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Acute lung injury (ALI) is a critical respiratory disorder with a high mortality rate and is caused by several factors. Addressing oxidative stress and inflammation is a pivotal strategy for ALI treatment. In this study, we introduced a novel nanotherapeutic approach involving a curcumin-loaded ceria nanoenzyme delivery system tailored to counteract the multifaceted aspects of ALI. This system leverages the individual and combined effects of the components to provide a comprehensive therapeutic solution. The dual-action capability of this nanosystem was manifested by mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells and inhibiting the transient receptor potential melanosome-associated protein 2 (TRPM2)-NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway, offering a highly effective therapeutic approach to ALI. Our findings reveal the underlying mechanisms of this innovative nanodelivery system, showcasing its potential as a versatile strategy for ALI treatment and encouraging further exploration of nanoenzyme-based therapies for ALI.

Total flavones of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch(GTF) are main components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, which have anti-oxidation and lipid-lowering effects. However, its protective effects on the intestinal tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are unknown. The aims of the study were to evaluate the protective effects of GTF on the intestinal tissue of tilapia after high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Tilapia (initial weight 30 ± 1 g) received diets containing four doses of GTF (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg diet) for 90 days. The intestinal tissues were collected to determine biochemical parameter, gene expression and protein level. The results showed that the HFD reduced antioxidant indexes and increased the fat level, lipid oxidation products in the intestinal tissue relative to the control. Adding GTF to the HFD resulted in an increase of antioxidant indexes, fat level and lipid oxidation products decreased after 60, 90 days. In the HFD group, mRNA level of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) was increased at 60 day and then decreased at 90 day. The mRNA levels of fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) were significantly increased at 60 or 90 day after HFD feeding. The mRNA levels of acetate coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCA) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and PPAR-α were decreased significantly at 30, 60 and/or 90 days after HFD feeding. Western blotting results also showed that nuclear factor (NF)-κβ C-Rel (NF-κβ C-Rel) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) protein expression in intestinal tissue increased after consumption of the HFD. However, adding GTF to the HFD reversed the changes of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, and the level of NF-κβ c-Rel and MAPK8 at different degrees. Overall, these results indicated that GTF promoted decomposition and metabolism of fatty acids in intestinal tissue, alleviated oxidative stress damage caused by the HFD, and had certain protective effects on the intestinal tissue of tilapia.