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Sunflower seed meal, a by-product of sunflower seed oil production, is a high-quality protein source that is nutritious in terms of abundant protein, has reasonable amino acid composition and is hypoallergenic. At present, most reviews on sunflower seed meal focus on the fields of its processing and application status, comprehensive utilization, active ingredients, modification technologies and application in feed. However, due to the presence of polyphenols (mainly chlorogenic acid), sunflower seed meal is susceptible to browning during preparation and processing, which seriously restricts its deep development and utilization. The major techniques for the removal of chlorogenic acid from sunflower seed meal include water extraction, organic solvent extraction, physical field assisted method, enzymatic method, salt inhibition method and resin adsorption, but they have been scarcely reviewed systematically. In this paper, we review the latest research progress on the composition of sunflower seed protein, its interaction with chlorogenic acid, the removal methods of chlorogenic acid from sunflower seed meal, and the application of sunflower seed protein in the food field in order to provide a reference for further processing and utilization of sunflower seed meal.

ObjectiveTo provide reference for rational rice consumption and government safety supervision in China， the potential health risk in different populations was evaluated based on the investigation results of Cadmium （Cd） exposure from rice.MethodsCd of 6 249 rice samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）， the Cd pollution level and distribution characteristic in rice were analyzed. Monte-Carlo simulations were employed to estimate the cumulative distribution function of Hazard quotients （HQ） and Cancer-risk index （CR） of Cd exposure from rice to assess the potential health risks of rice consumption.ResultsThe average Cd content in rice samples from four regions， weighted by regional yield， was 0.1661 mg/kg， 25.99% of the overall rice samples and 56.64% of the rice samples from Central China exceeded the national limit. Analysis showed that Cd exposure level from rice in Northeast China was low and there was no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic health risk. In other regions， the probability range of non-carcinogenic health risk level of HQ>1 was 0.06%~7.12% for adults and 0.15%~11.44% for children， respectively. The probability range of carcinogenic risk level of CR>10-4 was 0.16%~72.55% for adults and 0.26%~77.93% for children， respectively. The potential health risk caused by Cd exposure from rice was highest in Central China.ConclusionThere are high health risks of Cd exposure from rice in part of China， especially in Central China. The exposure risk of Cd from rice to children was higher than that of adults. It’s suggested that more attention should be paid to Cd exposure from rice for the critical areas and children.

The global demand for protein is on an upward trajectory, and peanut protein powder has emerged as a significant player, owing to its affordability and high quality, with great future market potential. However, the industry currently lacks efficient methods for rapid quality testing. This research paper addressed this gap by introducing a portable device with employed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to quickly assess the quality of peanut protein powder. The principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) methods were used to construct the model to further enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the device. The results demonstrated that the newly established NIR method with PLS and GRNN analysis simultaneously predicted the fat, protein, and moisture of peanut protein powder. The GRNN model showed better predictive performance than the PLS model, the correlation coefficient in calibration (Rcal) of the fat, the protein, and the moisture of peanut protein powder were 0.995, 0.990, and 0.990, respectively, and the residual prediction deviation (RPD) were 10.82, 10.03, and 8.41, respectively. The findings unveiled that the portable NIR spectroscopic equipment combined with the GRNN method achieved rapid quantitative analysis of peanut protein powder. This advancement holds a significant application of this device for the industry, potentially revolutionizing quality testing procedures and ensuring the consistent delivery of high-quality products to fulfil consumer desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carotenoids in plant foods are sources of pro-vitamin A and nutrients with several health benefits, including antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, humans cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo and must obtain them from the diet, typically via plant foods. We review the chemical changes of carotenoids in plant foods from farm to table and nutrition, including nutrient release and degradation during processing and metabolism in vivo. We also describe the influencing factors and proposals corresponding to enhancing the release, retention and utilization of carotenoids, thus benefiting human health. Processing methods influence the release and degradation of carotenoids, and nonthermal processing may optimize processing effects. The carotenoid profile, food matrix, and body status influence the digestion, absorption, and biotransformation of carotenoids in vivo; food design (diet and carotenoid delivery systems) can increase the bioavailability levels of carotenoids in the human body. In this review, the dynamic fate of carotenoids in plant foods is summarized systematically and deeply, focusing on changes in their chemical structure; identifying critical control points and influencing factors to facilitate carotenoid regulation; and suggesting multi-dimensional strategies based on the current state of food processing industries to achieve health benefits for consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrophobicity of glutelin, zein, and carotenoids has limited the development of corn-based functional food products. This paper aims to construct emulsions stabilized by multiple corn-derived components using a simple and organic solvent-free method. The emulsions comprised oil droplets dispersed in the water, where glutelin and starch were stabilizers. Optimal stability, smaller droplet sizes, and moderate viscosity were achieved with a glutelin/starch ratio of 1:4. The results of the dynamic rheological measurements of bulk emulsions as well as interfacial properties and microstructure revealed that the stability mechanism of glutelin-starch complex was the interplay of the increased continuous phase viscosity and stronger interfacial viscoelastic films. Thus, these combined factors effectively inhibited the creaming and coalescence of oil droplets. Interfacial films also protected the carotenoids. The results of this study elucidate the stabilization mechanism among different corn-derived components and therefore guide the design of corn-based personalized nutritional systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)