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Preventive alcohologic priorities as the top public health priorities have to cinsist of the following activities: education, regulatiuon of the alcohol market, reduction of driving in intoxicated state, diminishing of damage, interventions toward alcoholics, investigation, supervision and exchange of information.

Exposure to HIV, hepatitis B and C in office practice and hospital. Prevention and post-exposure prophylaxis. The risk of infection after an occupational needle stick injury with blood from an infected source patient is approximately 0.3% for HIV and 0.5% for hepatitis C virus (HCV). In Switzerland no cases of occupational HBV infection have been recorded in fully vaccinated persons with a documented adequate vaccine response (HBsantibody titer >100 mIU/mL). Most occupational HIV und HBV infections can be prevented by appropriate emergency measures and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). No HCV-PEP is currently available. Early therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin should be considered in cases of occupational HCV seroconversion. Every hospital and office practice should establish a system for 24 h/24 h emergency management of occupational needle stick injuries. In the setting of an HIV-seropositive source patient and in complex situations, early consultation with a specialist in occupational medicine or infectious diseases should be considered.

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U radu se prikazuje sveobuhvatni tretman alkoholnog apstinencijskog sindrom. Opisuje se simptomatska slika, zbrinjavanje pacijenta, zaštita od samoga sebe i zaštita drugih od njega, zatim farmakoterapija, kontrola somatskih parametara uz nadoknade tekućina i elektrolita.

Depresivno raspoloženje često je prisutno u alkoholičara, naročito u početku uspostave apstinencije. Diferencijalno dijagnostički treba razlikovati poremećaj raspoloženja, koji uzrokuje uvid u situaciju u kojoj se alkoholičar nalazi, od primarnih i sekundarnih depresivnih poremećaja uz alkoholizam. Alkoholičare s depresijom, nakon dvodnevnog detoksifikacijskog postupka, potrebno je liječiti s antidepresivima uz psihoterapijski postupak. Prospektivnim istraživanjem obuhvaćeno je devedeset bolesnika s lakšim i srednje teškim depresivnim poremećajem, liječenih psihoterapijskim metodama uz primjenu sulpirida (Sulpirid) na Odjelu za alkoholizam Klinike za psihijatriju, alkoholizam i druge ovisnosti KB ''Sestre milosrdnice'' u Zagrebu. Bili su to muškarci u dobi 18 do 65 godina. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine. U prvoj. skupini primali su Sulpirid 3x 1 caps. od 50 miligrama, a u drugoj kontrolnoj skupini, primali su placebo. Obadvije skupine su tretirane individualnim i grupnim psihoterapijskim metodama u okviru socioterapijske zajednice. Razina depresivnog poremećaja ispitivana je Hamiltonovom i Beckovom skalom, koja je primijenjena po dolasku na liječenje, te nakon dva, četiri i šest tjedana od početka liječenja. Bolesnici su i klinički opservirani tijekom psihoterapijskih postupaka i ostalih aktivnosti koje se provode u terapijskoj zajednici. U radu su izneseni rezultati liječenja depresivnih poremećaja alkoholičara antidepresivima za vrijeme tretmana u socioterapijskoj zajednici.

Alcoholism and tuberculosis represent very difficult problem in treatment because both illnesses require complex treatment which cannot be adequately obtained on classic wards. Tuberculosis in the last 50 years showed the constant decline of incidence - in Croatia (4.500 000 inhabitants) from aproximatelly 20 000 to aproximatelly 2000 cases per year. This study compares preliminary results of AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) in the group of tuberculosis patients with the diagnosis of alcoholism (group 1) and in the group of tuberculosis patients who had not the diagnosis of alcoholism (group 2) and who all were admitted to the Hospital for pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis Klenovnik where is an organised unique ward management for tuberculosis and alcoholic patients functioning for the last 25 years on the basic principles of therapeutic community. Their average AUDIT score was 25, 44 - very high, and all patients scored above 8, what indicated on harmful and hazardous drinking. Additionally, in the group of patients admitted for hospital treatment of tuberculosis without diagnosis alcoholism there were more than 50% of harmful or hazardous alcohol drinkers who ranged 8 or more on AUDIT score, what could indicate that modern identification of hazardous drinking (for example using AUDIT) should be used in all pulmonary and tuberculosis wards. Patients for whom diagnostic procedure shows that they drink harmfully or hazardously should be treated simultaneously for tuberculosis and alcohol use disorders. Because of hidden alcohol problems the group sociotherapy should be organised for all patients at all wards for treatment of tuberculosis in a common and special alcohologic way.