Search

Flavour is an important factor in evaluating meat quality, and amino acids and fats are important components affecting meat flavour. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the variation of lysine residue addition and the slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers, which decreased with the addition of lysine residues but improved the meat quality of the broilers. 10% lysine residue addition was the most beneficial for reducing feed cost and improving meat quality. Meanwhile, the plasma metabolites of broilers fed increasing concentrations of lysine residue supplemented feeds were analysed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were used screen, the differential metabolites induced by lysine residue. In the broilers 29, 37, 63, 87, 80 and 111 differential metabolites were detected (p < 0.05). Amongst them, 3‐iodotyrosine, N‐methyl‐L‐glutamic acid, coumaraldehyde, 2‐dimethylphenol, N‐methylnicotinamide and L‐erythrone were the common differential metabolites between group A and groups B, C, D, E, F and G. The addition of lysine residue was positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05, r = 0.942) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05, r = 0.798) and negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05, r = 0.822). According to the classification of differential metabolites and their enriched pathway analysis, differential metabolites mainly caused changes in amino acid and lipid metabolism. Our study shows that a certain proportion of lysine residue in diet affects the specific metabolic pathway of broilers, which may affect amino acid and fat metabolism by regulating alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, ultimately affecting the flavour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous improvements in human diet, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-quality chicken, so it is particularly important for poultry breeders to carry out the breeding of high-quality broilers in a timely fashion. Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a flavor-enhancing substance, which plays a critical role in the umami taste of the muscle, making the content of IMP an important umami taste indicator. Currently, research on the deposition mechanism of IMP in chicken is not only necessary for chicken breeders to promote the production of high-quality meat and poultry but also to meet the human demand for chicken meat. In this paper, the research history of IMP, its structure and taste mechanisms, the pathway and influencing factors of de novo IMP synthesis, and the key genes regulating IMP synthesis and metabolism are briefly summarized. Our aim was to lay a theoretical foundation and provide scientific background and research directions for further research on high-quality broiler breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Holstein cows, β-casein, one of the most critical proteins in milk, exists in two main genotypes, A1 and A2. Herein, 45 Holstein cows [categorized into three groups based on β-casein A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 genotypes ( N  = 15)] with the same feeding management and litter size were enrolled to explore differences in rumen microflora and metabolites across various β-casein genotypes. Rumen fluids were collected for metagenomics and metabolomics analyses. Metabolomics and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that arachidonic acid (AA), adrenic acid (AdA), glycocholic acid (GCA), and taurocholic acid (TCA) were significantly and positively correlated with milk fat % in dairy cows ( p  < 0.05). Furthermore, macro-genomics and Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations ( p  < 0.05) between the characteristic flora ( g&#95;Acetobacter , g&#95;Pseudoxanthomonas , g&#95;Streptococcus , and g&#95;Pediococcus ) and the five characteristic metabolites in the rumen of A2A2 dairy cows. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis revealed more genes enriched to the TRP channel's inflammatory mediator-regulated pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway in A2A2 genotyped cows. Additionally, the regulatory effects of AA on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were examined using CCK-8, EdU, and qRT-PCR assays, revealing that AA promoted triglyceride (TG) synthesis and upregulated the milk fat marker genes including SREBF1 , ACSS2 , AGPAT6 , and FASN . Overall, we identified characteristic microorganisms and metabolites in A2A2 Holstein cows and established that AA could be a biomarker for higher milk fat %., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhao, Wang, Hu, Ma, Yu, Zhao, Wang, Gu and Zhang.)

Background: Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is naturally present in poultry muscle and plays a key role in improving meat flavour. However, IMP deposition is regulated by numerous genes and complex molecular networks. In order to excavate key candidate genes that may regulate IMP synthesis, we performed proteome and metabolome analyses on the leg muscle, compared to the breast muscle control of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens (hens), which had different IMP content. The key candidate genes identified by a differential analysis were verified to be associated with regulation of IMP-specific deposition., Results: The results showed that the differentially expressed (DE) proteins and metabolites jointly involve 14 metabolic pathways, among which the purine metabolic pathway closely related to IMP synthesis and metabolism is enriched with four DE proteins downregulated (with higher expression in breast muscles than in leg muscles), including adenylate kinase 1 ( AK1 ), adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 ( AMPD1 ), pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2 ( PKM2 ) and phosphoglucomutase 1 ( PGM1 ), six DE metabolites, Hypoxanthine, Guanosine, L-Glutamine, AICAR, AMP and Adenylsuccinic acid. Analysis of PGM1 gene showed that the high expression of PGM1 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and inhibited the apoptosis of myoblasts. ELISA tests have shown that PGM1 reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and IMP and uric acid (UA), while enhancing the biosynthesis of hypoxanthine (HX). In addition, up-regulation of PGM1 inhibited the expression of purine metabolism pathway related genes, and promoted the IMP de novo and salvage synthesis pathways., Conclusion: This study preliminarily explored the mechanism of action of PGM1 in regulating the growth and development of myoblasts and specific IMP deposition in Jingyuan chickens, which provided certain theoretical basis for the development and utilization of excellent traits in Jingyuan chickens., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Cai, Wei, Ma, Yu, Fu, Zhang, Gu and Zhang.)

Functional cells in embryonic myogenesis and postnatal muscle development undergo multiple stages of proliferation and differentiation, which are strict procedural regulation processes. N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most abundant RNA modification that regulates gene expression in specific cell types in eukaryotes and regulates various biological activities, such as RNA processing and metabolism. Recent studies have shown that m 6 A modification-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation plays an essential role in myogenesis. This review outlines embryonic and postnatal myogenic differentiation and summarizes the important roles played by functional cells in each developmental period. Furthermore, the key roles of m 6 A modifications and their regulators in myogenesis were highlighted, and the synergistic regulation of m 6 A modifications with myogenic transcription factors was emphasized to characterize the cascade of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation during myogenesis. This review also discusses the crosstalk between m 6 A modifications and non-coding RNAs, proposing a novel mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation during skeletal muscle development. In summary, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by m 6 A and their regulators may help develop new strategies to maintain muscle homeostasis, which are expected to become targets for animal muscle-specific trait breeding and treatment of muscle metabolic diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yu, Liu, Zhang, Mu, Feng, Ma and Gu.)