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1. Detection and characterisation of icy cavities on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Lamy, Philippe, Faury, Guillaume, Romeuf, David, and Groussin, Olivier

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the detection of three icy cavities on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. They were identified on high-resolution anaglyphs built from images acquired by the OSIRIS instrument aboard the Rosetta spacecraft on 2016 April 9-10. Visually, they appear as bright patches of typically 15 to 30 m across whose large reflectances and spectral slopes in the visible substantiate the presence of sub-surface water ice. Using a new high-resolution photogrammetric shape model we determined the three-dimensional shape of these cavities whose depth ranges from 20 to 47 m. Spectral slopes were interpreted with models combining water ice and refractory dark material and the water ice abundances in the cavities were found to amount to a few per cent. The determination of the lifetime of the icy cavities was strongly biased by the availability of appropriate and favourable observations, but we found evidences of values of up to two years. The icy cavities were found to be connected to jets well documented in past studies. A thermal model allowed us to track their solar insolation over a large part of the orbit of the comet and a transitory bright jet on 2015 July 18 was unambiguously linked to the brief illumination of the icy bottom of one of the three cavities. These cavities are likely to be the first potential subsurface access points detected on a cometary nucleus and their lifetimes suggest that they reveal pristine sub-surface icy layers or pockets rather than recently recondensed water vapor., Comment: 23 pages, 25 figures, 6 tables; one figure and references added. MNRAS in press

Published
2024
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2. Activity distribution of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from combined measurements of non-gravitational forces and torques

Author

Attree, Nicholas, Jorda, Laurent, Groussin, Olivier, Agarwal, Jessica, Manghi, Riccardo Lasagni, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Marschall, Raphael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims. Understanding the activity is vital for deciphering the structure, formation, and evolution of comets. We investigate models of cometary activity by comparing them to the dynamics of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Methods. We matched simple thermal models of water activity to the combined Rosetta datasets by fitting to the total outgassing rate and four components of the outgassing induced non-gravitational force and torque, with a final manual adjustment of the model parameters to additionally match the other two torque components. We parametrised the thermal model in terms of a distribution of relative activity over the surface of the comet, and attempted to link this to different terrain types. We also tested a more advanced thermal model based on a pebble structure. Results. We confirm a hemispherical dichotomy and non-linear water outgassing response to insolation. The southern hemisphere of the comet and consolidated terrain show enhanced activity relative to the northern hemisphere and dust-covered, unconsolidated terrain types, especially at perihelion. We further find that the non-gravitational torque is especially sensitive to the activity distribution, and to fit the pole-axis orientation in particular, activity must be concentrated (in excess of the already high activity in the southern hemisphere and consolidated terrain) around the south pole and on the body and neck of the comet over its head. This is the case for both the simple thermal model and the pebble-based model. Overall, our results show that water activity cannot be matched by a simple model of sublimating surface ice driven by the insolation alone, regardless of the surface distribution, and that both local spatial and temporal variations are needed to fit the data., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 22 figures including appendix

Published
2023
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3. CO2-driven surface changes in the Hapi region on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Davidsson, Björn J. R., Schloerb, F. Peter, Fornasier, Sonia, Oklay, Nilda, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Buratti, Bonnie J., Chmielewski, Artur B., Gulkis, Samuel, Hofstadter, Mark D., Keller, H. Uwe, Sierks, Holger, Güttler, Carsten, Küppers, Michael, Rickman, Hans, Choukroun, Mathieu, Lee, Seungwon, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Lethuillier, Anthony, Da Deppo, Vania, Groussin, Olivier, Kührt, Ekkehard, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, El-Maarry, M. Ramy, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Mottola, Stefano, and Pajola, Maurizio

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Between 2014 December 31 and 2015 March 17, the OSIRIS cameras on Rosetta documented the growth of a 140m wide and 0.5m deep depression in the Hapi region on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This shallow pit is one of several that later formed elsewhere on the comet, all in smooth terrain that primarily is the result of airfall of coma particles. We have compiled observations of this region in Hapi by the microwave instrument MIRO on Rosetta, acquired during October and November 2014. We use thermophysical and radiative transfer models in order to reproduce the MIRO observations. This allows us to place constraints on the thermal inertia, diffusivity, chemical composition, stratification, extinction coefficients, and scattering properties of the surface material, and how they evolved during the months prior to pit formation. The results are placed in context through long-term comet nucleus evolution modelling. We propose that: 1) MIRO observes signatures that are consistent with a solid-state greenhouse effect in airfall material; 2) CO2 ice is sufficiently close to the surface to have a measurable effect on MIRO antenna temperatures, and likely is responsible for the pit formation in Hapi observed by OSIRIS; 3) the pressure at the CO2 sublimation front is sufficiently strong to expel dust and water ice outwards, and to compress comet material inwards, thereby causing the near-surface compaction observed by CONSERT, SESAME, and groundbased radar, manifested as the "consolidated terrain" texture observed by OSIRIS., Comment: 32 pages, 41 figures. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in MNRAS following peer review

Published
2022
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4. The Comet Interceptor Mission

Author

Jones, Geraint H., Snodgrass, Colin, Tubiana, Cecilia, Küppers, Michael, Kawakita, Hideyo, Lara, Luisa M., Agarwal, Jessica, André, Nicolas, Attree, Nicholas, Auster, Uli, Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele, Beth, Arnaud, Bowles, Neil, Coates, Andrew, Colangeli, Luigi, Corral van Damme, Carlos, Da Deppo, Vania, De Keyser, Johan, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Edberg, Niklas, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Faggi, Sara, Fulle, Marco, Funase, Ryu, Galand, Marina, Goetz, Charlotte, Groussin, Olivier, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Henri, Pierre, Kasahara, Satoshi, Kereszturi, Akos, Kidger, Mark, Knight, Matthew, Kokotanekova, Rosita, Kolmasova, Ivana, Kossacki, Konrad, Kührt, Ekkehard, Kwon, Yuna, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, Lippi, Manuela, Longobardo, Andrea, Marschall, Raphael, Morawski, Marek, Muñoz, Olga, Näsilä, Antti, Nilsson, Hans, Opitom, Cyrielle, Pajusalu, Mihkel, Pommerol, Antoine, Prech, Lubomir, Rando, Nicola, Ratti, Francesco, Rothkaehl, Hanna, Rotundi, Alessandra, Rubin, Martin, Sakatani, Naoya, Sánchez, Joan Pau, Simon Wedlund, Cyril, Stankov, Anamarija, Thomas, Nicolas, Toth, Imre, Villanueva, Geronimo, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Volwerk, Martin, Wurz, Peter, Wielders, Arno, Yoshioka, Kazuo, Aleksiejuk, Konrad, Alvarez, Fernando, Amoros, Carine, Aslam, Shahid, Atamaniuk, Barbara, Baran, Jędrzej, Barciński, Tomasz, Beck, Thomas, Behnke, Thomas, Berglund, Martin, Bertini, Ivano, Bieda, Marcin, Binczyk, Piotr, Busch, Martin-Diego, Cacovean, Andrei, Capria, Maria Teresa, Carr, Chris, Castro Marín, José María, Ceriotti, Matteo, Chioetto, Paolo, Chuchra-Konrad, Agata, Cocola, Lorenzo, Colin, Fabrice, Crews, Chiaki, Cripps, Victoria, Cupido, Emanuele, Dassatti, Alberto, Davidsson, Björn J. R., De Roche, Thierry, Deca, Jan, Del Togno, Simone, Dhooghe, Frederik, Donaldson Hanna, Kerri, Eriksson, Anders, Fedorov, Andrey, Fernández-Valenzuela, Estela, Ferretti, Stefano, Floriot, Johan, Frassetto, Fabio, Fredriksson, Jesper, Garnier, Philippe, Gaweł, Dorota, Génot, Vincent, Gerber, Thomas, Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz, Granvik, Mikael, Grison, Benjamin, Gunell, Herbert, Hachemi, Tedjani, Hagen, Christian, Hajra, Rajkumar, Harada, Yuki, Hasiba, Johann, Haslebacher, Nico, Herranz De La Revilla, Miguel Luis, Hestroffer, Daniel, Hewagama, Tilak, Holt, Carrie, Hviid, Stubbe, Iakubivskyi, Iaroslav, Inno, Laura, Irwin, Patrick, Ivanovski, Stavro, Jansky, Jiri, Jernej, Irmgard, Jeszenszky, Harald, Jimenéz, Jaime, Jorda, Laurent, Kama, Mihkel, Kameda, Shingo, Kelley, Michael S. P., Klepacki, Kamil, Kohout, Tomáš, Kojima, Hirotsugu, Kowalski, Tomasz, Kuwabara, Masaki, Ladno, Michal, Laky, Gunter, Lammer, Helmut, Lan, Radek, Lavraud, Benoit, Lazzarin, Monica, Le Duff, Olivier, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lesniak, Cezary, Lewis, Zoe, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lister, Tim, Lowry, Stephen, Magnes, Werner, Markkanen, Johannes, Martinez Navajas, Ignacio, Martins, Zita, Matsuoka, Ayako, Matyjasiak, Barbara, Mazelle, Christian, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Meier, Mirko, Michaelis, Harald, Micheli, Marco, Migliorini, Alessandra, Millet, Aude-Lyse, Moreno, Fernando, Mottola, Stefano, Moutounaick, Bruno, Muinonen, Karri, Müller, Daniel R., Murakami, Go, Murata, Naofumi, Myszka, Kamil, Nakajima, Shintaro, Nemeth, Zoltan, Nikolajev, Artiom, Nordera, Simone, Ohlsson, Dan, Olesk, Aire, Ottacher, Harald, Ozaki, Naoya, Oziol, Christophe, Patel, Manish, Savio Paul, Aditya, Penttilä, Antti, Pernechele, Claudio, Peterson, Joakim, Petraglio, Enrico, Piccirillo, Alice Maria, Plaschke, Ferdinand, Polak, Szymon, Postberg, Frank, Proosa, Herman, Protopapa, Silvia, Puccio, Walter, Ranvier, Sylvain, Raymond, Sean, Richter, Ingo, Rieder, Martin, Rigamonti, Roberto, Ruiz Rodriguez, Irene, Santolik, Ondrej, Sasaki, Takahiro, Schrödter, Rolf, Shirley, Katherine, Slavinskis, Andris, Sodor, Balint, Soucek, Jan, Stephenson, Peter, Stöckli, Linus, Szewczyk, Paweł, Troznai, Gabor, Uhlir, Ludek, Usami, Naoto, Valavanoglou, Aris, Vaverka, Jakub, Wang, Wei, Wang, Xiao-Dong, Wattieaux, Gaëtan, Wieser, Martin, Wolf, Sebastian, Yano, Hajime, Yoshikawa, Ichiro, Zakharov, Vladimir, Zawistowski, Tomasz, Zuppella, Paola, Rinaldi, Giovanna, and Ji, Hantao

Published
2024
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5. Science objectives of the MMX rover

Author

Ulamec, Stephan, Michel, Patrick, Grott, Matthias, Böttger, Ute, Schröder, Susanne, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Cho, Yuichiro, Rull, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Vernazza, Pierre, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Biele, Jens, Tardivel, Simon, Arrat, Denis, Hagelschuer, Till, Knollenberg, Jörg, Vivet, Damien, Sunday, Cecily, Jorda, Laurent, Groussin, Olivier, Robin, Colas, and Miyamoto, Hirdy

Published
2023
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6. A catalog of stereo anaglyphs of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Lamy, Philippe, Faury, Guillaume, Romeuf, David, Groussin, Olivier, Durand, Joelle, Beigbeder, Laurent, and Khum, Kea

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The OSIRIS/NAC camera onboard the Rosetta spacecraft acquired approximately 27000 images of comet 67PChuryumov-Gerasimenko at spatial scales down to a few centimeters. Numerous sequences of images separated by a few minutes suitable to stereo reconstruction allowed producing anaglyphs. They offer three-dimensional views complementary to other technics as a tool to understand the topography of the nucleus. Each one is documented by a set of 17 parameters. Over 1820 anaglyphs are available on a dedicated website at https://rosetta-3dcomet.cnes.fr, Comment: 9 pages with 12 figures; 430 new anaglyphs added; Figure 7 updated and Figure 11 corrected

Published
2019

7. Constraining models of activity on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with Rosetta trajectory, rotation, and water production measurements

Author

Attree, Nicholas, Jorda, Laurent, Groussin, Olivier, Mottola, Stefano, Thomas, Nick, Brouet, Yann, Kührt, Ekkehard, Knapmeyer, Martin, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Knollenberg, Jorg, Hviid, Stubbe, Hartogh, Paul, and Rodrigo, Rafael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims. We use four observational data sets, mainly from the Rosetta mission, to constrain the activity pattern of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Methods. We develop a numerical model that computes the production rate and non-gravitational acceleration of the nucleus of comet 67P as a function of time, taking into account its complex shape with a shape model reconstructed from OSIRIS imagery. We use this model to fit three observational data sets: the trajectory data from flight dynamics; the rotation state, as reconstructed from OSIRIS imagery; and the water production measurements from ROSINA, of 67P. The two key parameters of our model, adjusted to fit the three data sets all together, are the activity pattern and the momentum transfer efficiency (i.e., the so-called "$\eta$ parameter" of the non-gravitational forces). Results. We find an activity pattern able to successfully reproduce the three data sets simultaneously. The fitted activity pattern exhibits two main features: a higher effective active fraction in two southern super-regions ($\sim 10$~\%) outside perihelion compared to the northern ones ($< 4$~\%), and a drastic rise of the effective active fraction of the southern regions ($\sim 25-35$~\%) around perihelion. We interpret the time-varying southern effective active fraction by cyclic formation and removal of a dust mantle in these regions. Our analysis supports moderate values of the momentum transfer coefficient $\eta$ in the range $0.6-0.7$; values $\eta\leq0.5$ or $\eta\geq0.8$ degrade significantly the fit to the three data sets. Our conclusions reinforce the idea that seasonal effects linked to the orientation of the spin axis play a key role in the formation and evolution of dust mantles, and in turn largely control the temporal variations of the gas flux., Comment: 12 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in forthcoming Rosetta issue of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2019
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8. The MMX rover: performing in situ surface investigations on Phobos

Author

Michel, Patrick, Ulamec, Stephan, Böttger, Ute, Grott, Matthias, Murdoch, Naomi, Vernazza, Pierre, Sunday, Cecily, Zhang, Yun, Valette, Rudy, Castellani, Romain, Biele, Jens, Tardivel, Simon, Groussin, Olivier, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Grundmann, Jan Thimo, Arrat, Denis, Pont, Gabriel, Mary, Stephane, Grebenstein, Markus, Miyamoto, Hirdy, Nakamura, Tomoki, Wada, Koji, Yoshikawa, Kent, and Kuramoto, Kiyoshi

Published
2022
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10. Water Ice and Dust in the Innermost Coma of Comet 103P/Hartley 2

Author

Protopapa, Silvia, Sunshine, Jessica M., Feaga, Lori M., Kelley, Michael S. P., Hearn, Michael F. A', Farnham, Tony L., Groussin, Olivier, Besse, Sebastien, Merlin, Frederic, and Li, Jian-Yang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

On November 4th, 2010, the Deep Impact eXtended Investigation (DIXI) successfully encountered comet 103P/Hartley 2, when it was at a heliocentric distance of 1.06 AU. Spatially resolved near-IR spectra of comet Hartley 2 were acquired in the 1.05-4.83 micron wavelength range using the HRI-IR spectrometer. We present spectral maps of the inner ~10 kilometers of the coma collected 7 minutes and 23 minutes after closest approach. The extracted reflectance spectra include well-defined absorption bands near 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 micron consistent in position, bandwidth, and shape with the presence of water ice grains. Using Hapke's radiative transfer model, we characterize the type of mixing (areal vs. intimate), relative abundance, grain size, and spatial distribution of water ice and refractories. Our modeling suggests that the dust, which dominates the innermost coma of Hartley 2 and is at a temperature of 300K, is thermally and physically decoupled from the fine-grained water ice particles, which are on the order of 1 micron in size. The strong correlation between the water ice, dust, and CO2 spatial distribution supports the concept that CO2 gas drags the water ice and dust grains from the nucleus. Once in the coma, the water ice begins subliming while the dust is in a constant outflow. The derived water ice scale-length is compatible with the lifetimes expected for 1-micron pure water ice grains at 1 AU, if velocities are near 0.5 m/s. Such velocities, about three order of magnitudes lower than the expansion velocities expected for isolated 1-micron water ice particles [Hanner, 1981; Whipple, 1951], suggest that the observed water ice grains are likely aggregates., Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Icarus

Published
2014
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11. The Philae lander reveals low-strength primitive ice inside cometary boulders

Author

O’Rourke, Laurence, Heinisch, Philip, Blum, Jürgen, Fornasier, Sonia, Filacchione, Gianrico, Van Hoang, Hong, Ciarniello, Mauro, Raponi, Andrea, Gundlach, Bastian, Blasco, Rafael Andrés, Grieger, Björn, Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz, Küppers, Michael, Rotundi, Alessandra, Groussin, Olivier, Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Auster, Hans-Ulrich, Oklay, Nilda, Paar, Gerhard, Perucha, Maria del Pilar Caballo, Kovacs, Gabor, Jorda, Laurent, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Capaccioni, Fabrizio, Biver, Nicolas, Parker, Joel Wm., Tubiana, Cecilia, and Sierks, Holger

Published
2020
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12. The Persistent Activity of Jupiter-Family Comets at 3 to 7 AU

Author

Kelley, Michael S., Fernandez, Yanga R., Licandro, Javier, Lisse, Carey M., Reach, William T., A'Hearn, Michael F., Bauer, James, Campins, Humberto, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Groussin, Olivier, Lamy, Philippe L., Lowry, Stephen C., Meech, Karen J., Pittichova, Jana, Snodgrass, Colin, Toth, Imre, and Weaver, Harold A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an analysis of comet activity based on the Spitzer Space Telescope component of the Survey of the Ensemble Physical Properties of Cometary Nuclei. We show that the survey is well suited to measuring the activity of Jupiter-family comets at 3-7 AU from the Sun. Dust was detected in 33 of 89 targets (37 +/- 6%), and we conclude that 21 comets (24 +/- 5%) have morphologies that suggest ongoing or recent cometary activity. Our dust detections are sensitivity limited, therefore our measured activity rate is necessarily a lower limit. All comets with small perihelion distances (q < 1.8 AU) are inactive in our survey, and the active comets in our sample are strongly biased to post-perihelion epochs. We introduce the quantity epsilon-f-rho, intended to be a thermal emission counterpart to the often reported A-f-rho, and find that the comets with large perihelion distances likely have greater dust production rates than other comets in our survey at 3-7 AU from the Sun, indicating a bias in the discovered Jupiter-family comet population. By examining the orbital history of our survey sample, we suggest that comets perturbed to smaller perihelion distances in the past 150 yr are more likely to be active, but more study on this effect is needed., Comment: Accepted for publication in Icarus; 40 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables

Published
2013
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14. Thermal modelling of Mercury's surface for the MERTIS instrument

Author

Groussin, Olivier, Wohlfarth, Kay, Vernazza, Pierre, Hiesinger, Harald, Helbert, Jörn, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
modelling, mertis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], temperature, Mercury
Abstract

International audience; Context - The Bepi-Colombo mission (ESA-JAXA) will reach Mercury in December 2025 (Benkhoff et al. 2021). Onboard, the Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer (MERTIS; Hiesinger et al. 2010) will study the surface composition and map the surface temperature. The interpretation of the MERTIS data requires a dedicated thermal model, able to predict accurately the surface temperature at any location and any time on Mercury. Previous works on this topic have been performed by, e.g., Wohlfarth et al. (2021, 2022). The scientific objectives are to produce thermal inertia maps, to look for thermal anomalies (cold or hot spots), to look at the icy environment (polar cups craters), and to determine the thermal continuum for compositional studies.Thermal model - We developed a thermal model that considers solar heating, thermal emission, heat conductivity, projected shadows, and self-heating (i.e. mutual heating of facets seeing each other's). This thermal model is inherited and adapted from our previous works on small bodies (e.g. Groussin et al. 2004). Our thermal model is applied to the USGS Digital Elevation Model of Mercury with 20 million facets, and run for six revolutions of Mercury, i.e. three complete thermal cycles, until convergence. The geometry is computed by the OASIS software (Jorda et al. 2016). The thermal model is parallelized, and for a given set of parameters (typically for a given thermal inertia), it runs in two hours for a polar cup (1.4 million facets) on a 24 cores CPU PC. The output of the model is the surface temperature map, for any position (time) of Mercury on its orbit, and for various thermal inertia. The surface temperature can then be used to compute the spectral energy distribution, to be compared with the MERTIS data.Preliminary results - We applied our thermal model to the Northern polar cup of Mercury. Figure 1 shows the maximum surface temperature over one complete thermal cycle, i.e. two revolutions of Mercury, for a thermal inertia of 50 J/K/m2/m1/2. The maximum temperature varies strongly across the surface, and many surface morphologies like craters are still visible in the thermal infrared, with the side facing the pole being colder than the side facing the equator. Many blue patches are also visible, inside craters, and correspond to areas of permanent shadows, where the temperature is constantly below 150 K, allowing the presence of exposed water ice. Those results are similar to those obtained by Paige et al. (2013), also discussed by Chabot et al. (2019).Perspectives - The current shape model, with 20 million facets, provides a spatial resolution of 3.7 km2 per facet on average, while the MERTIS instrument will have a spatial resolution up to 0.1 km2 per pixel (at 400 km altitude). Even though the topography is crucial for thermal models, unresolved surface roughness further influences the thermal behavior, but occurs on much smaller scales of approximately 0.5 - 1 cm (Bandfield et al. 2015). The current standard is therefore to include a model that addresses surface roughness to mitigate directional effects, which are due to shadowing and self-heating. We will do this by adding fractal roughness, as we already did in the past for small bodies in particular (Davidsson et al. 2015), as illustrated in Figure 2.ReferencesBandfield et al. 2015, Icarus 248, 357Benkhoff et al. 2021, Space Science Review 217, 90Chabot et al. 2019, Mercury - The view after MESSENGER, Cambridge Univ. Press, 13Davidsson et al. 2015, Icarus 252, 1Groussin et al. 2004, Astronomy & Astrophysics 419, 375Hiesinger et al. 2010, Planetary and Space Science 58, 144Jorda et al. 2016, Icarus 277, 257Paige et al. 2013, Science 339, 300Wohlfarth et al. 2021, LPSC conference 52, 2548Wohlfarth et al. 2022, LPSC conference 53, 2431Figure 1 - Maximum surface temperature on the Northern polar cup of Mercury, for a thermal inertia of 50 J/K/m2/m1/2. The blue areas are in permanent shadows, inside craters, with a temperature constantly below 150 K, allowing the presence of exposed water ice. Figure 2 - Example of a terrain with 32000 facets, on which we added fractal roughness, with a fractal dimension of 2.2.

Published
2023
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20. CO2-driven surface changes in the Hapi region on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

Davidsson, Björn J R, primary, Schloerb, F Peter, additional, Fornasier, Sonia, additional, Oklay, Nilda, additional, Gutiérrez, Pedro J, additional, Buratti, Bonnie J, additional, Chmielewski, Artur B, additional, Gulkis, Samuel, additional, Hofstadter, Mark D, additional, Keller, H Uwe, additional, Sierks, Holger, additional, Güttler, Carsten, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, Rickman, Hans, additional, Choukroun, Mathieu, additional, Lee, Seungwon, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Lethuillier, Anthony, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Kührt, Ekkehard, additional, Thomas, Nicolas, additional, Tubiana, Cecilia, additional, El-Maarry, M Ramy, additional, La Forgia, Fiorangela, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, and Pajola, Maurizio, additional

Published
2022
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21. EPOXI instrument calibration

Author

Klaasen, Kenneth P., A’Hearn, Michael, Besse, Sebastian, Bodewits, Dennis, Carcich, Brian, Farnham, Tony, Feaga, Lori, Groussin, Olivier, Hampton, Donald, Huisjen, Marty, Kelley, Michael S., McLaughlin, Stephanie, Merlin, Frederic, Protopapa, Silvia, Sunshine, Jessica, Thomas, Peter, and Wellnitz, Dennis

Published
2013
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23. Shape, density, and geology of the nucleus of Comet 103P/Hartley 2

Author

Thomas, P.C., A’Hearn, Michael F., Veverka, Joseph, Belton, Michael J.S., Kissel, Jochen, Klaasen, Kenneth P., McFadden, Lucy A., Melosh, H. Jay, Schultz, Peter H., Besse, Sébastien, Carcich, Brian T., Farnham, Tony L., Groussin, Olivier, Hermalyn, Brendan, Li, Jian-Yang, Lindler, Don J., Lisse, Carey M., Meech, Karen, and Richardson, James E.

Published
2013
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24. HARMONI at ELT: overview of the capabilities and expected performance of the ELT's first light, adaptive optics assisted integral field spectrograph.

Author

Thatte, Niranjan ., primary, Melotte, Dave, additional, Neichel, Benoit, additional, Le Mignant, David, additional, Bryson, Ian, additional, Clarke, Fraser, additional, Ferraro-Wood, Vanessa, additional, Fusco, Thierry, additional, Gonzalez, Oscar, additional, Schnetler, Hermine, additional, Tecza, Matthias, additional, Wilson, Sandi, additional, Álvarez Urueña, Alonso, additional, Vilaseca, Heribert A., additional, Arribas Mocoroa, Santiago, additional, Carracedo Carballale, Gonzalo José, additional, Crespo, Alejandro, additional, Estrada Piqueras, Alberto, additional, García García, Miriam, additional, Martínez Martín, Cecilia, additional, Pereira Santaella, Miguel, additional, Perna, Michele, additional, Piqueras López, Javier, additional, Bouché, Niolas, additional, Boudon, Didier, additional, Daguisé, Eric, additional, Disseau, Karen, additional, Fensch, Jérémy J., additional, Girardot, Adrien, additional, Guibert, Matthieu, additional, Jarno, Aurélien, additional, Jeanneau, Alexandre, additional, Krogager, Jens-Kristian, additional, Laurent, Florence, additional, Loupias, Magali, additional, Migniau, Jean-Emmanuel, additional, Piqueras, Laure, additional, Remillieux, Alban, additional, Richard, Johan, additional, Pecontal, Arlette, additional, Bardou, Lisa F., additional, Barr, David, additional, Cetre, Sylvain, additional, Deshmukh, Rishi, additional, Dimoudi, Sofia, additional, Dubbledam, Marc, additional, Dunn, Andrew, additional, Gadotti, Dimitra, additional, Guy, Joss J., additional, King, David L., additional, Little, David J., additional, McLeod, Anna, additional, Morris, Simon, additional, Morris, Tim, additional, O'Brien, Kieran S., additional, Ronson, Emily, additional, Smith, Russell, additional, Staykov, Lazar, additional, Swinbank, Mark, additional, Townson, Matthew, additional, Accardo, Matteo, additional, Alvarez Mendez, Domingo, additional, George, Elizabeth, additional, Hopgood, Joshua, additional, Ives, Derek, additional, Mehrgan, Leander, additional, Mueller, Eric, additional, Reyes-Moreno, Javier, additional, Conzelmann, Ralf, additional, Gutierrez Cheetham, Pablo, additional, Alonso-Sánchez, Ángel, additional, Battaglia, Giuseppina, additional, Cagigas Garcia, Miguel Angel, additional, Chulani, Haresh M., additional, Delgado García, Graciela C., additional, Fernández-Izquierdo, Patricia, additional, Fragoso López, Ana Belén, additional, García-Lorenzo, Begoña, additional, Hernández González, Alberto, additional, Hernández Suárez, Elvio, additional, Herreros Linares, Jose Miguel, additional, Joven, Enrique, additional, López López, Roberto, additional, Lujan Gonzalez, Alejandro Antonio, additional, Martín, Yolanda, additional, Mediavilla, Evencio, additional, Menéndez Mendoza, Saúl, additional, Montoya Martínez, Luz Maria, additional, Peñate Castro, José, additional, Pérez, Álvaro, additional, Rasilla, José Luis, additional, Rebolo-López, Rafael, additional, Rodríguez-Ramos, Luis Fernando, additional, Vega Moreno, Afrodisio, additional, Viera-Curbelo, Teodora, additional, Zanon Dametto, Natacha, additional, Carlotti, Alexis, additional, Correia, Jean-Jacques, additional, Curaba, Stéphane, additional, Delboulbé, Alain, additional, Guieu, Sylvain, additional, Hours, Adrien, additional, Hubert, Zoltan, additional, Jocou, Laurent, additional, Magnard, Yves, additional, Moulin, Thibaut, additional, Pancher, Fabrice, additional, Rabou, Patrick, additional, Stadler, Eric, additional, Vérove, Maxime, additional, Contini, Thierry, additional, Larrieu, Marie, additional, Boebion, Olivier, additional, Fantéï-Caujolle, Yan, additional, Lecron, Daniel, additional, Rousseau, Sylvain, additional, Amram, Philippe, additional, Beltramo-Martin, Olivier, additional, Bon, William, additional, Bonnefoi, Anne, additional, Ceria, William, additional, Challita, Zalpha, additional, Charles, Yannick, additional, Choquet, Elodie, additional, Correia, Carlos, additional, Costille, Anne, additional, Dohlen, Kjetil, additional, Ducret, Franck, additional, El Hadi, Kacem, additional, Gach, Jean-Luc, additional, Gimenez, Jean-Luc, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Jaquet, Marc, additional, Jouve, Pierre, additional, Madec, Fabrice, additional, Pedreros Bustos, Felipe, additional, Renault, Edgard, additional, Sanchez, Patrice, additional, Vigan, Arthur, additional, Vola, Pascal, additional, Zavago, Annie, additional, Fétick, Romain, additional, Lim, Caroline, additional, Petit, Cyril, additional, Sauvage, Jean-Francois, additional, Védrenne, Nicolas, additional, Bagci, Fehim Taha, additional, Caldwell, Martin E., additional, Elliott, Ellis, additional, Hiscock, Peter, additional, Johnson, Emma, additional, Nalagatla, Murali, additional, Seitis, Aristea, additional, Wells, Mark, additional, Black, Martin, additional, Bond, Charlotte Z., additional, Brierley, Saskia, additional, Campbell, Kenneth, additional, Campbell, Neil, additional, Carruthers, James, additional, Cochrane, William, additional, Evans, Chris, additional, Harman, Joel, additional, Humphreys, William, additional, Louth, Thomas, additional, Miller, Chris, additional, Montgomery, David, additional, Murali, Meenu, additional, Murray, John, additional, O'Malley, Norman, additional, Sanchez-Janssen, Ruben, additional, Schwartz, Noah, additional, Smith, Patrick, additional, Strachan, Jonathan, additional, Todd, Stephen, additional, Watt, Stuart, additional, Wells, Martyn, additional, Yaqoob, Asim, additional, Bell, Eric, additional, Gnedin, Oleg O., additional, Gultekin, Kayhan, additional, Mateo, Mario, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Ahmad, Munadi, additional, Birkby, Jayne, additional, Booth, Michael, additional, Cappellari, Michele, additional, Castillo Dominguez, Edgar, additional, Chao Ortiz, Jorge, additional, Gooding, David, additional, Grisdale, Kearn, additional, Hidalgo Valadez, Andrea, additional, Hogan, Laurence, additional, Kariuki, James, additional, Lewis, Ian, additional, Lowe, Adam, additional, Ozer, Zeynep, additional, Routledge, Laurence, additional, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, additional, and York, Alec, additional

Published
2022
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25. EPOXI at Comet Hartley 2

Author

A'Hearn, Michael F., Belton, Michael J. S., Delamere, W. Alan, Feaga, Lori M., Hampton, Donald, Kissel, Jochen, Klaasen, Kenneth P., McFadden, Lucy A., Meech, Karen J., Melosh, H. Jay, Schultz, Peter H., Sunshine, Jessica M., Thomas, Peter C., Veverka, Joseph, Wellnitz, Dennis D., Yeomans, Donald K., Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Bowling, Timothy J., Carcich, Brian T., Collins, Steven M., Farnham, Tony L., Groussin, Olivier, Hermalyn, Brendan, Kelley, Michael S., Li, Jian-Yang, Lindler, Don J., Lisse, Carey M., McLaughlin, Stephanie A., Merlin, Frédéric, Protopapa, Silvia, Richardson, James E., and Williams, Jade L.

Published
2011
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27. Meter-scale thermal contraction crack polygons on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Ramy El-Maarry, Mohamed, Groussin, Olivier, Jorda, Laurent, Bouley, Sylvain, Séjourné, Antoine, Capanna, Claire, Höfner, Sebastian, Sierks, Holger, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; Since August 2014, high spatial resolution images of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko have been acquired by the OSIRIS camera onboard Rosetta, enabling to identify meter-scale features on the surface (Thomas et al., 2015; El-Maary et al., 2015). Here, we report on the detection and characterization of thermal contraction polygons. We have identified more than 6000 polygons on 67P, using OSIRIS images with a spatial resolution down to 1.6 m/pixel. They are observed in consolidated terrains, from flat terrains to steep terrains such as cliffs and pit walls. The size of polygons is in the range 1 - 10 m, with a mean value of 3 m. Polygons detected on 67P show morphologies with an elevated center. Polygons are known to form on Mars and Earth when the thermal stress of the surface icy materials exceeds their tensile strength, therefore forming fractures (Lachenbruch, 1962; Mangold, 2005; Marchant & Head, 2007). The size, shape and spatial distribution of polygons across the surface provide constraints on their formation and evolution processes, the sub-surface water ice content, the thermal history of the surface and the mechanical properties of the surface material (e.g., Mellon et al., 2008; Levy et al., 2011).

Published
2022

28. Two independent and primitive envelopes of the bilobate nucleus of comet 67P

Author

Massironi, Matteo, Simioni, Emanuele, Marzari, Francesco, Cremonese, Gabriele, Giacomini, Lorenza, Pajola, Maurizio, Jorda, Laurent, Naletto, Giampiero, Lowry, Stephen, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, AʼHearn, Michael F., Agarwal, Jessica, Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Barucci, Antonella M., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Capanna, Claire, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, Carsten, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., Magrin, Sara, Michalik, Harald, Mottola, Stefano, Oklay, Nilda, Pommerol, Antoine, Thomas, Nicolas, Tubiana, Cecilia, and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Published
2015
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29. Large heterogeneities in comet 67P as revealed by active pits from sinkhole collapse

Author

Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Bodewits, Dennis, Besse, Sébastien, Sierks, Holger, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rodrigo, Rafael, Koschny, Detlef, Rickman, Hans, Keller, Horst Uwe, Agarwal, Jessica, AʼHearn, Michael F., Auger, Anne-Thérèse, Barucci, M. Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Bertini, Ivano, Capanna, Claire, Cremonese, Gabriele, Da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn, Debei, Stefano, De Cecco, Mariolino, El-Maarry, Mohamed Ramy, Ferri, Francesca, Fornasier, Sonia, Fulle, Marco, Gaskell, Robert, Giacomini, Lorenza, Groussin, Olivier, Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurélie, Gutierrez-Marques, P., Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Güttler, Carsten, Hoekzema, Nick, Höfner, Sebastian, Hviid, Stubbe F., Ip, Wing-Huen, Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Kovacs, Gabor, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Küppers, Michael, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lara, Luisa M., Lazzarin, Monica, Lee, Vicky, Leyrat, Cédric, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lopez Moreno, Josè J., Lowry, Stephen, Magrin, Sara, Maquet, Lucie, Marchi, Simone, Marzari, Francesco, Massironi, Matteo, Michalik, Harald, Moissl, Richard, Mottola, Stefano, Naletto, Giampiero, Oklay, Nilda, Pajola, Maurizio, Preusker, Frank, Scholten, Frank, Thomas, Nicolas, Toth, Imre, and Tubiana, Cecilia

Published
2015
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31. TNOs are Cool: A Survey of the Transneptunian Region: A Herschel Open Time Key Programme

Author

Müller, Thomas G., Lellouch, Emmanuel, Böhnhardt, Hermann, Stansberry, John, Barucci, Antonella, Crovisier, Jacques, Delsanti, Audrey, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dotto, Elisabetta, Duffard, René, Fornasier, Sonia, Groussin, Olivier, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hainaut, Olivier, Harris, Alan W., Hartogh, Paul, Hestroffer, Daniel, Horner, Jonathan, Jewitt, Dave, Kidger, Mark, Kiss, Csaba, Lacerda, Pedro, Lara, Luisa, Lim, Tanya, Mueller, Michael, Moreno, Raphael, Ortiz, Jose-Luis, Rengel, Miriam, Santos-Sanz, Pablo, Swinyard, Bruce, Thomas, Nicolas, Thirouin, Audrey, and Trilling, David

Published
2009
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32. 3D Modelling of fault network in the nucleus of comet 67P: implications for its internal structure and evolution

Author

Matonti, Christophe, Viseur, Sophie, Jorda, L., Groussin, Olivier, and Matonti, Christophe

Subjects
Comet nucleus, Shear-faults, Erosion, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Internal structure, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Structural modelling
Published
2021

33. Evidence for scalloped terrains on 67P

Author

Bouquety, Axel, primary, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Séjourné, Antoine, additional, Costard, François, additional, and Bouley, Sylvain, additional

Published
2021
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35. Deep Impact and sample return

Author

A’Hearn, Michael F., Belton, Michael J. S., Collins, Steven M., Farnham, Tony L., Feaga, Lori M., Groussin, Olivier, Lisse, Carey M., Meech, Karen J., Schultz, Peter H., and Sunshine, Jessica M.

Published
2008
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39. Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 around the Deep Impact event by the OSIRIS cameras onboard Rosetta

Author

Keller, Horst Uwe, Küppers, Michael, Fornasier, Sonia, Gutiérrez, Pedro J., Hviid, Stubbe F., Jorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Lowry, Stephen C., Rengel, Miriam, Bertini, Ivano, Cremonese, Gabriele, Ip, Wing-H., Koschny, Detlef, Kramm, Rainer, Kührt, Ekkehard, Lara, Luisa-Maria, Sierks, Holger, Thomas, Nicolas, Barbieri, Cesare, Lamy, Philippe, Rickman, Hans, Rodrigo, Rafael, A'Hearn, Michael F., Angrilli, Francesco, Barucci, Maria-Antonella, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, da Deppo, Vania, Davidsson, Björn J.R., de Cecco, Mariolino, Debei, Stefano, Fulle, Marco, Gliem, Fritz, Groussin, Olivier, Lopez Moreno, José J., Marzari, Francesco, Naletto, Giampiero, Sabau, Lola, Sanz Andrés, Angel, and Wenzel, Klaus-Peter

Published
2007
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41. Accurate ephemeris reconstruction for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta data analysis

Author

Lasagni Manghi, Riccardo, primary, Zannoni, Marco, additional, Tortora, Paolo, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, O'Rourke, Laurence, additional, Martin, Patrick, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Budnik, Frank, additional, Mackenzie, Ruaraidh, additional, Godard, Bernard, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, and Thomas, Nicolas, additional

Published
2021
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42. The Nucleus of Comet 67P/Churyumov– Gerasimenko1

Author

Lamy, Philippe L., primary, Toth, Imre, additional, Davidsson, Björn J. R., additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Gutiérrez, Pedro, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Kaasalainen, Mikko, additional, and Lowry, Stephen C., additional

Published
2009
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43. The MMX Rover: Performing in-situ Surface Investigations on Phobos

Author

Michel, Patrick, primary, Ulamec, Stephan, additional, Boettger, Ute, additional, Grott, Matthias, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Vernazza, Pierre, additional, Sunday, Cecily, additional, Zhang, Yun, additional, Valette, Rudy, additional, Castellani, Romain, additional, Biele, Jens, additional, Tardivel, Simon, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Knollenberg, Joerg, additional, Grundmann, Jan Thimo, additional, Arrat, Denis, additional, Pont, Gabriel, additional, Mary, Stéphane, additional, Grebenstein, Markus, additional, Miyamoto, Hirdy, additional, Nakamura, Tomoki, additional, Wada, Koji, additional, Yoshikawa, Kent, additional, and Kuramoto, Kiyoshi, additional

Published
2021
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44. EPOXI at Comet Hartley 2

Author

AʼHearn, Michael F., Belton, Michael J.S., Delamere, W. Alan, Feaga, Lori M., Hampton, Donald, Kissel, Jochen, Klaasen, Kenneth P., McFadden, Lucy A., Meech, Karen J., Melosh, H. Jay, Schultz, Peter H., Sunshine, Jessica M., Thomas, Peter C., Veverka, Joseph, Wellnitz, Dennis D., Yeomans, Donald K., Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Bowling, Timothy J., Carcich, Brian T., Collins, Steven M., Farnham, Tony L., Groussin, Olivier, Hermalyn, Brendan, Kelley, Michael S., Li, Jian-Yang, Lindler, Don J., Lisse, Carey M., McLaughlin, Stephanie A., Merlin, Frédéric, Protopapa, Silvia, Richardson, James E., and Williams, Jade L.

Published
2011
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46. Accurate reconstruction of comet 67P orbit through re-analysis of Rosetta ranging data acquired during proximity operations

Author

Lasagni Manghi, Riccardo, primary, Zannoni, Marco, additional, Tortora, Paolo, additional, Küppers, Michael, additional, O'Rourke, Laurence, additional, Martin, Patrick, additional, Mottola, Stefano, additional, Keller, Uwe, additional, Budnik, Frank, additional, Taylor, Matt, additional, Jorda, Laurent, additional, Groussin, Olivier, additional, and Thomas, Nicolas, additional

Published
2020
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48. Cometary Volatiles and the Origin of Comets

Author

A'Hearn, Michael F, Feaga, Lori M, Keller, H. Uwe, Kawakita, Hideyo, Hampton, Donald L, Kissel, Jochen, Klaasen, Kenneth P, McFadden, Lucy A, Meech, Karen J, Schultz, Peter H, Sunshine, Jessica M, Thomas, Peter C, Veverka, Joseph, Yeomans, Donald K, Besse, Sebastien, Bodewits, Dennis, Farnham, Tony L, Groussin, Olivier, Kelley, Michael S, Lisse, Carey M, Merlin, Frederic, Protopapa, Silvia, and Wellnitz, Dennis D

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

We describe recent results on the CO/C02/H2O composition of comets and compare these with models of the protoplanetary disk. We argue that the cometary observations require reactions on grain surfaces to convert CO to CO2 and also require formation between the CO and CO2 snow lines. This then requires very early mixing of cometesimals in the protoplanetary disk analogous to the mixing described for the asteroid belt by Walsh and Morbidelli. We suggest that most comets formed in the region of the giant planets. the traditional source of the Oort-cloud comets but not of the Jupiter-family comets

Published
2012

49. A catalog of stereo anaglyphs of comet 67P/Churyumov- Gerasimenko - Application to the detection of deep ice pits

Author

Lamy, Philippe, Faury, G., Romeuf, D., Groussin, Olivier, Durand, Joelle, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The OSIRIS/NAC camera aboard the Rosetta spacecraft has acquired approximately 27000 images of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at spatial scales down to a few centimeters. We exploit the numerous sequences of images separated by a few minutes suitable for stereo reconstructions to produce anaglyphs offering three-dimensional views of the comet, complementary to other technics, as a tool to understand the topography of the nucleus. Each anaglyph is documented by a set of 17 parameters which provide the contextual information. Over 1400 anaglyphs have been produced and cataloged so far; they are available on a dedicated website and can be searched using the associated parameters. As a first application, we present direct evidences of sub-surface ice at the bottom of deep pits, so-called "ice pits" identified on high-resolution anaglyphs. Their geometry and size are obtained from stereographic reconstruction. Both their high reflectivity and their blue color substantiate the presence of ice.

Published
2019

50. VirtuaField: Virtual fields for training students to field practice

Author

Viseur, Sophie, Lamarche, Juliette, Benedetti, Lucilla, Leonide, Philippe, Borgomano, Jean, Rizza, Magali, Jorda, L., Groussin, Olivier, Suchéras-Marx, Baptiste, Fleury, Jules, Siame, Lionel, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

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