1,614 results on '"Growth accounting"'
Search Results
2. The growth contribution of colonial Indian railways in comparative perspective.
- Author
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Bogart, Dan, Chaudhary, Latika, and Herranz‐Loncán, Alfonso
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples of South America ,GROSS domestic product ,TWENTIETH century ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
Railways were an important driver of global economic growth in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Whilst their role is well documented in industrial economies, we know less about their macro‐economic impact in developing countries. In this paper, we first estimate the aggregate growth impact of Indian railways, one of the largest networks in the world in the early twentieth century. Then, we compare their impact in India to four emerging Latin American economies (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Uruguay) and the Cape colony. Using growth accounting techniques common to the cross‐country estimates, we argue that the aggregate growth impact of Indian railways was significant, increasing Indian gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by 13.5 per cent by 1912. We also find that the growth impact of Indian railways was similar to Brazil and Mexico, but smaller than Argentina and the Cape. Compared with the latter, India had a smaller size of railway freight revenues in the economy and lower wages to fares leading to lower passenger time savings. Railways were the most important infrastructure driver of economic growth in India during the first era of globalization from 1860 to 1912, but they contributed less than in richer and more dynamic developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Total factor productivity, transitional dynamics and endogenous growth accounting for Latin America: Evidence from two centuries' data.
- Author
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Zaman, Miethy
- Abstract
This study investigates the sources of economic growth for Latin American economies. With two centuries of data and extended growth accounting methods, the study shows that poor total factor productivity (TFP) growth is the key to understanding Latin America's low economic growth relative to other economies. Using a functional form of TFP growth, based on second‐generation growth models, furthers analyses to show some empirical evidence for growth induced by R&D, knowledge spillovers, educational attainment and the distance to the frontier. However, the magnitude effect is very small and when compared to the OECD countries, the gap between the TFP growth generating factors is very substantial. An intricate policy structure should be implemented for Latin America to foster an environment that is conducive to aid permanent TFP and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Contribution of creative and cultural capital to Mexican economic growth.
- Author
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Valdivia, Marcos and Borrayo, Rafael
- Subjects
CULTURAL capital ,ECONOMIC expansion ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ACCOUNTING methods ,CAPITAL movements ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. ICT and economic growth: Evidence from lower-middle income countries of South Asia
- Author
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Kirti SANWAL and Saba ISMAIL
- Subjects
ict ,economic growth ,south asia ,panel data analysis ,growth accounting ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The present study examines the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the economic growth of the lower-middle income countries of South Asia. For empirical analysis, panel data approach comprising OLS, fixed effects, and random effects has been applied over the period 2000-2022. The results indicate that internet and mobile penetration induce economic growth in the lower-middle income countries of South Asia, while the estimated output elasticity for internet is highest amongst the three ICT indicators undertaken in the study. Thus, internet can be used as a growth propellant in the region to skip through the developmental stages.
- Published
- 2024
6. Estimation of total factor productivity by growth accounting: Evidence from the Central Asian region
- Author
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Farrukh Ataev
- Subjects
total factor productivity ,growth theory ,growth accounting ,Business ,HF5001-6182 - Abstract
The Central Asian (CA) countries have been transitioning from a centrally planned economy to a market economy since they gained independence at the beginning of the 1990s. As per the official data for 2022, Uzbekistan, which is located in the center of the CA region, has the Russian Federation (18.6%), China (17.8%), Kazakhstan (9.2%), and Turkiye (6.4%) as its top trading partners. This study evaluates the technological progress by estimating the total factor productivity (TFP) of the CA countries. The study uses data from Penn World Table 10.0 (PWT10.0), covering the period from 1991 to 2019. The main findings are as follows: 1) CA countries have shown steady development and noteworthy TFP growth rates; 2) TFP growth was negative in all countries from 1992 to 1997, except in China and Turkiye. But in terms of TFP growth, they outpaced even China and Turkiye between 1998 and 2007, maintaining high rates from 2008 to 2016, demonstrating the catch-up effect; 3) our estimates of TFP growth rates are consistent with figures reported by several other studies. 4) the most suitable econometric model is found to be generalized least squares (GLS) compared with pooled OLS (pOLS), fixed effects (FE), or random effects (RE).
- Published
- 2024
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7. Dale W. Jorgenson (1933–2022)
- Author
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Fernald, John G. and Cord, Robert A., editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Understanding Sources of Economic Growth and Productivity in Malawi
- Author
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Chavula, Hopestone Kayiska, Awel, Yesuf M., Chavula, Hopestone Kayiska, book editor, Ngalawa, Harold P. E., book editor, Munthali, Thomas Chataghalala, book editor, and Dulani, Boniface, book editor
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
9. Accounting for two-club convergence
- Author
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Henderson, Daniel J. and Russell, R. Robert
- Published
- 2024
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10. The Growth of Green-Productivity in Industry and Transportation Sectors of Iran: An Application of Growth Accounting Using SUR Method.
- Author
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Otaghsara, Nafise Mosayebi, Elmi, Zahra Mila, and Rasekhi, Saeed
- Subjects
NATURAL capital ,GROWTH industries ,TRANSPORTATION industry ,ECONOMIC expansion ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
The main objective of this research is to examine the growth of green productivity in the industry and transportation sectors of Iran (as influential sectors of the country) during the period of 2001-2019 and compare it with the conventional productivity index, which has been the criterion that considered in policy-making decisions in the country for several decades. Although in the framework of conventional productivity theories, green productivity indices generally have higher growth rates compared to conventional ones, many other studies have also shown that green productivity can also grow at a lower rate than conventional productivity. The results of extended growth accounting along with using seemingly unrelated regressions method for calculating the green productivity of two industry and transportation sectors of Iran show that the growth of this index is 2.11% for the industrial sector and -5.8% for the transportation sector, and compared to the conventional method, it was found that the growth of conventional productivity measure for the industry sector is underestimated for 0.7% and for the transportation sector, it is overestimated for 6.76%. Based on the results obtained, the policy recommendation of this research is to transform the adoption of an economic growth strategy focused on green productivity from a choice to a necessity, in order to prevent the creation of misleading ideas about growth prospects and, consequently, prevent the selection of inappropriate policy options by officials, especially in the transportation sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Networks, Barriers, and Trade.
- Author
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Baqaee, David Rezza and Farhi, Emmanuel
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL trade ,TARIFF ,COUNTERFACTUALS (Logic) ,FREE trade ,ICEBERGS - Abstract
We study a flexible class of trade models with international production networks and arbitrary wedge‐like distortions like markups, tariffs, or nominal rigidities. We characterize the general equilibrium response of variables to shocks in terms of microeconomic statistics. Our results are useful for decomposing the sources of real GDP and welfare growth, and for computing counterfactuals. Using the same set of microeconomic sufficient statistics, we also characterize societal losses from increases in tariffs and iceberg trade costs and dissect the qualitative and quantitative importance of accounting for disaggregated details. Our results, which can be used to compute approximate and exact counterfactuals, provide an analytical toolbox for studying large‐scale trade models and help to bridge the gap between computation and theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. W jaki sposób słabiej rozwinięta gospodarka może dogonić liderów? Znaczenie zagregowanej produktywności.
- Author
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Orłowski, Witold M.
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,DEVELOPED countries ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,HYPOTHESIS ,BUSINESS enterprises ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
There exist many examples of countries that have seriously reduced, over the past 150 years, the development gap vis-à-vis economic leaders. The decisive factor was the rapid increase of the total factor productivity (TFP), possible due to the technological progress. In the article, the author verified 6 important hypotheses underlying the Productivity Strategy 2030 published by the Polish government, on the basis of the experience of 96 countries around the world over the last 60 years. Most of these hypotheses were positively verified. However, when implementing the Strategy, one should remember that the increase in the aggregate productivity observed throughout the economy is only the combined effect of the increase in productivity occurring at the enterprise level. Therefore, the pursuit of more developed countries requires, first of all, the creation of appropriate conditions for the development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. GDP GROWTH OF POLAND 2004-2023: DID THE ECONOMIC POLICY CHANGE A LOT?
- Author
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ORŁOWSKI, Witold M.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC change ,ECONOMIC policy ,EUROPEAN Union membership ,ECONOMIC impact ,GROSS domestic product ,FOREIGN investments ,EUROPEAN integration - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of the economic policy change in 2016 on the characteristics of Poland's economic growth enjoyed during the EU membership period and the prospects of future development. Design/methodology/approach: The research presented in this article takes, as a starting point, the analysis of the main factors driving the economic growth of Poland during the whole EU membership period. Then, the analysis period is divided into. After having considered the most critical changes in the economic strategy that took place in 2016, we use the data analysis, including the methodology of growth accounting, to determine essential differences in the outcome of the policies. The results obtained create a basis for conclusions about the impact of the policy change on Poland's future development prospects. Findings: The study supports the point that the main driving force of Poland's development during the EU membership period was the dynamic integration effects, particularly the shift of production from Western Europe to new EU member states, leading to the enormous increase of FDI and exports. The economic policy of Poland until 2015 was based on institutional development, care for the economic equilibrium and investment, and support for further EU integration. The stress of the policy applied since 2016 shifted to the support for consumption and wages, with the clear recourse in institutional development, a fall in the investment rate, and growing tensions with EU institutions. The results of such a policy may limit Poland's future GDP growth. Originality/value: The article uses a new approach to analyze the driving forces of Poland's economic growth to formulate, in a pioneering way, conclusions on the effects of the economic policy change in 2016-2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Productivity analysis: roots, foundations, trends and perspectives.
- Author
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Zelenyuk, Valentin
- Subjects
POPULAR literature ,PRODUCTIVITY accounting ,AUTHORSHIP collaboration - Abstract
The goal of this article is to give a brief overview of productivity analysis, starting with general concepts, its importance and a brief historical excursion and then focusing on various productivity indexes. We also start from very simple productivity indexes to more sophisticated, such as Malmquist Productivity Indexes, which are among the most popular in academic literature these days. A special attention is on the contributions to this literature from Rolf Färe and Shawna Grosskopf (and their many co-authors), and some of the related works they have inspired.A brief discussion of likely perspectives for the area is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Agricultural expenditure and agricultural total factor productivity growth in South Africa
- Author
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Nicholas Ngepah and Regret Sunge
- Subjects
south africa ,caadp ,government agricultural expenditure ,growth accounting ,malmquist ,dea ,agricultural tfpmalmquist ,agricultural tfp ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
The study investigates the impact of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth in South Africa. South Africa subscribes to the African Union-inspired Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), established in 2003 to exterminate hunger and lessen absolute poverty. CAADP requires governments to allot at least 10% of government expenditure to agriculture and achieve an average 6% annual growth in agricultural GDP through doubling agricultural productivity. Despite launching CAADP in 2011, South Africa is off-track. Our analysis follows a two-step procedure using data for the period 1986 to 2018. Firstly, using input and output data, we estimate agricultural TFP indices using the growth accounting (GA) and the Malmquist-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods. Secondly, we use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag econometric technique to estimate the agricultural TFP impact of government expenditure. Estimates from the GA approach proved more reliable. We find that government agricultural expenditure has a significant positive effect on agricultural TFP growth of 4% and 18.5% in the short-run and long-run, suggesting high and increasing marginal gains. Estimations on weather variables reveal that a 1% increase in average temperatures and rainfall would increase TFP by 2.7% and 1.4% respectively. We recommend that South Africa fully implements the CAADP. Also, given significantly positive estimates of imports and exports, we call for increased agricultural trade liberalization biased towards export promotion and more intra-Africa agricultural trade within the AfCFTA framework.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Determinants of the palm oil industry productivity in Indonesia
- Author
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Tina Herianty Masitah, Maman Setiawan, Rina Indiastuti, and Adhitya Wardhana
- Subjects
output growth ,growth accounting ,total factor productivity growth ,Indonesian palm oil industry ,Finance ,HG1-9999 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
AbstractThis paper investigates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and its determinants in the Indonesian palm oil sector industries. TFPG is estimated using a growth accounting method. This paper applies the fixed effects model to investigate the determinants of the TFPG. The data is sourced from a manufacturing survey of the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistika/BPS) for the period 2000–2017. This paper finds that the TFPG of the Indonesian palm oil industry is relatively low. Moreover, output growth, output per worker, export activity, and wages per worker have significant effects on the TFPG. The effect of output growth, which is dominated by the large use of inputs, raises concerns in the aspect of environmental sustainability due to uncontrolled land expansion.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. مصادر النمو الاقتصادي على المدى الطويل الجزائر مقابل كوريا الجنوبية 1990-2018.
- Author
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أمين حواس and نور الدين وكال
- Abstract
Copyright of Les Cahiers du CREAD is the property of Centre de Rrecherche en Economie Appliquee pour Developpement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Human capital and economic growth in Central Asia.
- Author
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Yormirzoev, Mirzobobo
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC expansion ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ECONOMIC indicators ,CIVIL war - Abstract
This study explores the long-term economic performance in former Soviet republics of Central Asia for the last three decades. We look at sources of economic growth based on the extended version of the neoclassical growth model. Our key focus is to see whether human capital in the form of education and health inputs has an impact on growth rates in the region. Results show that over the entire period under study, on average, the growth rates of total factor productivity (TFP) were not remarkable, ranging from 1.4% for Kazakhstan and 0.51% for Tajikistan to −1.13% for the Kyrgyz Republic. Kazakhstan as a frontier economy of the region maintained better economic results in almost all indicators. Since 2000, TFP growth rates were notably stronger in Tajikistan compared to Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. However, a reduction in TFP in Tajikistan in the 1990s is attributed to the country's dire civil war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. On the long-run economic performance of ex-communist economies, 1990-2019.
- Author
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de Albuquerque e Mello, Marcelo
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC indicators , *COMMUNISM , *GROSS domestic product , *ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling , *TRANSITION economies , *ACCOUNTING - Abstract
We evaluate the long-run economic performance of 29 ex-Communist economies over the period 1990-2019, through growth and level decomposition exercises. Among ex-Communists economies, we find that over the last decade the bulk of the international variation in GDP per worker is accounted for by the cross-country variation in factor inputs. Growth decomposition exercises suggest that ex-Communist economies in Central Europe exhibits robust TFP growth, consistent with TFP growth of western market economies. More specifically, we find that the best performing ex-Communist economies are the ones that experienced the shortest spell of Communism and have "westernized" institutions, whereas the worst performing economies have experienced longer spells of Communism and are more likely to have authoritarian rulers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
20. Research on the Effect of Knowledge Stock on Technological Advance and Economic Growth in Republic of Korea.
- Author
-
Jung, Jaeho and Choi, Sangok
- Abstract
The Republic of Korea's R&D investment has been rapidly increasing over the long term. This R&D investment is accumulated as knowledge stock, which means the amount of knowledge held by individual countries. However, is the rapid increase in R&D investment contributing to the advancement of domestic science and technology and economic growth? In general, technological advance will lead to a country's sustainable economic growth. If so, how much has it contributed? This is a very important question for a neoclassical economist. This study reviewed previous studies on "knowledge stock", "TFP estimation", and "R&D investment, TFP and economic growth relationship", and sequentially analyzed the relationship among knowledge stock, TFP, and economic growth through a three-step process. The analysis procedure first performs data processing and time series trend analysis, then time series characteristics analysis, and finally Orderful Least Squares (OLS). The analysis results showed that all three models had a positive (+) relationship and most of them were derived to be statistically significant. On this basis, three policy implications are presented. First, the knowledge stock is estimated to have had a positive (+) effect on economic growth, and the continuous increase in domestic R&D investment is believed to have acted as a growth engine. In particular, financial of the government by financial resources and the mid-to-high tech industry groups by industrial characteristics are statistically positively significant. Next, domestic knowledge stocks have had a positive effect on TFP but the efficiency is judged to be decreasing. It is implied that high-tech industries need to form knowledge stocks above the threshold through continuous R&D investment. Finally, TFP was analyzed to have had a high impact on economic growth, and this confirmed that innovation-led growth was important. It is still relevant that innovation-led sustainable growth is more important than factor led in the Republic of Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A cross country analysis of components of economic growth through the growth accounting approach
- Author
-
Yashasvi PANDEY and C.R. BISHNOI
- Subjects
economic growth ,capital deepening ,total factor productivity ,solow residual ,growth accounting ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The method of growth accounting has been widely used for examining the components of economic growth for different countries. This method comprises of determining the relative shares of capital accumulation and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in GDP growth (though the share of other factors can be also considered). This paper attempts to analyze the share of capital accumulation and TFP growth in economic growth for four countries groups – low income, lowermiddle income, upper-middle income and high-income (as classified by the World Bank), over the time period 1991-2019. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the share of TFP growth has been relatively less as compared to the share of capital accumulation, except for lower-middle income countries. Also, lower and upper-middle income countries have made considerable progress in economic growth, as compared to the other two country groups. The results indicate that there is significant scope for boosting TFP growth by focusing on increased efficiency of labour and capital, which would definitely contribute to the long-term growth process.
- Published
- 2022
22. Impact of the ATC on the performance and productivity of Indian apparel manufacturing
- Author
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Gambhir, Dhwani
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Energy Productivity and Overall Efficiency
- Author
-
Nomura, Koji and Nomura, Koji
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Other IO Applications with Complications
- Author
-
Oosterhaven, Jan, Fischer, Manfred M., Series Editor, Thill, Jean-Claude, Series Editor, van Dijk, Jouke, Series Editor, Westlund, Hans, Series Editor, Hewings, Geoffrey J.D., Advisory Editor, Nijkamp, Peter, Advisory Editor, Snickars, Folke, Advisory Editor, and Oosterhaven, Jan
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Agricultural expenditure and agricultural total factor productivity growth in South Africa.
- Author
-
Ngepah, Nicholas and Sunge, Regret
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL productivity ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,FREE trade ,DATA envelopment analysis - Abstract
The study investigates the impact of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth in South Africa. South Africa subscribes to the African Union-inspired Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), established in 2003 to exterminate hunger and lessen absolute poverty. CAADP requires governments to allot at least 10% of government expenditure to agriculture and achieve an average 6% annual growth in agricultural GDP through doubling agricultural productivity. Despite launching CAADP in 2011, South Africa is off-track. Our analysis follows a two-step procedure using data for the period 1986 to 2018. Firstly, using input and output data, we estimate agricultural TFP indices using the growth accounting (GA) and the Malmquist-Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods. Secondly, we use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag econometric technique to estimate the agricultural TFP impact of government expenditure. Estimates from the GA approach proved more reliable. We find that government agricultural expenditure has a significant positive effect on agricultural TFP growth of 4% and 18.5% in the short-run and long-run, suggesting high and increasing marginal gains. Estimations on weather variables reveal that a 1% increase in average temperatures and rainfall would increase TFP by 2.7% and 1.4% respectively. We recommend that South Africa fully implements the CAADP. Also, given significantly positive estimates of imports and exports, we call for increased agricultural trade liberalization biased towards export promotion and more intra-Africa agricultural trade within the AfCFTA framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The relative roles of energy and water intensity in the economic growth of the United States, 1950–2015
- Author
-
José Lobo and Benjamin L Ruddell
- Subjects
economic growth ,energy intensity ,water intensity ,growth accounting ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Water and energy are indispensable inputs to the modern economy and are of primary concern for the sustainability of the global economy. Continually growing use of water and energy cannot be sustained in the pursuit of greater wealth and prosperity, given planetary boundaries and other limitations on these resources. Water is a main input to the production of energy, and vice versa, and to some extent the two are substitutes. An economy’s energy intensity and water intensity measure the efficiency with which energy and water, respectively, are used in the generation of wealth. How far has an advanced economy like that of the US gone in decoupling energy and water use from economic growth? To answer this question, we decompose the growth of GDP per capita into improvement in energy and water intensity and the change in the per capita use of these two crucial inputs, using data for the US from 1950 to 2015. We find that water and energy use efficiency improvements are responsible for much more growth in per capita GDP than increases in water and energy inputs, and that water use can be decoupled more significantly from increasing wealth than the use of energy. The results have important implications for the future of energy and material consumption by the global economy.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. What Drives the Agricultural Growth in Azerbaijan? Insights from Autometrics with Super Saturation
- Author
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Fakhri J. Hasanov, Elchin Suleymanov, Heyran Aliyeva, Hezi Eynalov, and Sa'd Shannak
- Subjects
azerbaijan ,agriculture ,production function ,growth accounting ,cointegration ,autometrics ,Agriculture ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The development of the agricultural sector is essential for any economy, including Azerbaijan, the largest economy in the South Caucasus, as it plays an important role in food security, rural development, and environmental protection. For Azerbaijan, as an oil-dependent economy, it is also important for diversification of the non-oil sector. For this reason, the Azerbaijani government has adopted several programs and materialized massive investments to promote agricultural growth. This study examines the role of the production factors in the development of the sector using annual time series data for the period 1995-2017. Econometric analysis, mainly Autometrics - a cutting edge machine learning modeling algorithm- with super saturation, and Growth Accounting lead us to conclude that: (i) land, labor, and capital have statistically significant positive long-run impacts on agriculture output; (ii) the growth of the sector and the contributions of land and capital formation slowed down sharply, while the contributions of total factor productivity (TFP) and labor increased in 2009-2017 compared to the pre-2009 period; (iii) in the pre-2009 period, the sector's growth was hugely contributed by capital followed by TFP, labor and land; (iv) in 2009-2017 period, TFP followed by capital and labor contributed to the sector's growth, while the contribution of land was negative. The results are robust to different econometric methods and specifications. Overall, policymakers are recommended to consider that value-added and other key indicators of agriculture have grown less in 2009-2017 period compared to the pre-2009 period, given that one should expect more growth in the former period as numerous government programs and massive investments were materialized. They may also consider that the contributions of labor and land were quite small and negative, respectively. Lastly, policies leading to TFP growth should be supported.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Arguments for the Use of Growth Accounting in the Research on Regional Specialization
- Author
-
Dariusz Kotlewski
- Subjects
region ,specialization ,economic development ,productivity ,growth accounting ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
The article deals with the problem of the research method used in analyzing the directions of regional specialization (including intelligent ones), which increase competitiveness and accelerate economic development of the region. According to the author’s view, classical trade theory has a limited application in this area while Krugman’s new economic geography can be helpful. The author recalls the theory of Ricci, which combines the elements of both theories, emphasizing the role of productivity growth as the factor that enables to overcome underdevelopment. The author presents the KLEMS productivity accounting and the results of its application, which suggest that this method of analyzing regional specialization has an advantage over other methods.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. WPŁYW ROZWOJU INFRASTRUKTURY NA REGIONALNY WZROST GOSPODARCZY W ŚWIETLE RACHUNKU PRODUKTYWNOŚCI KLEMS.
- Author
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Brdulak, Jacek and Kotlewski, Dariusz
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Political Thought / Myśl Ekonomiczna & Polityczna is the property of Lazarski University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Determinants of the palm oil industry productivity in Indonesia.
- Author
-
Masitah, Tina Herianty, Setiawan, Maman, Indiastuti, Rina, and Wardhana, Adhitya
- Subjects
PALM oil industry ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,FIXED effects model ,ACCOUNTING methods ,SUSTAINABILITY - Abstract
This paper investigates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and its determinants in the Indonesian palm oil sector industries. TFPG is estimated using a growth accounting method. This paper applies the fixed effects model to investigate the determinants of the TFPG. The data is sourced from a manufacturing survey of the Indonesian Bureau of Central Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistika/BPS) for the period 2000–2017. This paper finds that the TFPG of the Indonesian palm oil industry is relatively low. Moreover, output growth, output per worker, export activity, and wages per worker have significant effects on the TFPG. The effect of output growth, which is dominated by the large use of inputs, raises concerns in the aspect of environmental sustainability due to uncontrolled land expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Agriculture: Accounting for Land Quality.
- Author
-
Sengupta, Sreerupa, Suganthi, D., and Goldar, Bishwanath
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL productivity ,FARM mechanization ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,TERMS of trade ,AGRICULTURE ,LIVESTOCK productivity - Abstract
The paper attempts to include land as an input in the KLEMS-type production function and estimate agricultural total factor productivity growth (TFPG) for India. For doing so, land quality is accounted for by assigning weights to different land types: irrigated, rainfed and fallow. The estimates suggest that the rate of agricultural TFPG was 0.8 per cent per annum between 1980 and 2019 without accounting for land. However, it increased to 2.0 per cent and 1.8 per cent per annum with the inclusion of land and land quality, respectively. The growth accounting decomposition shows that the contribution of TFPG to agricultural output growth increased from 48 per cent in the 1980s to 78 per cent in the 2010s. Examination of the drivers of agricultural TFPG through an Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model suggests that public gross capital formation (GCF) stock, research and development, mechanisation in agriculture, and favourable terms of trade significantly improve agricultural productivity in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
32. The Top-Down Approach 2: Aggregate Total Factor Productivity Index
- Author
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Balk, Bert M. and Balk, Bert M.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A Framework Without Assumptions
- Author
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Balk, Bert M. and Balk, Bert M.
- Published
- 2021
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34. Growth accounting, development accounting and cross-country growth regressions: A conceptual review essay
- Author
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Chris W. Callaghan
- Subjects
growth accounting ,development accounting ,cross-country growth regressions ,research methodology ,empirical research techniques. ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Background: This review article sets out to identify certain critiques of growth accounting, development accounting and cross-country growth regressions. These critiques provide insights relevant to the usefulness and policy relevance of these methods. Aim: The aim of this article was to critically review literature and to provide a synthesis of this literature, deriving certain arguments to contribute to further research. Method: This article takes the form of a critical review essay. Results: Growth accounting, development accounting and cross-country growth regressions all have some limitations and knowledge of their strengths and weaknesses may be helpful for those who are undertaking transdisciplinary social science research using these methods. These methods seem to suffer from similar criticisms levelled at neoclassical thinking, which need to be considered more seriously in the literature. Conclusion: Further research should explore how such methods might complement each other to improve validity of research findings.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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35. ICT and Productivity Growth Within Value Chains.
- Author
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Liu, Chuan and Saam, Marianne
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,LABOR productivity ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,MANUFACTURED products ,INFORMATION & communication technologies ,PRODUCTIVITY accounting - Abstract
Growth accounting has documented an important contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) capital deepening to sectoral labor productivity growth during the late 1990s, especially for the knowledge‐intensive services that are used to an important extent as intermediate inputs to other sectors. Our approach traces labor productivity growth not within sectors but within value chains of final products. A main result is that more than half of the productivity gains related to ICT capital deepening for manufactured goods are contributed by upstream industries, mostly by knowledge‐intensive services. For a number of countries, similar magnitudes of upstream contributions of ICT capital deepening are observed for ICT products and for services that are not knowledge‐intensive. The major part of these contributions is domestic rather than foreign. Moreover, the high sectoral growth in total factor productivity (TFP) in the ICT sector contributes only moderately to effective TFP growth in non‐ICT value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. OSZACOWANIE WPŁYWU ROZWOJU INFRASTRUKTURY NA WZROST GOSPODARCZY W ŚWIETLE RACHUNKU PRODUKTYWNOŚCI KLEMS.
- Author
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Kotlewski, Dariusz
- Abstract
Copyright of Economic & Political Thought / Myśl Ekonomiczna & Polityczna is the property of Lazarski University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The impact of the digital economy on China's economic growth and productivity performance.
- Author
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Wu, Harry X. and Yu, Changhua
- Subjects
ECONOMIC conditions in China ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ECONOMIC expansion ,INFORMATION & communication technologies - Abstract
China's digital economy experienced a rapid development over the past two decades. How can we systematically measure the contribution of the digital economy to China's economic growth? Has the digital economy contributed to an increase in China's total factor productivity? This paper analyzes the impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) development on China's economic growth since its WTO accession in an aggregate production possibility frontier framework. Our empirical analysis shows that the digital economy has been the most significant contributor to China's economic growth and productivity improvements over the past two decades. Nevertheless, due to severe capital misallocation across industries and persistent inefficient performance of some non-ICT industries, industries with high investment growth have not been matched by industries with high TFP growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. WHAT DRIVES THE AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IN AZERBAIJAN? INSIGHTS FROM AUTOMETRICS WITH SUPER SATURATION.
- Author
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Hasanov, Fakhri J., Suleymanov, Elchin, Aliyeva, Heyran, Eynalov, Hezi, and Shannak, Sa'd
- Abstract
The development of the agricultural sector is essential for any economy, including Azerbaijan, the largest economy in the South Caucasus, as it plays an important role in food security, rural development, and environmental protection. For Azerbaijan, as an oil-dependent economy, it is also important for diversification of the non-oil sector. For this reason, the Azerbaijani government has adopted several programs and materialized massive investments to promote agricultural growth. This study examines the role of the production factors in the development of the sector using annual time series data for the period 1995–2017. Econometric analysis, mainly Autometrics - a cutting edge machine learning modeling algorithm- with super saturation, and Growth Accounting lead us to conclude that: (i) land, labor, and capital have statistically significant positive long-run impacts on agriculture output; (ii) the growth of the sector and the contributions of land and capital formation slowed down sharply, while the contributions of total factor productivity (TFP) and labor increased in 2009–2017 compared to the pre-2009 period; (iii) in the pre-2009 period, the sector's growth was hugely contributed by capital followed by TFP, labor and land; (iv) in 2009–2017 period, TFP followed by capital and labor contributed to the sector's growth, while the contribution of land was negative. The results are robust to different econometric methods and specifications. Overall, policymakers are recommended to consider that value-added and other key indicators of agriculture have grown less in 2009–2017 period compared to the pre-2009 period, given that one should expect more growth in the former period as numerous government programs and massive investments were materialized. They may also consider that the contributions of labor and land were quite small and negative, respectively. Lastly, policies leading to TFP growth should be supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The contribution of immigration from Ukraine to economic growth in Poland.
- Author
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Strzelecki, Paweł, Growiec, Jakub, and Wyszyński, Robert
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ECONOMIC expansion ,LABOR supply ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,FOREIGN workers ,WORKING hours ,FINANCE - Abstract
From 2014 onwards Poland witnessed an unprecedented inflow of immigrant workers from Ukraine. Coupled with strong labour demand, this surge in labour supply provided a major contribution to Poland's economic growth. However, due to problems with capturing immigration in Labour Force Survey data this contribution has remained hitherto largely unaccounted in official data. This paper uses a range of alternative official data sources to estimate the actual number of immigrants, and survey data on migrant characteristics, collected in four Polish cities, to estimate the effective labour supply of Ukrainian immigrants in terms of productivity-adjusted hours worked. The authors find that the arrival of Ukrainian workers was increasing the effective labour supply in Poland in 2013–2018 by 0.8% per annum. Imputing this additional labour supply in a growth accounting exercise they find that the (previously unaccounted) contribution of Ukrainian workers amounted to about 0.5 pp. per annum, i.e., about 13% of Poland's GDP growth in 2013–2018. The same figure should be subtracted from the residual contribution of total factor productivity growth, suggesting that recent growth in Poland has been in fact much more labour-intensive than previously interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Decomposição do crescimento da renda per capita do Brasil: uma abordagem regionalsetorial.
- Author
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Amaral Torezani, Tomás
- Subjects
LABOR market ,PRICE increases ,DEMOGRAPHY ,EMPLOYMENT changes ,INCOME ,WAGE differentials ,PRODUCTIVITY accounting - Abstract
Copyright of Nova Economia is the property of Nova Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. How Total Factor Productivity Drives Long-Run Energy Consumption in Saudi Arabia
- Author
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Hasanov, Fakhri J., Liddle, Brantley, Mikayilov, Jeyhun I., Bollino, Carlo Andrea, Shahbaz, Muhammad, editor, and Balsalobre, Daniel, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Other IO Applications with Complications
- Author
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Oosterhaven, Jan, Folmer, Henk, Series Editor, Partridge, Mark, Series Editor, McMillen, Daniel P., Series Editor, Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, Series Editor, Yeung, Henry W.C., Series Editor, and Oosterhaven, Jan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The impact of epidemics on agricultural production and forecast of COVID-19
- Author
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Zhang, Shurui, Wang, Shuo, Yuan, Lingran, Liu, Xiaoguang, and Gong, Binlei
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Estimation of Total Factor Productivity Growth of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan.
- Author
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Afzal, Hina, Hassan, Sarfraz, Bashir, Muhammad Khalid, and Ali, Asghar
- Subjects
- *
INDUSTRIAL productivity , *DEVELOPMENT economics , *STANDARD of living , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Most important goal of development economics and macroeconomic policies is achieving sustainable production growth. Continuous production growth is considered to be important for raising living standards. Agriculture's Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is one of the major sources of production growth. It assesses influence of the economic and technical efficiency in the production of the desired output by combining factor inputs. The study focused on estimating total factor productivity growth in Pakistan's economy and particularly in the agriculture sector. For this purpose, the study utilizes the growth accounting technique to obtain reliable estimates of total factor productivity. The study covered total factor productivity growth period from 1973-2020. Results indicated that the overall economy average TFP growth rate is higher from 1981 to 1990 in the agriculture sector of the country. The TFP growth of agriculture sector was higher in this decade. Comparison between the TFP with other sectors like industrial and services, having 1.51%, 4.01% and 4.12%. TFP has been lowest in the agriculture sector as compared to other sectors as per findings of the study. As a result, effective policies are needed to enhance agriculture total factor productivity growth by the government. The farmers' level of education makes a significant contribution to TFP development. It is concluded that education funding be increased for the farmers to accelerate TFP growth in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Growth, distribution and dynamic inefficiency in Turkey: An analysis of the naïve neoclassical theory of capital.
- Author
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Attar, M. Aykut
- Abstract
• A critical analysis of the naïve neoclassical theory of capital accumulation. • New empirical results on the Turkish economy for the 1923–2005 period. • Emphasizing the role of heterodox theories of growth and distribution. • Discussing the distributional causes and consequences of growth in Turkey. This paper presents a critical analysis of the naïve neoclassical theory of capital by applying it to Turkish economic history. The paper first develops a unified framework of theoretical predictions on growth, distribution, and dynamic inefficiency. This framework clarifies why the naïve neoclassical theory remains largely misleading in understanding the historical, macro dynamics of a growing, capitalist economy. Using this framework and long-run macroeconomic data for the 1923–2005 period, the paper establishes a new set of empirical findings that contribute to the related literature on Turkey. The paper then discusses the limitations of the naïve neoclassical theory by building on these empirical results and some lessons from Turkish economic history. This discussion summarizes some empirical findings on the distributional causes and consequences of growth in Turkey, by focusing mainly on the role of heterodox theories of growth and distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Economic determinants of total factor productivity growth: The Bayesian modelling averaging approach.
- Author
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Sobieraj, Janusz and Metelski, Dominik
- Subjects
LABOR mobility ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ECONOMIC systems ,ECONOMIES of scale ,RETURNS to scale ,SCIENTIFIC method ,GINI coefficient ,INCOME inequality - Abstract
Objective:: The objective of this article is to use the most recent national-level data (reflecting heterogeneity) to explore determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Research Design & Methods: The article examines the performance of a number of potential TFP growth determinants, relying on the Bayesian modelling analysis (BMA) methodology, which allows for isolating key regressors and assessing their actual contribution in relation to the phenomenon under study. As a scientific methodology, BMA is deeply rooted in statistical theory and directly results in posterior and predictive inferences. Moreover, BMA makes it easier to determine the relative impact of examined processes, while taking into account the uncertainty that accompanies the entire regressors' selection procedure (Raftery, Madigan, & Hoeting, 1997; Hoeting, Madigan, Raftery, & Volinsky, 1999; Sala-i-Martin, Doppelhofer, & Miller, 2004). Findings: We indicate a number of determinants driving TFP growth, e.g. inequality measured by the Gini coefficient, the growth of information and communications technology (ICT) assets, logistics performance, the quality of logistics services, and migration. Implications & Recommendations: We contribute to a more systematised knowledge of the determinants of TFP growth; the data shows that developed economies exhibit variable returns to scale (VRS). More importantly, there is an increasing contribution of ICT assets to economic growth and economies of scale, which is why whole economic systems exhibit increasing returns to scale (IRS). Some of the economic activity remains under-reported, meaning that economies of scale are even greater than the data reveals. In the era of globalisation, it becomes important to support digital technologies, address inequalities, create appropriate logistics infrastructure, and pay attention to mobility factors, e.g. labour migration. Contribution & Value Added: We conduct an overview of the literature so as to better understand the importance of TFP growth. Based on the literature, we identify a number of potential TFP growth determinants and examine their relevance and robustness using the BMA approach, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Characteristics of Economic Performance in former Soviet Countries: Lessons Learned from Last Two Decades
- Author
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Mirzobobo Yormirzoev, Firuza Yormirzoeva, and Aleksei Gorodilov
- Subjects
determinants of growth ,capital intensity ,labour force ,productivity comparison ,economic performance ,growth accounting ,former soviet union ,transition economies ,point-in-time approach ,market system ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This paper attempts to explore economic performance in countries of the former Soviet Union since their transition to a market system based on the World Bank data for the period from 1993 to 2016. The first part of the study is related to estimating proximate sources of economic growth within the standard growth accounting framework. Results indicate that under the period of study capital accumulation was the primary engine for growth in the post-Soviet region. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates were modest ranging from 1.15 % for Uzbekistan and 0.77 % for Belarus to −1.83 % for Turkmenistan and −1.20 % for Latvia accordingly. In the second part of the paper we analyse productivity level across all former Soviet republics by decomposing differences in output per worker into differences in capital intensity and productivity for the year 2016. Compared to Russia, a frontier for the analysis, nearly all former Soviet republics demonstrated a lower level of productivity. Some countries of the region such as Georgia, Kyrgyz Republic and Turkmenistan have extremely high capital intensity. Productivity in Russia was about 14 times higher than productivity in Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan. Despite the fact that more than two decades passed since the transition to a market system the Soviet legacy of aggregate production did not experience notable changes.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Productivity Growth Determinants of Differently Developed Countries: Comparative Capital Input Results
- Author
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Toma Lankauskiene
- Subjects
productivity growth ,klems methodology ,growth accounting ,tangible capital ,intangible capital ,national accounts ,Statistics ,HA1-4737 - Abstract
The article aims to apply the growth accounting methodology to the Baltic countries in order to obtain detailed productivity growth determinants in the aggregated market economy with a particular focus to capital input. To this end, a new database following the KLEMS methodology for tangible and intangible capital indicators is constructed. The paper analyses determinants’ genesis and growth tendencies in the context of more developed countries and uncovers the productivity gains associated with different types of capital assets. First, an overview of the economies during the period researched is presented. Second, a methodology is developed to derive new intangibles and EU KLEMS data for the Baltic countries. Third, statistical data are constructed for all economies and the growth accounting method is applied in order to obtain comparable results. Finally, economic analysis is conducted to detect certain aspects of the growth determinants for differently developed and structured economies.
- Published
- 2020
49. How to overcome the crisis of the European growth potential? The role of the government
- Author
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Andrea Elekes and Péter Halmai
- Subjects
potential growth ,growth accounting ,european union ,crisis ,total factor productivity ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
We suppose that the dramatic decline in the European output is more than a cyclical diversion from the potential output. We performed a medium term quantitative analysis combining data based on the production function and growth accounting approach. Our results show that the erosion of the European growth potential has been a longer latent process. It began well before the outbreak of the latest economic crisis. Simulations suggest that the recovery in the rate of potential growth can only be partial in the medium term and further erosion of the European growth potential can be expected in the longer term. Our analysis suggests that more attention should be focused on TFP growth. Therefore, the last part of our study tries to identify the factors that insurea more dynamic TFP growthand examine what the governments can do in order to increase productivity and overcome the crisis of the growth potential.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Productivity determinants and their contributions to productivity growth in the Baltic countries before and after their entry into the European Union: a comparative industrial perspective
- Author
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Toma LANKAUSKIENE
- Subjects
productivity determinants ,productivity growth ,intangible capital ,tangible capital ,growth accounting ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 ,Political science - Abstract
The article aims to apply the EU KLEMS methodology to obtain labour productivity growth determinants for the Baltic countries for two periods of time: before and after their entry into the European Union. The study’s novelty lies in its detection of new statistical data that are unavailable in official databases for the Baltic countries. First, the countries’ economic structures are examined during the two periods. Following the derivation of new statistical data, data were prepared according to strict methodological rules and the growth accounting method was applied to detect productivity growth determinants and the main industries that stimulate aggregated labour productivity growth. Subsequently, a comparative economic analysis is conducted for the Baltic countries. Productivity determinants are scrutinised for the aggregated market economy and the specific industries that contribute most to aggregated labour productivity growth. Some consistent patterns are detected for certain groups of tangible and intangible capital.
- Published
- 2019
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