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BackgroundLow glycemic index (LGI) diet has shown to be effective in reducing maternal and neonatal complications in high-risk pregnancies. ObjectiveThis trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of individualized LGI diet consultations based on the accurate diet glycemic load (GL) assessment tool on maternal and neonatal insulin resistance levels and diet behavior changes in overweight and obese pregnant women. MethodsOverweight and obese pregnant women were recruited before 16 weeks of gestation and randomized to the LGI diet arm or the control arm. All participants received standard dietary education according to the Chinese Dietary Guide for Pregnant Women. In the intervention arm, additional individualized dietary GL assessments were performed using an app and instructions of lowering diet glycemic index (GI) to achieve LGI diet were provided by a clinical dietitian at early, middle, and late gestation. Primary outcomes were serum insulin at late gestation, incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for mothers, and cord blood C-peptide level of neonates. ResultsIn total, 400 subjects were randomized and received different interventions. There were no significant differences in maternal serum insulin levels (13.2 [9.3−13.2] uU/mL vs 12.4 [10.5−12.4] uU/mL), incidence of GDM (45 [22.5%] vs 43 [21.5%]), or cord blood C-peptide levels (mean 0.9ng/mL [SD 0.7] vs mean 0.8ng/mL [SD 0.6]) in the intervention group compared with the controls. The diet GI at late gestation was similar (mean 63.2 [SD 10.4] vs mean 64.3 [SD 10.4]), whereas greater diet fiber intake was observed in the intervention group (mean 11.6 grams [SD 8.0] vs mean 9.0 grams [SD 5.6]; P=.006). Adherence measurements did not significantly differ between 2 groups. ConclusionsIndividualized LGI diet consultations for overweight and obese pregnant women failed to make a significant difference in maternal or neonatal insulin resistance compared with the standard gestational diet consultation. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01628835; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01628835 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77LHgWP0k)

Objective To investigate relationship between vitamin D level and season, sleep quality and anxiety and depression in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods Total 246 patients with chronic insomnia and treated in The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2020 to August 2022 were included. Serum 25⁃hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] levels were determined. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale⁃14 (HAMA⁃14) to evaluate anxiety, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale⁃24 (HAMD⁃24) to evaluate depression. Results The incidence of serum 25 (OH) D deficiency ( < 20 ng/ml) in chronic insomnia patients was higher than that in control group (χ2 = 78.202, P = 0.000), and serum 25 (OH) D level was lower than that in control group (Z = ⁃ 6.677, P = 0.000). According to the onset season, 246 chronic insomnia patients were divided into winter and spring group (n = 156) and summer and autumn group (n = 90). PSQI score (Z = ⁃ 2.694, P = 0.007), HAMA⁃14 total score (Z = ⁃ 2.166, P = 0.030), somatic anxiety score (Z = ⁃ 2.545, P = 0.011) and HAMD⁃24 score (Z = ⁃ 2.065, P = 0.039) in winter and spring group were higher than those in summer and autumn group. Serum 25 (OH) D level in winter and spring group was lower than that in summer and autumn group (Z = ⁃ 2.681, P = 0.007). According to PSQI score, 246 patients with chronic insomnia were divided into mild ⁃ moderate insomnia group (n = 114) and severe insomnia group (n = 132). In severe insomnia group, the proportion of female (χ2 = 10.733, P = 0.001), HAMA⁃14 total score (Z = ⁃ 4.633, P = 0.000), mental anxiety score (Z = ⁃ 5.273, P = 0.000) and physical anxiety score (Z = ⁃ 2.859, P = 0.004), and HAMD⁃24 score (Z = ⁃ 5.430, P = 0.000) were higher than those in the mild⁃moderate insomnia group, and serum 25 (OH) D level was lower than those in the mild⁃moderate insomnia group (Z = ⁃1.986, P = 0.047). Correlation analysis showed that serum 25 (OH) D was negatively correlated with PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.331, P = 0.000), HAMA ⁃ 14 total score (r = ⁃ 0.178, P = 0.005) and HAMD ⁃ 24 score (r = ⁃ 0.142, P = 0.027). Conclusions Patients with chronic insomnia have lower vitamin D level, and patients with winter and spring onset have lower vitamin D level, worse sleep quality, and more severe anxiety, depression and somatization symptoms. Patients with worse sleep quality had lower vitamin D level, and more anxiety and depression. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with sleep quality and risk of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic insomnia.

There are various ways for various services to carry out accusation information interoperability. The establishment of a standardized accusation information interoperability framework can provide a way to solve the problem of diversified and complicated implementation of accusation information interoperability between systems. This paper analyzes and compares three types of design methods, centering on the Battle Management Language(BML), combined with the structural concepts of Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA) and Unified Architecture Framework(UAF). Finally, a directly connected structural framework was chosen to build, and a public service supporting structural framework including six levels of system, technology, resources, service, function and organization, and multiple elements such as ontology model, semantic mapping and model generation is constructed, providing theoretical support for the research on standardization of accusative information interoperability.

One great advantage of graphene-polyelectrolyte multilayer (GPM) membranes is their tunable structure and internal charge for improved separation performance. In this study, we synthesized GO-dominant GPM membrane with internal negatively-charged domains, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-dominant GPM membrane with internal positively-charged domains and charge-balanced dense/loose GPM membranes by simply adjusting the ionic strength and pH of the GO and PEI solutions used in layer-by-layer membrane synthesis. A combined system of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and ellipsometry was used to analyze the mass deposition, film thickness, and layer density of the GPM membranes. The performance of the GPM membranes were compared in terms of both permeability and selectivity to determine the optimal membrane structure and synthesis strategy. One effective strategy to improve the GPM membrane permeability-selectivity tradeoff is to assemble charge-balanced dense membranes under weak electrostatic interactions. This balanced membrane exhibits the highest MgCl2 selectivity (∼86%). Another effective strategy for improved cation removal is to create PEI-dominant membranes that provide internal positively-charged barrier to enhance cation selectivity without sacrificing water permeability. These findings shine lights on the development of a systematic approach to push the boundary of permeability-selectivity tradeoff for GPM membranes.

Phytoseiid mites are key predators in agricultural crops. However, not all species regulate pest populations below economic thresholds, and therefore knowledge of which species are associated with particular crops aids pest control recommendations. Surveys of 12 crops across six geographical regions of California demonstrated that phytoseiid species varied by crop and geographical location, with subtropical crops exhibiting the lowest species diversity and grape the greatest. The western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis, long cited as a dominant species in California crops, was not found to be the major species in most situations. Euseius stipulatus, a species introduced in the 1970s, was found in the surveyed crops in many areas of the state and appears to be displacing E. hibisci along the south coast.

Recent years have seen rapid advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment of vestibular diseases, especially vestibular evaluation and rehabilitation technologies, greatly promoting the developments in individualization and precision of rehabilitation for peripheral and central vestibular diseases. The vestibular rehabilitation helps to correct inappropriate strategy of equilibrium and/or to accelerate a good but slow compensation phenomenon, effectively improve vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs to balance coordination control ability, improve the compensatory function of central nervous system, so as to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, and balance instability, eventually restoring the normal vestibular status. Given this background, we reviewed the advances in mechanisms of rehabilitation, pre-rehabilitation evaluation, rehabilitation program formulation and treatment regarding vestibular diseases, offering insights into clinical implementation and research concerning vestibular rehabilitation in China.