a soil biodiversitysurvey. We propose sampling protocols for i) bacteria and fungi, ii) protists, iii) nematodes, iv) mesofauna (particularly springtails), v) below-ground macrofauna (earthworms), vi) surface macrofauna (beetles and spiders), and considering functions, vii) soil porosity, viii) enzymatic activity and ix) organic matter degradation. The RMBSBiodiversity data would be used to assess the distribution and monitor the changes in soil biodiversity at the scale of the French territory. In addition, coupling data providing from RMBS with data from RMQSBiodiversity,allows deciphering links between biodiversity, physical-chemical characteristics of the soil and human activities (practices, heavy metal loading, and pesticide residues for instance).

Published
2021

15. Effect of Miscanthus × giganteus ash on survival, biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa

Author

Christopher Nathan Lowe, Safya Menasseri-Aubry, Jane Darcy Byers-Woods, Thierry Jacquet, Claire Brami, Guénola Pérès, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Phytorestore, Phytorestore - Site et Concept, and University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Miscanthus giganteus, Oligochaeta, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Reproduction, Phosphorus, Earthworm, General Medicine, Miscanthus, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Substrate (marine biology), Incineration, Energy crop, 010602 entomology, chemistry, Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

To achieve the EU’s targets for reducing energy production from fossil fuels, the use of energy crops, such as Miscanthus × giganteus, is increasing resulting in a corresponding increase in waste ash from incineration. The chemical properties of Miscanthus ash (e.g. phosphorus and potassium content) may allow this waste material (currently landfilled) to be used as a fertiliser, but no information exists on the effect of the ash on the biological properties of soil. The main aim of this study was to determine the potential impact of Miscanthus ash on earthworms by assessing the effect on survival, change in biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the geophagous, soil dwelling earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa. Tests utilised a range of Miscanthus ash doses from 0 to 50 t ha−1 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50). Results showed that Miscanthus ash had no significant impact on A. caliginosa survival, biomass and reproduction, but negative trends were observed for biomass from 2.5 t ha−1 and for reproduction from 10 t ha−1. In contrast, a significant avoidance response was observed in the 25 and 50 t ha−1 treatment and according to ISO guideline 17512 there is a negative impact of the Miscanthus ash on soil habitat function at 25 t ha−1 and above as more than 80% of earthworms were in the control soil. It is suggested that this negative effect on soil habitat function could be attributed to a range of factors including the presence of heavy metals in the ash and a change in substrate pH, texture and/or osmotic stress. Further laboratory-based studies conducted over extended time periods with a more refined range of ash doses and associated field-based studies are required to validate the results and determine a more precise assessment of the threshold ash value inducing a loss of soil habitat function.

Published
2021

16. Legacy effects of temporary grassland in annual crop rotation on soil ecosystem services

Author

Marc Roucaute, Abad Chabbi, Marie-Laure Decau, Stefan Scheu, Jörg Hanisch, Sylvain Busnot, Tania Runge, Tomas Roslin, Ilka Engell, Ulfert Graefe, Vincent Hallaire, Martin Potthoff, Tanel Vahter, Luis F. Arias-Giraldo, Gema Guzmán, Anneke Beylich, Mignon Sandor, Daniel Cluzeau, Maarja Öpik, Kevin Hoeffner, Safya Menasseri, Guénola Pérès, Rüdiger M. Schmelz, Blanca B. Landa, Dumitrita Dascalu, Siim-Kaarel Sepp, Annegret Nicolai, Elke Plaas, Deborah Linsler, Martin Banse, Stefan Schrader, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH (IFAB), Institute for Applied Soil Biology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Tartu, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange)., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (Romania)

Subjects
Yield, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil biology, Forage, 010501 environmental sciences, Aggregate stability, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Grassland, Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Soil suppressiveness, Ecosystem services, Soil management, Soil, Ascomycota, Environmental Chemistry, Soil biota, natural sciences, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, food and beverages, Agriculture, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Pollution, Crop Production, 6. Clean water, Soil structure, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

The introduction of temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation is recognized to improve soil ecosystem services, and resulting legacies can be beneficial for the following crops. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate legacy effects of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation on five ecosystem services (i) soil structure maintenance (aggregate stability), (ii) water regulation (saturated hydraulic conductivity), (iii) biodiversity conservation (microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity, as well as microorganism, enchytraeid, springtail and earthworm communities), (iv) pathogen regulation (soil suppressiveness to Verticillium dahliae), and (v) forage production and quality. Three crop rotation schemes, maintained for twelve years, were compared in four random blocks, one being an annual crop rotation without grassland (0%), another with a medium percentage of grassland (50%, corresponding to 3 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation), and a third one with a high percentage of grassland in the crop rotation (75%, corresponding to 6 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation). The results showed that the grassland introduction into an annual crop rotation improved, whatever the duration of the grassland, soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation, while it decreased pathogen regulation and did not modify water regulation. Comparing the two crop rotations that included grassland, indicated a stronger beneficial grassland legacy effect for the higher proportion of grassland concerning soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation. By contrast, water regulation, pathogen regulation and forage production were not affected by the legacy of the 75% grassland during the rotation. Overall, our findings demonstrated the extent to which grassland legacies are affecting the current state of soil properties and possible ecosystem services provided. To improve ecosystem services, soil management should take legacy effects into account and consider longer timeframes to apply beneficial practices., This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). We would like to thank the National Research Infrastructure “Agro-écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimique et Biodiversité” (ACBB) http://www.soere-acbb for providing access to an excellent field experiment and the “the AnaEE France (ANR-11-INBS-0001)”, “AllEnvi” and “CNRS-INSU” which support it. We thank Météo France for meteorological data.

Published
2021

17. How does soil biota matter in soil management in Europe? Exploring temporal dynamics and situation dependence in valuation processes

Author

Guénola Pérès, Michel Renault, Morgane E. T. Hervé, Daniel Cluzeau, Martin Potthoff, Rebekka Schuette, Elke Plaas, Annegret Nicolai, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research, French National Research Agency, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, 01LC1620, Estonian Research Council, French Environment and Energy Management Agency, University of Rennes 1, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Economics and Econometrics, Process (engineering), Soil biology, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, soil biota values, soil management practices, European farmers, Proxy (statistics), Pragmatism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Focus Groups, Valuation (logic), Geography, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, agricultural soils, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; The concept of values has been extensively used as a proxy to investigate relationships between human-beings and their environment. Using a pragmatic epistemology, we investigated valuation processes at stake when farmers choose their management practices, focusing on soil biota valuations. We sought to determine to what extant values are situation-dependent and likely to evolve over time. We used five Focus Groups, in France, Germany, Romania, Spain and Sweden, where farmers described soil management situations and evaluated the outcomes of their practices. Soil management practices were reasoned according to local and current situations and not chosen 'by principle'. Soils were mentioned in the assessment of practices outcomes rather than as a criterion for practices choices. Values appeared dynamic, influenced by social consensus on good practices and farming objectives. Implementing a new practice might develop knowledge that is further integrated in valuations, thereby reforming the references upon which farmers evaluate their practices. Overall, debating on what matters in agriculture in different regions before defining management measures or soil indicators might be necessary to design a sustainable European policy on soils.

Published
2021

18. SEGAE: An online serious game to learn agroecology

Author

J. Kański, Aude Ridier, Marc Dufrêne, Guénola Pérès, Matthieu Carof, Sébastien Couvreur, Philippe Gontier, Suzanne Bastian, Rim Baccar, Fabio Sgolastra, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Benjamin Dumont, Delphine Brogna, Olivier Godinot, Sylwester Tabor, Julia Jouan, Serena Magagnoli, Anne Lise Jacquot, Joanna Makulska, A. Weglarz, Giovanni Burgio, Thibault Salou, Nathalie Bareille, Michał Cupiał, Barbara Tombarkiewicz, Jouan J., Carof M., Baccar R., Bareille N., Bastian S., Brogna D., Burgio G., Couvreur S., Cupial M., Dufrene M., Dumont B., Gontier P., Jacquot A.-L., Kanski J., Magagnoli S., Makulska J., Peres G., Ridier A., Salou T., Sgolastra F., Szelag-Sikora A., Tabor S., Tombarkiewicz B., Weglarz A., Godinot O., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Légumineuses, Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agroécologie (LEVA), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Distal, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW KRAKOW POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), DISTAL, Università di Bologna, Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Knowledge management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Transition management (governance), Agroecological practice, Agroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Agroecological practices, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Organic certification, Systems approach, Crop-livestock integration, Sustainability, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Organic farming, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Transition management, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Diversity (business)
Abstract

CONTEXT There is growing evidence that agroecology can reconcile the environmental, economic, and social pillars of agricultural sustainability. However, teaching and learning agroecology is challenging, especially since most agricultural graduate programs in Europe are not adapted to teach the diversity of its related practices. OBJECTIVE To improve agroecology learning, we built the online simulation game SEGAE. This article illustrates the game's relevance for learning agroecology. METHODS The game is based on a modeling framework that gamifies the implementation of agroecological practices in an integrated crop-livestock farm and assesses their impacts on sustainability. To do so, SEGAE is based on an output-oriented approach that represents impacts of practices on various indicators. These impacts are included in a matrix, which is associated with a dynamic graphical interface accessible to players. Two examples of game sessions were developed to illustrate the game's potential. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the first example, players can gain knowledge about agroecological practices by implementing practices that improve soil quality and assessing their impacts on sustainability. Results of this example place the farm's improved overall sustainability into perspective with its reduced food production potential. In the second example, players can improve their skills in transition management and acquire a systems approach by converting the farm to organic farming within five years. Results of this example prompt discussion of the steps needed to obtain organic certification and the coherence between crop and animal production needed to foster sustainability. SIGNIFICANCE SEGAE was designed to strengthen European training in agroecology, and active contributions from users would help to improve this tool, extend it to new farming systems and forge connections within the community of teachers working on agroecology.

Published
2021

19. Effects of temporary grassland introduction into annual crop rotations and nitrogen fertilisation on earthworm communities and forage production

Author

Daniel Cluzeau, François Gastal, Kevin Hoeffner, Guénola Pérès, Hoël Hotte, Xavier Charrier, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), EU SoilMan project through the 2015-2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals [01LC1620], Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), French National Research Agency (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS) Swedish Research Council Formas, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI)Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI), Estonian Research Council (ETAG), AnaEE France [ANR-11-INBS-0001], AllEnvi, CNRS-INSU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil Science, Context (language use), Forage, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Abundance (ecology), Ecological category, Grassland management, Mineral fertilisation, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Soil biodiversity, Agronomy, Agriculture, Grassland duration, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Earthworms contribute to a wide range of ecosystem services in agriculture. Most studies focusing on impacts of annual crop management on earthworm communities are related to soil tillage, fertilisation or pesticides, while the effect of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation remains largely unknown. In this context, the aims of the present study were to evaluate effects of (i) introducing grassland into a crop rotation, (ii) grassland duration and (iii) grassland fertilisation on earthworm communities and grassland forage production in a long-term experimental station in western France. Three years of highly fertilised (230 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of mineral nitrogen) grassland preceded by three years of annual crop rotation was compared to an annual crop rotation without grassland and to six years of grassland either lightly (30 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of mineral nitrogen) or highly (230 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of mineral nitrogen) fertilised. Grassland introduction into a crop rotation significantly increased earthworm abundance, biomass, and diversity, especially for anecic species, and improved the functional structure of the earthworm community. Grassland duration and fertilisation increased earthworm abundance and biomass, especially for anecics, without affecting endogeic species and earthworm diversity. Grassland duration did not increase forage production, but the increase in fertilisation did. Three years of highly fertilised grassland significantly increased earthworm abundance and biomass, improved the functional structure of the earthworm community and produced as much forage per year as six years of highly fertilised grassland. Overall, the introduction of grassland into annual crop rotations appears an effective way to rapidly increase earthworm community parameters and, given the important role of earthworms in soils, enhance soil functioning.

Published
2021

20. Multi-parameter assessment of soil quality under Miscanthus x giganteus crop at marginal sites in Île-de-France

Author

Thierry Jacquet, Guénola Pérès, Claire Brami, Christopher Nathan Lowe, Safya Menasseri, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Phytorestore, and Phytorestore - Site et Concept

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, biology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Soil texture, F410, 020209 energy, Soil biology, Soil organic matter, Biomass, Forestry, Soil classification, 02 engineering and technology, Miscanthus, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Soil quality, Agronomy, Soil pH, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, Waste Management and Disposal, Agronomy and Crop Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In the context of increasing biomass cultivation for energy production in Europe, the objective of this study was to carry out a multi-parameter assessment of soil quality under Miscanthus x giganteus crop at marginal sites. Chemical (pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N, metal trace elements), biological (microbial biomass, earthworm communities) and physical (aggregate stability, bulk density) soil properties were evaluated 5 years after planting Miscanthus on a polluted (CH) and unpolluted (MG) marginal sites and compared with adjacent undisturbed meadow areas and Miscanthus crop cultivated on an arable field (BF). The effect of Miscanthus on soil quality was site dependent and related to soil properties (texture), metal trace element (MTE) contamination and previous land use. At MG, where Miscanthus was cultivated on a previously undisturbed meadow, results suggested a negative effect of Miscanthus on soil biological properties with a lower earthworm abundance and biomass, and a worst functional and species structure in the Miscanthus than in the undisturbed meadow, despite a good yield. Results under Miscanthus at BF were similar in terms of soil quality to Miscanthus at MG and higher than under Miscanthus at the polluted site (CH). At CH, results suggested that Miscanthus may reduce the mobility of MTE, however further longer term studies, at a range of sites are needed to conclude about the impact of Miscanthus on soil quality at contaminated and/or uncontaminated sites.

Published
2020

21. Learning interdisciplinarity and systems approaches in agroecology: experience with the serious game SEGAE

Author

Joanna Makulska, Fabio Sgolastra, Delphine Brogna, Kevin Maréchal, Michał Cupiał, Mireille De Graeuwe, Suzanne Bastian, Rim Baccar, Serena Magagnoli, Benjamin Dumont, Sébastien Couvreur, Olivier Godinot, Anne Lise Jacquot, Matthieu Carof, Aude Ridier, Giovanni Burgio, Thibault Salou, Nathalie Bareille, Barbara Tombarkiewicz, Guénola Pérès, Julia Jouan, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche TERRA [Gembloux], Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège-Université de Liège, UR LEVA (SFR 4207 QUASAV) - Groupe ESA - Département Agronomie & Écologie, PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Distal, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Unité de Recherche sur les Systèmes d'Elevage (URSE), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), University of Agriculture in Krakow, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Jouan J., De Graeuwe M., Carof M., Baccar R., Bareille N., Bastian S., Brogna D., Burgio G., Couvreur S., Cupial M., Dumont B., Jacquot A.-L., Magagnoli S., Makulska J., Marechal K., Peres G., Ridier A., Salou T., Tombarkiewicz B., Sgolastra F., and Godinot O.

Subjects
agroecology, Geography, Planning and Development, Social sustainability, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, TJ807-830, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Interactivity, interdisciplinarity, Systems thinking, GE1-350, Sociology, serious game, Agroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 4. Education, systems thinking, Collaborative learning, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Knowledge survey, Computer game, Environmental sciences, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Engineering ethics, farming system
Abstract

Agroecology represents a pertinent option to improve the sustainability of agriculture. To promote its application, agroecological concepts should be taught to students and professionals in the agricultural sector. However, most agricultural courses are not adapted to teach these concepts due to little interactivity or interdisciplinarity, and a lack of a systems approach to farm management. Serious games help to fill these gaps by simulating complex models in which players can learn by doing. We thus developed a serious computer game, called SEGAE (SErious Game for AgroEcology learning), which represents a mixed crop&ndash, livestock farm and assesses impacts of farming practices on indicators related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Its pedagogical interest was evaluated through two types of surveys given to university students who played the game during a one-week workshop: A knowledge survey on agroecology, and a feedback survey based on flow theory. Results showed that students increased their knowledge of agroecology significantly, particularly those who had had little knowledge of crop production. More than 86% of the students enjoyed the game, appreciating its interaction and feedback. Thus, SEGAE is an interesting tool to help students acquire knowledge of agroecology in a fun way by facilitating interdisciplinary and collaborative learning.

Published
2020

22. A Framework to Consider Soil Ecosystem Services in Territorial Planning

Author

Christophe Cudennec, Patrick Durand, Christelle Besse, Anne Jaffrézic, Guénola Pérès, Maxime Fossey, Denis A. Angers, Christian Walter, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Céline Bustany, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, agricultural system, Land management, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, USable, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Soil management, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental resource management, land management, 15. Life on land, process-based approach, decision support information, territorial planning, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Soil water, Conceptual model, business
Abstract

As a critical interface in the environment, soils can provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES). However, while there is growing demand to assess soil ES from agricultural systems, considering them in land management strategies remains a challenge. Indeed, because of the difficulty in relating soil properties to ES, soil ES are still not fully considered in the territorial planning decision process. Through a comprehensive approach based on soil processes, an assessment framework is proposed to make soil ES understandable and usable by actors of territorial planning. This assessment framework is based on a conceptual model that is then developed into an operational framework. The conceptual model, which is supported by a literature review, relates agricultural soil ES to common socio-economic development challenges. The operational framework is based on the development of soil ES modelling and enables comparison of soil management options, which provides information to help choose among planning scenarios. This soil ES assessment framework, relating soil science to territorial governance, should improve integration of soil ES into decision making in a territorial planning context and support sustainable socio-economic development.

Published
2020

23. Effects of agricultural soil management practices on soil microbiota across Europe – investigations in seven long term field experiments

Author

Thierry Morvan, Astrid Taylor, Martin Potthoff, Deborah Linsler, Blanca B. Landa, Kaisa Torppa, Mignon Sandor, Tanel Vahter, Luis F. Arias, Maarja Öpik, Gema Guzmán, Guénola Pérès, Dumitria Dascalu, Manuel Anguita-Maeso, and José A. Gómez

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Soil management, Agroforestry, Agriculture, business.industry, Environmental science, 15. Life on land, business, Field (geography), Term (time)
Abstract

Traditionally, soil quality has been assessed through physical, chemical and biological properties without paying attention to soil biota and the different associated ecosystem services provided (Tyler, 2019). To fill that gap, the european BiodivERsA “SoilMan” project (Ecosystem services driven by the diversity of soil biota – understanding and management in agriculture) is focused on the relations among soil management, soil biodiversity, and ecosystem services, at seven different management gradients in agricultural long term observations (LTO’s) trials across Europe (France “SOERE-PROs EFELE” and “SOERE-ACBB Lusigan”, Romania “Turda”, Sweden “Angermanland” and “Säby-Uppland”, Germany “Garte Süd” and Spain “La Hampa”). Management gradients covered different tillage regimes (zero, minimum and conventional) and different crop rotations (crop types and duration).In the present study, we characterised the bacterial and fungal communities of soils from the different countries and agricultural managements in arable land. The samplings were carried out following the same methodology in all the countries during 2017-2018 when wheat was sown in the LTO’s. The soil DNA was extracted and subjected to metabarcoding analysis of 16S and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) for bacterial and fungal community analysis, respectively.Different alpha diversity metrics, including number of OTUs, Simpsons and Shannon indexes, as well as beta diversity distances (weighted and unweighted UNIFRAC, Jaccard and Bray-Curtis) were calculated. Multidimensional Scaling ordination plots (PCoA) were used to visualize the existence of community gradients among locations and soil managements. All the statistical data procedure was analysed using the vegan R package (Oksanen, 2011).In general terms, results show that alpha diversity for both bacteria and fungi, clearly differs among countries while soil management effects are less defined among and within countries. Concerning the beta diversity indexes, communities tend to cluster more according to the spatial location than due to the soil management regimen. This is especially true for fungal communities. Further analysis will identify possible correlations of bacterial and fungal communities with environmental variables and other physicochemical and biological soil properties.References:Oksanen, J. (2011). Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Communities in R: vegan tutorial.Tyler, H. L. (2019). Bacterial community composition under long-term reduced tillage and no till management. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126(6), 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14267

Published
2020

24. Indicators of earthworm bioturbation to improve visual assessment of soil structure

Author

Vincent Hallaire, Guénola Pérès, Denis Piron, Djilali Heddadj, Hubert Boizard, Daniel Cluzeau, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Bretagne, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), French National Research Agency (ANR Agrobiosphere) through the SOFIA (Soil Functional diversity as an Indicator of sustainable management of Agrosystem) research project [ANR-11-AGRO-0004], ANR-11-AGRO-0004,SOFIA,Agrosystèmes et biodiversité fonctionnelle des Sols(2011), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Soil biology, Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, cast production, Minimum tillage, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, Conventional tillage, soil profile description, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, Tillage, Soil structure, soil visual examination, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, burrows, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, earthworm bioturbation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, soil structure, Agronomy and Crop Science, Bioturbation
Abstract

Conference Date : MAY 26-29, 2014 Conference Location : Maringa, BRAZIL International Atomic Energy Agency International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions; International audience; Earthworm bioturbation, a biological process that strongly influences soil structure dynamics, is attracting more interest with the development of no-tillage farming. However, while methods for Visual Soil Structure Assessment (VSSA) are of great use to agronomists working to improve crop management and preserve soil structure, few methods have indicators that consider earthworm biostructures. One reason is that VSSA methods were initially created for conventional tillage systems, where tillage and compaction are the main drivers of soil structure over time, while bioturbation is a secondary driver. However, bioturbation is now recognised as an important process for soil functioning under no-tillage and reduced tillage systems. Among biostructures, the presence of burrows is one frequently-used indicator, but casts are rarely studied in the field, except in the "Soil-Structure Patterns" method (SSP), which provides a typology of soil structure that includes earthworm features. However the SSP typology appears complex (11 patterns), and implementing the method is time consuming. To improve VSSA methods, we identified patterns to define new indicators of earthworm bioturbation. We first assessed whether the patterns identified were useful for highlighting the real impact of bioturbation on the distribution of soil structures and the impact of tillage on earthworm activity. We then applied the pattern descriptions to the "profil cultural" method, which provides a detailed assessment of soil structure in the soil profile. This study was performed at two experimental sites in France experiencing different types of soil impacts (i.e. tillage, compaction). Identifying patterns in soil morphological units helped us to define four types of bioturbation: (1) type 0: no visible bioturbation; (2) type 1: presence of burrows; (3) type 2: presence of a few fresh cast aggregates; and (4) type 3: high presence of casts in different welded states. This new typology seemed relevant and complementary to typical indicators. When applied to the "profil cultural" method, these bioturbation indicators can improve the assessment of the soil structure usually provided by VSSA methods and provide more accurate information to agronomists and farmers about soil functioning, including biological activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

25. A dataset for sustainability assessment of agroecological practices in a crop-livestock farming system

Author

Guénola Pérès, Rim Baccar, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Benjamin Dumont, Olivier Godinot, Fabio Sgolastra, Julia Jouan, Serena Magagnoli, Matthieu Carof, Marc Dufrêne, Delphine Brogna, Michał Cupiał, Sébastien Couvreur, Anne Lise Jacquot, Suzanne Bastian, Barbara Tombarkiewicz, Philippe Gontier, J. Kański, Aude Ridier, Sylwester Tabor, Giovanni Burgio, Thibault Salou, Joanna Makulska, Nathalie Bareille, A. Weglarz, Jouan J., Carof M., Baccar R., Bareille N., Bastian S., Brogna D., Burgio G., Couvreur S., Cupial M., Dufrene M., Dumont B., Gontier P., Jacquot A.-L., Kanski J., Magagnoli S., Makulska J., Peres G., Ridier A., Salou T., Sgolastra F., Szelag-Sikora A., Tabor S., Tombarkiewicz B., Weglarz A., Godinot O., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, University of Bologna, UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE IN KRAKOW KRAKOW POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agricultural University of Krakow, European Commission through the Erasmus + program - 2017-1-FR01-KA203-037254, and French Chair of Agroecology

Subjects
Science (General), Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Social sustainability, R858-859.7, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Serious game, Crop livestock, Transition management (governance), Q1-390, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sustainability indicators, Environmental planning, Agroecology, Data Article, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, 15. Life on land, Variety (cybernetics), Systems approach, Crop-livestock integration, Geography, Sustainability indicator, Agriculture, Sustainability, Transition management, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; This article presents data designed by European researchers who performed a literature review and interpreted the results to determine impact factors of many agroecological practices on a wide variety of sustainability indicators. The impact factors are represented in a matrix that connects practices to indicators. The indicators are related to environmental, economic and social sustainability of a typical European integrated crop-livestock farm. The data are included in the serious game SEGAE to learn agroecology, as described in “SEGAE: a serious game to learn agroecology” [1]. The data can be modified to adapt the game to other agricultural systems. Finally, the data can be re-used in research projects as a basis to assess impacts of agroecological practices.

Published
2021

26. Comparison of two widely used sampling methods in assessing earthworm community responses to agricultural intensification

Author

Daniel Cluzeau, Guénola Pérès, Mirjam M. Pulleman, Walter S. Andriuzzi, Department of Biology, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, This work was supported by the EU SNOWMAN program through project SN03–14, 'Soil Functional Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, a Transdisciplinary Approach (SUSTAIN)'., Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biology, Soil Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil fauna, Abundance (ecology), Body size distribution, biology.animal, Lumbricidae, data integration, Bodembiologie, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Ecological group, Ecology, biology, Land use, Earthworm, Sampling (statistics), Soil Biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Agricultural intensification, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Data integration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; To assess whether different sampling protocols provide similar results on earthworm community responses to land use, comparisons across different environments are required. Using an ongoing experiment in France, we assessed whether two protocols, widely used in international projects and global databases, provide similar estimates of earthworm abundance, and detect the same community responses to agricultural intensification. Method A consisted of hand-sorting composite samples of three soil monoliths 35×35×20cm each, and applying formalin in the resulting holes. Method B consisted of applying formalin over a 1m2 contiguous area and subsequently hand-sorting a 25×25×25cm soil monolith within it. Higher abundance was obtained from Method A than from Method B, but the two methods led to the same ecological conclusions. Firstly, they both showed that earthworm biomass and density decreased with agricultural intensification. Secondly, they showed similar land use effects on earthworm ecological group proportions, age structure, and body size distribution, pointing to a relative loss of large-bodied earthworms with agricultural intensification. These findings suggest that data from the two methods are both suitable to investigate the community response of earthworms, whereas assessments of earthworm abundance per se are more sensitive to the sampling protocol. Merits and drawbacks of the methods in terms of time and labour needed and of statistical variation are discussed.

Published
2017

27. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).

Published
2019

28. Modeling of Soil Functions for Assessing Soil Quality: Soil Biodiversity and Habitat Provisioning

Author

Vladimir Kuzmanovski, Fabio Gatti, Giovanna Visioli, Nicolas Saby, Cristina Menta, Jeroen P. van Leeuwen, Christian Bugge Henriksen, Rachel Creamer, Daniel Cluzeau, Michiel Rutgers, Calypso Picaud, Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin, Aneta Trajanov, Guénola Pérès, Marko Debeljak, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability [Parma], Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), InfoSol (InfoSol), UniLaSalle, Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), The RMQS-BioDiv project (N◦ 0775C0035) was part of the Bioindicator projects funded by ADEME (Agence de l’environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie)., European Project: 635201,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,LANDMARK(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Observatoire du Développement Rural (US-ODR), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], and Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, soil biodiversity, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, 01 natural sciences, habitat provisioning, Ecosystem services, Soil functions, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental resource management, land management, Soil classification, Soil Biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Soil quality, ecosystem service, Europe, Soil structure, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, soil function, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil fertility, qualitative modeling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

Soil biodiversity and habitat provisioning is one of the soil functions that agricultural land provides to society. This paper describes assessment of the soil biodiversity function (SB function) as a proof of concept to be used in a decision support tool for agricultural land management. The SB function is defined as ‘the multitude of soil organisms and processes, interacting in an ecosystem, providing society with a rich biodiversity source and contributing to a habitat for aboveground organisms.’ So far, no single measure provides the full overview of the soil biodiversity and how a soil supports a habitat for a biodiverse ecosystem. We have assembled a set of attributes for a proxy-indicator system, based on four ‘integrated attributes’: 1) soil nutrient status, 2) soil biological status, 3) soil structure, and 4) soil hydrological status. These attributes provide information to be used in a model for assessing the capacity of a soil to supply the SB function. A multi-criteria decision model was developed which comprises of 34 attributes providing information to quantify the four integrated attributes and subsequently assess the SB function for grassland and for cropland separately. The model predictions (in terms of low – moderate – high soil biodiversity status) were compared with expert judgements for a collection of 137 grassland soils in the Netherlands and 52 French soils, 29 grasslands and 23 croplands. For both datasets, the results show that the proposed decision model predictions were statistically significantly correlated with the expert judgements. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the soil nutrient status, defined by attributes such as pH and organic carbon content, was the most important integrated attribute in the assessment of the SB function. Further progress in the assessment of the SB function is needed. This can be achieved by better information regarding land use and farm management. In this way we may make a valuable step in our attempts to optimize the multiple soil functions in agricultural landscapes, and hence the multifaceted role of soils to deliver a bundle of ecosystem services for farmers and citizens, and support land management and policy towards a more sustainable society.

Published
2019

29. INSPIRATION Final Conference Report - Deliverable 1.3

Author

Bartke, Stephan, Masson, Josiane, Hagemann, Nina, Meulen, Suzanne Van Der, Nathanail, Paul, Feix, Isabelle, Goidts, Esther, Ohlsson, Yvonne, Marloie, Marcel, Berggren-Kleja, Dan, Norrman, Jenny, Guérin, Valérie, Guénola Pérès, Maring, Linda, Busse, Lilian, Olazabal, Claudia, Molenaar, Co, Gatchett, Annette M., Cleen, Margot De, Geissen, Violette, Boissezon, Birgit De, Vancutsem, Didier, Creamer, Rachel, Brils, Jos, Bartkowski, Bartosz, Yeroyanni, Maria, Bakker, Gerben, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Visser, Saskia, and Grimski, Detlef

Published
2018
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30. Mechanisms linking plant community properties to soil aggregate stability in an experimental grassland plant diversity gradient

Author

Stefan Scheu, Holger Bessler, Alexandra Weigelt, Gerd Gleixner, Wolfgang W. Weisser, D. Cluzeau, Nico Eisenhauer, Jean-François Soussana, Guénola Pérès, S. Menasseri, Christof Engels, Maike Habekost, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Humboldt University Of Berlin, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Special Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut of Zoology, Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], French ANR DISCOVER project [ANR-05-BDIV-010-01], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 456], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [Ei 862/1, Ei 862/2], ANR-05-BDIV-0010,DISCOVER,Diversité biologique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Interpréter et évaluer des expériences clés en prairie grâce à la modélisation mécaniste(2005), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), George August University Goettingen, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, Soil Science, Plant Science, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Soil ecology, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter, Root biomass, food and beverages, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Grassland, Agronomy, Earthworm biomass, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil fertility, Soil microorganisms, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Background and aims Soil aggregate stability depends on plant community properties, such as functional group composition, diversity and biomass production. However, little is known about the relative importance of these drivers and the role of soil organisms in mediating plant community effects. Methods We studied soil aggregate stability in an experimental grassland plant diversity gradient and considered several explanatory variables to mechanistically explain effects of plant diversity and plant functional group composition. Three soil aggregate stability measures (slaking, mechanical breakdown and microcracking) were considered in path analyses. Results Soil aggregate stability increased significantly from monocultures to plant species mixtures and in the presence of grasses, while it decreased in the presence of legumes, though effects differed somewhat between soil aggregate stability measures. Using path analysis plant community effects could be explained by variations in root biomass, soil microbial biomass, soil organic carbon concentrations (all positive relationships), and earthworm biomass (negative relationship with mechanical breakdown). Conclusions The present study identified important drivers of plant community effects on soil aggregate stability. The effects of root biomass, soil microbial biomass, and soil organic carbon concentrations were largely consistent across plant diversity levels suggesting that the mechanisms identified are of general relevance.

Published
2013

31. A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services

Author

Jérôme E. Tondoh, Geoff H. Baker, L. Dendooven, Guénola Pérès, Lijbert Brussaard, E.A. Delgado, Daniel Cluzeau, Manuel Blouin, Jun Dai, Mark E. Hodson, Jean-Jacques Brun, and Kevin R. Butt

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Soil health, Ecosystem health, Land use, business.industry, Ecology, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, Land management, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem services, Geography, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil ecology, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Summary Biodiversity is responsible for the provision of many ecosystem services; human well-being is based on these services, and consequently on biodiversity. In soil, earthworms represent the largest component of the animal biomass and are commonly termed ‘ecosystem engineers’. This review considers the contribution of earthworms to ecosystem services through pedogenesis, development of soil structure, water regulation, nutrient cycling, primary production, climate regulation, pollution remediation and cultural services. Although there has been much research into the role of earthworms in soil ecology, this review demonstrates substantial gaps in our knowledge related in particular to difficulties in identifying the effects of species, land use and climate. The review aims to assist people involved in all aspects of land management, including conservation, agriculture, mining or other industries, to obtain a broad knowledge of earthworms and ecosystem services.

Published
2013

32. Urban and industrial land uses have a higher soil biological quality than expected from physicochemical quality

Author

Mickaël Hedde, Guénola Pérès, Jérôme Cortet, Sayuri Kiyota, Sophie Joimel, Alan Vergnes, Paul Henning Krogh, Johanne Nahmani, Christophe Schwartz, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), These different programs were supported by the French National Agency of Research (ANR) (JASSUR research project, ANR-12-VBDU-0011), by 'Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche' and 'Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie' (ACTA programme), by the 'Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement' (Pnetox programme), by the EU-funded project,ECOGEN QLK5-CT-2002-01666 (www.ecogen.dk), by the 'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie' (BIOINDICATEUR 2,BIOTECHNOSOL) and by ANDRA.We would also like to thank the GISFI (www.gisfi.fr) for their financial and technical support with studies ofSUITMA., ANR-12-VBDU-0011,JASSUR,JArdins ASSociatifs URbains et villes durables : pratiques, fonctions et risques(2012), European Project: QLK5-CT-2002-01666,ECOGEN, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
COLLEMBOLAN COMMUNITIES, INDICATORS, Environmental Engineering, IMPACT, Garden soils, Soil biology, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, BIOINDICATORS, Anthropisation, Soil, Soil functions, Agricultural land, Industrial and urban soils, Agricultural soils, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Forest soils, Cities, Milieux et Changements globaux, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, Waste Management and Disposal, Arthropods, METAL CONTAMINATION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Land use, Ecology, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Soil quality, Collembola, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Soil fertility, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MICROARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Despite their importance both in soil functioning and as soil indicators, the response of microarthropods to various land uses is still unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of land use on microarthropod diversity and determine whether a soil's biological quality follows the same physicochemical quality-based gradient from forest, agriculture-grassland, agriculture-arable land, vineyards, urban vegetable gardens to urban, industrial, traffic, mining and military areas. A database compiling the characteristics of 758 communities has been established. We calculated Collembola community indices including: species richness, Pielou's evenness index, collembolan life forms, the abundance of Collembola and of Acari, the Acari/Collembola abundance ratio, and the Collembolan ecomorphological index. Results show that agricultural land use was the most harmful for soil microarthropod biodiversity, whilst urban and industrial land uses give the same level of soil biological quality as forests do. Furthermore, differences between the proportions of Acari and ecomorphological groups were observed between land uses. This study, defining soil microarthropod diversity baselines for current land uses, should therefore help in managing and preserving soil microarthropod biodiversity, especially by supporting the preservation of soil quality. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

33. Selecting cost effective and policy-relevant biological indicators for European monitoring of soil biodiversity and ecosystem function

Author

S.E. Hannula, Jack H. Faber, Anders Johansen, Bryan S. Griffiths, Christian Mulder, Dorothy Stone, Bruce C. Thomson, Robert I. Griffiths, Thomas Bolger, Adam Scheffczyk, Niels Bohse Hendriksen, Jaap Bloem, José Paulo Sousa, Guénola Pérès, Rachel Creamer, Mark J. Bailey, Anne Winding, Rüdiger M. Schmelz, Aidan M. Keith, Olaf Schmidt, P. Martins da Silva, David Bru, Carla Pereira, Michiel Rutgers, Jörg Römbke, Filipe Carvalho, Pierre Plassart, Sara Mendes, Daniel Cluzeau, Richard D. Bardgett, Marjetka Suhadolc, Michael Bonkowski, Tara Dirilgen, F. T. de Vries, Abad Chabbi, Romeu Francisco, Stefan Geisen, Laurent Philippot, Paula V. Morais, Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Soil and Environmental Science, University of Ljubljana, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Institut zoologique, Université de Cologne, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Teagasc Food Research Center Ashtown, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), This research was supported by the European Commission within the project EcoFINDERS (Ecological Function and Biodiversity Indicators in European Soils, FP7-264465, http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/projects/ecofinders/), The Scottish Government Rural and Environment, Science and Analytical Services Division, The Portuguese 'Liga para a Proteção da Natureza – LPN'. The Hainich sites were selected in collaboration with the priority programme 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories of the German Research Foundation (DFG)., European Project: 264465,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ECOFINDERS(2011), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Microbial Ecology (ME), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)

Subjects
Evolution, Soil biodiversity, Cost effectiveness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Land management, Biodiversity, Logical sieve, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Ecosystem services, Soil fauna, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Bodembiologie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Milieubeleid, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Soil Biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Climatic zone, Soil microbiology, Decision Sciences (all), 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Environmental Policy, Biology and Microbiology, Agriculture and Soil Science, international, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Dierecologie, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Ecology, Arable land, business, Zoology
Abstract

Soils provide many ecosystem services that are ultimately dependent on the local diversity and below ground abundance of organisms. Soil biodiversity is affected negatively by many threats and there is a perceived policy requirement for the effective biological monitoring of soils at the European level. The aim of this study was to evaluate and recommend policy relevant, cost-effective soil biological indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem function across Europe. A total of 18 potential indicators were selected using a logical-sieve based approach. This paper considers the use of indicators from the 'top down' (i.e. concerned with the process of indicator selection), rather than from the 'bottom up' detail of how individual indicators perform at specific sites and with specific treatments. The indicators assessed a range of microbial, faunal and functional attributes, newer nucleic acids based techniques, morphological approaches and process based measurements. They were tested at 6 European experimental sites already in operation and chosen according to land-use, climatic zone and differences in land management intensity. These were 4 arable sites, one each in Atlantic, Continental, Mediterranean and Pannonian climate zones, and 2 grassland sites, one each in Atlantic and Continental zones. At each site we sampled three replicated plots of contrasting management intensity and, while the treatments varied from site to site, their disturbance effects were quantified in terms of land use intensity. The field sampling and laboratory analysis were standardised through a combination of ISO protocols, or standard operating procedures if the former were not available. Sites were sampled twice, in autumn 2012 and spring or autumn 2013, with relative costs of the different indicators being determined each time. A breakdown of the cost effectiveness of the indicators showed the expected trade-off between effort required in the field and effort required in the laboratory. All the indicators were able to differentiate between the sites but, as no single indicator was sensitive to all the differences in land use intensity, we suggest that an indicator programme should be based upon a suite of different indicators. For monitoring under the European climatic zones and land uses of this study, indicators for ecosystem functions related to the services of water regulation, C-sequestration and nutrient provision would include a minimum suite of: earthworms; functional genes; and bait lamina. For effective monitoring of biodiversity all taxonomic groups would need to be addressed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

34. Mapping earthworm communities in Europe

Author

Christian Mulder, Michiel Rutgers, J.J. Bogte, Muriel Guernion, Ivan Kos, Briand Boag, Olaf Schmidt, Raúl Piñeiro, Maria J. I. Briones, Marjetka Suhadolc, Paul-Henning Krogh, Aidan M. Keith, Daniel Cluzeau, A.J. Schouten, J. Paulo Sousa, Rod P. Blackshaw, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Roy Neilson, Stephan Jänsch, Guénola Pérès, Harm J. van Wijnen, Dick de Zwart, Archie K. Murchie, Jack H. Faber, Alberto Orgiazzi, Ciro Gardi, Jörg Römbke, Javier Rodeiro, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], ECT, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), The James Hutton Institute, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Agri Food and Biosciences Institute, Blackshaw Research & Consultancy, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Center for Soil and Environmental Science, University of Ljubljana, Soil Fauna and Ecotoxicology Research Unit , Department of Terrestrial Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Alterra Wageningen University & Research Centre (ALTERRA), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), RIVM projects QESAP (S/607022) and BEO (M/607406), European Project: 264465,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ECOFINDERS(2011), University of Parma, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biodiversity, Invertebrados, Soil Science, soil biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Digital Soil Mapping, Soil atlas, Earthworm community, Soil map, biology, Land use, Ecology, Digital Soil Mapping Earthworm community EcoFINDERS Soil Atlas Soil biodiversity, Earthworm, Species diversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, Soil Atlas, 15. Life on land, EcoFINDERS, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), biology.organism_classification, Geography, Digital soil mapping, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Spatial ecology, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Existing data sets on earthworm communities in Europe were collected, harmonized, modelled and depicted on a soil biodiversity map of Europe. Digital Soil Mapping was applied using multiple regressions relating relatively low density earthworm community data to soil characteristics, land use, vegetation and climate factors (covariables) with a greater spatial resolution. Statistically significant relationships were used to build habitat-response models for constructing earthworm maps with abundance, species richness, and diversity data. While a good number of environmental predictors were significant in our multiple regressions, geographical factors alone seem to be less relevant than climatic factors. Despite differing sampling protocols, land use and geological history were the most relevant factors determining the demography and diversity of the earthworms across Europe. Case studies from country-specific data sets (France, Germany, Ireland and The Netherlands) demonstrated the importance and efficiency of large databases for the detection of large spatial patterns that could be subsequently applied at smaller (local) scales. After the first set of maps, additional datasets were used to improve the regressions and maps and to extent the area depicting earthworm predictions (e.g. Portugal, Italy, England, Finland, Austria and some countries from Eastern Europe). The improved maps will be submitted for publication in the Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas.

Published
2016

35. Soil biodiversity, biological indicators and soil ecosystem services-an overview of European approaches

Author

Mirjam M. Pulleman, Johannes Helder, Rachel Creamer, Guénola Pérès, Céline Pelosi, Michiel Rutgers, Ute Hamer, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Johnstown Castle, Environment Research Centre, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
agroecosystems, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, microbial communities, earthworms, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, diversity, Soil management, Soil functions, framework, Soil retrogression and degradation, Validation, organic-matter, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Soil health, Land use, business.industry, Ecology, EPS-2, carbon, Environmental resource management, General Social Sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil Biology, 15. Life on land, RESILIENCE, PE&RC, 13. Climate action, quality, Biological soil parameters, Soil biological indicators, nematodes, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Laboratory of Nematology, business, Integrated data sets, agricultural systems
Abstract

peer-reviewed Soil biota are essential for many soil processes and functions, yet there is an increasing pressure on soil biodiversity and soil degradation remains a pertinent issue. Therefore, the sustainable management of soils requires soil monitoring, including biological indicators able to relate land use and management to soil functioning and ecosystem services. Since the 1990’s, biological soil parameters have been assessed in an increasing number of field trials and monitoring programmes across Europe. The development and effective use of meaningful and widely applicable bio-indicators however, continues to be a challenging tasks. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge in relation to soil biodiversity characterization and assessment. Examples of European monitoring approaches and soil biodiversity indicators are presented, and the value of soil biodiversity databases for developing a better understanding of the relations between soil management and ecosystem functions and services is discussed. We conclude that integration of monitoring approaches and data sets, together with state-of-the art ecological expertise, offers good opportunities for advancing ecological theory as well as application of such knowledge by decision makers.

Published
2012

36. Burrowing and casting activities of three endogeic earthworm species affected by organic matter location

Author

Vincent Hallaire, Guénola Pérès, Cédric Wolf, Alexis Le Couteulx, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors thank Hoël Hotte (UMR Ecobio, Rennes) for his help in sampling earthworms and Alexandre Wotowiec for his help in studying microcosms., AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Allolobophora icterica, Soil biology, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil structure, Behaviour, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allolobophora chlorotica, Ecology, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Burrow, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microcosm, Bioturbation
Abstract

Earthworms are crucial for production and maintenance of soil structure and their activities can strongly impact soil functioning ( e.g. water regulation, nutrient dynamics). This laboratory study investigated the bioturbation activity of three endogeic species, Allolobophora chlorotica , Allolobophora icterica and Aporrectodea caliginosa , as affected by different locations of organic matter (OM) in the soil profile: OM scattered on the soil surface (surface-OM) or homogeneously mixed into the soil (mixed-OM). Microcosms, each containing a combination of one species (three individuals) and one OM location, were subjected to controlled environmental conditions (temperature, humidity and day/night cycle) for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, microcosms were cut into multiple horizontal cross-sections every centimetre and bioturbation activities were analyzed based on the number of burrows, the burrowed area and the percentage of burrowed area totally refilled with casts. Results showed that regardless of species, there was significantly fewer burrows and a greater percentage of burrowed area refilled with casts under mixed-OM than under surface-OM. A. chlorotica and A. caliginosa had a significantly greater burrowed area under mixed-OM than under surface-OM. Regardless of OM location, as depth increased, burrow number and area decreased for A. chlorotica and generally increased for A. icterica . In contrast, burrowing activity of A. caliginosa was affected by OM location as depth increased: under mixed-OM, burrow number decreased but burrowed area remained constant, whereas under surface-OM, burrow number remained constant and burrowed area increased. These results improve understanding of effects of endogeic species on soil structure and highlight effects of OM location on earthworm bioturbation. Especially this study gives information about the burrowing activity of A. icterica which has so far been little documented, and also informs about refilled burrows which is a major parameter for soil functioning.

Published
2015

37. Gaseous Emissions from Composting Bark/Manure Mixtures

Author

Guénola Pérès, Philippe Morand, Sandrine Baron, Paul Robin, Hiéronymus Yulipriyanto, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
compost, CLIMATIC CHANGE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, NITROUS OXIDE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, nitrogen, METHANE, CARBON DIOXIDE, gaz à effet de serre, phosphorus, Waste Management and Disposal, Heap (data structure), azote, changement climatique, 0303 health sciences, protoxyde d'azote, Ecology, Waste management, CARBON-NITROGEN RATIO, Natural ventilation, Pulp and paper industry, POULTRY MANURE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, AIR FLOW, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, fumier de volaille, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Soil Science, 03 medical and health sciences, dioxyde de carbone, greenhouse gases, température, Effluent, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, global change, NOx, carbonic anhydride, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, AMMONIA, 030306 microbiology, carbon, COMPOSTING, émission, C content, Manure, phosphore, Computer Science::Sound, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, carbone, Global-warming potential
Abstract

About 25 m3 of a poplar bark-poultry dung mixture were composted in a covered place with natural ventilation, air entering the lower part and going out through four shafts in the upper part. The gaseous emissions were measured and analyzed. The first heap (initial C/N of 28) was monitored for one month, then turned and more dung added. The second heap (initial C/N of 8) was monitored for seven months with two intermediate turnings. For the whole experiment, N losses were estimated at 61-74% of initial N, of which 62% was lost as NH3 (38-46% of initial N) and 1% as N2O (0.6-0.7% of initial N). N-NOx losses were 1000 times lower than N-N3 H3 losses. N2O and NOx were found only at the end of the periods before the piles were turned. As for carbon, C-CO2 emissions were estimated at 45-55% of initial C content, the ratio of CH4 to CO2 in the effluent air was 1 to 100 on average, with significant variations. The global warming potential of CH and N O was estimated at respectively 25% and 50% of total CO2 emissi...

Published
2005

38. Changes of pore morphology, infiltration and earthworm community in a loamy soil under different agricultural managements

Author

Pierre Curmi, Mathieu Lamandé, Daniel Cluzeau, Guénola Pérès, and Vincent Hallaire

Subjects
Topsoil, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Soil test, biology, Earthworm, biology.organism_classification, Pasture, Infiltration (hydrology), Soil structure, Agronomy, Loam, Environmental science, Infiltrometer, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Earthworm activity produces changes at different scales of soil porosity, including the mesoporosity (between 1.000 and 30 μm eq. dia.) where both water retention and near-saturated infiltration take place. At this scale, the structural changes are poorly described in temperate agricultural systems, so we do not yet fully understand how these changes occur. The present study was conducted to determine the relationships between the morphology of the mesopores, which is mainly affected by earthworm activity, and the hydrodynamic behaviour (near-saturated infiltration) of topsoil under different agricultural managements inducing a large range of earthworm populations. Investigations were carried out at the soil surface in three fields under different management practices giving rise to three different earthworm populations: a continuous maize field where pig slurry was applied, a rye-grass/maize rotation (3/1 year, respectively) also with pig slurry, and an old pasture sown with white clover and rye-grass. Pore space was quantified using a morphological approach and 2D image analysis. Undisturbed soil samples were impregnated with polyester resin containing fluorescent pigment. The images were taken under UV light, yielding a spatial resolution of 42 μm pixel−1. Pores were classified according to their size (which is a function of their area) and their shape. Hydraulic conductivity K(h) was measured using a disc infiltrometer at four water potentials: −0.05, −0.2, −0.6, and −1.5 kPa. The abundance and ecological categories groups of earthworms were also investigated. Continuous soil tillage causes a decrease in both abundance and functional diversity (cf. maize compared with old pasture) when soil tillage every 4 years causes only a decrease in abundance (cf. rotation compared with old pasture). There were no relationships between total porosity and effective porosity at h=−0.05 kPa. Image analysis was useful in distinguishing the functional difference between the three managements. Fewer roots and anecic earthworms resulted in fewer effective tubular voids under maize. There were fewer packing voids in the old pasture due to cattle trampling. Greater hydraulic conductivity in the pasture phase of rotation may arise from a greater functional diversity than in the maize and absence of cattle trampling compared with the pasture. We point to some significant differences between the three types of agricultural management. A better understanding is required of the influence of agricultural management systems on pore morphology. This study provides a new methodology in which we consider the earthworm activity as well as community in order to assess the effects of agricultural management on soil structure and water movement.

Published
2003

39. Highlights on progress in forest soil biology

Author

Aurélie Cébron, Antonio Bispo, Guénola Pérès, Marc Buée, Mickaël Hedde, Jérôme Cortet, Michel Vennetier, Cécile Villenave, Thibaud Decaëns, Stéphane Uroz, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), UR251 Physico chime et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'Agrosystèmes Contaminé, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Soil biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Context (language use), complex mixtures, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, MICROFAUNE, Resilience (network), Function (engineering), Organism, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, SOL DE FORET, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Ecology, BIODIVERSITE, Environmental resource management, Forestry, BIODIVERSITÉ, 15. Life on land, SCIENCES DU SOL, MESOFAUNE, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, business, BIOLOGIE DES SOLS
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; National audience; Determining the identity and function of forest soil organisms is essential to understand their relative roles, but also to determine their resilience after environmental perturbations. These characteristics are scientific challenges because of the high biological diversity of forest soil organisms, but also because many of them currently remain unknown. In this context, this review presents a snapshot of the difficulty associated with soil organism characterization, the uniqueness of forest soils and methodological and conceptual developments of the last decade. This review also presents the progress in political consideration of soil biology and highlights recent projects related to soil biology and ecosystem services.; Appréhender le cortège d'organismes des sols forestiers est essentiel, que ce soit pour recenser ces communautés, comprendre leur rôle, ou déterminer leur comportement face à des perturbations. Cette caractérisation se révèle être un réel défi scientifique du fait de la diversité de ces organismes et du nombre important d'espèces encore inconnues. Dans ce contexte, cet article présente un aperçu des contraintes liées à leur étude, les singularités des sols forestiers et les développements méthodologiques et conceptuels ayant eu lieu ces dix dernières années. Il aborde les avancées dans la prise en considération de la biologie au niveau politique qui s'est traduite par une augmentation des appels d'offres dans le domaine des sols, de leur biologie et des services écosystémiques rendus

Published
2014

40. Measuring basal soil respiration across Europe: Do incubation temperature and incubation period matter?

Author

Guénola Pérès, G. Lo Papa, Michiel Rutgers, A. Gal, José Paulo Sousa, Paul Henning Krogh, Anne Winding, Rogier P.O. Schulte, Philip J. Murray, B. Foerster, Rachel Creamer, Dorothy Stone, Johnstown Castle, Environment Research Centre, Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Szent Istvan University, Soil Fauna and Ecotoxicology Research Unit , Department of Terrestrial Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, dipartimento dei Sistemi Agro-Ambientali, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Rothamsted Research, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Instituto do Ambiente e Vida, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], NERI, European Project: 32773,ENVASSO, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Creamer, RE, Schulte, RPO, Stone, D, Gal, A, Krogh, PH, Lo Papa, G, Murray, PJ, Pérès, G, Foerster, B, Rutgers, M, Sousa, JP, and Winding, A

Subjects
Monitoring, Soil biology, Settore AGR/13 - Chimica Agraria, General Decision Sciences, Basal respiration, Monitoring, Standardisation, Pre-incubation temperatures and experimental incubation temperatures, Soil, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Incubation period, Soil respiration, Soil, Animal science, Botany, Respiration, Basal respiration, Pre-incubation temperatures and experimental incubation temperatures, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil quality, Basal (medicine), Settore AGR/14 - Pedologia, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Standardisation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Respiration rate
Abstract

The European Commission recognises the essential role of soil biology in soil functioning and delivery of ecosystem services, but information is currently lacking evaluate of how these vary across soil and land-use types at a European scale. This study evaluated the measurement of the initial rate of soil basal respiration (BR) as a potential biological indicator of ecosystem service provision. The purpose of this study was to test ISO 16072:2002 (Soil Quality: Laboratory methods for the determining of microbial soil respiration). In the literature a range of pre-incubation temperatures (pre-inc) and experimental incubation temperatures (exp-inc) have been applied when using the ISO method for the establishment of basal respiration. This study evaluated whether the range of temperatures applied during pre- and exp- incubation had a significant effect on the rate of respiration determined when following the protocol established in ISO 16072:2002. The evaluation was carried out on a pedo-climatic gradient spanning ten countries across Europe and covering four biogeographical regions. Three sites were sampled in each country providing a range of soil and land-use parameters. Our results suggest that experimental incubation temperatures of 20 ◦C or above should be used in the application of the methodology ISO 16072:2002 (incubation at 15 ◦C resulted in erratic variation between replicates). However, pre-incubation temperature did not affect the soil basal respiration rate, when following the standard recommendations. The time interval with the best prediction of the initial rate of basal respiration was 6 h. ENVironmental ASsessment of Soil for mOnitoring(ENVASSO) Project, funded as Scientific Support to Policy (SSP) under the European Commission 6th Framework Programme (Con-tract 022713, 2006–8).

Published
2014

41. Highlights on progress in forest soil biology

Author

Guénola Pérès, Michel Vennetier, Cécile Villenave, Stéphane Uroz, Thibaud Decaëns, Mickaël Hedde, Jérôme Cortet, Antonio Bispo, Aurélie Cébron, Marc Buée, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Forestry, BIODIVERSITÉ, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, 021105 building & construction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIOLOGIE DES SOLS
Abstract

National audience; Determining the identity and function of forest soil organisms is essential to understand their relative roles, but also to determine their resilience after environmental perturbations. These characteristics are scientific challenges because of the high biological diversity of forest soil organisms, but also because many of them currently remain unknown. In this context, this review presents a snapshot of the difficulty associated with soil organism characterization, the uniqueness of forest soils and methodological and conceptual developments of the last decade. This review also presents the progress in political consideration of soil biology and highlights recent projects related to soil biology and ecosystem services.; Appréhender le cortège d'organismes des sols forestiers est essentiel, que ce soit pour recenser ces communautés, comprendre leur rôle, ou déterminer leur comportement face à des perturbations. Cette caractérisation se révèle être un réel défi scientifique du fait de la diversité de ces organismes et du nombre important d'espèces encore inconnues. Dans ce contexte, cet article présente un aperçu des contraintes liées à leur étude, les singularités des sols forestiers et les développements méthodologiques et conceptuels ayant eu lieu ces dix dernières années. Il aborde les avancées dans la prise en considération de la biologie au niveau politique qui s'est traduite par une augmentation des appels d'offres dans le domaine des sols, de leur biologie et des services écosystémiques rendus

Published
2014

42. Soils Suppressing Biodiversity

Author

Guénola Pérès

Subjects
Land use, Soil biodiversity, Agriculture, business.industry, Agroforestry, Biodiversity, Ecosystem management, Organic farming, Environmental science, Soil ecology, business, Ecosystem services
Abstract

Soil biodiversity has been shown essential to provide ecosystem services for plant growth that have large economic value. However a number of ecosystem management practices and the effects of pollutants can decrease soil biodiversity and, hence, reduce its role in sustaining plant growth. This chapter briefly explores the diversity of soil organisms and the effects of pollutants on this diversity and concentrates on the management of agricultural ecosystems that minimize our impacts on soil diversity and function. Specific examples have been selected from viticulture, organic row crop agriculture, grassland farming and agroforestry. It is concluded that we need to understand more the role of biodiversity in soils and how we affect it with our agricultural practices and foresee a need for broader education in and awareness of soil ecology to improve management decisions in agriculture and land use management.

Published
2014

43. The impact of agricultural practices on soil biota: a regional study

Author

Antonio Bispo, Jean-François Ponge, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Daniel Cluzeau, Céline Pernin, Jérôme Cortet, Rémi Chaussod, Muriel Guernion, Nuria Ruiz-Camacho, Cécile Villenave, Guénola Pérès, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), 'Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie' (ADEME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés ( MAOAC ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 ( OSUR ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, ADEME ( DVTD - SFUSP ), and Ministère de l'écologie de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil quality index, Nematodes, Soil biology, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbial biomass, Soil Science, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Earthworms, Organic matter, Biotic index, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Soil organic matter, Microarthropods, Agricultural intensity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Humus, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, Macrofauna, Epigeal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; A gradient of agricultural intensification (from permanent meadows to permanent crops, with rotation crops and meadows as intermediary steps) was studied in the course of the RMQS-Biodiv program, covering a regular grid of 109 sites spread over the whole area of French Brittany. Soil biota (earthworms, other macrofauna, microarthropods, nematodes, microorganisms) were sampled according to a standardized procedure, together with visual assessment of a Humus Index. We hypothesized that soil animal and microbial communities were increasingly disturbed along this gradient, resulting in decreasing species richness and decreasing abundance of most sensitive species groups. We also hypothesized that the application of organic matter could compensate for the negative effects of agricultural intensity by increasing the abundance of fauna relying directly on soil organic matter for their food requirements, i.e. saprophagous invertebrates. We show that studied animal and microbial groups, with the exception of epigeic springtails, are negatively affected by the intensity of agriculture, meadows and crops in rotation exhibiting features similar to their permanent counterparts. The latter result was interpreted as a rapid adaptation of soil biotic communities to periodic changes in land use provided the agricultural landscape remains stable. The application of pig and chicken slurry, of current practice in the study region, alone or in complement to mineral fertilization, proves to be favorable to saprophagous macrofauna and bacterivorous nematodes. A composite biotic index is proposed to synthesize our results, based on a selection of animals groups which responded the most to agricultural intensification or organic matter application: anecic earthworms, endogeic earthworms, macrofauna other than earthworms (macroarthropods and mollusks), saprophagous macrofauna other than earthworms (macroarthropods and mollusks), epigeic springtails, phytoparasitic nematodes, bacterivorous nematodes and microbial biomass. This composite index allowed scoring land uses and agricultural practices on the base of simple morphological traits of soil animals without identification at species level.

Published
2013

44. Earthworm activity and soil structure changes due to organic enrichments in vineyard systems

Author

Daniel Cluzeau, Vincent Hallaire, Guénola Pérès, Pierre Curmi, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
vignoble, lombricien, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil biology, structure du sol, Soil Science, cultural soil types, vineyard, analyse d'image, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Vineyard, Soil management, sol de culture, invertébré, Organic matter, earthworm, organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, biology, Ecology, Earthworm, morphologie du sol, VER DE TERRE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, biology.organism_classification, Soil structure, Agronomy, chemistry, matière organique, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species evenness, soil structure, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The effect of organic enrichment on earthworm activity and soil structure was studied in two French vineyards, by comparing control and test plots. In each vineyard the organic matter quantitatively increased the abundance and biomass of the earthworm community. These increases were associated with a higher level of species diversity and a higher evenness corresponding to the development of endogeic community. These earthworm community changes were associated with an increase in granular bioturbated areas and in macroporosity in the top soil layer. The micromorphological approach incorporated an original process of image analysis which appeared to be an appropriate method for characterizing pore morphology in this study. The pores when characterized by their size and shape could be related to ecological groups and growth stages of earthworms.

Published
1998

45. Assessing the in situ bioavailability of trace elements to snails using accumulation kinetics

Author

Frédéric Gimbert, Nadia Crini, Michael Coeurdassier, Guénola Pérès, Francis Douay, Olivier Faure, Antoine Richard, Benjamin Pauget, Cécile Grand, Annette de Vaufleury, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département GéoSciences et Environnement (GSE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), ADEME, Bioindicateurs 2, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels ( SPIN-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Département GéoSciences et Environnement ( GSE-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-SPIN, Environnement Ville Société ( EVS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon ( ENSAL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols ( LAS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), ADEME ( DVTD - SFUSP ), Ministère de l'écologie de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire-Ministère de l'écologie de l'Energie, du Développement durable et de l'Aménagement du territoire, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, General Decision Sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cantareus aspersus, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Chemical extract, Cation-exchange capacity, Assimilation flux, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Arsenic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Cadmium, Ecology, Chemistry, Assimilation (biology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Bioavailability, Kinetics, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Metal bioavailability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil parameters, Metalloid, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract

The bioavailability of trace elements in soils is conditioned by both physico-chemical and biological parameters. In this study, the accumulation kinetics of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) were determined for 3 industrially impacted sites to assess the bioavailability of these contaminants to the garden snail (Cantareus aspersus). Mono and multivariate regressions allowed the identification of cation exchange capacity (CEC), silts and organic carbon content as the soil parameters modulating the in situ bioavailability of Cd and Pb. For all elements, the total concentrations in the soils were not good predictor (not significant correlation) of the bioavailability to snails. The Cd, As and Sb assimilation fluxes were correlated with the calcium chloride (CaCl2) extract concentrations, but this correlation was not observed with Pb. The total soil concentration coupled with soil properties best explained the variation in Pb assimilation, whereas their influences on Cd bioavailability were lower, signifying that other parameters such as contamination sources may modulate Cd bioavailability. Here, the As and Sb in situ accumulation kinetics are described for the first time and highlighted a slight bioavailability to snails at the studied sites. The absence of a correlation between the As or Sb assimilation fluxes and total metals in the soil coupled with the absence of influence of soil properties on their bioavailability may result from the speciation of these metalloids, which are known to modulate their mobility in soils. This study highlights the need to consider both physico-chemical and biological aspects of metal and metalloid bioavailability to assess the risk of metal transfer from soil to organisms.

Published
2013

46. Nematodes for Soil Quality Monitoring: Results from the RMQS BioDiv Programme

Author

Johannes Tavoillot, Daniel Cluzeau, Muriel Guernion, Mireille Fargette, Anne Jimenez, Bernard Martiny, Cécile Villenave, Guénola Pérès, Thierry Mateille, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, INDICATEUR BIOLOGIQUE, FORET, Rhabditidae, Agricultural Practices, Soil biodiversity, SOL CULTIVE, FAUNE DU SOL, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, Crop, 01 natural sciences, ABONDANCE, EVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTURE, Abundance (ecology), Forest, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Facultative, biology, Land use, FERTILITE DU SOL, Ecology, BIODIVERSITE, agricultural practices, bioindicators, crop, forest, meadow, soil biodiversity monitoring, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, NEMATODE, biology.organism_classification, Soil quality, PRATIQUE CULTURALE, Agronomy, PRAIRIE, Meadow, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Bioindicators, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, INDICATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, INDCATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Soil Biodiversity Monitoring, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; A French programme, "Réseau de mesure de la qualité des sols: biodiversité des organismes" (RMQS BioDiv) was de-veloped in Brittany (27,000 km² in the western part of France) as an initial assessment of soil biodiversity on a regional scale in relation to land use and pedoclimatic parameters. The nematode community assemblages were compared among the land use categories. Crops were characterised by a high abundance of bacterial-feeders, particularly oppor-tunistic bacterial-feeders belonging to Rhabditidae. Meadows presented a higher total abundance of nematodes than did crops (20.6 ind·g −1 dry soil vs. 13.1 ind·g −1 dry soil), and they were mainly linked to the great abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly Meloidogyne, but with a very high heterogeneity between sampled plots. The nematodes were most abundant in forests (23.7 ind·g −1 dry soil) and presented the most structured community (SI = 82.2 in forests vs. 58.6 and 55.5 in crops and meadows, respectively). Forests had also the higher fungal component (fungal-feeders and facultative plant-feeders belonging to the Tylenchidae) leading to a significant higher part of the fungal decomposition pathway in forests than in crops. The ability of different taxonomic levels of nematode identifica-tion to discriminate among different cropping systems (i.e., continuous cropping system, crop with meadow in the rota-tion, meadow with crop in the rotation and permanent meadow) was also tested. The family level (48 families identified in these samples) was more efficient than the other taxonomic levels (86 taxa, 17 functional guilds and 6 trophic groups): best statistical significant discrimination for time spent in identification. The relation between the nematode ecological indices, the abundance of nematode trophic groups and the crop management practices were studied. The effects of fertilization, ploughing frequency, use of pesticides and management systems on ecological indices, particu-larly on the Maturity Indices, were observed.

Published
2013

47. Quels bioindicateurs, pour quels besoins en sites contaminés ?

Author

Grand, C., Olivier Faure, Jennifer Harris-Hellal, Mickael Hedde, Marina Le Guédard, Benjamin Pauget, Guénola Pérès, Cécile Villenave, Annette De Vaufleury, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département GéoSciences et Environnement (GSE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), PESSAC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Ademe, ADEME, Bioindicateurs 2, ADEME-Département Sites et Sols Pollués (DSSP)-Direction Déchets et Sols (DDS), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels ( SPIN-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Département GéoSciences et Environnement ( GSE-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-SPIN, Environnement Ville Société ( EVS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon ( ENSAL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire ( LBM ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract

22 p; International audience; Actuellement, il existe un besoin de développer des outils pour répondre à plusieurs questions dans le souci d'améliorer les connaissances sur l'état biologique du sol et son fonctionnement ainsi que les phénomènes mis en cause :  Comment mieux orienter le diagnostic physico-chimique des sols contaminés et détecter les substances polluantes (organiques et inorganiques) non suspectées ?  Comment évaluer le comportement des polluants dans le sol, leur biodisponibilité et leur transfert vers les chaînes trophiques ?  Comment évaluer un impact global d'un sol contaminé sur les écosystèmes terrestres (outils intégrateurs)?  Comment évaluer l'état biologique d'un sol délaissé afin de le requalifier pour un usage futur ?

Published
2012

48. Macropores and earthworm species affected by agronomic intensification

Author

Paul Henning Krogh and Guénola Pérès

Abstract

Soil ecosystem services depend on water regulation both to retain soil moisture and to eliminate water excess without harmful loss of particles and nutrients. As such the combination of soil physical properties that support soil hydrological functioning is a well-recognized service delivered by soil. There is widespread recognition of soil biodiversity and biological activities that are needed to sustain soil structural properties. The detrimental consequences of a weakened functionality have been stressed in the EU Soil Strategy and hydrology in particular is related to all soil threats. Biopores and soil aggregate formation have been shown to be crucial results of soil macroorganism activities contributing to soil hydrology. In collaboration between the French “Observatoire de Recherche en Environnement – Agro-écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimiques et Biodiversité” (ORE-ACBB) and the FP7 EU project EcoFINDERS we investigated the relationsship between earthworm biodiversity, macropores and three agricultural landuse types. A field campaign was conducted in October-November 2011. Earthworm burrow distribution was quantified at 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 20 cm horizontal layer intervals down the soil profile to 1 meter depth and correlated with the earthworm community consisting of 12 species dominated by the endogeics Aporrectodea caliginosa and Aporrectodea chlorotica and the anecics Aporrectodea longa and Lumbricus centralis. Medium-small macropores in the ploughing layer with diameters (Ø) less than 5 mm were significantly more abundant in permanent grassland compared to conventional rotation system with annual crops. An intermediate system with 3 year grass and 3 years with annuals was also intermediate between the two other systems. At 30 cm's depth we found no large macropores, Ø >7 mm, in the system with annuals, but increasingly more in rotations with grass. Addition of frequencies of macropores with Ø>7 mm retains the significant difference betweenannual and the permanent grass system. Moreover, all the large burrows, >5 mm Ø, follow this pattern and are significantly more numerous in permanent grass to annuals (PAt depth 100 cm total number of macropores were more abundant in the annual crops compared with permanent grass (P=5%), due to a larger number of macropores We present an interpretation of the macropore patterns in relation to the anecic and endogeic lifeforms and their established role in creating burrows of different spatial distribution and density.

Published
2012

49. Morphological description of soil structure patterns produced by earthworm bioturbation at the profile scale

Author

Guénola Pérès, Denis Piron, Daniel Cluzeau, Vincent Hallaire, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), INRA Unité Sol et Agronomie (INRA SA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Compaction, Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Soil profile description, Earthworms, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Macroporosity, biology, Earthworm, Soil morphology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Burrow, Soil structure, Insect Science, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil-structure pattern, Bioturbation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Geology
Abstract

International audience; In cultivated soils, Soil structure mainly results from climatic, anthropogenic and biological processes. Nevertheless, few field methods evaluating the quality of soil structure consider the contribution of biological processes. In order to include earthworm biostructures in the field description of soilstructure, an original method is proposed in this paper. Soil profiles under different agricultural practices were examined to distinguish soil-structure patterns, notably those resulting from earthworm bioturbation. The relevance of naked eye observation was tested by a micromorphological approach, using image analysis on thin sections. Then, the application of this method was illustrated by mapping soil profiles. Our study led to the creation of a typology (i.e. classification system) of eleven soil-structure patterns, taking into account anthropogenic processes (e.g. compaction, soil tillage), root activity and earthworm activity. Seven patterns were attributed to earthworm activity in the form of burrows or casts. Three burrow features were distinguished, differentiating between filled burrows, or empty burrows with a brown cutan or without visible cutan. Four patterns of cast packing were distinguished, differentiating between cast aggregates that were fresh, welded, compacted, or combined with burrow features. This typology appears relevant for developing a field tool to describe and spatially quantify soil structure.

Published
2012

50. Integration of biodiversity in soil quality monitoring: Baselines for microbial and soil fauna parameters for different land-use types

Author

Dominique Arrouays, Guénola Pérès, Jérôme Cortet, Muriel Guernion, Nuria Ruiz-Camacho, Céline Pernin, Alain Bellido, Laurence Rougé, Antonio Bispo, Rémi Chaussod, Cécile Villenave, Daniel Cluzeau, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Laurent Philippot, Thierry Mateille, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Animation de la Recherche Déchets & Sols, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Programme Bioindicator de l'ADEME, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité INFOSOL ( ORLEANS INFOSOL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), ADEME, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL)

Subjects
Monitoring, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, Biodiversity, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, scale, Soil, Soil functions, Baselines, Regional scale, Soil Land use, Soil mesofauna, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Land use, Ecology, Biological indicators, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Regional, Soil quality, Geography, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The French programme Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols e Biodiversité was carried out at a regional scale (Brittany, west part of France) i) to produce a first statement regarding soil biodiversity, ii) to identify bioindicators of anthropic constraints, and iii) to determine baseline values for several biological groups depending on land uses. In this study, 109 monitoring sites were investigated using a systematic framework (a 16 km 16 km regular grid). Six biological groups were studied within four major categories, i.e., macrofauna (all soil macro-invertebrate taxa and earthworms), mesofauna (Acari and Collembola), microfauna (nematodes), and micro-organisms (microbial biomass and functional genes). The abundances of earthworms, nematodes, Acari and the bacterial community (assessed by their encoded 16S rRNA) as well as microbial biomass and earthworm species richness discriminate land uses (crops from meadows from forests). Macro-invertebrate abundance, Collembola abundance and richness, and nematode richness are only relevant for the discrimination of agricultural practices (e.g., management system or fertilisation intensity). Most of the soil biological groups (except Collembola) exhibit lower values of abundance and community richness in croplands than in meadows. This programme allows us to set up a first reference database for soil biological data for France covering microflora and fauna. This substantial reference database will be used to calibrate future research results and to develop management baseline values for stakeholders to assess the status of soil biodiversity under several policies, e.g., the Common Agricultural Policy, Soil Framework Directive, EU and national biodiversity strategies, and policies related to contaminated land management. Therefore it should assist stakeholders in the choice of good agricultural practices.

Published
2012

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