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Modern tourism expands through cultural experience, which is reflected in economic, ecological and socio-cultural effects on destinations. Event tourism is a growing market segment and represents a challenge for all destination stakeholders. As the largest town in the Croatian part of Istria, the City of Pula represents a valid basis for the development of event tourism due to its coastal geography and rich cultural and historical heritage from antique, medieval and new age periods. The festival and event organisers in Pula use historical and cultural themes in order to develop annual attractions by which they draw in tourists and brand the destination. In this paper, the hypothesis is set on the lack of benefits from event organisation in the destination (the City of Pula) in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural senses. In resolving of research problems with authorised representatives of local boards Arena, Monte Zaro and Stinjan, standardised, semi-structured and problem-centred interviews were conducted for the purposes of contribution to research relative to sustainability and responsibility of events in tourism.

Modern tourism expands through cultural experience, which is reflected in economic, ecological and socio-cultural effects on destinations. Event tourism is a growing market segment and represents a challenge for all destination stakeholders. As the largest town in the Croatian part of Istria, the City of Pula represents a valid basis for the development of event tourism due to its coastal geography and rich cultural and historical heritage from antique, medieval and new age periods. The festival and event organisers in Pula use historical and cultural themes in order to develop annual attractions by which they draw in tourists and brand the destination. In this paper, the hypothesis is set on the lack of benefits from event organisation in the destination (the City of Pula) in the ecological, economic and socio-cultural senses. In resolving of research problems with authorised representatives of local boards Arena, Monte Zaro and Stinjan, standardised, semi-structured and problem-centred interviews were conducted for the purposes of contribution to research relative to sustainability and responsibility of events in tourism.

Küreselleşen dünya ile birlikte işletmeler uluslararası arenada faaliyet gösterebilmek ve kurumları açısından pozitif sonuçlara ulaşabilmek için birbirlerine ve kurumlarına güven duyan çalışanlara sahip olmak istemektedir. Güven genel olarak dürüstlük ve doğruluk olarak ifade edilmektedir. Örgütsel güven ise genel hatları ile örgütün belirsiz ve riskli bir durumla karşılaştığında örgütün taahhütlerinin ve davranışlarının tutarlı olduğuna dair inançları ifade etmektedir. Bu noktada işgörenin işini kaybetme riskine karşı da örgütüne güven duyması önemlidir. Dolayısıyla işgüvencesi açısından haklı bir nedenin ortaya çıkma ihtimalinde dahi işgörenin hangi şartlarda örgütüne güven duyacağı önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma da, genel hatlarıyla bu iki kavramı ele alarak aralarındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır

Croatia has a set of cultural, historical and natural attractions and also has a great tourism potential needed to be supported by the sustainability concept of tourism development. Current Local Agenda 21 processes emphasize a cooperative approach to identifying the community’ s goals for tourism. Article present example of sustainable regional project in Croatian tourism on the Town of Rovinj. In spite of difficulties involved in trying to find an acceptable definition for sustainability in Croatia, the example present how society develops along sustainable principles.

The papers deals with the problems that have arisen due to the rapid development of traveling motives in the world tourism market. Croatia, as Mediterranean tourism country still does not have a clear solution of alternative tourism offer. There are other problems that are generated by the growing number of tourists and changes in tourism consumption. In the paper author have demonstrated the results of influences of trends in the tourist demand side. The changes in the tourist demand have resulted in the charge in the concept of mass type of tourism. Such trends have influenced the emergence of specializde producers and offers of typical Croatian products.

We live in a world where we collect huge amounts of data, but if this data is not further analyzed, it remains only huge amounts of data. With new methods and techniques, we can use this data, analyze it and get a great advantage. The perfect method for this is data mining. Data mining is the process of extracting hidden and useful information and patterns from large data sets. Its application in various areas such as finance, telecommunications, healthcare, sales marketing, banking, etc. is already well known. In this paper, we want to introduce special use of data mining in education, called educational data mining. Educational Data Mining (EDM) is an interdisciplinary research area created as the application of data mining in the educational field. It uses different methods and techniques from machine learning, statistics, data mining and data analysis, to analyze data collected during teaching and learning. Educational Data Mining is the process of raw data transformation from large educational databases to useful and meaningful information which can be used for a better understanding of students and their learning conditions, improving teaching support as well as for decision making in educational systems.The goal of this paper is to introduce educational data mining and to present its application and benefits.

In 2015 Croatia reformed family law legislation. Among other family law issues, divorce proceedings were changed significantly. This reform was mostly marked with strengthening of procedural rights of a child and simplification of divorce proceedings in situation of mutual agreement of spouses about parental responsibility issues. Croatian legislator introduced different mechanisms to help parents to achieve that kind of agreement, taking into great consideration importance of respect of all procedural rights of a child. These changes reflect notably to the financial costs and the lent of divorce proceeding, thus creating a range of economic issues related to the new legal solutions. Paper will start with the analyses of divorce legal orders in Croatia with special regard to the new mandatory counselling proceeding. Economic issues of divorce proceedings with and without parental responsibility agreement will be discussed indicating financial dilemmas arising from it. Comparison of divorce proceeding case in accordance to Family act 2003 to divorce proceeding case in accordance to Family act 2015 will be conducted in order to bring conclusions about their financial differences. The authors will present the results of empirical research conducted before the municipal court in Osijek, regarding the economic changes that the new regulations undergo. Finally, authors will give their viewpoints about (dis)advantages of new Croatian approach of divorce and directions for further scientific researches in this thematic area.

Following the results of a recent study that focused on the difference in the perceptions of the two cities, a pilot study was conducted with the variables contextualised from a city to a university setting. The aim was to explore smart city concepts in the context of universities as they are seen as early adopters of technologies that make students’ lives easier and the university more attractive. Starting from the original model, the focus is on the contextualisation of the research variables – the perception of university management, fellow students, and Perceived External Prestige (PEP) as antecedents of university affective commitment. The research is further extended by exploring the effect of smart university features across standard six axes or dimensions (smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, smart governance). The paper presents the preliminary survey results, including the construct validity using exploratory factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha.

The aim of this paper is to point out the changes that are happening in the entrepreneurial practices, and are based on the changes that are taking place within the societies in which they exist. Trends in the development of post-modern society are significantly impacted by the basic tenets of entrepreneurship development. Roots entrepreneurship recognize such ideas and the power of individuals who have launched a variety of business processes, and indirectly they rolled wheel of history in an entirely new direction. The entrepreneurial process, since ancient times, has been linked with the individual who creates new value by developing existing resources at his disposal. The highlight of the practice we encounter in modern through the transition from the manual in industrial production. Postmodern will bring a whole new social paradigm, and will expand the enterprise, with individual access to entrepreneurial enterprise, the association of individuals who shared ideas and capabilities open the way for an entrepreneurial venture. Entrepreneurial practice in modern recognize as individuals and company’s beginners, in post- modern society will complement the new forms of entrepreneurial activity. Fundamental business practise will be fully adapted to new social trends of the post-modern society.

The focus of this paper is the state of the music industry within the context of digitization. This paper defines a musical composition as a subject of copyright, then clarifies the difference between the old and new musical economy. The digitization process has caused a radical change in the way music is consumed. For this reason some of the business models of the music industry are presented within this paper, with special emphasis on the digital age.

Abbreviation STEM comes from English and it is an acronym based on first letter four fields: science, technology, engineering and mathematics. There is no ambiguous word in Croatia for STEM but includes more sciences, such as informatics, physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, engineering in general. STEM as a field is recognized as a potential economic growth initiator in many countries in last few years, so in Croatia as well. Although importance of STEM and willingness for increasing number of high educated and qualitative experts in STEM fields, but demand scholars and future students for education in STEM fields is not significantly enlarged. Despite running school reform in Croatia and high intentions of involving more knowledge and skills for high technologies already in primary school, still there is a lack of feedback for higher demand for entering in high schools and faculties in STEM fields. Based on this information there is a need for more promotion of STEM and education in STEM fields as a desirable to future scholars and students, all for creating high educated experts who will be in future innovation holders, new technology solution experts and initiators of economic growth. This article has an aim to find reasons for lack of demand for entering education programmes in STEM and disproportion between market need and also is trying to answer a question if there is a possibility for better promotion of STEM based on new technology for increasing future students’ interest for STEM. At the end there are concrete suggestions for communication channels and marketing options that can be used for approaching STEM to young generations and potential students, for increasing attractiveness of STEM education programmes and faculties to future students. This research includes different sources of information, from strategic document of Republic of Croatia and European Union, published analysis on internet, monitoring some profiles on social networks and finally summed data from origin questionnaire done in one Croatian high school. In this work is also used “Annual research about entering on faculties and first class student’s satisfaction in universities” that is done by www.srednja.hr in 2014 in cooperation with Algebra, High school for computer engineering and is also assigned authors for this work.

The impact of globalization on economic growth has not yet been fully explored. This influence cannot be theoretically defined as strictly positive or strictly negative. Empirical studies show that different countries receive different benefits from globalization. Also, the dimensions and subdimensions of globalization often vary in the intensity of their impact on countries or even vary between positive and negative effects. Due to their specificity, the impact of globalization on developing countries is of particular interest. Five of those countries, the so-called BRICS countries are analyzed in this paper. This paper finds positive and statistically significant impact of globalization on economic growth in BRICS countries from 1993 to 2016.

Modern tourism trends form the way people vacation and travel and impose the necessity of researching, planning, forming, and managing the tourism product of a certain area. Križnica as a protected area of nature can offer a high- quality tourist product adapted to the niche segments of tourism consumers, especially to the segment of eco-tourists and adventure tourists. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to determine the characteristics of the tourist product of the Križnica area as one the crucial elements of the marketing mix which has to, without doubt, be properly managed in order to preserve the natural resource base of an area on one hand, and on the other hand in order to achieve an appropriate position in the competitive tourism market. The methods of documentation analysis and interviews were used for collecting the primary data. The contribution of the paper will be shown in defining the characteristic elements of Križnica’s tourism product, as well as in suggesting how to improve not only that tourist product but also the overall tourist offer of the area of Križnica.

The recent developments showed that financial stability and real estate prices are strongly related. Also, boom-bust price cycles in real estate sector have huge impact on systemic risk acumulation and can cause large macroeconomic imbalances. In the period of the recovery of the economy, the central banks have continued with policy of quantitatie easaning and stimulation of credit cycle upturns. Low interest rate environment and low-cost credit supply could contribute to increase of demand for housing loans. Consequently, the prices in residential real estate sector could increase. This paper analyses the developments in residential real estate sector and explores the possible causes of real estate price changes in Croatia. The correlation analysis confirmed that better financial conditions have strong positive correlation to residential real estate price growth. Also, the average nominal net payment and residential real estate prices have strong positive correlation. The Granger Causality test confirmed that banks` credit activity for house loans, the increase of nominal net payment and better financial conditions can cause residential real estate prices increase. The problem of residential real estate prices could encourage the procyclical behaviour of debtors and creditors, which in the long-run could lead to new systemic risk accumulation and instability of the macroeconomic balance. Due to events in the recent past, the regulators, especially central banks, observe the real estate prices trends. The prices of real estate used as collateral for housing loans have huge importance for monetary policy makers because they can affect the banks` balance sheet and stimulate the multiplication of loans and deposits. From that point of view, the role of residential real estate prices is crucial in the monetary transmission mechanism because of targeting effective monetary strategy.

Machine learning has become very popular because the supporting infrastructure is now available for reasonable price and most companies have big data sources for solving problems in a high-dimensional space. There are many business use cases that show successful application of machine learning methods. However, machine learning methods are complex, so many cloud providers (e.g. Google, Amazon, Microsoft) have recently started to offer different machine learning services. SMEs often want to use multiple machine learning services of different cloud providers. In this work, we present current state-of-the-art of machine learning services interoperability research. Additionally, a real use case is implemented to show how SMEs can use two machine learning services of two different cloud providers in one application. Concretely, a web application has been developed by implementing machine learning services of two different cloud service providers. The following services are used within the practical example: text detection with the support of the Google Cloud Platform and text translation services with the support of Microsoft Azure. The idea of the practical example is to show the interoperability of the mentioned platforms.

The focuse of this paper is the institute of special evidentiary actions, its application in practice, and the question to what extent the content component of the investigating judge's order must be justify in order to respond to the challenge of the standard of legal predictability. Proving the existence of certain forms of crime, with elements of conspiracy and latency, would be significantly hampered without the use of special evidentiary actions. The complexity of this challenge is raised to a higher level as it involves certain encroachment into individual human rights that are proclaimed as the highest constitutional values and are the subject of numerous international conventions and documents. Special evidentiary actions are taken latently, or secretly, because otherwise the realization of their very nature and purpose would be thwarted. In the light of this, the main guarantee of the protection of the defendants rights, as well as other persons, from excessive interventions into their fundamental rights lies precisely in the role of the court. The turning point in Croatian court practice was the decision of the European court for human rights in the case Dragojević v. Croatia, successively followed by the decisions in the cases of Bašić v. Croatia and Matanović v. Croatia, in the field of retrospective statement of reasons for investigating judge's orders, through the application of special evidentiary actions in practice. Such practice of domestic courts, by the decision of European court for human rights, was established as a behavior contrary to Art. 8. of the Convention, which led to a reassessment of the assurance level of appropriate guarantees against various possible abuses by public authorities

Business-IT alignment (BITA) skills are one of the top concerns in companies since a misunderstanding is a common issue between the business units and the informatics department. BITA is becoming even more important with the challenges that the digital transformation is posing. Accordingly, top-level managers coming from the business domain are expected to have profound knowledge about information technology (IT) and related topics. The goal of this paper is to present an educational approach for developing BITA skills in the graduate-level course of Data Management in Business Administration university program. A project assignment is designed with the purpose of strengthening the BITA skills of business students. Additional objectives of the project are related to the learning outcomes of the course. Those include acquiring knowledge about databases and database modeling in order to empower students for gaining insights from data and recognizing the opportunities for business improvement in the digital economy. In order to meet the research goal of the article, the steps in the project assignment are shown. Students are required to simulate a business environment. Firstly, the business environment of a company which is encountered with digital disruption in their industry is designed. After that, actions for business improvement are defined. Then, modeling of a relational database that can support subsequent business requests is carried out. In the end, programming skills in SQL are applied to gain quality information needed for business actions. The presented project assignment incorporates a combination of business, IT, and digital skills which foster business development. Since employees and managers with strong BITA capabilities help companies to mitigate risks of losing time and money, and overseeing business opportunities for growth, the presented educational approach can be of great value to educators in higher education and business.

Active Labour Market Policy (ALMP) aims to reduce unemployment by increasing the employability of specific categories of the unemployed. Occupational training without commencing employment, officially called Work, Internship and Transportation, is a form of the Youth Guarantee reform. This measure, which has been implemented since mid-2010 by co-financing the work of young people with no work experience, has both advantages and disadvantages that we wanted to explore more closely. Therefore, in May 2018, a survey was conducted on a sample of 207 young people up to the age of thirty, who were beneficiaries of the aforementioned measure in the City of Split. The study aimed to investigate the (dis-)advantages of occupational training without commencing employment, as well as the effects of the implemented measure on further employment. During the study, the majority of respondents were unemployed and limited-term employees. Prior to the implementation of occupational training, they expected interesting work assignments (71.5%), effective work relationships (86.5%), and adequate workspace and equipment (more than 80%). The respondents with a university degree did not rate occupational training more positively than those with lower education, nor did they mention its greater benefits in further employment. As for the main reasons in favour of the implementation of occupational training without commencing employment, the respondents emphasize the need for work experience of any kind, especially such in the professions which they were educated for, and the acquisition of formal work experience. In addition to their positive experiences, such as gaining new knowledge and acquaintances, they also highlight the negative experiences and shortcomings of the measure. These are, primarily, insufficient remuneration and equally poor job prospects after training, lack of acquired expertise, a feeling of working for free, as well as the “circularity” of the measure, which significantly impedes permanent employment in the workplace where the training was conducted. In conclusion, the measure mainly provides a temporary solution of youth unemployment and mitigates its proportions, contributing to an apparent reduction in the number of unemployed.

The aim of this paper is to point to a change in the cost paradigm that has emerged as a direct consequence of digitizing the production and distribution of media content in the production of the magazines. The turn of the century marked dramatic changes within the business system in the media industry. Digitalisation and convergence of the production system as well as the development of the Internet have directly influenced the development and implementation of a new mode of production and distribution of goods in the media industry. The new business model has fundamentally changed the landscape within all categories of the media industry. Changes affecting publishing have quickly resulted in the development of digital editions of books, newspapers and magazines. Digitalisation of production directly influenced the change of the cost paradigm at the level of total cost distribution. The cost of the first copy in the magazine industry did not change much. The changes directly affected the variable costs of each of the following units produced. The transition to digitized production of media content in the magazine industry directly influenced the development of a marginal production cost near to zero.

The paper analyzes the role of persons with disabilities in employers and the impact and role of persons with disabilities on the labor market. The main problem faced by people with disabilities is their low representation in the labor market and discrimination by both society and employers. It is worth pointing out the unemployment of persons with disabilities, which is several times higher than the average unemployment in society, which is often the result of prejudices themselves. A working man can show and prove that he is worthy and capable of working, learning and developing, earning a living wage and thus securing a livelihood. Persons who are capable and willing to work without being given the opportunity are greatly restricted and denied not only the right to work, but other fundamental human rights. The work helps us to achieve positively valued social roles, self-esteem, enables communication with the environment, contributes to creating a positive image of ourselves and our values and is a prerequisite for self-actualization. In line with the problem, research goals have been set that are aimed at supporting the marginalized group of people, that is, people who are particularly “vulnerable” in the labor market, inorder to recognize the need to create incentives and regulations within the system that would result in a better position and greater the inclusion of people with disabilities in society. This paper analyzes the data collected from the labor market questionnaire from different employers who have different legal form, size and number of persons employed in different markets. Basic statistical methods are used in data processing. The results of the research confirm the hypotheses. Social action that will result in the necessary changes and facilitate equal participation of persons with disabilities in all areas of social life should be encouraged.

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for implementing social networks in educational process in order to increase students’ engagement, satisfaction and loyalty. The objectives of the study are threefold: firstly, to determine whether online social networking has an impact on online students’ engagement ; secondly, to determine the relationship between online students’ engagement and students’ satisfaction and thirdly to explore the relationship between students’ satisfaction and students’ loyalty. The three hypotheses were established based on the previous research and were tested by empirical research on a sample of 278 respondents. The hypotheses were validated by partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The research confirmed the positive relationship between the online social networking and online students’ engagement. Also, the research results pointed out that students’ loyalty to a higher education institution is positively affected by the overall students’ satisfaction. Implications for higher education institutions as well as limitations and suggestions for further research were determined.

A highly productive labour market, characterized by a high level of labour skills, knowledge and discipline, is a key prerequisite for economic growth. However, labour markets are rather complex. The demand for labour, as well as its supply, depend on a number of factors, often specific for a particular economy. This paper aims at providing an analysis of the labour market trends in Croatia in comparison to its counterparts within the EU28. Croatian labour market indicators imply one of the highest unemployment and lowest employment rates in comparison to other EU28 countries, especially regarding youth unemployment. The analysis also implies high labour costs in comparison to other post transitional EU economies, high wage rigidity as well as employment protection regulation rigidity. At the same time, relatively high labour costs are not accompanied by high labour productivity, as they should be. The observed negative labour market trends cannot be entirely explained by the cyclical movement of the Croatian economy. Dealing with the challenges of the Croatian labour market makes it necessary to take a broader perspective into account as well as the complexity of the transitional heritage. Improvement of the labour market situation in Croatia requires a strategic approach including a wide range of strategically coordinated policy measures at national level.

The Michelin Guide, besides contributing to the popularization of the “fine dining” restaurants, has also set Croatia on the gastro map of Europe. Croatia received an objective assessment of top experts and we have been given the opportunity and clear standards for quality service, creativity and variety. The purpose and aim of the paper is to explore the impact of Michelin's quality standards on increasing the profitability of the restaurant industry and contribution to the competitiveness of Croatian gastronomic offer on a global scale. By setting clear quality criteria through measurements in the survey questionnaire, the restaurant owners and/or the main chefs ; attitudes on the clarity of Michelin's quality standards have already been set. Determining the importance of some quality criteria on the reference sample of restaurants, included in The Michelin Guide and those with the highest ratings on TripAdvisor, we’ve come interesting conclusions. The conducted research has shown that in most of the restaurants involved in the survey, the introduction of the Michelin Guide influenced positively. The Michelin Guide has more influence on restaurants in larger towns (Zagreb) and on popular tourist destinations (Istria, Kvarner, Dalmatia). Quality service analysis found that Croatian gastronomy still has a lot of work and money to invest in order to progress. As the most important recommendation for the further development of the restaurant industry, the need for permanent investment in education and training is emphasized. This leads to improvement of service quality in restaurants, which will result in a unique gastronomic offer that will stimulate visitors to return to the same restaurant, thus contributing to branding Croatia as a gastro region and leading to sustainable development.

This paper deals with differences between book and tax reporting by observing nominal and effective income tax rate for companies that are listed on Zagreb Stock Exchange in period from 2014 to 2017. Problem arises from the book income and income tax base which is derived from book income by applying tax regulations. Based on the financial reports effective corporate income tax rate was estimated. Roughly, it can be said that there exist two parallel reporting systems, book system which is available for investors and general public and tax system which is not available for general public. Results showed unexpectedly large differences between nominal and effective corporate income tax rate and what is most surprising results showed that large number of firms reported negative financial results continuously in observed period. Despite general picture there exist sectors which reported profit and paid effective income tax rate which is above prescribed nominal tax rate. This paper opens large number of questions ; does tax system allow managers to change strongly corporate income tax base, structural macroeconomic question -is it fair that only few sectors pay vast amount of income tax and are real information on firm’s operations hidden in corporate income tax related report which is publicly unavailable.