77 results on '"Guénard, B"'
Search Results
2. Global maps of soil temperature
- Author
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Lembrechts, JJ, van den Hoogen, J, Aalto, J, Ashcroft, MB, De Frenne, P, Kemppinen, J, Kopecký, M, Luoto, M, Maclean, IMD, Crowther, TW, Bailey, JJ, Haesen, S, Klinges, DH, Niittynen, P, Scheffers, BR, Van Meerbeek, K, Aartsma, P, Abdalaze, O, Abedi, M, Aerts, R, Ahmadian, N, Ahrends, A, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, JM, Nina Allonsius, C, Altman, J, Ammann, C, Andres, C, Andrews, C, Ardö, J, Arriga, N, Arzac, A, Aschero, V, Assis, RL, Johann Assmann, J, Bader, MY, Bahalkeh, K, Barančok, P, Barrio, IC, Barros, A, Barthel, M, Basham, EW, Bauters, M, Bazzichetto, M, Belelli Marchesini, L, Bell, MC, Benavides, JC, Luis Benito Alonso, J, Berauer, BJ, Bjerke, JW, Björk, RG, Björkman, MP, Björnsdóttir, K, Blonder, B, Boeckx, P, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Brum, BNS, Brůna, J, Buchmann, N, Buysse, P, Luís Camargo, J, Campoe, OC, Candan, O, Canessa, R, Cannone, N, Carbognani, M, Carnicer, J, Casanova‐Katny, A, Cesarz, S, Chojnicki, B, Choler, P, Chown, SL, Cifuentes, EF, Čiliak, M, Contador, T, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cremonese, E, Curasi, SR, Curtis, R, Cutini, M, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, GN, Angel de Pablo, M, Della Chiesa, S, Dengler, J, Deronde, B, Descombes, P, Di Cecco, V, Di Musciano, M, Dick, J, Dimarco, RD, Dolezal, J, Dorrepaal, E, Dušek, J, Eisenhauer, N, Eklundh, L, Erickson, TE, Erschbamer, B, Eugster, W, Ewers, RM, Exton, DA, Fanin, N, Fazlioglu, F, Feigenwinter, I, Fenu, G, Ferlian, O, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández‐Pascual, E, Finckh, M, Finger Higgens, R, Forte, TGW, Freeman, EC, Frei, ER, Fuentes‐Lillo, E, García, RA, García, MB, Géron, C, Gharun, M, Ghosn, D, Gigauri, K, Gobin, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Gottschall, F, Goulding, K, Govaert, S, Jessen Graae, B, Greenwood, S, Greiser, C, Grelle, A, Guénard, B, Guglielmin, M, Guillemot, J, Haase, P, Haider, S, Halbritter, AH, Hamid, M, Hammerle, A, Hampe, A, Haugum, SV, Hederová, L, Heinesch, B, Helfter, C, Hepenstrick, D, Herberich, M, Herbst, M, Hermanutz, L, Hik, DS, Hoffrén, R, Homeier, J, Hörtnagl, L, Høye, TT, Hrbacek, F, Hylander, K, Iwata, H, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, M, Jactel, H, Järveoja, J, Jastrzębowski, S, Jentsch, A, Jiménez, JJ, Jónsdóttir, IS, Jucker, T, Jump, AS, Juszczak, R, Kanka, R, Kašpar, V, Kazakis, G, Kelly, J, Khuroo, AA, Klemedtsson, L, Klisz, M, Kljun, N, Knohl, A, Kobler, J, Kollár, J, Kotowska, MM, Kovács, B, Kreyling, J, Lamprecht, A, Lang, SI, Larson, C, Larson, K, Laska, K, le Maire, G, Leihy, RI, Lens, L, Liljebladh, B, Lohila, A, Lorite, J, Loubet, B, Lynn, J, Macek, M, Mackenzie, R, Magliulo, E, Maier, R, Malfasi, F, Máliš, F, Man, M, Manca, G, Manco, A, Manise, T, Manolaki, P, Marciniak, F, Matula, R, Clara Mazzolari, A, Medinets, S, Medinets, V, Meeussen, C, Merinero, S, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, R, Meusburger, K, Meysman, FJR, Michaletz, ST, Milbau, A, Moiseev, D, Moiseev, P, Mondoni, A, Monfries, R, Montagnani, L, Moriana‐Armendariz, M, Morra di Cella, U, Mörsdorf, M, Mosedale, JR, Muffler, L, Muñoz‐Rojas, M, Myers, JA, Myers‐Smith, IH, Nagy, L, Nardino, M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, I, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, L, Niedrist, G, Niessner, A, Nilsson, MB, Normand, S, Nosetto, MD, Nouvellon, Y, Nuñez, MA, Ogaya, R, Ogée, J, Okello, J, Olejnik, J, Eivind Olesen, J, Opedal, Ø, Orsenigo, S, Palaj, A, Pampuch, T, Panov, AV, Pärtel, M, Pastor, A, Pauchard, A, Pauli, H, Pavelka, M, Pearse, WD, Peichl, M, Pellissier, L, Penczykowski, RM, Penuelas, J, Petit Bon, M, Petraglia, A, Phartyal, SS, Phoenix, GK, Pio, C, Pitacco, A, Pitteloud, C, Plichta, R, Porro, F, Portillo‐Estrada, M, Poulenard, J, Poyatos, R, Prokushkin, AS, Puchalka, R, Pușcaș, M, Radujković, D, Randall, K, Ratier Backes, A, Remmele, S, Remmers, W, Renault, D, Risch, AC, Rixen, C, Robinson, SA, Robroek, BJM, Rocha, AV, Rossi, C, Rossi, G, Roupsard, O, Rubtsov, AV, Saccone, P, Sagot, C, Sallo Bravo, J, Santos, CC, Sarneel, JM, Scharnweber, T, Schmeddes, J, Schmidt, M, Scholten, T, Schuchardt, M, Schwartz, N, Scott, T, Seeber, J, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, A, Seipel, T, Semenchuk, P, Senior, RA, Serra‐Diaz, JM, Sewerniak, P, Shekhar, A, Sidenko, NV, Siebicke, L, Siegwart Collier, L, Simpson, E, Siqueira, DP, Sitková, Z, Six, J, Smiljanic, M, Smith, SW, Smith‐Tripp, S, Somers, B, Vedel Sørensen, M, João L. L. Souza, J, Israel Souza, B, Souza Dias, A, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Spicher, F, Stanisci, A, Steinbauer, K, Steinbrecher, R, Steinwandter, M, Stemkovski, M, Stephan, JG, Stiegler, C, Stoll, S, Svátek, M, Svoboda, M, Tagesson, T, Tanentzap, AJ, Tanneberger, F, Theurillat, J, Thomas, HJD, Thomas, AD, Tielbörger, K, Tomaselli, M, Albert Treier, U, Trouillier, M, Dan Turtureanu, P, Tutton, R, Tyystjärvi, VA, Ueyama, M, Ujházy, K, Ujházyová, M, Uogintas, D, Urban, AV, Urban, J, Urbaniak, M, Ursu, T, Primo Vaccari, F, Van de Vondel, S, van den Brink, L, Van Geel, M, Vandvik, V, Vangansbeke, P, Varlagin, A, Veen, GF, Veenendaal, E, Venn, Susanna, Verbeeck, H, Verbrugggen, E, Verheijen, FGA, Villar, L, Vitale, L, Vittoz, P, Vives‐Ingla, M, von Oppen, J, Walz, J, Wang, R, Wang, Y, Way, RG, Wedegärtner, REM, Weigel, R, Wild, J, Wilkinson, M, Wilmking, M, Wingate, L, Winkler, M, Wipf, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Xenakis, G, Yang, Y, Yu, Z, Yu, K, Zellweger, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, P, Ziemblińska, K, Zimmermann, R, Zong, S, Zyryanov, VI, Nijs, I, Lenoir, J, Lembrechts, JJ, van den Hoogen, J, Aalto, J, Ashcroft, MB, De Frenne, P, Kemppinen, J, Kopecký, M, Luoto, M, Maclean, IMD, Crowther, TW, Bailey, JJ, Haesen, S, Klinges, DH, Niittynen, P, Scheffers, BR, Van Meerbeek, K, Aartsma, P, Abdalaze, O, Abedi, M, Aerts, R, Ahmadian, N, Ahrends, A, Alatalo, JM, Alexander, JM, Nina Allonsius, C, Altman, J, Ammann, C, Andres, C, Andrews, C, Ardö, J, Arriga, N, Arzac, A, Aschero, V, Assis, RL, Johann Assmann, J, Bader, MY, Bahalkeh, K, Barančok, P, Barrio, IC, Barros, A, Barthel, M, Basham, EW, Bauters, M, Bazzichetto, M, Belelli Marchesini, L, Bell, MC, Benavides, JC, Luis Benito Alonso, J, Berauer, BJ, Bjerke, JW, Björk, RG, Björkman, MP, Björnsdóttir, K, Blonder, B, Boeckx, P, Boike, J, Bokhorst, S, Brum, BNS, Brůna, J, Buchmann, N, Buysse, P, Luís Camargo, J, Campoe, OC, Candan, O, Canessa, R, Cannone, N, Carbognani, M, Carnicer, J, Casanova‐Katny, A, Cesarz, S, Chojnicki, B, Choler, P, Chown, SL, Cifuentes, EF, Čiliak, M, Contador, T, Convey, P, Cooper, EJ, Cremonese, E, Curasi, SR, Curtis, R, Cutini, M, Johan Dahlberg, C, Daskalova, GN, Angel de Pablo, M, Della Chiesa, S, Dengler, J, Deronde, B, Descombes, P, Di Cecco, V, Di Musciano, M, Dick, J, Dimarco, RD, Dolezal, J, Dorrepaal, E, Dušek, J, Eisenhauer, N, Eklundh, L, Erickson, TE, Erschbamer, B, Eugster, W, Ewers, RM, Exton, DA, Fanin, N, Fazlioglu, F, Feigenwinter, I, Fenu, G, Ferlian, O, Rosa Fernández Calzado, M, Fernández‐Pascual, E, Finckh, M, Finger Higgens, R, Forte, TGW, Freeman, EC, Frei, ER, Fuentes‐Lillo, E, García, RA, García, MB, Géron, C, Gharun, M, Ghosn, D, Gigauri, K, Gobin, A, Goded, I, Goeckede, M, Gottschall, F, Goulding, K, Govaert, S, Jessen Graae, B, Greenwood, S, Greiser, C, Grelle, A, Guénard, B, Guglielmin, M, Guillemot, J, Haase, P, Haider, S, Halbritter, AH, Hamid, M, Hammerle, A, Hampe, A, Haugum, SV, Hederová, L, Heinesch, B, Helfter, C, Hepenstrick, D, Herberich, M, Herbst, M, Hermanutz, L, Hik, DS, Hoffrén, R, Homeier, J, Hörtnagl, L, Høye, TT, Hrbacek, F, Hylander, K, Iwata, H, Antoni Jackowicz‐Korczynski, M, Jactel, H, Järveoja, J, Jastrzębowski, S, Jentsch, A, Jiménez, JJ, Jónsdóttir, IS, Jucker, T, Jump, AS, Juszczak, R, Kanka, R, Kašpar, V, Kazakis, G, Kelly, J, Khuroo, AA, Klemedtsson, L, Klisz, M, Kljun, N, Knohl, A, Kobler, J, Kollár, J, Kotowska, MM, Kovács, B, Kreyling, J, Lamprecht, A, Lang, SI, Larson, C, Larson, K, Laska, K, le Maire, G, Leihy, RI, Lens, L, Liljebladh, B, Lohila, A, Lorite, J, Loubet, B, Lynn, J, Macek, M, Mackenzie, R, Magliulo, E, Maier, R, Malfasi, F, Máliš, F, Man, M, Manca, G, Manco, A, Manise, T, Manolaki, P, Marciniak, F, Matula, R, Clara Mazzolari, A, Medinets, S, Medinets, V, Meeussen, C, Merinero, S, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, R, Meusburger, K, Meysman, FJR, Michaletz, ST, Milbau, A, Moiseev, D, Moiseev, P, Mondoni, A, Monfries, R, Montagnani, L, Moriana‐Armendariz, M, Morra di Cella, U, Mörsdorf, M, Mosedale, JR, Muffler, L, Muñoz‐Rojas, M, Myers, JA, Myers‐Smith, IH, Nagy, L, Nardino, M, Naujokaitis‐Lewis, I, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, L, Niedrist, G, Niessner, A, Nilsson, MB, Normand, S, Nosetto, MD, Nouvellon, Y, Nuñez, MA, Ogaya, R, Ogée, J, Okello, J, Olejnik, J, Eivind Olesen, J, Opedal, Ø, Orsenigo, S, Palaj, A, Pampuch, T, Panov, AV, Pärtel, M, Pastor, A, Pauchard, A, Pauli, H, Pavelka, M, Pearse, WD, Peichl, M, Pellissier, L, Penczykowski, RM, Penuelas, J, Petit Bon, M, Petraglia, A, Phartyal, SS, Phoenix, GK, Pio, C, Pitacco, A, Pitteloud, C, Plichta, R, Porro, F, Portillo‐Estrada, M, Poulenard, J, Poyatos, R, Prokushkin, AS, Puchalka, R, Pușcaș, M, Radujković, D, Randall, K, Ratier Backes, A, Remmele, S, Remmers, W, Renault, D, Risch, AC, Rixen, C, Robinson, SA, Robroek, BJM, Rocha, AV, Rossi, C, Rossi, G, Roupsard, O, Rubtsov, AV, Saccone, P, Sagot, C, Sallo Bravo, J, Santos, CC, Sarneel, JM, Scharnweber, T, Schmeddes, J, Schmidt, M, Scholten, T, Schuchardt, M, Schwartz, N, Scott, T, Seeber, J, Cristina Segalin de Andrade, A, Seipel, T, Semenchuk, P, Senior, RA, Serra‐Diaz, JM, Sewerniak, P, Shekhar, A, Sidenko, NV, Siebicke, L, Siegwart Collier, L, Simpson, E, Siqueira, DP, Sitková, Z, Six, J, Smiljanic, M, Smith, SW, Smith‐Tripp, S, Somers, B, Vedel Sørensen, M, João L. L. Souza, J, Israel Souza, B, Souza Dias, A, Spasojevic, MJ, Speed, JDM, Spicher, F, Stanisci, A, Steinbauer, K, Steinbrecher, R, Steinwandter, M, Stemkovski, M, Stephan, JG, Stiegler, C, Stoll, S, Svátek, M, Svoboda, M, Tagesson, T, Tanentzap, AJ, Tanneberger, F, Theurillat, J, Thomas, HJD, Thomas, AD, Tielbörger, K, Tomaselli, M, Albert Treier, U, Trouillier, M, Dan Turtureanu, P, Tutton, R, Tyystjärvi, VA, Ueyama, M, Ujházy, K, Ujházyová, M, Uogintas, D, Urban, AV, Urban, J, Urbaniak, M, Ursu, T, Primo Vaccari, F, Van de Vondel, S, van den Brink, L, Van Geel, M, Vandvik, V, Vangansbeke, P, Varlagin, A, Veen, GF, Veenendaal, E, Venn, Susanna, Verbeeck, H, Verbrugggen, E, Verheijen, FGA, Villar, L, Vitale, L, Vittoz, P, Vives‐Ingla, M, von Oppen, J, Walz, J, Wang, R, Wang, Y, Way, RG, Wedegärtner, REM, Weigel, R, Wild, J, Wilkinson, M, Wilmking, M, Wingate, L, Winkler, M, Wipf, S, Wohlfahrt, G, Xenakis, G, Yang, Y, Yu, Z, Yu, K, Zellweger, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhao, P, Ziemblińska, K, Zimmermann, R, Zong, S, Zyryanov, VI, Nijs, I, and Lenoir, J
- Published
- 2021
3. Trait‐based ecology of terrestrial arthropods
- Author
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Wong, M, Guénard, B, and Lewis, O
- Subjects
beetle ,invertebrate ,review ,Biodiversity ,Original Articles ,functional diversity ,Adaptation, Physiological ,butterfly ,ecosystem function ,Animals ,community assembly ,Original Article ,insect ,ant ,functional trait ,bee ,Animal Distribution ,Arthropods ,spider - Abstract
In focusing on how organisms' generalizable functional properties (traits) interact mechanistically with environments across spatial scales and levels of biological organization, trait‐based approaches provide a powerful framework for attaining synthesis, generality and prediction. Trait‐based research has considerably improved understanding of the assembly, structure and functioning of plant communities. Further advances in ecology may be achieved by exploring the trait–environment relationships of non‐sessile, heterotrophic organisms such as terrestrial arthropods, which are geographically ubiquitous, ecologically diverse, and often important functional components of ecosystems. Trait‐based studies and trait databases have recently been compiled for groups such as ants, bees, beetles, butterflies, spiders and many others; however, the explicit justification, conceptual framework, and primary‐evidence base for the burgeoning field of ‘terrestrial arthropod trait‐based ecology’ have not been well established. Consequently, there is some confusion over the scope and relevance of this field, as well as a tendency for studies to overlook important assumptions of the trait‐based approach. Here we aim to provide a broad and accessible overview of the trait‐based ecology of terrestrial arthropods. We first define and illustrate foundational concepts in trait‐based ecology with respect to terrestrial arthropods, and justify the application of trait‐based approaches to the study of their ecology. Next, we review studies in community ecology where trait‐based approaches have been used to elucidate how assembly processes for terrestrial arthropod communities are influenced by niche filtering along environmental gradients (e.g. climatic, structural, and land‐use gradients) and by abiotic and biotic disturbances (e.g. fire, floods, and biological invasions). We also review studies in ecosystem ecology where trait‐based approaches have been used to investigate biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships: how the functional diversity of arthropod communities relates to a host of ecosystem functions and services that they mediate, such as decomposition, pollination and predation. We then suggest how future work can address fundamental assumptions and limitations by investigating trait functionality and the effects of intraspecific variation, assessing the potential for sampling methods to bias the traits and trait values observed, and enhancing the quality and consolidation of trait information in databases. A roadmap to guide observational trait‐based studies is also presented. Lastly, we highlight new areas where trait‐based studies on terrestrial arthropods are well positioned to advance ecological understanding and application. These include examining the roles of competitive, non‐competitive and (multi‐)trophic interactions in shaping coexistence, and macro‐scaling trait–environment relationships to explain and predict patterns in biodiversity and ecosystem functions across space and time. We hope this review will spur and guide future applications of the trait‐based framework to advance ecological insights from the most diverse eukaryotic organisms on Earth.
- Published
- 2018
4. Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
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Seebens, H. Blackburn, T.M. Dyer, E.E. Genovesi, P. Hulme, P.E. Jeschke, J.M. Pagad, S. Pyšek, P. Van Kleunen, M. Winter, M. Ansong, M. Arianoutsou, M. Bacher, S. Blasius, B. Brockerhoff, E.G. Brundu, G. Capinha, C. Causton, C.E. Celesti-Grapow, L. Dawson, W. Dullinger, S. Economo, E.P. Fuentes, N. Guénard, B. Jäger, H. Kartesz, J. Kenis, M. Kühn, I. Lenzner, B. Liebhold, A.M. Mosena, A. Moser, D. Nentwig, W. Nishino, M. Pearman, D. Pergl, J. Rabitsch, W. Rojas-Sandoval, J. Roques, A. Rorke, S. Rossinelli, S. Roy, H.E. Scalera, R. Schindler, S. Štajerová, K. Tokarska-Guzik, B. Walker, K. Ward, D.F. Yamanaka, T. Essl, F.
- Abstract
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species-those never encountered as aliens before-therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: Onequarter of first records during 2000-2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1-16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict. © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All Rights Reserved.
- Published
- 2018
5. The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems
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Barlow, J, França, F, Gardner, TA, Hicks, CC, Lennox, GD, Berenguer, E, Castello, L, Economo, EP, Ferreira, J, Guénard, B, Gontijo Leal, C, Isaac, V, Lees, Alexander, Parr, CL, Wilson, SK, Young, PJ, Graham, NAJ, Barlow, J, França, F, Gardner, TA, Hicks, CC, Lennox, GD, Berenguer, E, Castello, L, Economo, EP, Ferreira, J, Guénard, B, Gontijo Leal, C, Isaac, V, Lees, Alexander, Parr, CL, Wilson, SK, Young, PJ, and Graham, NAJ
- Abstract
The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth’s biodiversity: their terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including almost all shallow-water corals and over 90% of terrestrial birds. However, tropical ecosystems are also subject to pervasive and interacting stressors, such as deforestation, overfishing and climate change, and they are set within a socio-economic context that includes growing pressure from an increasingly globalized world, larger and more affluent tropical populations, and weak governance and response capacities. Concerted local, national and international actions are urgently required to prevent a collapse of tropical biodiversity.
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- 2018
6. Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
- Author
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Seebens, H., Blackburn, T.M., Dyer, E.E., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Jeschke, J.M., Pagad, S., Pyšek, P., van Kleunen, M., Winter, M., Ansong, M., Arianoutsou, M., Bacher, S., Blasius, B., Brockerhoff, E.G., Brundu, G., Capinha, C., Causton, C.E., Celesti-Grapow, L., Dawson, W., Dullinger, S., Economo, E.P., Fuentes, N., Guénard, B., Jäger, H., Kartesz, J., Kenis, M., Kühn, Ingolf, Lenzner, B., Liebhold, A.M., Mosena, A., Moser, D., Nentwig, W., Nishino, M., Pearman, D., Pergl, J., Rabitsch, W., Rojas-Sandoval, J., Roques, A., Rorke, S., Rossinelli, S., Roy, H.E., Scalera, R., Schindler, S., Štajerová, K., Tokarska-Guzik, B., Walker, K., Ward, D.F., Yamanaka, T., Essl, F., Seebens, H., Blackburn, T.M., Dyer, E.E., Genovesi, P., Hulme, P.E., Jeschke, J.M., Pagad, S., Pyšek, P., van Kleunen, M., Winter, M., Ansong, M., Arianoutsou, M., Bacher, S., Blasius, B., Brockerhoff, E.G., Brundu, G., Capinha, C., Causton, C.E., Celesti-Grapow, L., Dawson, W., Dullinger, S., Economo, E.P., Fuentes, N., Guénard, B., Jäger, H., Kartesz, J., Kenis, M., Kühn, Ingolf, Lenzner, B., Liebhold, A.M., Mosena, A., Moser, D., Nentwig, W., Nishino, M., Pearman, D., Pergl, J., Rabitsch, W., Rojas-Sandoval, J., Roques, A., Rorke, S., Rossinelli, S., Roy, H.E., Scalera, R., Schindler, S., Štajerová, K., Tokarska-Guzik, B., Walker, K., Ward, D.F., Yamanaka, T., and Essl, F.
- Abstract
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
- Published
- 2018
7. Dominance–diversity relationships in ant communities differ with invasion
- Author
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Arnan, X., Andersen, A., Gibb, H., Parr, C., Sanders, N., Dunn, R., Angulo, E., Baccaro, F., Bishop, T., Boulay, R., Castracani, C., Cerdá, X., Toro, I., Delsinne, T., Donoso, D., Elten, E., Fayle, T., Fitzpatrick, M., Gómez, C., Grasso, D., Grossman, B., Guénard, B., Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, B., Janda, M., Jenkins, C., Klimes, P., Lach, L., Laeger, T., Leponce, M., Lucky, A., Majer, Jonathan, Menke, S., Mezger, D., Mori, A., Moses, J., Munyai, T., Paknia, O., Pfeiffer, M., Philpott, S., Souza, J., Tista, M., Vasconcelos, H., Retana, J., Arnan, X., Andersen, A., Gibb, H., Parr, C., Sanders, N., Dunn, R., Angulo, E., Baccaro, F., Bishop, T., Boulay, R., Castracani, C., Cerdá, X., Toro, I., Delsinne, T., Donoso, D., Elten, E., Fayle, T., Fitzpatrick, M., Gómez, C., Grasso, D., Grossman, B., Guénard, B., Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, B., Janda, M., Jenkins, C., Klimes, P., Lach, L., Laeger, T., Leponce, M., Lucky, A., Majer, Jonathan, Menke, S., Mezger, D., Mori, A., Moses, J., Munyai, T., Paknia, O., Pfeiffer, M., Philpott, S., Souza, J., Tista, M., Vasconcelos, H., and Retana, J.
- Abstract
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd The relationship between levels of dominance and species richness is highly contentious, especially in ant communities. The dominance-impoverishment rule states that high levels of dominance only occur in species-poor communities, but there appear to be many cases of high levels of dominance in highly diverse communities. The extent to which dominant species limit local richness through competitive exclusion remains unclear, but such exclusion appears more apparent for non-native rather than native dominant species. Here we perform the first global analysis of the relationship between behavioral dominance and species richness. We used data from 1,293 local assemblages of ground-dwelling ants distributed across five continents to document the generality of the dominance-impoverishment rule, and to identify the biotic and abiotic conditions under which it does and does not apply. We found that the behavioral dominance–diversity relationship varies greatly, and depends on whether dominant species are native or non-native, whether dominance is considered as occurrence or relative abundance, and on variation in mean annual temperature. There were declines in diversity with increasing dominance in invaded communities, but diversity increased with increasing dominance in native communities. These patterns occur along the global temperature gradient. However, positive and negative relationships are strongest in the hottest sites. We also found that climate regulates the degree of behavioral dominance, but differently from how it shapes species richness. Our findings imply that, despite strong competitive interactions among ants, competitive exclusion is not a major driver of local richness in native ant communities. Although the dominance-impoverishment rule applies to invaded communities, we propose an alternative dominance-diversification rule for native communities.
- Published
- 2018
8. Subterranean ants: summary and perspectives on field sampling methods, with notes on diversity and ecology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
- Author
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Wong, M.K.L. and Guénard, B.
- Abstract
Soil organisms represent a key component of most ecosystems, and their study must rely on efficient and standardized methods. In ants, subterranean assemblages are perceived as distinct from those of other strata (e.g., ground surface or canopy ants) and as such deserve particular attention – the value of which has recently been acknowledged in research on ant evolution, systematics, and ecology. In this review, we first compile information on the variety of available field methods for studying subterranean ants and comparatively evaluate their usage. Next, we summarise the taxonomic and ecological diversity of subterranean ants. Finally, we propose future avenues for enhancing knowledge on the biology of these species. We identify seven techniques for sampling subterranean ants, which are categorized under three main methodological approaches: Subterranean Baiting, Soil Sampling, and Direct Sampling. Although subterranean sampling methods are specifically tailored to overcome the logistical challenges of collecting ants from within soil, in general they share similar limitations and sources of bias with conventional sampling methods like leaf litter sampling, surface baiting, and pitfall traps. For example, both subterranean and conventional sampling methods are limited by the amount of time and labour required, and their results may be biased by the exclusion of some species when particular sampling periods or baits are used. In contrast, the usage of subterranean sampling methods can result in the discovery of rare hypogaeic species (e.g., species of Leptanilla Emery, 1870, Leptanilloides Mann, 1923, and Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926) as well as unique ecological relationships (e.g., seasonal variation in species richness of subterranean ant communities) and life histories (e.g., distinct foraging patterns of hypogaeic Dorylinae species) that are still poorly understood. Studies show that subterranean ants form a diverse (up to 113 species) and distinct community (up to 44% uniqueness) in comparison with ants collected from higher strata. Systematic subterranean sampling has been used on five continents; however, the distribution and intensity of sampling varies greatly among studies, with most effort concentrated in the Neotropics, while the majority of biomes, such as tropical grasslands and moist forests, remain largely under-sampled. Future studies should address the current under-sampling of subterranean ants by employing standardized and improved methods within the framework of pursuing new research questions. For example, many areas pertaining to the ants' activity patterns, trophic ecology, and contributions to ecosystem function deserve further study. To rapidly advance knowledge on subterranean ants, systematic soil sampling may be employed in comparative diversity assessments across biogeographic and environmental gradients, while alternative field methods such as subterranean baiting could be useful for investigating important aspects of the ants' behaviour and ecology.
- Published
- 2017
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9. Global diversity in light of climate change: The case of ants
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Jenkins, C.N., Sanders, N.J., Andersen, A.N., Arnan, Xavier, Brühl, C.A., Cerdá, Xim, Ellison, A.M., Fisher, B.L., Fitzpatrick, M.C., Gotelli, N.J., Gove, A.D., Guénard, B., Lattke, J.E., Lessard, J.-P., Mcglynn, T.P., Menke, S.B., Parr, C.L., Philpott, S.M., Vasconcelos, H.L., Weiser, M.D., and Dunn, Robert R.
- Abstract
Aim To use a fine-grained global model of ant diversity to identify the limits of our knowledge of diversity in the context of climate change. Location Global. Methods We applied generalized linear modelling to a global database of local ant assemblages to predict the species density of ants globally. Predictors evaluated included simple climate variables, combined temperature×precipitation variables, biogeographic region, elevation, and interactions between select variables. Areas of the planet identified as beyond the reliable prediction ability of the model were those having climatic conditions more extreme than what was represented in the ant database. Results Temperature was the most important single predictor of ant species density, and a mix of climatic variables, biogeographic region and interactions between climate and region yielded the best overall model. Broadly, geographic patterns of ant diversity match those of other taxa, with high species density in the wet tropics and in some, but not all, parts of the dry tropics. Uncertainty in model predictions appears to derive from the low amount of standardized sampling of ants in Asia, in Africa and in the most extreme (e.g. hottest) climates. Model residuals increase as a function of temperature. This suggests that our understanding of the drivers of ant diversity at high temperatures is incomplete, especially in hot and arid climates. In other words, our ignorance of how ant diversity relates to environment is greatest in those regions where most species occur - hot climates, both wet and dry. Mainconclusions Our results have two important implications. First, temperature is necessary, but not sufficient, to explain fully the patterns of ant diversity. Second, our ability to predict ant diversity is weakest exactly where we need to know the most, the warmest regions of a warming world. This includes significant parts of the tropics and some of the most biologically diverse areas in the world. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
- Published
- 2011
10. Climatic drivers of hemispheric asymmetry in global patterns of ant species richness
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Dunn, Robert R., Agosti, D., Andersen, A.N., Arnan, Xavier, Brühl, C.A., Cerdá, Xim, Ellison, A.M., Fisher, B.L., Fitzpatrick, M.C., Gibb, H., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gove, A.D., Guénard, B., Janda, M., Kaspari, M., Dunn, Robert R., Agosti, D., Andersen, A.N., Arnan, Xavier, Brühl, C.A., Cerdá, Xim, Ellison, A.M., Fisher, B.L., Fitzpatrick, M.C., Gibb, H., Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gove, A.D., Guénard, B., Janda, M., and Kaspari, M.
- Abstract
Although many taxa show a latitudinal gradient in richness, the relationship between latitude and species richness is often asymmetrical between the northern and southern hemispheres. Here we examine the latitudinal pattern of species richness across 1003 local ant assemblages. We find latitudinal asymmetry, with southern hemisphere sites being more diverse than northern hemisphere sites. Most of this asymmetry could be explained statistically by differences in contemporary climate. Local ant species richness was positively associated with temperature, but negatively (although weakly) associated with temperature range and precipitation. After contemporary climate was accounted for, a modest difference in diversity between hemispheres persisted, suggesting that factors other than contemporary climate contributed to the hemispherical asymmetry. The most parsimonious explanation for this remaining asymmetry is that greater climate change since the Eocene in the northern than in the southern hemisphere has led to more extinctions in the northern hemisphere with consequent effects on local ant species richness. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.
- Published
- 2009
11. The Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) database: Synthesizing data on the geographic distribution of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
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Guénard, B., Michael D. Weiser, Gómez, K., Narula, N., and Economo, E. P.
12. Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
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Seebens, H, Blackburn, TM, Dyer, EE, Genovesi, P, Hulme, PE, Jeschke, JM, Pagad, S, Pysek, P, Van Kleunen, M, Winter, M, Ansong, M, Arianoutsou, M, Bacher, Sven, Blasius, B, Brockerhoff, EG, Brundu, G, Capinha, C, Causton, CE, Celesti-Grapow, L, Dawson, W, Dullinger, S, Economo, EP, Fuentes, N, Guénard, B, Jäger, H, Kartesz, J, Kenis, M, Kühn, I, Lenzner, B, Liebhold, AM, Mosena, A, Moser, D, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Nishino, M, Pearman, D, Pergl, J, Rabitsch, W, Rojas-Sandoval, J, Roques, A, Rorke, S, Rossinelli, S, Roy, HE, Scalera, R, Schindler, S, Stajerová, K, Tokarska-Guzik, B, Walker, K, Ward, DF, Yamanaka, T, and Essl, F
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,590 Animals (Zoology) ,15. Life on land ,580 Plants (Botany) - Abstract
Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—there-fore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dy-namics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded any-where as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically impor-tant source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorpora-tion of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the histor-ically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
13. Global hotspots and correlates of alien species richness across taxonomic groups
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Dawson, W, Moser, D, Kleunen, MV, Kreft, H, Pergl, J, Pyšek, P, Wiegelt, P, Winter, M, Lenzner, B, Blackburn, TM, E. Dyer, EE, Cassey, P, Scrivens, SL, Economo, EP, Guénard, B, Capinha, C, Seebens, H, García-Díaz, P, Nentwig, Wolfgang, García-Berthou, E, Casal, C, Mandrak, NE, Fuller, P, Meyer, C, and Essl, F
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,14. Life underwater ,15. Life on land - Abstract
Human-mediated transport beyond biogeographic barriers has led to the introduction and establishment of alien species in new regions worldwide. However, we lack a global picture of established alien species richness for multiple taxonomic groups. Here, we assess global patterns and potential drivers of established alien species richness across eight taxonomic groups (amphib-ians, ants, birds, freshwater fishes, mammals, vascular plants, reptiles and spiders) for 186 islands and 423 mainland regions. Hotspots of established alien species richness are predominantly island and coastal mainland regions. Regions with greater gross domestic product per capita, human population density, and area have higher established alien richness, with strongest effects emerging for islands. Ants and reptiles, birds and mammals, and vascular plants and spiders form pairs of taxonomic groups with the highest spatial congruence in established alien richness, but drivers explaining richness differ between the taxa in each pair. Across all taxonomic groups, our results highlight the need to prioritize prevention of further alien species introductions to island and coastal mainland regions globally.
14. Borneo, fANTastique!
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Brian Fisher, Guénard, B., and Robson, S.
15. Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools
- Author
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Seebens, H, Blackburn, TM, Dyer, EE, Genovesi, P, Hulme, Philip, Jeschke, JM, Pagad, S, Pyšek, P, van Kleunen, M, Winter, M, Ansong, M, Arianoutsou, M, Bacher, S, Blasius, B, Brockerhoff, EG, Brundu, G, Capinha, C, Causton, CE, Celesti-Grapow, L, Dawson, W, Dullinger, S, Economo, EP, Fuentes, N, Guénard, B, Jäger, H, Kartesz, J, Kenis, M, Kühn, I, Lenzner, B, Liebhold, AM, Mosena, A, Moser, D, Nentwig, W, Nishino, M, Pearman, D, Pergl, J, Rabitsch, W, Rojas-Sandoval, J, Roques, A, Rorke, S, Rossinelli, S, Roy, HE, Scalera, R, Schindler, S, Štajerová, K, Tokarska-Guzik, B, Walker, K, Ward, DF, Yamanaka, T, and Essl, F
- Published
- 2018
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16. Updated checklist with new records and molecular data for the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Hong Kong.
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Han S, Miot EF, Liao Y, Somboon P, Harbach RE, Sze-To KM, Tang LT, Guénard B, and Lam TT
- Abstract
An extensive mosquito survey was carried out in Hong Kong from September to October 2022, employing a variety of collection methods. Specimens were identified using a combination of morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcode sequences. Twenty-nine species, including three new records, i.e., Culex bicornutus (Theobald), Culex cinctellus Edwards, and Lutzia chiangmaiensis Somboon & Harbach, were collected. Phylogenetic analysis of COI sequences of Culex annulus Theobald and Culex vishnui Theobald collected in Hong Kong and elsewhere revealed that the sequences of the two nominal species are genetically very similar and are included in the same clade. Consequently, the synonymy of Cx. annulus with Cx. vishnui is reinstated. Lutzia halifaxii (Theobald) is removed from the list of species in Hong Kong and is replaced with Lutzia vorax Edwards, the identification of which is confirmed in the present study. The record of Culex spiculothorax Bram recorded in Hong Kong is replaced with the senior synonym Culex sasai Kano, Nitahara & Awaya. The occurrence of Anopheles fluviatilis James and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is discussed. Finally, an updated checklist of the mosquitoes of Hong Kong, which now includes 76 species representing 14 genera, is provided, with notation of those species that vector pathogens of human diseases., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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17. Global biogeographic regions for ants have complex relationships with those for plants and tetrapods.
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Wang R, Kass JM, Chaudhary C, Economo EP, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Ants physiology, Phylogeny, Biodiversity, Plants classification, Phylogeography
- Abstract
On a global scale, biodiversity is geographically structured into regions of biotic similarity. Delineating these regions has been mostly targeted for tetrapods and plants, but those for hyperdiverse groups such as insects are relatively unknown. Insects may have higher biogeographic congruence with plants than tetrapods due to their tight ecological and evolutionary links with the former, but it remains untested. Here, we develop a global regionalization for a major and widespread insect group, ants, based on the most comprehensive distributional and phylogenetic information to date, and examine its similarity to regionalizations for tetrapods and vascular plants. Our ant regionalization supports the newly proposed Madagascan and Sino-Japanese realms based on tetrapod delineations, and it recovers clusters observed in plants but not in tetrapods, such as the Holarctic and Indo-Pacific realms. Quantitative comparison suggests strong associations among different groups-plants showed a higher congruence with ants than with tetrapods. These results underscore the wide congruence of diverse distribution patterns across the tree of life and the similarities shared by insects and plants that are not captured by tetrapod groups. Our analysis highlights the importance of developing global biogeographic maps for insect groups to obtain a more comprehensive geographic picture of life on Earth., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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18. Regional invasion history and land use shape the prevalence of non-native species in local assemblages.
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Liu D, Essl F, Lenzner B, Moser D, Semenchuk P, Blackburn TM, Cassey P, Biancolini D, Capinha C, Dawson W, Dyer EE, Guénard B, Economo EP, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Rondinini C, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Purvis A, and Dullinger S
- Subjects
- Animals, Plants, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Introduced Species, Mammals, Birds
- Abstract
The ecological impact of non-native species arises from their establishment in local assemblages. However, the rates of non-native spread in new regions and their determinants have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined global databases documenting the occurrence of non-native species and residence of non-native birds, mammals, and vascular plants at regional and local scales to describe how the likelihood of non-native occurrence and their proportion in local assemblages relate with their residence time and levels of human usage in different ecosystems. Our findings reveal that local non-native occurrence generally increases with residence time. Colonization is most rapid in croplands and urban areas, while it is slower and variable in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. Notably, non-native occurrence continues to rise even 200 years after introduction, especially for birds and vascular plants, and in other land-use types rather than croplands and urban areas. The impact of residence time on non-native proportions is significant only for mammals. We conclude that the continental exchange of biotas requires considerable time for effects to manifest at the local scale across taxa and land-use types. The unpredictability of future impacts, implied by the slow spread of non-native species, strengthens the call for stronger regulations on the exchange of non-native species to reduce the long-lasting invasion debt looming on ecosystems' future., (© 2024 The Author(s). Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. The Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Formicidae, Ponerinae) of Hong Kong SAR with additional records from Guangdong, China.
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Hamer MT, Lee JHC, Tse CYL, Silva TSR, and Guénard B
- Abstract
Leptogenys is the most diverse genus of the ant subfamily Ponerinae and is widely distributed across the world's tropical and subtropical regions. More than 40 species are known from the Oriental realm displaying a wide range of ecologies, although their life history traits remain poorly understood, and new species are frequently discovered. Here, a faunal review of the genus from Hong Kong SAR, southern China is provided. A total of nine species are recorded, with one new species, Leptogenysgrohli Hamer, Lee & Guénard, sp. nov. described. Ecological and biogeographic information, including new information on reproductive modes for two species are provided with the ergatoids of L.binghamii Forel, 1900 and L.rufida Zhou et al., 2012 described. Additional records for five of these species within the neighbouring province of Guangdong are also provided. Finally, an illustrated key to species known from Hong Kong is presented, as well as notes on each species' distribution, ecology, and behaviour. An updated provincial distributional checklist of the Leptogenys species of Mainland China and Taiwan is also supplied., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Matthew T. Hamer, Jonathan Hon Chung Lee, Cheung Yau Leo Tse, Thiago S. R. Silva, Benoit Guénard.)
- Published
- 2024
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20. Generalized mutualisms promote range expansion in both plant and ant partners.
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Nathan P, Economo EP, Guénard B, Simonsen AK, and Frederickson ME
- Subjects
- Animals, Symbiosis, Phenotype, Probability, Ants, Fabaceae
- Abstract
Mutualism improves organismal fitness, but strong dependence on another species can also limit a species' ability to thrive in a new range if its partner is absent. We assembled a large, global dataset on mutualistic traits and species ranges to investigate how multiple plant-animal and plant-microbe mutualisms affect the spread of legumes and ants to novel ranges. We found that generalized mutualisms increase the likelihood that a species establishes and thrives beyond its native range, whereas specialized mutualisms either do not affect or reduce non-native spread. This pattern held in both legumes and ants, indicating that specificity between mutualistic partners is a key determinant of ecological success in a new habitat. Our global analysis shows that mutualism plays an important, if often overlooked, role in plant and insect invasions.
- Published
- 2023
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21. The role of body mass in limiting post heat-coma recovery ability in terrestrial ectotherms.
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Leong CM, Hui TY, and Guénard B
- Abstract
Under global warming, animal species show shrinking body size responses, cascading deep changes in community structure and ecosystem functions. Although the exact physiological mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unsolved, smaller individuals may benefit from warming climate more than larger ones. Heat-coma, a physiological state with severe consequences on locomotion ability, is often considered as an "ecological death" scenario under which individuals are unable to escape and exposed to predation, further heat injury, and other hazards. Species are expected to increasingly encounter heat-coma temperature thresholds under warming climate, and body size may be an important trait for thermoregulation in particular for ectotherms. The relationship between heat-coma and shrinking body size remains, however, unclear. Yet, recovery after short-term heat-coma is possible, but little is known about its importance in thermal adaptation and how organismal size correlates with post heat-coma recovery. Here, using ants as a model system, we firstly examined the fate of heat-comatose individuals under field conditions to quantify the ecological benefits of post heat-coma recovery. Then, we quantified ants' recovery ability after heat-coma using a dynamic thermal assay in the laboratory and asked if thermal resilience varies between species with different body mass. Our results confirm that heat-coma represents an inherent ecological death where individuals failed to recover from coma suffer strong predation pressure. Additionally, following phylogenetic signals inclusion, organisms with small mass were more likely to recover, supporting the temperature-size rule in thermal adaptation and recent studies showing a decrease in body size composition of ectotherm community under warmer climatic conditions. Body size as a fundamental trait in ecology thus affects ectotherm survival under thermal stress, which may drive species body size adaptations and community composition under future warming scenarios., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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22. A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan.
- Author
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Silva TSR, Hamer MT, and Guénard B
- Abstract
Species of the ant genus Nylanderia constitute some of the most common ground dwelling Formicinae in tropical and subtropical areas. The genus includes numerous species introduced into new regions, especially within urban or disturbed environments. Here, we review the Nylanderia species found within Hong Kong and Macao, which are both highly urbanized regions and of critical importance to Southern China's policy-makers and non-governmental actors concerned with the regional spread of non-native species. A total of 11 species and 2 morphospecies are recorded in Hong Kong and 6 species and 2 morphospecies are recorded in Macao. We also provide a list of new records for the genus in Hong Kong and Macao, along with taxonomic accounts for all the species recorded. Additionally, the present work provides an illustrated identification key for the species of Nylanderia occurring in Southeast Mainland China and Taiwan. We briefly discuss the possible biogeographical implications of our findings, providing additional support to the exotic status of N. bourbonica in continental Southeast Asia. Lastly, we give our perspective on the ramifications of local inaccessibility to type specimens to current taxonomic practices.
- Published
- 2023
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23. The impact of land use on non-native species incidence and number in local assemblages worldwide.
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Liu D, Semenchuk P, Essl F, Lenzner B, Moser D, Blackburn TM, Cassey P, Biancolini D, Capinha C, Dawson W, Dyer EE, Guénard B, Economo EP, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Nentwig W, Rondinini C, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Purvis A, and Dullinger S
- Subjects
- Animals, Introduced Species, Incidence, Biodiversity, Mammals, Ecosystem, Ants
- Abstract
While the regional distribution of non-native species is increasingly well documented for some taxa, global analyses of non-native species in local assemblages are still missing. Here, we use a worldwide collection of assemblages from five taxa - ants, birds, mammals, spiders and vascular plants - to assess whether the incidence, frequency and proportions of naturalised non-native species depend on type and intensity of land use. In plants, assemblages of primary vegetation are least invaded. In the other taxa, primary vegetation is among the least invaded land-use types, but one or several other types have equally low levels of occurrence, frequency and proportions of non-native species. High land use intensity is associated with higher non-native incidence and frequency in primary vegetation, while intensity effects are inconsistent for other land-use types. These findings highlight the potential dual role of unused primary vegetation in preserving native biodiversity and in conferring resistance against biological invasions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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24. GABI-I: The global ant biodiversity informatics-island database.
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Liu C, Economo EP, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecology, Biodiversity, Ants
- Abstract
Island systems are known to harbor disproportionate amounts of geographically restricted biodiversity and to experience high rates of species loss, and they ultimately represent critical systems with significant conservation values. However, knowledge of the biodiversity value of insular systems remains highly fragmented and incomplete for many groups of organisms, especially insects. This gap limits our understanding of their global significance for biodiversity and inhibits prioritization for future exploration and conservation efforts. Here, we developed a new database to present current knowledge on ants on 2678 islands globally, based on nominal species, and provide information on their native or exotic status. In total, this database contains 7010 ant species (44.6% of the known global ant fauna) that have been recorded on islands globally from 449,232 records. In addition, this database identifies 108 large islands (area > 200 km
2 ) that have received no ant sampling efforts globally. This new data set provides the most comprehensive understanding of ant diversity and composition on islands globally, opening up new opportunities to address questions on a multitude of research questions and fields related to biogeography, ecology, and evolution. This data set also provides a roadmap for future exploration and conservation actions in connection with ants on islands as well as overall ant diversity, with updates available as new records and taxonomic updates are published. There are no copyright restrictions on this database and users should cite this data paper in publications when using the data., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)- Published
- 2023
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25. The global spread and invasion capacities of alien ants.
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Wong MKL, Economo EP, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Introduced Species, Ants physiology
- Abstract
Many alien species are neither cultivated nor traded but spread unintentionally, and their global movements, capacities to invade ecosystems, and susceptibility to detection by biosecurity measures are poorly known.
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 We addressed these key knowledge gaps for ants, a ubiquitous group of stowaway and contaminant organisms that include some of the world's most damaging invasive species.5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 We assembled a dataset of over 146,000 occurrence records to comprehensively map the human-mediated spread of 520 alien ant species across 525 regions globally. From descriptions of the environments in which species were collected within individual regions-such as in imported cargoes, buildings, and outdoor settings-we determined whether different barriers to invasion had been overcome11 and classified alien ant species under three levels of invasion capacity corresponding to increasing biosecurity threat. We found that alien species of different invasion capacities had different sources and sinks globally. For instance, although the diversity of indoor-confined species peaked in the Palearctic realm, that of species able to establish outdoors peaked in the Nearctic and Oceanian realms, and these mainly originated from the Neotropical and Oriental realms. We also found that border interceptions worldwide missed two-thirds of alien species with naturalization capacity, many associated with litter and soil. Our study documents the vast spread of alien ants globally while highlighting avenues for more targeted biosecurity responses, such as prioritizing the screening of imports from regions that are diversity hotspots for species of high invasion capacity and improving the detection of cryptic alien invertebrates dwelling in substrates., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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26. Species richness of bat flies and their associations with host bats in a subtropical East Asian region.
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Poon ESK, Chen G, Tsang HY, Shek CT, Tsui WC, Zhao H, Guénard B, and Sin SYW
- Subjects
- Animals, Asia, Eastern, Host Specificity, Host-Parasite Interactions, Phylogeny, Chiroptera, Diptera genetics
- Abstract
Background: Understanding the interactions between bat flies and host bats offer us fundamental insights into the coevolutionary and ecological processes in host-parasite relationships. Here, we investigated the identities, host specificity, and patterns of host association of bat flies in a subtropical region in East Asia, which is an understudied region for bat fly research., Methods: We used both morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding to identify the bat fly species found on 11 cavernicolous bat species from five bat families inhabiting Hong Kong. We first determined the phylogenetic relationships among bat fly species. Then, we elucidated the patterns of bat-bat fly associations and calculated the host specificity of each bat fly species. Furthermore, we assembled the mitogenomes of three bat fly species from two families (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) to contribute to the limited bat fly genetic resources available., Results: We examined 641 individuals of bat flies and found 20 species, of which many appeared to be new to science. Species of Nycteribiidae included five Nycteribia spp., three Penicillidia spp., two Phthiridium spp., one Basilia sp., and one species from a hitherto unknown genus, whereas Streblidae included Brachytarsina amboinensis, three Raymondia spp., and four additional Brachytarsina spp. Our bat-bat fly association network shows that certain closely related bat flies within Nycteribiidae and Streblidae only parasitized host bat species that are phylogenetically more closely related. For example, congenerics of Raymondia only parasitized hosts in Rhinolophus and Hipposideros, which are in two closely related families in Rhinolophoidea, but not other distantly related co-roosting species. A wide spectrum of host specificity of these bat fly species was also revealed, with some bat fly species being strictly monoxenous, e.g. nycteribiid Nycteribia sp. A, Phthiridium sp. A, and streblid Raymondia sp. A, while streblid B. amboinensis is polyxenous., Conclusions: The bat fly diversity and specificity uncovered in this study have shed light on the complex bat-bat fly ecology in the region, but more bat-parasite association studies are still needed in East Asian regions like China as a huge number of unknown species likely exists. We highly recommend the use of DNA barcoding to support morphological identification to reveal accurate host-ectoparasite relationships for future studies., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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27. Ant communities in disturbed subtropical landscapes: is climate more important than stochastic processes?
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Nooten SS and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Climate, Stochastic Processes, Ants
- Abstract
Functional trait-based approaches have provided advances in the understanding of community assembly rules. Broad generalisations remain, however, limited due to the idiosyncratic nature of taxa and ecosystems, especially in tropical regions. We use fine scale resolution (30 m grid) environmental variables and community surveys from nearly 100 secondary tropical forest sites to study niche-based or neutral assembly mechanisms in ground dwelling ants. This provides a unique opportunity for understanding fine scale drivers of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in a region characterized by large topographic and climatic differences on a relatively small geographic scale. Precipitation emerged as the most consistent environmental correlate, in shaping taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional aspects of the communities. Functional diversity was weakly associated with topography and temperature related variables. The fourth corner model revealed that femur, scape and mandible length were key traits in response to precipitation, and that communities showed a functional homogenization towards shorter appendages at wetter sites. Our results suggest that neutral and deterministic assembly processes act in concert to shape the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional aspects of leaf litter ant assemblages. The use of multiple complementary metrics and approaches along environmental gradients are powerful to reveal the subtilities of assembly processes and provide insight into the ways future communities might change., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2022
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28. The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth.
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Schultheiss P, Nooten SS, Wang R, Wong MKL, Brassard F, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animals, Earth, Planet, Humans, Mammals, Population Density, Ants, Biomass, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of organisms is fundamental to understanding their roles within ecosystems and their ecological importance for other taxa. Such knowledge is currently lacking for insects, which have long been regarded as the "little things that run the world". Even for ubiquitous insects, such as ants, which are of tremendous ecological significance, there is currently neither a reliable estimate of their total number on Earth nor of their abundance in particular biomes or habitats. We compile data on ground-dwelling and arboreal ants to obtain an empirical estimate of global ant abundance. Our analysis is based on 489 studies, spanning all continents, major biomes, and habitats. We conservatively estimate total abundance of ground-dwelling ants at over 3 × 10
15 and estimate the number of all ants on Earth to be almost 20 × 1015 individuals. The latter corresponds to a biomass of ∼12 megatons of dry carbon. This exceeds the combined biomass of wild birds and mammals and is equivalent to ∼20% of human biomass. Abundances of ground-dwelling ants are strongly concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions but vary substantially across habitats. The density of leaf-litter ants is highest in forests, while the numbers of actively ground-foraging ants are highest in arid regions. This study highlights the central role ants play in terrestrial ecosystems but also major ecological and geographic gaps in our current knowledge. Our results provide a crucial baseline for exploring environmental drivers of ant-abundance patterns and for tracking the responses of insects to environmental change.- Published
- 2022
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29. The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity.
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Kass JM, Guénard B, Dudley KL, Jenkins CN, Azuma F, Fisher BL, Parr CL, Gibb H, Longino JT, Ward PS, Chao A, Lubertazzi D, Weiser M, Jetz W, Guralnick R, Blatrix R, Lauriers JD, Donoso DA, Georgiadis C, Gomez K, Hawkes PG, Johnson RA, Lattke JE, MacGown JA, Mackay W, Robson S, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, and Economo EP
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Invertebrates, Phylogeny, Vertebrates, Ants physiology
- Abstract
Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning and services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns and their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve the first high-resolution (~20-km) global diversity map for a major invertebrate clade, ants, using biodiversity informatics, range modeling, and machine learning to synthesize existing knowledge and predict the distribution of undiscovered diversity. We find that ants and different vertebrate groups have distinct features in their patterns of richness and rarity, underscoring the need to consider a diversity of taxa in conservation. However, despite their phylogenetic and physiological divergence, ant distributions are not highly anomalous relative to variation among vertebrate clades. Furthermore, our models predict that rarity centers largely overlap (78%), suggesting that general forces shape endemism patterns across taxa. This raises confidence that conservation of areas important for small-ranged vertebrates will benefit invertebrates while providing a "treasure map" to guide future discovery.
- Published
- 2022
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30. Trait-mediated competition drives an ant invasion and alters functional diversity.
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Wong MKL, Lee RH, Leong CM, Lewis OT, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Size, Ecosystem, Phenotype, Ants physiology
- Abstract
The assumption that differences in species' traits reflect their different niches has long influenced how ecologists infer processes from assemblage patterns. For instance, many assess the importance of environmental filtering versus classical limiting-similarity competition in driving biological invasions by examining whether invaders' traits are similar or dissimilar to those of residents, respectively. However, mounting evidence suggests that hierarchical differences between species' trait values can distinguish their competitive abilities (e.g. for the same resource) instead of their niches. Whether such trait-mediated hierarchical competition explains invasions and structures assemblages is less explored. We integrate morphological, dietary, physiological and behavioural trait analyses to test whether environmental filtering, limiting-similarity competition or hierarchical competition explain invasions by fire ants on ant assemblages. We detect both competition mechanisms; invasion success is not only explained by limiting similarity in body size and thermal tolerance (presumably allowing the invader to exploit different niches from residents), but also by the invader's superior position in trait hierarchies reflecting competition for common trophic resources. We find that the two mechanisms generate complex assemblage-level functional diversity patterns-overdispersion in some traits, clustering in others-suggesting their effects are likely missed by analyses restricted to a few traits and composite trait diversity measures.
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- 2022
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31. Diversity begets diversity: Low resource heterogeneity reduces the diversity of nut-nesting ants in rubber plantations.
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Miao BG, Peng YQ, Yang DR, Guénard B, and Liu C
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Nuts, Phylogeny, Rubber, Ants
- Abstract
One of the most general patterns in ecology is the positive relationship between environmental heterogeneity and local diversity. On the one hand, increased resource heterogeneity provides more resources for diverse consumers in the community. On the other hand, increased structural heterogeneity creates variation in the environment's physical structure, thus allowing the coexistence of diverse species with different environmental requirements. Here, we examined the relative importance of resource and structural heterogeneity in determining the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of nut-nesting ants in natural rainforest and rubber plantation. The species richness of nut-nesting ants was 70% higher in rainforest than in rubber plantation. The clustered functional and phylogenetic structure in rubber plantation suggested a strong effect of environmental filtering in shaping ant functional and phylogenetic structure. Nesting heterogeneity (nut diversity) was the major factor explaining variation in taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, suggesting that resource heterogeneity plays a major role in shaping the biodiversity patterns of nut-nesting ants. Overall, these results indicate that decreased resource diversity following the conversion of rainforest to rubber plantation can drive biodiversity loss in nut-nesting ants, through its effect on reducing both ant species, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. The decline in species richness and functional and phylogenetic diversity in the local ant community might have major effects on ecosystem functioning., (© 2021 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)
- Published
- 2022
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32. Global maps of soil temperature.
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Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecký M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardö J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barančok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Benito Alonso JL, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Björk RG, Björkman MP, Björnsdóttir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Brůna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova-Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Čiliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dušek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Fernández Calzado MR, Fernández-Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes-Lillo E, García RA, García MB, Géron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guénard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederová L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffrén R, Homeier J, Hörtnagl L, Høye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz-Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Järveoja J, Jastrzębowski S, Jentsch A, Jiménez JJ, Jónsdóttir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kašpar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollár J, Kotowska MM, Kovács B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, le Maire G, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Máliš F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RCG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, Moriana-Armendariz M, Morra di Cella U, Mörsdorf M, Mosedale JR, Muffler L, Muñoz-Rojas M, Myers JA, Myers-Smith IH, Nagy L, Nardino M, Naujokaitis-Lewis I, Newling E, Nicklas L, Niedrist G, Niessner A, Nilsson MB, Normand S, Nosetto MD, Nouvellon Y, Nuñez MA, Ogaya R, Ogée J, Okello J, Olejnik J, Olesen JE, Opedal ØH, Orsenigo S, Palaj A, Pampuch T, Panov AV, Pärtel M, Pastor A, Pauchard A, Pauli H, Pavelka M, Pearse WD, Peichl M, Pellissier L, Penczykowski RM, Penuelas J, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Phartyal SS, Phoenix GK, Pio C, Pitacco A, Pitteloud C, Plichta R, Porro F, Portillo-Estrada M, Poulenard J, Poyatos R, Prokushkin AS, Puchalka R, Pușcaș M, Radujković D, Randall K, Ratier Backes A, Remmele S, Remmers W, Renault D, Risch AC, Rixen C, Robinson SA, Robroek BJM, Rocha AV, Rossi C, Rossi G, Roupsard O, Rubtsov AV, Saccone P, Sagot C, Sallo Bravo J, Santos CC, Sarneel JM, Scharnweber T, Schmeddes J, Schmidt M, Scholten T, Schuchardt M, Schwartz N, Scott T, Seeber J, Segalin de Andrade AC, Seipel T, Semenchuk P, Senior RA, Serra-Diaz JM, Sewerniak P, Shekhar A, Sidenko NV, Siebicke L, Siegwart Collier L, Simpson E, Siqueira DP, Sitková Z, Six J, Smiljanic M, Smith SW, Smith-Tripp S, Somers B, Sørensen MV, Souza JJLL, Souza BI, Souza Dias A, Spasojevic MJ, Speed JDM, Spicher F, Stanisci A, Steinbauer K, Steinbrecher R, Steinwandter M, Stemkovski M, Stephan JG, Stiegler C, Stoll S, Svátek M, Svoboda M, Tagesson T, Tanentzap AJ, Tanneberger F, Theurillat JP, Thomas HJD, Thomas AD, Tielbörger K, Tomaselli M, Treier UA, Trouillier M, Turtureanu PD, Tutton R, Tyystjärvi VA, Ueyama M, Ujházy K, Ujházyová M, Uogintas D, Urban AV, Urban J, Urbaniak M, Ursu TM, Vaccari FP, Van de Vondel S, van den Brink L, Van Geel M, Vandvik V, Vangansbeke P, Varlagin A, Veen GF, Veenendaal E, Venn SE, Verbeeck H, Verbrugggen E, Verheijen FGA, Villar L, Vitale L, Vittoz P, Vives-Ingla M, von Oppen J, Walz J, Wang R, Wang Y, Way RG, Wedegärtner REM, Weigel R, Wild J, Wilkinson M, Wilmking M, Wingate L, Winkler M, Wipf S, Wohlfahrt G, Xenakis G, Yang Y, Yu Z, Yu K, Zellweger F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Ziemblińska K, Zimmermann R, Zong S, Zyryanov VI, Nijs I, and Lenoir J
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Microclimate, Temperature, Ecosystem, Soil
- Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km
2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications., (© 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2022
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33. Testing the reliability and ecological implications of ramping rates in the measurement of Critical Thermal maximum.
- Author
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Leong CM, Tsang TPN, and Guénard B
- Subjects
- Acclimatization, Animals, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Reproducibility of Results, Temperature, Ants physiology
- Abstract
Critical Thermal maximum (CTmax) is often used to characterize the upper thermal limits of organisms and represents a key trait for evaluating the fitness of ectotherms. The lack of standardization in CTmax assays has, however, introduced methodological problems in its measurement, which can lead to questionable estimates of species' upper thermal limits. Focusing on ants, which are model organisms for research on thermal ecology, we aim to obtain a reliable ramping rate that will yield the most rigorous measures of CTmax for the most species. After identifying three commonly used ramping rates (i.e., 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0°C min-1) in the literature, we experimentally determine their effects on the CTmax values of 27 species measured using dynamic assays. Next, we use static assays to evaluate the accuracy of these values in function of the time of exposure. Finally, we use field observations of species' foraging activities across a wide range of ground temperatures to identify the most biologically relevant CTmax values and to develop a standardized method. Our results demonstrate that the use of a 1°C min-1 ramping rate in dynamic assays yields the most reliable CTmax values for comparing ant species' upper thermal limits, which are further validated in static assays and field observations. We further illustrate how methodological biases in physiological trait measurements can affect subsequent analyses and conclusions on community comparisons between strata and habitats, and the detection of phylogenetic signal (Pagel's λ and Bloomberg's K). Overall, our study presents a methodological framework for identifying a reliable and standardized ramping rate to measure CTmax in ants, which can be applied to other ectotherms. Particular attention should be given to CTmax values obtained with less suitable ramping rates, and the potential biases they may introduce to trait-based research on global warming and habitat conversion, as well as inferences about phylogenetic conservatism., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2022
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34. Warm and arid regions of the world are hotspots of superorganism complexity.
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La Richelière F, Muñoz G, Guénard B, Dunn RR, Economo EP, Powell S, Sanders NJ, Weiser MD, Abouheif E, and Lessard JP
- Subjects
- Animals, Desert Climate, Neurons, Phenotype, Ants genetics
- Abstract
Biologists have long been fascinated by the processes that give rise to phenotypic complexity of organisms, yet whether there exist geographical hotspots of phenotypic complexity remains poorly explored. Phenotypic complexity can be readily observed in ant colonies, which are superorganisms with morphologically differentiated queen and worker castes analogous to the germline and soma of multicellular organisms. Several ant species have evolved 'worker polymorphism', where workers in a single colony show quantifiable differences in size and head-to-body scaling. Here, we use 256 754 occurrence points from 8990 ant species to investigate the geography of worker polymorphism. We show that arid regions of the world are the hotspots of superorganism complexity. Tropical savannahs and deserts, which are typically species-poor relative to tropical or even temperate forests, harbour the highest densities of polymorphic ants. We discuss the possible adaptive advantages that worker polymorphism provides in arid environments. Our work may provide a window into the environmental conditions that promote the emergence of highly complex phenotypes.
- Published
- 2022
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35. ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America.
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Silva RR, Martello F, Feitosa RM, Silva OGM, do Prado LP, Brandão CRF, de Albuquerque EZ, Morini MSC, Delabie JHC, Dos Santos Monteiro EC, Emanuel Oliveira Alves A, Wild AL, Christianini AV, Arnhold A, Casadei Ferreira A, Oliveira AM, Santos AD, Galbán A, de Oliveira AA, Subtil AGM, Dias AM, de Carvalho Campos AE, Waldschimidt AM, Freitas AVL, Avalos AN, Meyer ALS, Sánchez-Restrepo AF, Suarez AV, Souza AS, Queiroz ACM, Mayhé-Nunes AJ, da Cruz Reis A, Lopes BC, Guénard B, Trad BM, Caitano B, Yagound B, Pereira-Silva B, Fisher BL, Tavares BLP, Moraes BB, Filgueiras BKC, Guarda C, Ribas CR, Cereto CE, Esbérard CEL, Schaefer CEGR, Paris CI, Bueno C, Lasmar CJ, da Costa-Milanez CB, Lutinski CJ, Ortiz-Sepulveda CM, Wazema CT, Mariano CSF, Barrera CA, Klunk CL, Santana DO, Larrea D, Rother DC, Souza-Campana DR, Kayano DY, Alves DL, Assis DS, Anjos D, França ECB, Santos EF, Silva EA, Santos ÉV, Koch EB, Siqueira ELS, Almeida ÉA, Araujo ES, Villarreal E, Becker E, de Oliveira Canedo-Júnior E, Santos-Neto EA, Economo EP, Araújo-Oliveira ÉS, Cuezzo F, Magalhães FS, Neves FM, Rosumek FB, Dorneles FE, Noll FB, Arruda FV, Esteves FA, Ramos FN, Garcia FRM, de Castro FS, Serna F, Marcineiro FR, Neves FS, do Nascimento GB, de Figueiredo Jacintho G, Camacho GP, Ribeiro GT, Lourenço GM, Soares GR, Castilho GA, Alves GP, Zurita GA, Machado Santos GH, Onody HC, Oliveira HS, Vasconcelos HL, Paulino-Neto HF, Brant H, Rismo Coelho I, de Melo Teles E Gomes IJ, Leal IR, Dos Santos IA, Santos ICS, Fernandes IO, Nascimento IC, Queiroz JM, Lattke JE, Majer J, Schoereder JH, Dantas JO, Andrade-Silva J, Díaz Guastavino JM, Silveira Dos Santos J, Filloy J, Chaul JCM, Lutinski JA, Carvalho KS, Ramos KS, Sampaio KLS, Ribeiro LAM, Sousa-Souto L, Paolucci LN, Elizalde L, Podgaiski LR, Chifflet L, Carvalho-Leite LJ, Calcaterra LA, Macedo-Reis LE, Magnago LFS, Madureira MS, Silva MM, Pie MR, Uehara-Prado M, Pizo MA, Pesquero MA, Carneiro MAF, Busato MA, de Almeida MFB, Bellocq MI, Tibcherani M, Casimiro MS, Ronque MUV, da Costa MMS, Angotti MA, de Oliveira MV, Leponce M, Imata MMG, de Oliveira Martins MF, Antunes Ulysséa M, do Espirito Santo NB, Ladino López NM, Balbino NS, da Silva NS, Safar NVH, de Andrade PL, Camargo PHSA, Oliveira PS, Dodonov P, Luna P, Ward PS, Hanisch PE, Silva PS, Divieso R, Carvalho RL, Campos RBF, Antoniazzi R, Vicente RE, Giovenardi R, Campos RI, Solar RRC, Fujihara RT, de Jesus Santos R, Fagundes R, Guerrero RJ, Probst RS, de Jesus RS, Silvestre R, López-Muñoz RA, de Souza Ferreira-Châline R, Almeida RPS, de Mello Pinto S, Santoandré S, Althoff SL, Ribeiro SP, Jory T, Fernandes TT, de Oliveira Andrade T, Pereira TPL, Gonçalves-Souza T, da Silva TSR, Silva VNG, Lopez VM, Tonetti VR, Nacagava VAF, Oliveira VM, Dáttilo W, DaRocha W, Franco W, Dröse W, Antonialli W, and Ribeiro MC
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Soil, South America, Ecosystem, Forests
- Abstract
Ants, an ecologically successful and numerically dominant group of animals, play key ecological roles as soil engineers, predators, nutrient recyclers, and regulators of plant growth and reproduction in most terrestrial ecosystems. Further, ants are widely used as bioindicators of the ecological impact of land use. We gathered information of ant species in the Atlantic Forest of South America. The ATLANTIC ANTS data set, which is part of the ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, is a compilation of ant records from collections (18,713 records), unpublished data (29,651 records), and published sources (106,910 records; 1,059 references), including papers, theses, dissertations, and book chapters published from 1886 to 2020. In total, the data set contains 153,818 ant records from 7,636 study locations in the Atlantic Forest, representing 10 subfamilies, 99 genera, 1,114 ant species identified with updated taxonomic certainty, and 2,235 morphospecies codes. Our data set reflects the heterogeneity in ant records, which include ants sampled at the beginning of the taxonomic history of myrmecology (the 19th and 20th centuries) and more recent ant surveys designed to address specific questions in ecology and biology. The data set can be used by researchers to develop strategies to deal with different macroecological and region-wide questions, focusing on assemblages, species occurrences, and distribution patterns. Furthermore, the data can be used to assess the consequences of changes in land use in the Atlantic Forest on different ecological processes. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set, but we request that authors cite this data paper when using these data in publications or teaching events., (© 2021 The Authors. Ecology © 2021 The Ecological Society of America.)
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- 2022
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36. Mangroves are an overlooked hotspot of insect diversity despite low plant diversity.
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Yeo D, Srivathsan A, Puniamoorthy J, Maosheng F, Grootaert P, Chan L, Guénard B, Damken C, Wahab RA, Yuchen A, and Meier R
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Forests, Wetlands, Biodiversity, Insecta, Plants
- Abstract
Background: The world's fast disappearing mangrove forests have low plant diversity and are often assumed to also have a species-poor insect fauna. We here compare the tropical arthropod fauna across a freshwater swamp and six different forest types (rain-, swamp, dry-coastal, urban, freshwater swamp, mangroves) based on 140,000 barcoded specimens belonging to ca. 8500 species., Results: We find that the globally imperiled habitat "mangroves" is an overlooked hotspot for insect diversity. Our study reveals a species-rich mangrove insect fauna (>3000 species in Singapore alone) that is distinct (>50% of species are mangrove-specific) and has high species turnover across Southeast and East Asia. For most habitats, plant diversity is a good predictor of insect diversity, but mangroves are an exception and compensate for a comparatively low number of phytophagous and fungivorous insect species by supporting an unusually rich community of predators whose larvae feed in the productive mudflats. For the remaining tropical habitats, the insect communities have diversity patterns that are largely congruent across guilds., Conclusions: The discovery of such a sizeable and distinct insect fauna in a globally threatened habitat underlines how little is known about global insect biodiversity. We here show how such knowledge gaps can be closed quickly with new cost-effective NGS barcoding techniques., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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37. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot.
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Liu C, Fischer G, Hita Garcia F, Yamane S, Liu Q, Peng YQ, Economo EP, Guénard B, and Pierce NE
- Abstract
China's Hengduan Mountain region has been considered one of the most diverse regions in the northern hemisphere. Its stunning topography with many deep valleys and impassable mountain barriers has promoted an astonishing diversification in many groups of organisms including plants, birds, mammals, and amphibians. However, the insect biodiversity in this region is still poorly known. Here, the first checklist of ant species from the Southern Hengduan Mountain region is presented, generated by sampling ant diversity using a wide array of collection methods, including Winkler leaf litter extraction, vegetation beating, and hand collection. 130 species/morphospecies from nine subfamilies and 49 genera were identified. Among them, 17 species from 13 genera represent new records for Yunnan province, and eight species are newly recorded for China. Moreover, we believe 41 novel morphospecies (31% of the total collected taxa) will prove to be new to science. These results highlight the rich ant fauna of this region and strongly support its status as a biodiversity hotspot. The current ant species checklist for the whole of Yunnan Province was updated by recording 550 named species from 99 genera. Taken together, our results suggest that the Yunnan ant fauna still remains under-sampled, and future sampling will likely yield many more species, among them many undescribed ones., (Cong Liu, Georg Fischer, Francisco Hita Garcia, Seiki Yamane, Qing Liu, Yan Qiong Peng, Evan P. Economo, Benoit Guénard, Naomi E. Pierce.)
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- 2020
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38. A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area.
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Brassard F, Leong CM, Chan HH, and Guénard B
- Abstract
In the past few decades, sampling of leaf litter with Winkler extractors revealed how abundant and ubiquitous ants from the genus Strumigenys are. It is now known that this genus has the third greatest number of species within the Formicidae family. However, very few subterranean species are known, which may be due to the current under-sampling of the soil stratum. Here, a holistic sampling approach, including the use of subterranean traps, was employed in Macao SAR, China. Subterranean traps allowed the collection of a new cryptic ant species: Strumigenys subterranea Brassard, Leong & Guénard, sp. nov. Moreover, extensive sampling of the leaf litter in secondary forests provided four new species records for the genus. The list of Macanese Strumigenys is here updated, elevating the known diversity in Macao to nine species. Furthermore, to facilitate further research on ants of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a key to the 29 Strumigenys species known from the region is provided. Lastly, recommendations for sampling methods to assess ant biodiversity underground are discussed. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of using extensive sampling methods, and suggests that relatively small patches of secondary forests within cities can hold a surprisingly high diversity as well as some undescribed species., (François Brassard, Chi-Man Leong, Hoi-Hou Chan, Benoit Guénard.)
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- 2020
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39. The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sri Lanka: a taxonomic research summary and updated checklist.
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Dias RKS, Guénard B, Akbar SA, Economo EP, Udayakantha WS, and Wachkoo AA
- Abstract
An updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sri Lanka is presented. These include representatives of eleven of the 17 known extant subfamilies with 341 valid ant species in 79 genera. Lioponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879 is reported as a new species country record for Sri Lanka. Notes about type localities, depositories, and relevant references to each species record are given. Accounts of the dubious and some undetermined species from Sri Lanka are also provided. 82 species (24%) are endemic whereas 18 species that are non-native to Sri Lanka are recorded. The list provides a synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out to date and will serve as a baseline for future studies on the ant fauna of this biodiversity hotspot., (Ratnayake Kaluarachchige Sriyani Dias, Benoit Guénard, Shahid Ali Akbar, Evan P. Economo, Warnakulasuriyage Sudesh Udayakantha, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo.)
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- 2020
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40. Genomic Signature of Shifts in Selection in a Subalpine Ant and Its Physiological Adaptations.
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Cicconardi F, Krapf P, D'Annessa I, Gamisch A, Wagner HC, Nguyen AD, Economo EP, Mikheyev AS, Guénard B, Grabherr R, Andesner P, Wolfgang A, Di Marino D, Steiner FM, and Schlick-Steiner BC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cold Climate, Heat-Shock Proteins genetics, Acclimatization genetics, Ants genetics, Biological Evolution, Genome, Insect, Selection, Genetic
- Abstract
Understanding how organisms adapt to extreme environments is fundamental and can provide insightful case studies for both evolutionary biology and climate-change biology. Here, we take advantage of the vast diversity of lifestyles in ants to identify genomic signatures of adaptation to extreme habitats such as high altitude. We hypothesized two parallel patterns would occur in a genome adapting to an extreme habitat: 1) strong positive selection on genes related to adaptation and 2) a relaxation of previous purifying selection. We tested this hypothesis by sequencing the high-elevation specialist Tetramorium alpestre and four other phylogenetically related species. In support of our hypothesis, we recorded a strong shift of selective forces in T. alpestre, in particular a stronger magnitude of diversifying and relaxed selection when compared with all other ants. We further disentangled candidate molecular adaptations in both gene expression and protein-coding sequence that were identified by our genome-wide analyses. In particular, we demonstrate that T. alpestre has 1) a higher level of expression for stv and other heat-shock proteins in chill-shock tests and 2) enzymatic enhancement of Hex-T1, a rate-limiting regulatory enzyme that controls the entry of glucose into the glycolytic pathway. Together, our analyses highlight the adaptive molecular changes that support colonization of high-altitude environments., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
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- 2020
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41. Omnivorous ants are less carnivorous and more protein-limited in exotic plantations.
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Tsang TPN, Guénard B, and Bonebrake TC
- Subjects
- Animals, Ecosystem, Food Chain, Forests, Invertebrates, Ants
- Abstract
Diets of species are crucial in determining how they influence food webs and community structures, and how their populations are regulated by different bottom-up processes. Omnivores are able to adjust their diet flexibly according to environmental conditions, such that their impacts on food webs and communities, and the macronutrients constraining their population, can be plastic. In particular, omnivore diets are known to be influenced by prey availability, which exhibits high spatial and temporal variation. To examine the plasticity of diet and macronutrient limitation in omnivores, we compared trophic positions, macronutrient preferences and food exploitation rates of omnivorous ants in invertebrate-rich (secondary forests) and invertebrate-poor (Lophostemon confertus plantations) habitats. We hypothesized that omnivorous ants would have lower trophic positions, enhanced protein limitation and reduced food exploitation rates in L. confertus plantations relative to secondary forests. We performed cafeteria experiments to examine changes in macronutrient limitation and food exploitation rates. We also sampled ants and conducted stable isotope analyses to investigate dietary shifts between these habitats. We found that conspecific ants were less carnivorous and had higher preferences for protein-rich food in L. confertus plantations compared to secondary forests. However, ant assemblages did not exhibit increased preferences for protein-rich food in L. confertus plantations. At the species-level, food exploitation rates varied idiosyncratically between habitats. At the assemblage-level, food exploitation rates were reduced in L. confertus plantations. Our results reveal that plantation establishments alter the diet and foraging behaviour of omnivorous ants. Such changes suggest that omnivorous ants in plantations will have reduced top-down impacts on prey communities but also see an increased importance of protein as a bottom-up force in constraining omnivore population sizes., (© 2020 British Ecological Society.)
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- 2020
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42. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological reassessments of thief ants identify a new potential case of biological invasions.
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Sharaf MR, Gotzek D, Guénard B, Fisher BL, Aldawood AS, Al Dhafer HM, and Mohamed AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Florida, Genes, Mitochondrial, Geography, Hawaii, Saudi Arabia, Ants anatomy & histology, Ants classification, Ants genetics, Introduced Species, Phenotype, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Species delimitation offered by DNA-based approaches can provide important insights into the natural history and diversity of species, but the cogency of such processes is limited without multigene phylogenies. Recent attempts to barcode various Solenopsidini ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), including the thief ant Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011 described from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), were precipitated by the unexpected existence of a closely related species, the Nearctic S. abdita Thompson, 1989 within the S. molesta species complex native to Florida. This finding left the species status of the former uncertain. Here, we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of these two species to determine whether or not S. abdita represents a new global tramp species. We inferred a phylogeny of the two species using DNA sequence data from four nuclear genes (Abd-A, EF1α-F1, EF1α-F2, and Wingless) and one mitochondrial gene (COI) sampled from populations in Florida, Guatemala, Hawaii, and Saudi Arabia. Both species clustered into one distinct and robust clade. The taxonomy of S. saudiensis was re-examined using morphometrics. A reassessment of the morphological characters used to diagnose the worker and queen castes were consistent with molecular evidence. Based on combined morphological and molecular evidences S. saudiensis is declared as a junior synonym of S. abdita (syn. nov.). In addition, our findings indicate that S. abdita is a novel global tramp species which has a far wider distribution than previously thought and has established itself in many new habitats and different geographic realms.
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- 2020
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43. A new species and new record of the cryptobiotic ant genus Ponera Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Hong Kong.
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Pierce MP, Leong CM, and Guénard B
- Abstract
Despite its small size, Hong Kong hosts a surprising level of ant diversity. Through faunal studies on arthropods conducted in Hong Kong over recent years, a new record and species of the genus Ponera have been discovered, which are introduced here. Ponera guangxiensis Zhou, 2001 is reported for the first time from Hong Kong, and Ponera tudigong sp. nov. is here described as a new species, easily distinguishable from other Ponera species and unique within the genus for its four mandibular teeth.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Trait-based ecology of terrestrial arthropods.
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Wong MKL, Guénard B, and Lewis OT
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animal Distribution, Animals, Arthropods physiology, Biodiversity
- Abstract
In focusing on how organisms' generalizable functional properties (traits) interact mechanistically with environments across spatial scales and levels of biological organization, trait-based approaches provide a powerful framework for attaining synthesis, generality and prediction. Trait-based research has considerably improved understanding of the assembly, structure and functioning of plant communities. Further advances in ecology may be achieved by exploring the trait-environment relationships of non-sessile, heterotrophic organisms such as terrestrial arthropods, which are geographically ubiquitous, ecologically diverse, and often important functional components of ecosystems. Trait-based studies and trait databases have recently been compiled for groups such as ants, bees, beetles, butterflies, spiders and many others; however, the explicit justification, conceptual framework, and primary-evidence base for the burgeoning field of 'terrestrial arthropod trait-based ecology' have not been well established. Consequently, there is some confusion over the scope and relevance of this field, as well as a tendency for studies to overlook important assumptions of the trait-based approach. Here we aim to provide a broad and accessible overview of the trait-based ecology of terrestrial arthropods. We first define and illustrate foundational concepts in trait-based ecology with respect to terrestrial arthropods, and justify the application of trait-based approaches to the study of their ecology. Next, we review studies in community ecology where trait-based approaches have been used to elucidate how assembly processes for terrestrial arthropod communities are influenced by niche filtering along environmental gradients (e.g. climatic, structural, and land-use gradients) and by abiotic and biotic disturbances (e.g. fire, floods, and biological invasions). We also review studies in ecosystem ecology where trait-based approaches have been used to investigate biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships: how the functional diversity of arthropod communities relates to a host of ecosystem functions and services that they mediate, such as decomposition, pollination and predation. We then suggest how future work can address fundamental assumptions and limitations by investigating trait functionality and the effects of intraspecific variation, assessing the potential for sampling methods to bias the traits and trait values observed, and enhancing the quality and consolidation of trait information in databases. A roadmap to guide observational trait-based studies is also presented. Lastly, we highlight new areas where trait-based studies on terrestrial arthropods are well positioned to advance ecological understanding and application. These include examining the roles of competitive, non-competitive and (multi-)trophic interactions in shaping coexistence, and macro-scaling trait-environment relationships to explain and predict patterns in biodiversity and ecosystem functions across space and time. We hope this review will spur and guide future applications of the trait-based framework to advance ecological insights from the most diverse eukaryotic organisms on Earth., (© 2018 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
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- 2019
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45. Taxonomic revision of the genus Ponera Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Taiwan and Japan, with a key to East Asian species.
- Author
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Leong CM, Guénard B, Shiao SF, and Lin CC
- Subjects
- Animals, Asia, Asia, Eastern, Japan, Taiwan, Ants
- Abstract
Ponera is a widespread genus of litter and soil ants. The highest diversity of the genus is found in Asia, with Taiwan and Japan being two of the most species-rich regions. Here, we systematically review the taxonomy of the 16 Taiwanese and Japanese Ponera species, two of which are new species from Taiwan: Ponera terayamai sp. n. and P. wui sp. n. A new key for Ponera species of East Asia is presented.
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- 2019
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46. Review of the genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong with the description of three new species and the addition of five native and four introduced species records.
- Author
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Tang KL, Pierce MP, and Guénard B
- Abstract
The species of the ant genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 found in Hong Kong are reviewed based on new sampling efforts performed over the past five years (2014-2018). Prior to this, 12 Strumigenys species had been recorded from Hong Kong, all confirmed here. Moreover, we add to this list three newly described species: S.hirsuta sp. n. , S.lantaui sp. n. , and S.nathistorisoc sp. n. , and describe for the first time the worker caste of S.formosa Terayama, Lin & Wu, 1995. We report new records for nine additional species, bringing the total number of species to 24, including four newly recorded species ( S.hexamera Brown, 1958, S.membranifera Emery, 1869, S.nepalensis Baroni Urbani and De Andrade, 1994, and S.rogeri Emery, 1890) which are considered to be introduced to Hong Kong. A global review of the introduced Strumigenys species is presented. The taxonomic validity of S.feae and S.formosensis is discussed in light of new specimen measurements. New ecological information on the swarming periods of 11 species is presented on the basis of year-long sampling of aerial insects. Finally, the importance of our results within Southeast Asia and the need for future sampling efforts in the region is discussed.
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- 2019
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47. Inbreeding tolerance as a pre-adapted trait for invasion success in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis.
- Author
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Eyer PA, Matsuura K, Vargo EL, Kobayashi K, Yashiro T, Suehiro W, Himuro C, Yokoi T, Guénard B, Dunn RR, and Tsuji K
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Founder Effect, Genetic Variation, Heterozygote, Inbreeding Depression, Japan, Male, North Carolina, Selection, Genetic, Ants genetics, Genetics, Population, Inbreeding, Introduced Species
- Abstract
Identifying traits that facilitate species introductions and successful invasions of ecosystems represents a key issue in ecology. Following their establishment into new environments, many non-native species exhibit phenotypic plasticity with post-introduction changes in behaviour, morphology or life history traits that allow them to overcome the presumed loss of genetic diversity resulting in inbreeding and reduced adaptive potential. Here, we present a unique strategy in the invasive ant Brachyponera chinensis (Emery), in which inbreeding tolerance is a pre-adapted trait for invasion success, allowing this ant to cope with genetic depletion following a genetic bottleneck. We report for the first time that inbreeding is not a consequence of the founder effect following introduction, but it is due to mating between sister queens and their brothers that pre-exists in native populations which may have helped it circumvent the cost of invasion. We show that a genetic bottleneck does not affect the genetic diversity or the level of heterozygosity within colonies and suggest that generations of sib-mating in native populations may have reduced inbreeding depression through purifying selection of deleterious alleles. This work highlights how a unique life history may pre-adapt some species for biological invasions., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
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48. The ant genus Myopias Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) in Thailand, with descriptions of three new species.
- Author
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Jaitrong W, Tasen W, and GuÉnard B
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animals, Australia, Thailand, Ants
- Abstract
The genus Myopias Roger, 1861 is distributed in the Australian, Oceanian, Oriental and southern Sino-Japanese realms. Currently 40 valid species and three subspecies have been described, but none have ever been recorded for Thailand. Here we review the species of Thailand, recognizing seven in total. Four are new records of previously described species: Myopias bidens (Emery, 1900), M. crawleyi (Donisthorpe, 1941), M. maligna punctigera (Emery, 1900), and M. mandibularis (Crawley, 1924). Three new species are described: Myopias minima sp. nov. from southern Thailand, M. sakaeratensis sp. nov. from eastern Thailand and M. sonthichaiae sp. nov. from northern and western Thailand. The queen caste of M. mandibularis is described here for the first time and additional descriptions of other species are provided. All these species were found to nest in rotten wood on the forest floor.
- Published
- 2018
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49. May furtive predation provide enemy free space in ant-tended aphid colonies?
- Author
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Guénard B, Dumont F, Fréchette B, Francoeur A, and Lucas É
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Food Chain, Predatory Behavior, Symbiosis, Ants physiology, Aphids physiology, Coleoptera physiology
- Abstract
In furtive predation, a predator is able to exploit its prey without generating significant defensive behaviors from them. However, in aphidophagous guild, if furtive predator can benefit from dilution effects generated by the aphids, they also suffer from intraguild predation from more mobile and active-searching predators. In this context ant-tended aphid colonies might not only represent an important food source but also potentially an enemy-free space for furtive predators if they remain unharmed by ants while other active predators are being repelled. Here we use the furtive predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza and two distinct instars of an active-searching predator, the Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis, to test hypotheses related to predator persistence within aphid colonies in presence of ants. Our results show that persistence rate over time of the furtive predator was not affected by ant presence while it was strongly reduced for both instars of the active-searching predator. Furthermore, when ran in paired trials within ant-tended aphid colonies, furtive predator persistence rate was significantly higher than for active-searching predators, with these latter always leaving the plants quicker. Finally, we tested the importance of predator mobility in detection susceptibility and aggressive responses in ants using mobile and immobile active-searching predators. While the number of antennal palpations was similar for both treatments indicating similar detection rate, the number of ant attacks was significantly higher on mobile individuals highlighting the importance of movement in triggering aggressive responses in ants. Overall our results indicate that furtive predation represents an efficient strategy to limit ant aggressions, while the exclusion of active-searching predators might create an enemy-free space for furtive predators within ant-tended aphid colonies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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50. Dominance-diversity relationships in ant communities differ with invasion.
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Arnan X, Andersen AN, Gibb H, Parr CL, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, Angulo E, Baccaro FB, Bishop TR, Boulay R, Castracani C, Cerdá X, Toro ID, Delsinne T, Donoso DA, Elten EK, Fayle TM, Fitzpatrick MC, Gómez C, Grasso DA, Grossman BF, Guénard B, Gunawardene N, Heterick B, Hoffmann BD, Janda M, Jenkins CN, Klimes P, Lach L, Laeger T, Leponce M, Lucky A, Majer J, Menke S, Mezger D, Mori A, Moses J, Munyai TC, Paknia O, Pfeiffer M, Philpott SM, Souza JLP, Tista M, Vasconcelos HL, and Retana J
- Subjects
- Animals, Climate, Ecosystem, Ants physiology, Biodiversity
- Abstract
The relationship between levels of dominance and species richness is highly contentious, especially in ant communities. The dominance-impoverishment rule states that high levels of dominance only occur in species-poor communities, but there appear to be many cases of high levels of dominance in highly diverse communities. The extent to which dominant species limit local richness through competitive exclusion remains unclear, but such exclusion appears more apparent for non-native rather than native dominant species. Here we perform the first global analysis of the relationship between behavioral dominance and species richness. We used data from 1,293 local assemblages of ground-dwelling ants distributed across five continents to document the generality of the dominance-impoverishment rule, and to identify the biotic and abiotic conditions under which it does and does not apply. We found that the behavioral dominance-diversity relationship varies greatly, and depends on whether dominant species are native or non-native, whether dominance is considered as occurrence or relative abundance, and on variation in mean annual temperature. There were declines in diversity with increasing dominance in invaded communities, but diversity increased with increasing dominance in native communities. These patterns occur along the global temperature gradient. However, positive and negative relationships are strongest in the hottest sites. We also found that climate regulates the degree of behavioral dominance, but differently from how it shapes species richness. Our findings imply that, despite strong competitive interactions among ants, competitive exclusion is not a major driver of local richness in native ant communities. Although the dominance-impoverishment rule applies to invaded communities, we propose an alternative dominance-diversification rule for native communities., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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