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2. Cyfryzacja a zrównoważony rozwój państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Działania wspierające „zrównoważoną cyfryzację".

Author

Grynia, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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3. CYFRYZACJA JAKO DETERMINANTA MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ KONKURENCYJNOŚCI GOSPODARKI. PRZYPADEK KRAJÓW EUROPY ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ.

Author

GRYNIA, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Optimum. Economic Studies is the property of University of Bialystok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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5. Changes in foreign trade of the Baltic countries after accession to the EU

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
Lietuva (Lithuania), Latvija (Latvia), Prekybos politika / Trade policy, Ekonominė politika. Globalizacija. Integracija / Economic policy. Globalisation. Integration, Estija (Estonia), Economic integration
Abstract

Background: Foreign trade is the area in which the effects of the Baltic countries’ (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) accession to the European Union manifested themselves relatively quickly. Basically, the liberalization of trade with the Member States and the adoption of the principles of a common trade policy with third party countries resulted in the changing of the terms of trade with all countries from. These changes, according to integration theory, should result in the creation of as well as the shifting of trade streams. Research purpose: The purpose of the analysis in this article is to demonstrate that the indicated changes resulting from economic integration were factors that influenced the size and structure of foreign trade in the Baltic States. Methods: The total commodity turnover and its division into product types according to the SITC classification were analyzed. Attention was particularly focused on the share of intra-Community trade to overall trade, as well as changes in the exchange of goods between the Baltic countries and the rest of the world. The research period covers the years 2005–2018, and the data for the calculations was taken from the Eurostat database. Conclusions: The study reveals that the effect of creating trade was more visible before the accession of the Baltic countries to the integration group than after. There was also a shift of trade towards non-Community trade, while internal trade shifted towards new member states.

Published
2020

7. ZMIANY W HANDLU ZAGRANICZNYM KRAJÓW BAŁTYCKICH PO WEJŚCIU DO UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ.

Author

GRYNIA, Alina

Subjects
EUROPEAN Union membership, FREE trade, INTERNATIONAL trade, TERMS of trade, COMMERCIAL policy
Abstract

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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9. Działalność innowacyjna litewskich przedsiębiorstw w dobie globalizacji

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
Inovacijos / Innovations, Įmonės. Bendrovės / Companies. Enterprises, Inovacinė veikla, Inovatyvios kompanijos, Lithuanian enterprises, Lietuva (Lithuania), Inovacijų veikla, Kompanijos
Abstract

In the modern world economy business development is influenced by globalization and regional integration. As a result, companies operate in the environment characterized by a tightening competition and rapid technological progress. Several studies conducted at both company and national level reveal a significant impact of innovation activities on the condition of individual enterprises as well as the whole economy. In relation to the above, the purpose of the article is to examine the level of innovation activity undertaken by Lithuanian companies and to show its similarities and differences in relation to EU companies. The first part of the article brings up the theoretical foundations of innovation, while the next parts use secondary data obtained from the Lithuanian Department of Statistics and Eurostat in order to provide the level of innovation activity. The article uses statistical and comparative analysis.

Published
2016

10. Human capital as a determinant of competiti veness of the economies of the Baltic states

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
World Economic Forum, Lietuva (Lithuania), Konkurencija / Competition, Human capital, Žmogiškasis kapitalas, Baltijos šalys (Baltic States), Competitiveness
Abstract

Nowadays competitive economy is considered as a primary objective of any country, because in the long term enhanced competitiveness leads to an increase of productivity and creation of new jobs and improves the quality of life. Competitiveness is a multidimensional and dynamic phenomenon, shaped by a number of different factors, including the human capital understood as a set of knowledge, skills and competencies of employees and their professional experience. The purpose of this article is to present the importance of human capital as a factor determining the level of competitiveness of the economies of the Baltic States. For the analysis of changes in the competitiveness of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the period 2006–2015 international competitiveness rankings compiled by the World Economic Forum were used.

Published
2015

13. Competitiveness of Lithuania’s tax system compared to the countries of the European Union

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
Mokesčiai / Taxation, International tax competition, Lietuva (Lithuania), Verslas / Business, Business taxes
Abstract

The diversity of tax systems in the EU encourages tax competition, which generally means providing foreign investors with better and more convenient solutions. National business may also consider the possibility of relocating to another country that offers better conditions for doing business, for example through lower tax burden or tax preferences. The purpose of this article is to assess the Lithuanian tax system in terms of its competitiveness compared to other tax systems in the European Union taking into consideration the amount of the total tax burden, nominal and real rates of corporate income tax, and pro-investment tax credits. The competitiveness of the Lithuanian tax system is also verified by an assessment of friendliness to entrepreneurs based on the Paying Taxes reports.

Published
2014

14. ZMIANY NA RYNKACH PRACY KRAJÓW EUROPY ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ W KONTEKŚCIEICH KONKURENCYJNOŚCI MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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15. Conditions for conducting business activity in Lithuania in 2006–2012

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
Įmonės. Bendrovės / Companies. Enterprises, Lietuva (Lithuania), Naujos firmos, Verslas / Business, Teisės ir laisvės / Rights and freedoms, Biurokratija
Abstract

The following paper is an attempt to examine the conditions under which business is carried out in Lithuania. To evaluate these terms the most important international rankings were used. The methodology of their construction was introduced and the results of seven years were summarized. The strongest and weakest points of the economy of Lithuania were identified and a comparison with other countries in the region was drawn. The analysis points to the conclusion that Lithuanian entrepreneurs operate in the legal and institutional environment which in some areas is similar to that of most countries of the EU, or even better (for example in the registration of ownership). However, there are some particular regulations that make the conditions of doing business in Lithuania much more difficult than for their European competitors. Among the areas in which Lithuania clearly lags behind the countries considered to be business-friendly in its regulations and procedures are the following issues: tax regulations and tax rates, labor on starting and closing business.

Published
2012

17. Pozycja konkurencyjna Litwy w wymianie towarowej z krajami pozaunijnymi.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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18. BEZPOŚREDNIE INWESTYCJE ZAGRANICZNE NA LITWIE NA TLE EUROPY ŚRODKOWO-WSCHODNIEJ.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017
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21. Innovation activity of Lithuanian enterprises in the age of globalisation.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
BUSINESS enterprises, GLOBALIZATION, INNOVATIONS in business
Abstract

Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2016
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23. INNOWACYJNOŚĆ I KONKURENCYJNOŚĆ MIĘDZYNARODOWA LITWY.

Author

GRYNIA, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2015

24. INNOWACYJNOŚĆ KRAJÓW BAŁTYCKICH:POTENCJAŁ I BARIERY.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Abstract

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2015
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25. KAPITAŁ LUDZKI JAKO DETERMINANTA KONKURENCYJNOŚCI GOSPODAREK PAŃSTW BAŁTYCKICH.

Author

GRYNIA, Alina

Subjects
MIXED economy, ECONOMIC competition, HUMAN capital, ECONOMIC history
Abstract

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2015

26. Konkurencyjność systemu podatkowego Litwy na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej.

Author

Grynia, Alina

Subjects
TAXATION, BUSINESS relocation, TAX incidence, TAX expenditures, TAXATION of business enterprises, ECONOMICS
Abstract

Copyright of International Business & Global Economy is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2014
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