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Mauremys reevesii is an endangered freshwater turtle that symbolizes longevity in Chinese culture. Despite its importance, genetic studies of this species remain limited, with no genomic sequence reported to date. Here, we report a high‐quality, chromosome‐level genomic sequence of M. reevesii obtained using a combination of Nanopore and Hi‐C sequencing technologies. The 2.37 Gb M. reevesii genome was assembled from a total of ~226.80 Gb of Nanopore sequencing data. The M. reevesii genome contig N50 is 34.73 Mb, the highest value in published turtle genomes. In total, 18,238 genes were functionally annotated. The contigs were clustered and ordered onto 27 pseudochromosomes covering ~96.55% of the genome assembled with Hi‐C data. To explore genome evolution, synteny analysis was performed between M. reevesii (freshwater turtle) and Gopherus evgoodei (terrestrial turtle) genomes. In general, each chromosome of M. reevesii corresponded to one chromosome of Gopherus evgoodei, but some interchromosomal rearrangements occurred between the two species based on the assembled genomes. These interchromosomal rearrangements were further confirmed by mapping of the long‐read nanopore data to the assembly. The reconstructed demographic history showed varied effective population size among freshwater, marine and terrestrial turtles. We also discovered expansion of genes related to the innate immune system in M. reevesii that may provide defence against freshwater pathogens. The high‐quality genomic sequence provides a valuable genetic resource for further studies of genetics and genome evolution in turtles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crises, such as resource shortage, environmental pollution, and ecological damage, restrict the sustainability of regional economic and social development. A comprehensive evaluation on the carrying capacity of resource environment (CCRE) based on a scientific system is beneficial to determining the background, constraints, and potentials of the carrying capacity of regional resource environments, comprehending economic and social development, and realizing harmonious development between ecological civilization and economic society. For deeply understanding the carrying capacity level of regional resource environment and mastering its variation trend accurately, an evaluation system was constructed in this study based on Shandong Province in China. This system covered 11 indexes of economic, resource, and environment subsystems. CCRE in Shandong Province from 2005 to 2016 were evaluated and estimated comprehensively through the TOPSIS model based on entropy rights. Results showed that the general CCRE in Shandong Province increased significantly from 2005 to 2016, with an annual average growth rate of 5.23%. The development level of the economic subsystem was increased yearly, which basically conformed to the variation trend of CCRE. The economic development laid a solid economic foundation for improving CCRE in Shandong Province. The overall levels of resource and environment subsystems increased yearly, which showed annual growth rates of 4.15% and 2.15%, respectively. Specific countermeasures, including reasonable development and utilization of natural resources, improving the regional ecological environment, and accelerating the technological development and construction of conservation-minded society were proposed. Research conclusions can provide certain references for constructing a long-term evaluation mechanism of CCRE, formulating spatial planning of resource utilization, and strengthening ecological civilization construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain Query was isolated from a patient specimen in 2015. In order to known about its genetic evolution, this study amplified gene fragment of the isolated stain by RT-PCT and carried out sequencing of the total genome. The homology and genetic evolution of the gene sequence of the virus strain in the study were analyzed. The results showed that the isolated EV71 strain in this study had higher homology of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence with other virus strains, which was 80%-97% and 88% to 92%, respectively, but it had lower homology with Cox.A16 (homology of nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of Cox.A16 was 81% and 79%, respectively). Compare of homologous sequence at the encoding region VP1 demonstrated that the experimental isolated strain EV71 had higher homology of amino acid sequence at VP1 region with other virus strains. Genetic evolution of nucleotide sequence at VP1 region of the identified strain and other EV71 strains was analyzed, and the results demonstrated gene sequence at VP1 region and 5'UTR region of the isolated strain and SDLY017 strain was at the same branch, both of which belonged to C4a, a subtype of type C4.