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2. S-Nitroso-L-Cysteine Stereoselectively Blunts the Deleterious Effects of Fentanyl on Breathing While Augmenting Antinociception in Freely-Moving Rats

Author

Getsy, Paulina M., primary, Baby, Santhosh M., additional, Gruber, Ryan B., additional, Gaston, Benjamin, additional, Lewis, Tristan H. J., additional, Grossfield, Alan, additional, Seckler, James M., additional, Hsieh, Yee-Hsee, additional, Bates, James N., additional, and Lewis, Stephen J., additional

Published
2022
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3. Covering Politics.

Author

Gruber, Ryan, Wind, Andrew, and Trevidi, Neema

Abstract

Presents four articles considering: (1) the media's role in the coverage of politics; (2) the influence of photography particularly in terms of the president; (3) an event where an Iowa student had a chance to work with professionals while covering politics; and (4) considering scholastic reporters covering national candidates as they learn and experience frustration. (SC)

Published
2000

8. Low-dose morphine elicits ventilatory excitant and depressant responses in conscious rats: Role of peripheral μ-opioid receptors

Author

Henderson, Fraser, May, Walter J., Gruber, Ryan B., Young, Alex P., Palmer, Lisa A., Gaston, Benjamin, and Lewis, Stephen J.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

The systemic administration of morphine affects ventilation via a mixture of central and peripheral actions. The aims of this study were to characterize the ventilatory responses elicited by a low dose of morphine in conscious rats; to determine whether tolerance develops to these responses; and to determine the potential roles of peripheral μ-opioid receptors (μ-ORs) in these responses. Ventilatory parameters were monitored via unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. Conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of vehicle or the peripherally-restricted μ-OR antagonist, naloxone methiodide (NLXmi), and then three successive injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) given 30 min apart. The first injection of morphine in vehicle-treated rats elicited an array of ventilatory excitant (i.e., increases in frequency of breathing, minute volume, respiratory drive, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, accompanied by decreases in inspiratory time and end inspiratory pause) and inhibitory (i.e., a decrease in tidal volume and an increase in expiratory time) responses. Subsequent injections of morphine elicited progressively and substantially smaller responses. The pattern of ventilatory responses elicited by the first injection of morphine was substantially affected by pretreatment with NLXmi whereas NLXmi minimally affected the development of tolerance to these responses. Low-dose morphine elicits an array of ventilatory excitant and depressant effects in conscious rats that are subject to the development of tolerance. Many of these initial actions of morphine appear to involve activation of peripheral μ-ORs whereas the development of tolerance to these responses does not.

Published
2013

9. Identification and Characterization of GAL-021 as a Novel Breathing Control Modulator

Author

Golder, Francis J., primary, Dax, Scott, additional, Baby, Santhosh M., additional, Gruber, Ryan, additional, Hoshi, Toshinori, additional, Ideo, Courtney, additional, Kennedy, Andrew, additional, Peng, Sean, additional, Puskovic, Veljko, additional, Ritchie, David, additional, Woodward, Richard, additional, Wardle, Robert L., additional, Van Scott, Michael R., additional, Mannion, James C., additional, and MacIntyre, D. Euan, additional

Published
2015
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25. PALGBTIC.

Author

Datti, Paul A., Kenney, Mark, and Gruber, Ryan T.

Subjects
LGBTQ+ communities & society, EDUCATION of LGBTQ+ people, LGBTQ+ people, SOCIAL conditions of LGBTQ+ people, LGBTQ+ Americans, HUMAN services
Abstract

The article offers information related to the Pennsylvania Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (PALGBTIC), division of the Pennsylvania Counseling Association (PCA). Topics discussed include initiatives taken by the association for LGBT community such as education of LGBT people, social justice for LGBT and services for LGBT community.

Published
2014

26. Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic challenge.

Author

May WJ, Gruber RB, Discala JF, Puskovic V, Henderson F, Palmer LA, and Lewis SJ

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether morphine depresses the ventilatory responses elicited by a hypoxic challenge (10% O 2 , 90% N 2 ) in conscious rats at a time when the effects of morphine on arterial blood gas (ABG) chemistry, Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient and minute ventilation (V M ) had completely subsided. In vehicle-treated rats, each episode of hypoxia stimulated ventilatory function and the responses generally subsided during each normoxic period. Morphine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) induced an array of depressant effects on ABG chemistry, A-a gradient and V M (via decreases in tidal volume). Despite resolution of these morphine-induced effects, the first episode of hypoxia elicited substantially smaller increases in V M than in vehicle-treated rats, due mainly to smaller increases in frequency of breathing. The pattern of ventilatory responses during subsequent episodes of hypoxia and normoxia changed substantially in morphine-treated rats. It is evident that morphine has latent deleterious effects on ventilatory responses elicited by hypoxic challenge.

Published
2013
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27. Low-dose morphine elicits ventilatory excitant and depressant responses in conscious rats: Role of peripheral μ-opioid receptors.

Author

Henderson F, May WJ, Gruber RB, Young AP, Palmer LA, Gaston B, and Lewis SJ

Abstract

The systemic administration of morphine affects ventilation via a mixture of central and peripheral actions. The aims of this study were to characterize the ventilatory responses elicited by a low dose of morphine in conscious rats; to determine whether tolerance develops to these responses; and to determine the potential roles of peripheral μ-opioid receptors (μ-ORs) in these responses. Ventilatory parameters were monitored via unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. Conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of vehicle or the peripherally-restricted μ-OR antagonist, naloxone methiodide (NLXmi), and then three successive injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) given 30 min apart. The first injection of morphine in vehicle-treated rats elicited an array of ventilatory excitant (i.e., increases in frequency of breathing, minute volume, respiratory drive, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, accompanied by decreases in inspiratory time and end inspiratory pause) and inhibitory (i.e., a decrease in tidal volume and an increase in expiratory time) responses. Subsequent injections of morphine elicited progressively and substantially smaller responses. The pattern of ventilatory responses elicited by the first injection of morphine was substantially affected by pretreatment with NLXmi whereas NLXmi minimally affected the development of tolerance to these responses. Low-dose morphine elicits an array of ventilatory excitant and depressant effects in conscious rats that are subject to the development of tolerance. Many of these initial actions of morphine appear to involve activation of peripheral μ-ORs whereas the development of tolerance to these responses does not.

Published
2013
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