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Background: The motivational climate within a course has been shown to be an important predictor of students' engagement and course ratings. Because little is known about how students' perceptions of the motivational climate in a computer science (CS) course vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and academic major, we investigated these questions: (1) To what extent do students' achievement and perceptions of motivational climate, cost, ease, and effort vary by sex, race/ethnicity, or major? and (2) To what extent do the relationships between students' achievement and perceptions of motivational climate, cost, and effort vary by sex, race/ethnicity, and major? Participants were enrolled in a large CS course at a large public university in the southeastern U.S. A survey was administered to 981 students in the course over three years. Path analyses and one-way MANOVAs and ANOVAs were conducted to examine differences between groups. Results: Students' perceptions of empowerment, usefulness, interest, and caring were similar across sexes and races/ethnicities. However, women and Asian students reported lower success expectancies. Students in the same academic major as the course topic (i.e., CS) generally reported higher perceptions of the motivational climate than students who did not major or minor in the course topic. Final grades in the course did not vary by sex or race/ethnicity, except that the White and Asian students obtained higher grades than the Black students. Across sex, race/ethnicity, and major, students' perceptions of the motivational climate were positively related to effort, which was positively related to achievement. Conclusions: One implication is that females, Asian students, and non-CS students may need more support, or different types of support, to help them believe that they can succeed in computer science courses. On average, these students were less confident in their abilities to succeed in the course and were more likely to report that they did not have the time needed to do well in the course. A second implication for instructors is that it may be possible to increase students' effort and achievement by increasing students' perceptions of the five key constructs in the MUSIC Model of Motivation: eMpowerment, Usefulness, Success, Interest, and Caring.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of different bladder filling states on positioning errors in radiotherapy for cervical cancer and obtain the reference range of bladder filling consistency during radiotherapy.Methods: Patients who underwent postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer in Nantong Tumor Hospital from October 2018 to December 2019 were selected. According to the bladder filling deviation, they were divided into group A1 (deviation < 20%) and group B1 (deviation ≥ 20%). The bladder filling variations of the two groups were compared with different positioning errors. Group A2 has a positioning error of

Haploinsufficiency of transcriptional regulators causes human congenital heart disease (CHD); however, the underlying CHD gene regulatory network (GRN) imbalances are unknown. Here, we define transcriptional consequences of reduced dosage of the CHD transcription factor, TBX5, in individual cells during cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discovered highly sensitive dysregulation of TBX5-dependent pathways-including lineage decisions and genes associated with heart development, cardiomyocyte function, and CHD genetics-in discrete subpopulations of cardiomyocytes. Spatial transcriptomic mapping revealed chamber-restricted expression for many TBX5-sensitive transcripts. GRN analysis indicated that cardiac network stability, including vulnerable CHD-linked nodes, is sensitive to TBX5 dosage. A GRN-predicted genetic interaction between Tbx5 and Mef2c, manifesting as ventricular septation defects, was validated in mice. These results demonstrate exquisite and diverse sensitivity to TBX5 dosage in heterogeneous subsets of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and predicts candidate GRNs for human CHDs, with implications for quantitative transcriptional regulation in disease.

This study examined silent reading rates (SRRs) in relation to students' estimated academic vocabulary grade levels (EVGLs) and comprehension accuracy (Comprehension Items Correct; compIC). Analyses were based on data from 288,934 students in grades 2-12 who completed an adaptive silent reading assessment that yielded measures of the three variables of interest. Silent reading rate was measured while students read five 150- to 300-word passages. Each student's initial passage difficulty was aligned with their EVGL. Each passage was followed by five comprehension questions, such that in total, students could answer up to 25 comprehension items correctly. Two-level Multilevel Models (MLMs) were fitted to evaluate SRR in relation to EVGL, compIC, and their interactions. The final MLM included the random intercept and three random slopes for the two level-1 predictors (school-mean-centered EVGL as the focal predictor and school-mean-centered compIC as the moderator) and their interactions. Results indicated that: (a) the fixed effect of higher EVGL on SRR was positive and significant, (b) the fixed effect of higher compIC on SRR was negative and significant, and (c) there was a significant interaction indicating that the relationship between school-mean-centered EVGL and SRR grew stronger as school-mean-centered compIC increased. These results suggest that vocabulary knowledge and SRR increase in concert among students with good comprehension, whereas SRRs measured in the absence of good comprehension are less meaningful and may indicate inadequate skills or insufficient motivation to fully comprehend what is being read.

The existing research on resource allocation strategies of mobile edge computing mostly focus on delay and energy consumption,but relatively less consideration is given to the benefits of edge servers.When considering the benefits of edge servers,many studies ignore the optimization of delay.Therefore,a two-way update strategy based on game theory(TUSGT) is proposed.TUSGT transforms the task competition between servers into a non-cooperative game problem on the side of edge servers,and adopts a joint optimization strategy based on potential game,which allows every edge server to determine the task selection prefe-rence with the goal of maximizing its own profit.On the side of mobile devices,the EWA algorithm in online learning is used to update the parameters,which affects the task selection preference of the edge servers from a global perspective and improves the overall deadline hit rate.Simulation results show that,compared with BGTA,MILP,greedy strategy,random strategy,and ideal strategy,TUSGT can increase the deadline hit rate by up to 30%,and increase the average profit of edge servers by up to 65%.

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are a promising integrated educational tool for customizing formal education using intelligent instruction or feedback. In recent decades, ITSs have transformed teaching and learning and associated research. This study examined the evolution and future trends of ITS research with scientometric methods. First, a dataset comprising 1173 relevant publications was compiled from the Web of Science Core Collection databases (including the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Science Citation Index). Then, the publication distributions by time, author, institution, country/region, and knowledge sources were analyzed to reveal the multidisciplinary integration paths. Dataset co-occurrence and co-citation analyses were conducted to identify the most popular research issues, the research chronology, and the emerging trends. It was found that: (1) ITS research has been growing in recent years. According to the Price literature exponential growth curve, this field is still in its initial stage while has high potential; (2) computer science, education, psychology, and engineering were the main ITS research knowledge sources, with ITS social science publications since 2007 being higher than ITS natural sciences publications; (3) interactive learning environments, student modeling, teaching/learning strategies, and machine learning have been the most popular research foci; and (4) the Coh-Metrix, problem-centered instruction, and STEM are the current research trends.

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In order to improve the strength and brittleness of ceramsite concrete, polypropylene fiber was added to ceramsite concrete in this study. A total of 180 polypropylene fiber-reinforced ceramsite concrete specimens were prepared, and cube compressive test, splitting tensile test, axial compressive test and elastic modulus test were carried out. The results show that polypropylene fiber can effectively improve the splitting tensile strength and tension-compression ratio of ceramsite concrete, and has little effect on compressive strength and elastic modulus. Based on the experimental results, the conversion relationship model between splitting tensile strength and cube compressive strength, axial compressive strength and cube compressive strength, and the numerical model of elastic modulus of polypropylene fiber-reinforced ceramsite concrete were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]