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Objective: Relational and emotional vulnerability represent essential problems among patients with personality disorder (PD). Group psychotherapy is a central component of evidence-based PD treatments. Generally, patient and therapist interrelationships predict improvement in therapy. However, although treatment of patients with PD is a more complex process, group processes are poorly elaborated in PD research. Documentation of the psychometric quality of group process measures in PD samples is an important precursor of such research. The Group Questionnaire—GQ is based on concepts of group cohesion and climate, empathy, and alliance and aims to capture the quality of member–member, member–group, and member–leader relationships in group therapy. A three latent factor structure (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) has generally been supported. This study aimed to perform a psychometric analysis of GQ administered in a clinical population of patients with PD. Method: The study included 369 patients with PDs attending group psychotherapy in 14 outpatient treatment units on a specialist mental health service level within the Norwegian Network of Personality Disorders in the period 2017–2020. Psychometric analyses included three latent factors and eight subfacets. Results: The three latent factors, positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship, were replicated. Psychometric integrity of the tripartite relationship structure—member–member, member–group, and member–leader, with eight subfacets, was supported. Conclusion: The GQ with three latent factors and eight subfacets can be recommended for future research and clinical practice in patient populations with PD.

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at an increased risk of being classified as overweight or with obesity in part due to PTSD symptoms (e.g., sleep disturbance and social isolation) interfering with activity and healthy eating. MOVE!+UP is a 16-week behavioral weight management program, tailored to address such barriers for people with PTSD, by combining evidence-based weight loss education and support with cognitive behavior therapy skills to reduce PTSD symptom-based weight management barriers. This qualitative study examined veterans' (n = 37) perceptions of social support relevant to weight management, health behaviors, and mental health while participating in an uncontrolled pilot of MOVE!+UP. Template analysis of transcripts from 1-hr semistructured qualitative interviews identified four main categories of participant responses. Participants described positive aspects, particularly cohesiveness around a shared veteran identity, feeling less alone, accountability, and having others eat healthier and exercise with them. Conversely, relationship-based barriers included other participants' poor MOVE!+UP group session attendance and engagement, and loved ones' encouragement of making unhealthy choices. Many described having limited relationships or trouble accessing available support. Finally, PTSD symptoms were a significant barrier to utilizing social support to facilitate weight loss. Findings suggest future behavioral weight management programs should recruit members with similar backgrounds to capitalize on shared experience, encourage consistent attendance and meaningful participation, deliver education about how to leverage social support from others outside the program, and address mental health symptoms that impede social support and healthy lifestyles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Recreational activities are uniquely suited for the implementation of a positive youth development (PYD) approach, as they create space for youths’ physical, psychological, and social development. This may be especially true for vulnerable youth who face additional risk factors such as single parent homes and living in low-income communities. Momentum Bicycle Clubs (MBC), based in Greenville, South Carolina, use noncompetitive recreational bicycling as a mechanism to facilitate group mentoring opportunities for high-risk youth. MBC engage youth with their community while providing opportunities for leadership, building positive relationships, exercise, and learning new skills. This exploratory project’s purpose is to better understand the bicycle as a PYD mechanism through group mentoring by studying MBC program design, processes, and outcomes. Researchers identified three primary themes that indicated the bicycle provided youth opportunities to gain responsibility, confidence, and improved health. Sub themes provided additional context. For example, youth gained responsibility for their bikes and related equipment, as well as their individual and the group’s safety. MBC is an example of using individual specialized recreation equipment as an effective PYD mechanism that allows the program to meet more PYD desired outcomes than traditional programs. The bicycle rides differentiate the program dynamic from other PYD programs as the mentors are also group participants. This allows the mentors to share in the experience and role model behavior, which may foster stronger group identity and cohesiveness. Year-round asset intensive programs of this nature have management challenges, including sufficient resources (e.g., bicycle storage and maintenance), mentors willing to ride bicycles, as well as ensuring youth safety while riding. The resource challenges are met through extensive partnerships with government, nonprofit, and commercial agencies, which has also benefitted the program through a wider variety of mentors, adult role models, internship opportunities for the youth, and community knowledge about MBC. Safe bicycling is accomplished through extensive training, locating the clubs in areas with access to low traffic streets, and a 20-mile paved multiuse path. Lastly, since it is difficult to have meaningful conversations while riding, mentors must build in time before and after rides and at planned stops to facilitate the most meaningful mentor-mentee relationships.

A major health policy concern of deployed U.S. military personnel has been the observed high occurrence of postdeployment behavioral health problems. Unit cohesiveness is considered one of several protective factors against the negative effects of combat exposure. Studies, however, have not examined cohesiveness' group-level effects on the relationship of combat stressors to behavioral health problems. These relationships were examined both at the soldier level and unit level using hierarchical linear modeling. Recently, returned deployed Army National Guard soldiers (N = 4,567 in 50 companies) responded to questions about combat exposure, postdeployment unit cohesiveness, and behavioral health problems. Combat events were associated with more suicidal thoughts, alcohol misuse, and behavioral health problems. By comparison, unit cohesiveness was associated with fewer behavioral health problems both at the individual level (all three outcome variables) and unit level (alcohol misuse and behavioral health problems). At the soldier level, the buffering effect of unit cohesiveness was evident only for alcohol misuse. At the unit level the protective factor of unit cohesiveness on unit members' behavioral health was evident for alcohol misuse and behavioral health problems. In addition, the relationship of combat events to suicidal thoughts was less evident among units having higher rather than lower levels of unit cohesiveness (cross-leveling effect). Findings suggest that integrative unit relationships better enable soldiers to adjust to combat exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

BACKGROUND Dying concerns are thoughts expressed by a person diagnosed with a terminal illness or by an individual coping with the impending death of a loved one. Little is known about the dying concerns of parents with advanced cancer (PWACs) with dependent children, and even less is known about the dying concerns of the coparent. Understanding the PWACs' dying concerns for the coparent can contribute to the overall health of the family when faced with the death of a loved one. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot descriptive study was to explore the PWACs' perspective of their dying concerns for their coparent. METHODS Four PWACs were recruited from 2 oncology inpatient units from an urban community hospital within the same hospital system. Semistructured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed with 4 participants. Data analysis used directed content analysis. RESULTS Parents with advanced cancer expressed concern about the repercussions of advanced cancer on family cohesiveness. Three subthemes within this general structure were "My Weakest Link," "If I'm Not There, Where Do They Go?" and "Putting Up a Front." CONCLUSIONS Parents with advanced cancer have concerns beyond their role as a parent could make a difference in the overall health of the PWACs, but also the family unit. The PWACs' concerns are present but may be covered over by use of protective mechanisms to maintain family cohesiveness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Understanding dying concerns may enhance nurse-initiated communications between family members and healthcare providers to improve psychological distress and enhance family functioning.

This multimethod study investigated nursing staff’s perception of teamwork within blood and marrow transplant and immune cell therapy units. Higher teamwork scores (Nursing Teamwork Survey) were related to higher job satisfaction and teamwork satisfaction. Perceptions of adequate staffing corresponded with higher teamwork scores. Higher levels of education were related to Team Leadership and Backup subscales. Thematic analysis identified themes for presence (cohesiveness, helping without asking, shared goal of patient care) and absence of teamwork (not helping one another, negative impact on patient care, chaos, tension). Three themes emerged for improving teamwork: take initiative to help, communication, treat one another positively.

To break the chain of spread of the Covid-19 virus, the government issued a PPKM policy which requires essential companies to only employ 25% of their employees, this has resulted in the company experiencing an unexpected crisis. the readiness of a company's leadership to determine the level of effectiveness in dealing with the onslaught of the Covid-19 pandemic. This analysis focuses on the leadership style in the company PT. BPR in dealing with the Covid-19 outbreak by examining the level of alertness, responsiveness, cohesiveness, and coordination between organizations. The results of the study show that leaders at PT BPR use an empathetic leadership style which is one of the choices for leaders to carry out leadership functions during the covid-19 pandemic. One of Rensis Likert's theories is 4 Systems or 4 Leadership communication styles. A leader must have the attitude of a Consultative Leader, meaning that with the current covid-19 pandemic, the leader should have little trust in his subordinates, subordinates need information, ideas or opinions through consultation. Because applying an empathetic leadership style alone is not enough to maintain the company and only reduces employee performance because it is considered that leaders provide opportunities and employees will be in a comfort zone.

Positive and cohesive mother-father-child triadic interactions have substantial benefits for socio-emotional growth in early childhood. Nonetheless, the joint contributions of infant-mother and infant-father attachment relationships to triadic interaction quality are not well understood. The present study examined associations between attachment configurations with mother and father in infancy (i.e., double secure, double insecure, or discordant) and observed triadic interaction quality in early childhood, as well as the possible mediating role of children's preferences for one parent over the other during the triadic interaction. Infant-mother and infant-father attachment quality were assessed in laboratory procedures at one year of age in a predominantly White and middle-class sample (N = 67) of American families. Triadic family interaction quality and children's parental preferences were assessed from semi-structured observations at age 3. Results indicated that double secure families exhibited significantly better triadic interaction quality than both double insecure and discordant families, with no differences between the latter two groups. Children in discordant families were disproportionately likely to show a preference for one parent over the other. In turn, stronger parental preferences were related to less cohesive, less affectively positive, and more disengaged triadic interactions, and mediated links from attachment discordance to both lower cohesiveness and greater disengagement. Findings speak to the importance of incorporating observational assessments of dyadic and triadic family interactions involving both mothers and fathers to elucidate family system influences on early development.

This study is conducted to analyze the context of toxic relationships and find out the characteristics and negative impacts of toxic relationships in a story, After, written by Anna Todd, published in 2013. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method because the process of the results and discussion are accomplished descriptively. One of the significant theories used in this research is proposed by Glass (1995) who claims that toxic relationship is any relationship between people who do not support each other, there is conflict and one seeks to undermine the other, a competition, and disrespect and a lack of cohesiveness. The characteristics of toxic relationships which are analyzed are excessive romantic jealousy, egoism (selfishness) of the partner, and lack of honesty. The negative impacts which are analyzed are disrespect and abuse. The results of this study are that toxic relationships are dangerous and should be avoided by a couple to get a harmony.

AIMS Generalized trust is a crucial determinant of individual and social well-being and is the fundamental element of a healthy society. However, a decline in generalized trust was observed among Hong Kong young adults, despite local neighborhoods, and placed-based experiences gaining popularity among Hong Kong young people. Hence, this paper examines the effect of neighborhood-level factors on promoting generalized trust. METHOD Cross-sectional data were obtained from 1635 young adults aged 17-23 through mixed-mode surveys-a computer-assisted telephone interviewing CATI telephone survey, an online survey, and a mail survey. RESULTS Logistic regression results showed that neighborhood cohesiveness, being an active member of a religious organization, being an active member of a local youth organization, acceptance of ethnic diversity, and having a good parental relationship were related to higher odds of reporting generalized trust. CONCLUSION Research and practice implications and the international relevance of the findings are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Group thinking, cohesiveness and Personality characteristics as predictors of Criminal Behaviour. The population comprises of Three Hundred (300) students through stratified sampling technique from institutions in Ekiti State was used. A questionnaire was designed using a descriptive research design for data collection. The data was collected using questionnaire. Three hypotheses were tested in total and they are: there will be a significant relationship between group thinking, cohesiveness, personality characteristics and criminal behavior; Personality Characteristics will significantly predict criminal behavior; Group thinking and cohesiveness will have main and interaction influence on criminal behaviour; the first hypothesis was tested using regression analysis and found that there is a positive and significant relationship between criminal behaviour and group thinking with r = .194, p 0.05 significant level and the hypothesis rejected. The thirds hypothesis was tested using one way ANOVA analysis showed that group thinking has an influence on criminal behaviour among adolescents, F(299) = 5.768, p0.05. the results were discussed in line with relevant empirical literature, conclusion and recommendation. The study concluded that group thinking is a major predictor of criminal behaviour among adolescents, while group cohesiveness and personality characteristics do not influence criminal behaviour among adolescents. It was recommended that there is need of adequate sensitization of adolescents on the negative consequences criminal behavior and how it can affect their future if not curtailed, Government should organize empowerment for the youth, so that it can reduce criminal act and the government introduces or organize seminar to the adolescents, to teach them how to behave in the society.

The dependence of powder flowability on particle cohesion can often be captured by a dimensionless Bond number, however, whether the same is true for powder spreadability remains unclear. This paper thus presents a particle-scale study on the spreading of cohesive fine powders for additive manufacturing, focusing on the combined effect of particle size and surface cohesiveness. With an experimental validated model, detailed analysis revealed two competing mechanisms due to geometrical constraint and interparticle cohesion. For small particles that allows multiple particles across blade clearance, layer homogeneity is largely maintained before deteriorating sharply, while for large particles that forming a mono-layered packing structure, an optimum homogeneity can be obtained at a moderate level of particle cohesion. The efficacy of increasing blade clearance to improve layer quality was also evaluated. This study can help to identify a critical set of powder descriptors that defines spreading performance.

Commitment to organization is determined by the extent to which organizational justice and group cohesiveness emerges and manifests within the organization. In the context of school, this is a challenge that must be used as a principle in the development and performance change for each element in school. The purpose of this study is to seek efforts to increase commitment to the organization through an assessment of the strength of the relationship between commitment to organization owned by teachers and organizational justice and group cohesiveness. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach using correlation analysis and SITOREM analysis. The research was conducted in 16 private junior high schools in Tanah Sareal district, Bogor City. The research population was 171 teachers, the research sample was 120 permanent teachers’ foundation the so-called Gru Tetap Yayasan (GTY). The results of this study are: 1) there is a very significant positive relationship between organizational justice and commitment to organization; 2) there is a very significant positive relationship between group cohesiveness and commitment to organization; 3) there is a very significant positive relationship between organizational justice and group cohesiveness together with commitment to organization. Efforts that need to be improved to increase commitment to the organization are: 1) honesty, 2) feasibility in obtaining resources, 3) propriety, 4) justification, 5) explanation, 6) process control, 7) intensity of members to be together and 9) loyalty towards school.

Community search has attracted widespread attention in many fields, such as protein interaction networks, social networks, and knowledge graphs. It aims to find cohesive subgraphs that are closely related to a query vertex q in a graph G. Existing community search researches based on attribute graphs rarely consider the semantic information of attributes and interpretability of the community. In this paper, we study Community Search over Semantic-based Attribute Graphs (CSSAG), where the attribute of each vertex in the graph G is a semantic graph. To guarantee both the attribute and structure cohesiveness of the community, we introduce the maximal common subgraph and minimal degree metric to measure the cohesiveness of the attribute and structure, respectively. In this way, we can get more understandable and diverse cohesive subgraphs as depicted in the experiment. Also, we design three different online query algorithms by integrating new pruning strategies to shift the search space. Extensive experiments on real-world networks show that our approaches are effective and efficient.

Group cohesion at sleeping sites may have multiple functions in nonhuman primates, such as facilitating behavioral thermoregulation, social interactions, and reducing the risk of predation. Social, genetic, and ecological factors influence association patterns during sleeping. We explored the effects of sex, age class, association during diurnal activities (feeding, moving, resting, and social interactions including play, grooming and howling), and kinship on sleeping cluster associations in a wild population of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). We collected behavioral data (mean = 471 ± SD 34 observation hours/study group) and 29 fecal samples for genetic analysis from four groups inhabiting San Cayetano (27°30′S–58°41′W), Corrientes, Argentina, for 1 yr (June 2012–May 2013). Our results showed that black-and-gold howlers preferred to sleep in clusters, and that the composition of these clusters was affected by age class, diurnal social interactions, and kinship. The probability of sleeping in clusters decreased with increasing age of the individual. Association during daytime activities (feeding, moving, and resting) was a significant predictor of nocturnal grouping. Dyads composed of mother–offspring, siblings, and individuals that were not closely related to one another showed a high frequency of association for nocturnal sleep. Father–offspring dyads did not show statistically significant values of nocturnal associations. This study highlights the social function of sleeping in clusters and suggests that primates develop a set of strategies that favor social affiliative relationships between individuals in a nocturnal context.

The ability to help and care for others fosters social cohesiveness and is vital to the physical and emotional well-being of social species, including humans1–3. Affiliative social touch, such as allogrooming (grooming behaviour directed towards another individual), is a major type of prosocial behaviour that provides comfort to others1–6. Affiliative touch serves to establish and strengthen social bonds between animals and can help to console distressed conspecifics. However, the neural circuits that promote prosocial affiliative touch have remained unclear. Here we show that mice exhibit affiliative allogrooming behaviour towards distressed partners, providing a consoling effect. The increase in allogrooming occurs in response to different types of stressors and can be elicited by olfactory cues from distressed individuals. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging, we find that neural activity in the medial amygdala (MeA) responds differentially to naive and distressed conspecifics and encodes allogrooming behaviour. Through intersectional functional manipulations, we establish a direct causal role of the MeA in controlling affiliative allogrooming and identify a select, tachykinin-expressing subpopulation of MeA GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid-expressing) neurons that promote this behaviour through their projections to the medial preoptic area. Together, our study demonstrates that mice display prosocial comforting behaviour and reveals a neural circuit mechanism that underlies the encoding and control of affiliative touch during prosocial interactions. Neurons in the medial amygdala regulate prosocial comforting behaviour towards distressed social partners in mice.

Social connectedness is vital for developing group cohesion and strengthening belongingness. However, with the accelerating pace of modern life, people have fewer opportunities to participate in group-building activities. Furthermore, owing to the teleworking and quarantine requirements necessitated by the Covid-19 pandemic, the social connectedness of group members may become weak. To address this issue, in this study, we used an android robot to conduct daily conversations, and as an intermediary to increase intra-group connectedness. Specifically, we constructed an android robot system for collecting and sharing recent member-related experiences. The system has a chatbot function based on BERT and a memory function with a neural-network-based dialog action analysis model. We conducted a 3-day human-robot conversation experiment to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results of a questionnaire-based evaluation and empirical analysis demonstrate that the proposed system can increase the familiarity and closeness of group members. This suggests that the proposed method is useful for enhancing social connectedness. Moreover, it can improve the closeness of the user-robot relation, as well as the performance of robots in conducting conversations with people.