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The reasonable cost budget of the e-government scheme can effectively promote the construction of the digital government. To analyze the cost impact components of the e-government system and find out the impact factor model works in China, this paper reviews relevant literature on software cost impact factors and proposes the impact factors model based on COCOMO II. Besides, combined with the actual construction of digital government and specific cases, this paper analyzes the mechanism of each impact factor in detail. The model can be used to guide the cost estimation of e-government software in China, especially with artificial intelligence estimation method. An enhanced decision theory of theory based on fuzzy set has been adopted for analysis of cost factor on E-government software cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of organic fertilizer is an important agricultural practice for improving soil health and the soil microflora, and the microbial community assembly process relating to this application is also closely associated with soil health. However, the effects of organic fertilizer intensification on the bacterial community assembly processes of farmland soil are often overlooked. In this study, bacterial community structure, ecological networks, and bacterial community assembly processes were evaluated using the investment soil-cultivation test and PacBio sequencing. The PCoA, Mantel test, and Procrustes analysis showed that overfertilization changed soil physicochemical properties and caused significant succession of soil bacterial communities (p < 0.05). The neutral community model indicated that the spread of bacteria in the low-fertilization group was greater than that in the high-fertilization group. Under conditions of overfertilization via organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 50% and N-P2O5-K2O ≥ 5%), the bacterial network topology and stability of nutrient-rich loess brown (H) soil were improved compared with those of red (R) soils, and the slope of the robustness analysis displayed a 10.9% decrease in H soil and a 37.2% decrease in R soil. The inference of community assembly mechanisms via phylogenetic-bin-based null model analysis (iCAMP) confirmed that with increasing fertilization, the relative importance of ecological drift gradually increased, and the importance of homogeneous selection was reduced (p < 0.01, permutational ANOVA). A total of 103 bins (in the selected top 200 bins) of the dominant process were different between the H and R soils. The results clarified that homogeneous selection and drift were the dominant processes driving the assembly of bacterial communities in different soil types along the gradient of organic fertilizer application and confirmed that excessive fertilization enhanced the relative importance of drift among the construction mechanisms. Changes in soil construction mechanisms due to overfertilization are related not only to soil type but also to different microbial lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modern agriculture uses alternative pest control methods to boost productivity, leading to an accumulation of organophosphorus (OPPs) congeners. This necessitates an intuitive and quick way to identify OPPs congeners. A colorimetric sensor for detecting OPPs congeners using a double-enzyme cascade reaction has been successfully designed and constructed in this study. The OPPs regulate the color changes induced by manganese dioxide nanoflowers (MnO 2 NFs) and specific alkaline phosphatases (ALP) during the etching of gold nanopyramids (Au NBPs). The ascorbic acid (AA) produced by ALP hydrolysis inhibits Au NBPs etching by MnO 2 NFs oxidized 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). By inhibiting ALP catalytic activity, OPPs prevent AA formation. In this process, Au NBPs will undergo further etching, resulting in various colors so they can be analyzed semi-quantitatively with the naked eye. It has been found that different types of OPPs inhibit enzymes differently and therefore result in varying degrees of etching of Au NBPs. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is performed by smart devices that convert R, G, and B signals into digital signals. This colorimetric array tests various foods (tea, apple, and cabbage). Colorimetric visualization sensors combined with data analysis will be used in real-life product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]