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The role that ontologies play or can play in designing and employing semantic technologies has been widely acknowledged by the Semantic Web and Linked Data communities. But the level of collaboration between these communities and the Applied Ontology community has been much less than expected. And ontologies and ontological techniques appear to be of marginal use in Big Data and its applications. To understand this situation and foster greater collaboration, Ontology Summit 2014 brought together representatives from the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data and Applied Ontology communities, to address three basic problems involving applied ontology and these communities: (1) The role of ontologies [in these communities], (2) Current uses of ontologies in these communities, and (3) Engineering of ontologies and semantic integration. The intent was to identify and understand: (a) causes and challenges (e.g. scalability) that hinder reuse of ontologies in SW and LD, (b) solutions that can reduce the differences between ontologies on and off line, and (c) solutions to overcome engineering bottlenecks in current Semantic Web and Big Data applications. Over the past four months, presentations from, and discussions with, representatives of the Semantic Web, Linked Data, and Applied Ontology communities have taken place across four tracks. Each Track focused on different aspects of this year?s Summit topic: (Track A) Investigation of sharable and reusable ontologies; (Track B) Tools, services and techniques for a comprehensive and effective use of ontologies; (Track C) Investigation of the engineering bottlenecks and the ways to prevent and overcome them; (Track D) Enquiry on the variety problem in Big Data. In addition to the four Tracks? activities there was a Hackathon. Six different Hackathon projects took place, all available at their individual project public repositories. An online Community Library and an online Ontology Repository have been created as freely accessible Community resources. This Ontology Summit 2014 Communique presents a summary of the results, original in its attempt both to merge different communities? discourses and to achieve consensus across the Summit participants with respect to open problems and recommendations to address them. Fil: Obrst, Leo. The MITRE Corporation; Estados Unidos Fil: Gruninger, Michael. University Of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Baclawski, Ken. Northeastern University; Estados Unidos Fil: Bennett, Mike. Hypercube Ltd.; Reino Unido Fil: Brickley, Dan. Google; Reino Unido Fil: Berg Cross, Gary. Knowledge Strategies; Estados Unidos Fil: Hitzler, Pascal. Wright State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Janowicz, Krzysztof. University of California; Estados Unidos Fil: Kapp, Christine. Hypercube Ltd; Estados Unidos Fil: Kutz, Oliver. Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Alemania Fil: Lange, Christoph. University of Bonn; Alemania Fil: Levenchuk, Anatoly. TechInvestLab.ru; Rusia Fil: Quattri, Francesca. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong Fil: Rector, Alan. University Of Manchester; Reino Unido Fil: Schneider, Todd. PDS, Inc.; Estados Unidos Fil: Spero, Simon. University Of North Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Thessen, Anne. Arizona State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Vegetti, Maria Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño (i); Argentina Fil: Vizedom, Amanda. Criticollab; Estados Unidos Fil: Westerinen, Andrea. Nine Points Solutions; Estados Unidos Fil: West, Matthew. Information Junction; Reino Unido Fil: Yim, Peter. CIM Engineering, Inc.; Estados Unidos

The paper provides a summary of the discussions held in a working group during ICEIMT Workshop 4 (Enterprise Integration Principles and Fundamentals). The topic of the working group was "Formal Semantics of Enterprise Models". In the paper, we suggest that enterprise integration is currently hindered by shortcomings of enterprise modelling languages (section 1), that a better language should be defined and that its semantics should be defined in terms of a formal theory (section 2). The paper concludes with two proposals for research and standardisation projects (section 3).

Solution-processed and thermally annealed thin films from a series of nalkyl terminated anilino squaraines are systematically investigated regarding their structural and optical properties by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Their characteristic intense double-hump-shaped absorbance spectra consisting of coupled H-aggregate and intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) resonance bands make them appealing for fundamental light−matter interaction studies, and their environmental sustainability invites for consumer optoelectronic applications. Now, the single-crystal structure of the n-pentyl anilino squaraine (nPSQ) provides a missing link to identify potential odd−even effects with respect to the terminal alkyl chain for bulk crystals. While all single crystals adopt a triclinic unit cell with biaxial dielectric properties, the thin films condense into effectively uniaxial anisotropic thin films. Here, the inherently low sensitivity to the ut-ofplane complex refractive index of SE in reflection is reasonably compensated by adding transmission SE and transmission intensity data. With that, a general picture of the structural and dielectric properties of n-alkyl anilino squaraine thin films is launched, revealing that the terminal alkyl chain length affects the structural and optical properties in a twofold way: we observe a steady change which is superimposed by an anisotropic odd−even effect.

The goal of the REMINE project is to build a high performance prediction, detection and monitoring platform for managing Risks against Patient Safety (RAPS). Part of the work involves developing in ontology enabling computer-assisted RAPS decision support on the basis of the disease history of a patient as documented in a hospital information system. A requirement of the ontology is to contain a representation for what is commonly referred to by the term 'adverse event', one challenge being that distinct authoritative sources define this term in different and context-dependent ways. The presence of some common ground in all definitions is, however, obvious. Using the analytical principles underlying Basic Formal Ontology and Referent Tracking, both developed in the tradition of philosophical realism, we propose a formal representation of this common ground which combines a reference ontology consisting exclusively of representations of universals and an application ontology which consists representations of defined classes. We argue that what in most cases is referred to by means of the term 'adverse event' - when used generically - is a defined class rather than a universal. In favour of the conception of adverse events as forming a defined class are the arguments that (1) there is no definition for 'adverse event' that carves out a collection of particulars which constitutes the extension of a universal, and (2) the majority of definitions require adverse events to be (variably) the result of some observation, assessment or (absence of) expectation, thereby giving these entities a nominal or epistemological flavour.

We develop a general ontology of science knowledge for use in e-Science Knowledge Infrastructures (SKIo), to advance use of digitally represented scientific theories in these environments. SKIo extends the DOLCE foundational ontology with science knowledge primitives, such as science theories, models, and data. These are arranged to reflect the complex knowledge structures used in science, such as scientific ideas playing different roles within and between theories. SKIo is illustrated in UML, encoded in OWL-DL, uses the Descriptions and Situations extension, and provides defining conditions for its primitives to enable an extensible and rigorous bridge between a foundational ontology and domain science ontologies. Testing with several environmental theories confirms the suitability of its representation.

In this paper we present myPlanet, an ontology driven personalised Web-based service. We extended the existing infrastructure of the PlanetOnto news publishing system. Our concerns were mainly to provide lightweight means for ontology maintenance and ease the access to repositories of news items, a rich resource for information sharing. We reason about the information being shared by providing an ontology-driven interest-profiling tool which enable users to specify their interests. We also developed ontology-driven heuristics to find news items related to users� interests. This paper argues for the role of ontology-driven personalised Web-based services in information sharing.