Search

For many years, techniques improving weak soils by means of additional elements incorporated into their structures have been applying in geotechnical structures (earth structures). An example of such a procedure is the use of geosynthetics enabling to solve geotechnical problems related to anti-erosion protection, as well as filtration and draining. In addition to geosynthetics, randomly distributed fibers are used. Fibers mixed with soil perform a function similar to the function of the root system of protective vegetation and enable the creation of flexible and easy to green construction. During the research, the influence of the type of fibers and their amount on erosion of slope located in the suburbs of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was determined. Soil parameters and fiber properties were determined before their placement. Research on the physical properties of the soils and fibers morphological structure and strength was carried out in accordance with applicable standards. Subsequently, the slope stability was assessed during many months of exploitation. During the research, 2 m wide plots were created on the slope, covered with soil mixed with various amount of fibers. Fibers mixed with soil form a spatial grid retaining soil particles washed out by streams of surface water flowing down, limit the negative impact of erosion and increase slope stability. Natural fibers store excess water in soil, which promotes the development of protective vegetation.

Changes in climatic conditions in the world often affect the variability of water relations and soil erosion. Observed phenomena lead to removal of the most valuable soil surface layer from slopes, washout of minerals, deterioration of slope structure and also destruction of protective vegetation. Geotextiles are used to protect slopes from effects of erosion. Depending on the type of used raw material as well as production technology, geotextiles are used for long-term or temporary protection (biodegradable). Biodegradable geotextiles under influence of atmospheric factors undergo gradual decomposition. The substances released as a result of decomposition cause soil fertilization, which promotes development of protective vegetation. The aim of the research is to assess impact of exploitation time on selected physical, mechanical and hydraulic properties of innovative geotextiles in form of meandrically arranged Kemafil ropes made of wool and recycled fibers installed on slope in Jasienica Economic Zone in Międzyrzecze. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Geosynthetics and Textile Products of the University of Bielsko-Biala in accordance with the applicable European standards. Nonwovens used for production of geotextiles were tested before installation, as well as after 6 and 12 months from their installation. Geotextiles reduce speed of rainwater flowing down from the surface of slope and store its excess. Waste raw materials used for production of geotextiles enable products effectively protecting slope against water erosion.

Paper deals with application of geotextile ropes in erosion protection of slope of gravel pit in Nieboczowy, Poland. For protection of the slope the segments formed from thick ropes were applied. The ropes with the diameter of 120 mm were produced by the Kemafil technology. Ropes were made from strips of stitch-bonded nonwoven produced from a mixture of recycled natural and synthetic fibres and strips of wool needle-punched nonwoven. The protected slope had the length of 4 to 6 m, slope inclination from 1:1 to 1:1.8 and total area of approximately 150 m2. It will be shown that installed ropes restrain soil so there is no slope failure in protected section even in case of low soil shear strength parameters and unfavourable hydraulic conditions. Generally slope surface in protected section is without rills and gullies. This case also shows that plants are very good anti-erosion measure. Thanks ropes installed on the slope, favourable conditions for plants growth are created and maintained.

Textile waste was used for production of thick ropes designed for the protection of slopes against sliding and erosion. For the production of ropes, scraps of insulating materials produced from poor quality wool and scraps of nonwoven manufactured from blend of recycled fibres were applied. The ropes were installed on the slope in a disused gravel pit. Stabilisation of the slope and behaviour of the materials used were analysed during two vegetation seasons. Investigations confirmed the usefulness of the technology for the protection of steep slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative geotextiles built from meandrically arranged thick ropes were produced. For the production of the geotextiles, the strips of woollen nonwoven were used. The segments of the geotextiles were installed on the bank of a drainage ditch. The behaviour of the geotextiles during 1 year was observed. It was demonstrated that the geotextiles installed in the ditch provide immediate protection of the bank. In the soil-covered wool, the process of slow biodegradation was initiated. Because of a low biodegradation rate at the end of the growing season, when the protective vegetation was not well developed, the geotextiles maintained their protective potential. In the following months, the biodegradation led to further destruction of wool fibres. During the biodegradation, the organic compounds rich in nitrogen were released into the soil. In spring, at the beginning of new growing season, the compounds acted as effective fertilizers, promoting the growth of protective vegetation. The vegetation growing on the bank provided an effective protection and took over the protective function of the geotextiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecological Engineering / Inżynieria Ekologiczna is the property of Polish Society of Ecological Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecological Engineering / Inżynieria Ekologiczna is the property of Polish Society of Ecological Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coarse ropes designed for production of innovative protective geotextiles were obtained. For the production of ropes textile wastes were used. The ropes made from different materials were buried in the soil for six months. The mechanical parameters of materials forming the sheath and cover of the ropes before and after ground disposal were measured and morphology of the ropes were analysed. It was revealed that jute fabrics used as rope covers as well as sisal and cotton twine used for the formation of outer sheath degrade quickly. Cellulosic materials do not ensure the mechanical integrity of the ropes after ground disposal and are not suitable for the production thereof. On contrary, the wool nonwoven and nonwoven produced from recycled fibres biodegrade much slower. Despite of the degradation of outer sheath the ropes keep their integrity and may maintain their protective function in the ground for several months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tekstil: Journal of Textile & Clothing Technology is the property of Croatian Association of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geotextiles consisting of meandrically arranged coarse ropes were produced. For the production of the ropes Kemafi l technology was applied and the wastes of various nonwovens were used. The geotextiles were used for the protection of the roadside ditch in a clay ground. After instalation of the geotextiles ensured immediate and effective protection of the ditch. During heavy rains the meandrically arranged geotextiles formed a system of cascades which slowed down the stream of water fl owing in the ditch. Additionally, the retention of water between the meanders of geotextiles and water absorption inside the ropes was observed. The materials used for the production of geotextiles had sufficient resistance to biodegradation and ensured the protection of the ditch at least for one growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of tissue engineering is to repair or replace the function of defective or damaged tissue. One of the key factors is the creation of a scaffold as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for cellular attachment, proliferation and differentiation. In scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, both the porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffold are of great importance. To mimic the structure of natural ECM, three fibrous scaffolds based on composite carbon fibres containing nanohydroxyapatite were fabricated using nonwoven techniques. The overall objective of the present work was to compare and analyse the properties of needle-punched nonwoven produced from PAN and PAN/HAp fibres before and after stabilization and carboniation processes. The characterisation of the scaffold showed that after the carbonisation process, the nonwoven had an interconnective microporous structure (70-150 µm), high porosity as well as mechanical and structural integrity. Soaking the nonwoven in simulated body fluid (SBF) at body temperature formed a bone-like apatite on the fibre surface. The formation of the bone-like apatite demonstrates the potential of nonwovens for integration with bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the technological parameters of the padding process on the filtration properties of polyester nonwoven fabrics was analyzed. The variables were surface weight and binding agent concentration. The filtration properties were indirectly analyzed by pore size measurements and pore size distribution. The results obtained proved that the surface weight of webs strongly influenced the volumetric air flow of the tested nonwoven fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]