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In this paper, floating memcapacitor and meminductor emulators have been proposed using voltage differencing current conveyors, memristor and grounded capacitor. Meminductor emulator has been easily obtained from memcapacitor emulator and vice versa by interchanging the positions of memristor and capacitor. The proposed designs of memcapacitor and meminductor emulators are very simple as compared to most of the designs available in the literature. Proposed emulators perform satisfactorily for a wide range of frequency and also satisfy the non-volatility test. The performance of proposed memcapacitor and meminductor emulators has been verified by embedding the memristor emulator circuit and the SPICE model of memristor. The performance of proposed emulators is found to be satisfactory in both the cases. The proposed designs have been simulated by LTspice tool using 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameters. Adaptive learning circuits have also been designed using proposed memcapacitor and meminductor emulators that fully verify the workability of the design.

In this study, a new grounded capacitance multiplier (GCM) circuit is proposed. The proposed GCM contains a canonical number of components, a single inverting CFOA (ICFOA), a grounded capacitor and two resistors. It has low THD and power consumption. Moreover, its operating frequency range is from about 1 Hz to 30 kHz. A second-order active filter circuit including two ICFOAs and two grounded capacitors is given as an application example. Some simulations via the SPICE program are performed. Experimental verification is also achieved by using the AD844s.

In this paper, two new first-order voltage-mode all-pass filters (APFs) are proposed. Each of the proposed APFs comprises a single modified DDCC-, and has high input impedance. The first and second APFs can provide first-order noninverting and inverting APF responses, respectively. As passive elements, the first APF comprises two grounded capacitors, and a floating resistor while the second one uses a grounded resistor, a floating resistor and a grounded capacitor. However, both of the APFs suffer from a matching problem. Two quadrature oscillators (QOs) obtained from the APFs are presented. Simulations of the APF and QO circuits are fulfilled via the SPICE program. Besides, diverse experiments for the APFs are made to verify the performances.

In this paper, a fully-integrated tunable grounded memristor emulator circuit based on voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) has been proposed. The proposed memristor emulator circuit utilizes two VDTA active building blocks, two grounded resistors, a grounded capacitor and a four-quadrant analog multiplier. The working concept along with the detailed derivation of the mathematical model of the circuit has been discussed numerically and analytically to validate the operation of the proposed emulator. The operations of the proposed emulator circuit, as governed by the established model, have been verified by performing simulations in Cadence Virtuoso at 45 nm technology node. Robustness analyses performed, reveal significant process-variation tolerance at deep sub-micron technology node.

This paper presents a current-mode multiphase triangular wave generator using a commercially available IC. The proposed circuit is designed by LT1228, AD844, and grounded capacitor. Four triangular wave outputs are generated with 90-degree phase differences between each other. The output frequency and amplitude can be electronically controlled. The experimental results are confirmed the theoretical. Furthermore, the maximum error output of frequency and amplitude are less than 4% and 6.78%, respectively.

In this paper, a new inverting second-generation current conveyor-based first-order current-mode universal filter is proposed. The main features of the proposed filter are described as follows: the use of a grounded capacitor that is attractive for integration, electronically tunable, no passive element matching condition, resistor-less, having the feature of both low input and high output impedances as well as providing all the first-order universal filter responses such as low-pass, high-pass and all-pass ones. As application examples, a sinusoidal oscillator and a four-phase oscillator are given. Many simulations through SPICE program and some experiments are achieved in order to exhibit the performance of the proposed filter. © 2021 Elsevier GmbH

This paper proposes a DC current injection method for detecting ground insulation faults. When the ratio of the voltage of the positive bus to that of the negative bus is lower than a threshold value, the DC current is injected into the ungrounded DC power supply systems. DC power supply systems have essentially some grounded stray and external capacitors, so some of the injected DC current will flow into the grounded capacitor, increasing the voltage of the fault bus and the leakage current. The proposed method increases the leakage current by the injection of DC current, so the current sensor can detect the leakage current from which the insulation resistance can be calculated. Experimental results demonstrate that the DC current injection method can significantly improve the detection of ground insulation faults in ungrounded DC power supply systems.

In this paper, a new design has been proposed for the realization of grounded and floating memristor emulators built with two OTAs and one grounded capacitor. The proposed emulators can be configured in both incremental and decremental topology. This paper also proposes the application of memristor as Amplitude Modulator (AM). The proposed circuit and its application claim that the circuit is much simpler in design and can be utilized in both topologies. The performance of all the proposed circuits has been verified with Cadence Virtuoso Spectre. Furthermore, post-layout simulations and its comparison have been carried out. Moreover, experimentation of the circuits has also been performed and found satisfactory results.

This paper reports a tunable sinusoidal oscillator using current-controlled differential difference current conveyor (CCDDCC) with grounded capacitor and resistor. The proposed oscillator circuit has the following advantages, viz. minimum number of active components, suitable for high-frequency operation and electronically tunable frequency of oscillation (FO) and condition of oscillation (CO) using bias current of CCDDCC. The workability test has been examined using PSpice with 0.18 μm CMOS technology.

A new plus-type second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII+) based first-order mixed-mode (MM) all-pass (AP) filter is proposed in this study. The proposed MM AP filter employs two VCII+s, three resistors and one grounded capacitor. It has low input and high output impedances for the current-mode selection while it has low input and low output impedances for the transimpedance-mode selection. The AP filter gain is unity for the current output while it is adjustable for the voltage output via a grounded resistor. However, a single passive component matching condition is needed for the proposed MM AP filter. Complete non-ideal analysis by taking into account all the parasitic resistors and non-ideal gains of the VCII+ is performed. The presented theory is verified through SPICE simulations by using supply voltage of +/- 0.9 V and 0.18 mu m Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology parameters. C1 [Yuce, Erkan] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-20160 Kinikli Denizli, Turkey. [Safari, Leila; Ferri, Giuseppe; Stornelli, Vincenzo] Univ Aquila, Dept Ind & Informat Engn & Econ, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Minaei, Shahram] Dogus Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, TR-34775 Istanbul, Turkey.

A new plus-type second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII+) based first-order mixed-mode (MM) all-pass (AP) filter is proposed in this study. The proposed MM AP filter employs two VCII+s, three resistors and one grounded capacitor. It has low input and high output impedances for the current-mode selection while it has low input and low output impedances for the transimpedance-mode selection. The AP filter gain is unity for the current output while it is adjustable for the voltage output via a grounded resistor. However, a single passive component matching condition is needed for the proposed MM AP filter. Complete non-ideal analysis by taking into account all the parasitic resistors and non-ideal gains of the VCII+ is performed. The presented theory is verified through SPICE simulations by using supply voltage of ± 0.9 V and 0.18 µm Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology parameters. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2020

Recently, Yuce, Verma, Pandey and Minaei presented two interesting current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA)-based first-order all pass filter (APF) configurations employing a single grounded capacitor (GC). Their first circuit employs only two CFOAs (along with five resistors) but does not have ideally infinite input impedance; the second circuit although does possess ideally infinite input impedance but requires three CFOAs (along with five resistors). In this paper, we present six new GC-APFs which employ only two CFOAs and yet provide infinite input impedance with a reduced number of only three/four resistors than the quoted earlier circuits. A non-ideal analysis of all the proposed circuits has been carried out and the workability and utility of the proposed circuits has been corroborated by the SPICE simulation and hardware implementation results using AD844-type IC CFOAs. This paper, thus, adds a number of interesting alternatives to the CFOA-based first-order APFs presented in the mentioned earlier work.

In this paper, a systematic approach for implementing operational simulation of LC ladder filter using voltage differencing transconductance amplifier is presented. The proposed filter structure uses only grounded capacitor and possesses electronic tunability. PSPICE simulation using 180 nm CMOS technology parameter is carried out to verify the functionality of the presented approach. Experimental verification is also performed through commercially available IC LM13700/NS. Simulations and experimental results are found to be in close agreement with theoretical predictions.

In this paper, new two first-order all-pass filters (APFs) employing current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) are proposed. The first proposed APF uses two CFOAs while the second one contains three CFOAs. The main features of the both of the proposed APFs are the use of a grounded capacitor, having adjustable gain and possessing low output impedance. Also, the second-proposed APF derived from the first one has high input impedance, and can simultaneously provide both inverting and non inverting APF responses; nonetheless, both of the proposed APFs need a single passive element matching condition for proper operation. Single phase and multiphase oscillators are included to illustrate applications of the proposed APFs. Several simulations and experiments based on commercially active devices such as AD844s are carried out to verify the theory. (C) 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Yuce, Erkan] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-20160 Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey. [Verma, Rakesh; Pandey, Neeta] Delhi Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, New Delhi, India. [Minaei, Shahram] Dogus Univ, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Acibadem, TR-34722 Istanbul, Turkey.

In this article, a new tunable Gm-C floating capacitance multiplier is presented. It employs four simple transconductors and a grounded capacitor. The proposed capacitance multiplier offers the attractive features: simple configuration, electronically tunable capacitance multiplication factor, low sensitivities to variation of circuit elements and simple implementation of integrated circuit. The proposed floating capacitance multiplier using the transconductors with parasitic effects are examined. The performances of the proposed circuit and its application on band-pass filter are confirmed by using PSPICE simulation with $0.18 \mu m$ CMOS process parameter.

This work presents an electronically tunable series RC impedance simulator circuit by means of the recently introduced active element, called voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA). The proposed circuit employs only two VDBAs and one grounded capacitor, which is canonic in the number of components. The simulated equivalent element values can be tuned electronically through the VDBA transconductance gain. The circuit also does not require any component-matching conditions. The non-ideal gain effects of the VDBA on the simulated capacitance value are also evaluated and discussed. PSPICE simulations, which are in a close agreement with the analytical calculations, are included.

In this paper, a new realization of a current-mode first-order all-pass filter (APF) using a single active building block (ABB) and one grounded capacitor is presented. As the ABB, the current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) is used, which is one of the most recently reported active elements in the literature. The theoretical results are in detail verified by numerous SPICE simulations using a new low-voltage implementation of CBTA. In the design, the PTM 90 nm level-7 CMOS process BSIM3v3 parameters with ±0.45 V supply voltages were used. The proposed resistorless CBTA-C APF provides easy electronic tuning of the pole frequency in frequency range from 763 kHz to 17.6 MHz, which is more than one decade. Maximum power dissipation of the circuit is 828 W at bias current 233 A. Non-ideal, parasitic effects, sensitivity analyses, temperature and noise variation, current swing capability, and Monte Carlo analysis results are also provided. Compared to prior state-of-the-art works, the proposed CBTA-C APF has achieved the highest Figure of Merit value, which proves its superior performance. In this paper, a new realization of a current-mode first-order all-pass filter (APF) using a single active building block (ABB) and one grounded capacitor is presented. As the ABB, the current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) is used, which is one of the most recently reported active elements in the literature. The theoretical results are in detail verified by numerous SPICE simulations using a new low-voltage implementation of CBTA. In the design, the PTM 90 nm level-7 CMOS process BSIM3v3 parameters with ±0.45 V supply voltages were used. The proposed resistorless CBTA-C APF provides easy electronic tuning of the pole frequency in frequency range from 763 kHz to 17.6 MHz, which is more than one decade. Maximum power dissipation of the circuit is 828 W at bias current 233 A. Non-ideal, parasitic effects, sensitivity analyses, temperature and noise variation, current swing capability, and Monte Carlo analysis results are also provided. Compared to prior state-of-the-art works, the proposed CBTA-C APF has achieved the highest Figure of Merit value, which proves its superior performance.

New DO-OTA based grounded capacitor multiplier circuit is proposed. The proposed capacitance multiplier is a current-mode circuit, where in DO-OTA based current copier circuit is used to sense the input current and scale it by a factor k such that a scaled version of input current flows through the grounded capacitor (Ic = Iin/k). The capacitor multiplier circuit is verified using TINA SPICE simulator.

Simulation of inductors has been a very popular area of analog circuit research and the alternative choice for realizing inductor-based circuits in integrated circuits. In this paper, lossless, grounded and floating inductor topologies using current-controlled-current-feedback amplifier (CC-CFA) with single grounded capacitor are presented. The proposed topologies can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing current of the CC-CFA. Two topologies for grounded inductor simulator employ two CC-CFA and one grounded capacitor. One topology for floating inductor simulator employs three CC-CFA and one grounded capacitor. The performance of the grounded and floating inductor simulators are demonstrated on resonant circuits. The theoretical analysis is verified by PSPICE simulation results.

This paper presents a new electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with four-input one-output employing six simple operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), two grounded capacitors and two MOS resistors. The use of grounded passive components is beneficial for integrated circuit implementation. The proposed filter can realize low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass filtering functions without active and passive component-matching conditions and inverting-type input signals requirements. The natural frequency and quality factor can be tuned independently and electronically by adjusting the bias currents. The voltage-mode filter offers the features of high-input impedance and low active and passive sensitivities. The characteristics of the proposed universal filter are verified using PSPICE simulators through 0.35[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process. Experimental results are used to confirm the workability of proposed circuit through LM13600 commercially available OTAs. Also a digitally programmable filter is shown to confirm the advantage of multiple-input universal filter.

This paper introduces a new resistorless mixed-mode proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. It employs six simple transconductors and only two grounded capacitors. The proposed PID controller offers several advantageous features of resistorless configuration, use of grounded capacitors, independent electronic-tuning characteristic of its parameters, and mixed-mode operation such as current, transimpedance, transadmittance, and voltage modes. The parasitic element effects of the transconductors on the proposed controller are investigated and the improved low-frequency performance of the proposed controller is then discussed. As applications, the proposed controller is demonstrated on two closed-loop systems. The PSPICE simulations with TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process and ±0.9V supply voltage verify the theoretical analysis.