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1. Design of The Kinetic Inductance Detector Based Focal Plane Assembly for The Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L. -J., Janssen, R. M. J., Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Fu, J., Filippini, J. P., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Groppi, C., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P., Nie, R., Redford, J., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the kinetic inductance detector (KID) array focal plane assembly design for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM). Each of the 2 arrays consists of 4 wafer-sized dies (quadrants), and the overall assembly must satisfy thermal and mechanical requirements, while maintaining high optical efficiency and a suitable electromagnetic environment for the KIDs. In particular, our design manages to strictly maintain a 50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ air gap between the array and the horn block. We have prototyped and are now testing a sub-scale assembly which houses a single quadrant for characterization before integration into the full array. The initial test result shows a $>$95% yield, indicating a good performance of our TIM detector packaging design., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (2022)

Published
2022
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2. Design and testing of Kinetic Inductance Detector package for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L. -J., Janssen, R. M. J, Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Filippini, J. P., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Fu, J., Groppi, C., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P., Nie, R., Redford, J., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is designed to probe the star formation history in dust-obscured star-forming galaxies around the peak of cosmic star formation. This will be done via measurements of the redshifted 157.7 um line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]). TIM employs two R $\sim 250$ long-slit grating spectrometers covering 240-420 um. Each is equipped with a focal plane unit containing 4 wafer-sized subarrays of horn-coupled aluminum kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). We present the design and performance of a prototype focal plane assembly for one of TIM's KID-based subarrays. Our design strictly maintain high optical efficiency and a suitable electromagnetic environment for the KIDs. The prototype detector housing in combination with the first flight-like quadrant are tested at 250 mK. Initial frequency scan shows that many resonances are affected by collisions and/or very shallow transmission dips as a result of a degraded internal quality factor (Q factor). This is attributed to the presence of an external magnetic field during cooldown. We report on a study of magnetic field dependence of the Q factor of our quadrant array. We implement a Helmholtz coil to vary the magnetic field at the detectors by (partially) nulling earth's. Our investigation shows that the earth magnetic field can significantly affect our KIDs' performance by degrading the Q factor by a factor of 2-5, well below those expected from the operational temperature or optical loading. We find that we can sufficiently recover our detectors' quality factor by tuning the current in the coils to generate a field that matches earth's magnetic field in magnitude to within a few uT. Therefore, it is necessary to employ a properly designed magnetic shield enclosing the TIM focal plane unit. Based on the results presented in this paper, we set a shielding requirement of |B| < 3 uT., Comment: This conference proceeding reports on a study of magnetic field dependence of the quality factor of Terahertz Intensity Mapper's 864-pixel Kinetic Inductance Detector array and an effort on carrying out the magnetic shielding requirement for TIM's balloon flight and science operation. 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in conference proceedings of SPIE

Published
2022
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3. CONCERTO at APEX: Installation and first phase of on-sky commissioning

Author

Catalano, A., Ade, P., Aravena, M., Barria, E., Beelen, A., Benoit, A., Béthermin, M., Bounmy, J., Bourrion, O., Bres, G., De Breuck, C., Calvo, M., Désert, F. -X., Duràn, C. A, Duvauchelle, G., Eraud, L., Fasano, A., Fenouillet, T., Garcia, J., Garde, G., Goupy, J., Groppi, C., Hoarau, C., Hu, W., Lagache, G., Lambert, J. -C., Leggeri, J. -P., Levy-Bertrand, F., Macìas-Pérez, J., Mani, H., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Mauskopf, P., Monfardini, A., Pisano, G., Ponthieu, N., Prieur, L., Raffin, G., Roni, S., Roudier, S., Tourres, D., Tucker, C., and Vivargent, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

CONCERTO (CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn) is a large field-of-view (FoV) spectro-imager that has been installed on the Cassegrain Cabin of Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in April 2021. CONCERTO hosts 2 focal planes and a total number of 4000 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), with an instantaneous FoV of 18.6 arcminutes in the range of 130-310 GHz. The spectral resolution can be easily tuned down to 1 GHz depending on the scientific target. The scientific program of CONCERTO has many objectives, with two main programs focused on mapping the fluctuations of the [CII] line intensity in the reionisation and post-reionisation epoch (4.5

Published
2021
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4. CCAT-prime Collaboration: Science Goals and Forecasts with Prime-Cam on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope

Author

collaboration, CCAT-Prime, Aravena, M., Austermann, J. E., Basu, K., Battaglia, N., Beringue, B., Bertoldi, F., Bigiel, F., Bond, J. R., Breysse, P. C., Broughton, C., Bustos, R., Chapman, S. C., Charmetant, M., Choi, S. K., Chung, D. T., Clark, S. E., Cothard, N. F., Crites, A. T., Dev, A., Douglas, K., Duell, C. J., Dunner, R., Ebina, H., Erler, J., Fich, M., Fissel, L. M., Foreman, S., Gallardo, P. A., Gao, J., García, Pablo, Giovanelli, R., Golec, J. E., Groppi, C. E., Haynes, M. P., Henke, D., Hensley, B., Herter, T., Higgins, R., Hlozek, R., Huber, A., Huber, Z., Hubmayr, J., Jackson, R., Johnstone, D., Karoumpis, C., Keating, L. C., Komatsu, E., Li, Y., Magnelli, B., Matthews, B. C., Mauskopf, P., McMahon, J. J., Meerburg, P. D., Meyers, J., Muralidhara, V., Murray, N. W., Niemack, M. D., Nikola, T., Okada, Y., Puddu, R., Riechers, D. A., Rosolowsky, E., Rossi, K., Rotermund, K., Roy, A., Sadavoy, S. I., Schaaf, R., Schilke, P., Scott, D., Simon, R., Sinclair, Adrian K., Sivakoff, G. R., Stacey, G. J., Stutz, Amelia M., Stutzki, J., Tahani, M., Thanjavur, K., Timmermann, R. A., Ullom, J. N., van Engelen, A., Vavagiakis, E. M., Vissers, M. R., Wheeler, J. D., White, S. D. M., Zhu, Y., and Zou, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a detailed overview of the science goals and predictions for the Prime-Cam direct detection camera/spectrometer being constructed by the CCAT-prime collaboration for dedicated use on the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope (FYST). The FYST is a wide-field, 6-m aperture submillimeter telescope being built (first light in mid-2024) by an international consortium of institutions led by Cornell University and sited at more than 5600 meters on Cerro Chajnantor in northern Chile. Prime-Cam is one of two instruments planned for FYST and will provide unprecedented spectroscopic and broadband measurement capabilities to address important astrophysical questions ranging from Big Bang cosmology through reionization and the formation of the first galaxies to star formation within our own Milky Way galaxy. Prime-Cam on the FYST will have a mapping speed that is over ten times greater than existing and near-term facilities for high-redshift science and broadband polarimetric imaging at frequencies above 300 GHz. We describe details of the science program enabled by this system and our preliminary survey strategies., Comment: 61 pages, 16 figures. Resubmitted to ApJSS July 11, 2022

Published
2021
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5. A wide field-of-view low-resolution spectrometer at APEX: instrument design and science forecast

Author

The CONCERTO collaboration, Ade, P., Aravena, M., Barria, E., Beelen, A., Benoit, A., Béthermin, M., Bounmy, J., Bourrion, O., Bres, G., De Breuck, C., Calvo, M., Cao, Y., Catalano, A., Désert, F. -X., Durán, C. A, Fasano, A., Fenouillet, T., Garcia, J., Garde, G., Goupy, J., Groppi, C., Hoarau, C., Lagache, G., Lambert, J. -C., Leggeri, J. -P., Levy-Bertrand, F., Macias-Perez, J., Mani, H., Marpaud, J., Mauskopf, P., Monfardini, A., Pisano, G., Ponthieu, N., Prieur, L., Roni, S., Roudier, S., Tourres, D., and Tucker, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Characterise the large-scale structure in the Universe from present times to the high redshift epoch of reionisation is essential to constraining the cosmology, the history of star formation and reionisation, measuring the gas content of the Universe and obtaining a better understanding of the physical process that drive galaxy formation and evolution. Using the integrated emission from unresolved galaxies or gas clouds, line intensity mapping (LIM) provides a new observational window to measure the larger properties of structure. This very promising technique motivates the community to plan for LIM experiments. We describe the development of a large field-of-view instrument, named CONCERTO, operating in the range 130-310 GHz from the APEX 12-meters telescope. CONCERTO is a low-resolution spectrometer based on the Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors technology. Spectra are obtained using a fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), coupled to a dilution cryostat with base temperature of 0.1K. Two 2 kilo-pixels arrays of LEKID are mounted inside the cryostat that also contains the cold optics and the front-end electronics. We present in detail the technological choices leading to the instrumental concept, together with the design and fabrication of the instrument and preliminary laboratory tests on the detectors. We also give our best estimates of CONCERTO sensitivity and give predictions for two of the main scientific goals of CONCERTO, i.e. a [CII]-intensity mapping survey and observations of galaxy clusters. We provide a detail description of the instrument design. Based on realistic comparisons with existing instruments developed by our group (NIKA, NIKA2, and KISS), and on laboratory detectors characterisation, we provide an estimate of CONCERTO sensitivity on sky. Finally, we describe in detail two out of the main science goals offered by CONCERTO at APEX., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2020
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10. Spontaneous pattern of orthogonal ferroelectric domains in epitaxial KNN films.

Author

Groppi, C., Maspero, F., Asa, M., Pavese, G., Rinaldi, C., Albisetti, E., Badillo-Avila, M., and Bertacco, R.

Subjects
*ATOMIC force microscopy, *STRONTIUM titanate, *THIN films, *EPITAXY, *STRAY currents, *ELECTRON microscopy
Abstract

Lead-free piezoelectric (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) is considered one of the promising candidates for the replacement of Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3. Several studies underlined the issue of K and Na volatility with increasing deposition temperatures, leading to high leakage currents in thin films, which still represents a major drawback for applications. This paper shows how epitaxial growth with concomitant preferred orientation of KNN films on niobium-doped strontium titanate (Nb:STO) depends on growth temperature and substrate strain. A preferred out-of-plane polar (001) orientation of KNN is obtained at high temperatures (>600 °C), while (100) orientation is dominant for lower ones. The (001) orientation is forced out-of-plane due to the sizeable in-plane stress derived from a negative lattice mismatch of pseudo-cubic KNN with respect to the underlying cubic (001) Nb:STO substrate. Moreover, we show that K-Na deficiency and high leakage of epitaxial KNN films deposited at high temperatures are accompanied by the appearance of a pattern of orthogonal spontaneous ferroelectric domains aligned to the [100] and [010] directions of Nb:STO. This pattern, visible in secondary electron microscopy, piezoforce response microscopy, and conductive atomic force microscopy images, is uncorrelated to the surface morphology. Supported by reciprocal space mapping by x-ray diffraction, this phenomenon is interpreted as the result of strain relaxation via ferroelectric domain formation related to K-Na deficient films displaying a sizable and increasing compressive strain when grown on Nb:SrTiO3. Our findings suggest that strain engineering strategies in thin films could be used to stabilize specific configurations of piezo- and ferroelectric domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts

Author

Ade, P, Aguirre, J, Ahmed, Z, Aiola, S, Ali, A, Alonso, D, Alvarez, MA, Arnold, K, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Awan, H, Baccigalupi, C, Baildon, T, Barron, D, Battaglia, N, Battye, R, Baxter, E, Bazarko, A, Beall, JA, Bean, R, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Beringue, B, Bianchini, F, Boada, S, Boettger, D, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Brown, ML, Bruno, SM, Bryan, S, Calabrese, E, Calafut, V, Calisse, P, Carron, J, Challinor, A, Chesmore, G, Chinone, Y, Chluba, J, Cho, HMS, Choi, S, Coppi, G, Cothard, NF, Coughlin, K, Crichton, D, Crowley, KD, Crowley, KT, Cukierman, A, D'Ewart, JM, Dünner, R, De Haan, T, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Didier, J, Dobbs, M, Dober, B, Duell, CJ, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dusatko, J, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Ferraro, S, Fluxà, P, Freese, K, Frisch, JC, Frolov, A, Fuller, G, Fuzia, B, Galitzki, N, Gallardo, PA, Ghersi, JTG, Gao, J, Gawiser, E, Gerbino, M, Gluscevic, V, Goeckner-Wald, N, Golec, J, Gordon, S, Gralla, M, Green, D, Grigorian, A, Groh, J, Groppi, C, Guan, Y, Gudmundsson, JE, Han, D, Hargrave, P, Hasegawa, M, Hasselfield, M, Hattori, M, Haynes, V, Hazumi, M, He, Y, Healy, E, Henderson, SW, Hervias-Caimapo, C, and Hill, CA

Subjects
CMBR experiments, CMBR polarisation, cosmological parameters from CMBR, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial configuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of σ(r)=0.003. The large aperture telescope will map 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 μK-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.

Published
2019

13. Optical Demonstration of THz, Dual-Polarization Sensitive Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Author

Dober, B., Austermann, J. A., Beall, J. A., Becker, D., Che, G., Cho, H. M., Devlin, M., Duff, S. M., Galitzki, N., Gao, J., Groppi, C., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., McKenney, C. M., Li, D., Lourie, N., Mauskopf, P., Vissers, M. R., and Wang, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The next generation BLAST experiment (BLAST-TNG) is a suborbital balloon payload that seeks to map polarized dust emission in the 250 $\mu$m, 350 $\mu$m and 500 $\mu$m wavebands. The instrument utilizes a stepped half-wave plate to reduce systematics. The general requirement of the detectors is that they are photon-noise-limited and dual-polarization sensitive. To achieve this goal, we are developing three monolithic arrays of cryogenic sensors, one for each waveband. Each array is feedhorn-coupled and each spatial pixel consists of two orthogonally spaced polarization-sensitive microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) fabricated from a Ti/TiN multilayer film. In previous work, we demonstrated photon-noise-limited sensitivity in 250 $\mu$m waveband single polarization devices. In this work, we present the first results of dual-polarization sensitive MKIDs at 250 $\mu$m., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, published by JLTP

Published
2016
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14. A LEKID-based CMB instrument design for large-scale observations in Greenland

Author

Araujo, D. C., Ade, P. A. R., Bond, J. R., Bradford, K. J., Chapman, D., Che, G., Day, P. K., Didier, J., Doyle, S., Eriksen, H. K., Flanigan, D., Groppi, C. E., Hillbrand, S. N., Johnson, B. R., Jones, G., Limon, M., Miller, A. D., Mauskopf, P., McCarrick, H., Mroczkowski, T., Reichborn-Kjennerud, B., Smiley, B., Sobrin, J., Wehus, I. K., and Zmuidzinas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a feasibility study, which examined deployment of a ground-based millimeter-wave polarimeter, tailored for observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB), to Isi Station in Greenland. The instrument for this study is based on lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) and an F/2.4 catoptric, crossed-Dragone telescope with a 500 mm aperture. The telescope is mounted inside the receiver and cooled to $<\,4$ K by a closed-cycle $^4$He refrigerator to reduce background loading on the detectors. Linearly polarized signals from the sky are modulated with a metal-mesh half-wave plate that is rotated at the aperture stop of the telescope with a hollow-shaft motor based on a superconducting magnetic bearing. The modular detector array design includes at least 2300 LEKIDs, and it can be configured for spectral bands centered on 150~GHz or greater. Our study considered configurations for observing in spectral bands centered on 150, 210 and 267~GHz. The entire polarimeter is mounted on a commercial precision rotary air bearing, which allows fast azimuth scan speeds with negligible vibration and mechanical wear over time. A slip ring provides power to the instrument, enabling circular scans (360 degrees of continuous rotation). This mount, when combined with sky rotation and the latitude of the observation site, produces a hypotrochoid scan pattern, which yields excellent cross-linking and enables 34\% of the sky to be observed using a range of constant elevation scans. This scan pattern and sky coverage combined with the beam size (15~arcmin at 150~GHz) makes the instrument sensitive to $5 < \ell < 1000$ in the angular power spectra.

Published
2014
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15. The Detector System for the Stratospheric Kinetic Inductance Polarimeter (SKIP)

Author

Johnson, B. R., Ade, P. A. R., Araujo, D., Bradford, K. J., Chapman, D., Day, P. K., Didier, J., Doyle, S., Eriksen, H. K., Flanigan, D., Groppi, C., Hillbrand, S., Jones, G., Limon, M., Mauskopf, P., McCarrick, H., Miller, A., Mroczkowski, T., Reichborn-Kjennerud, B., Smiley, B., Sobrin, J., Wehus, I. K., and Zmuidzinas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Stratospheric Kinetic Inductance Polarimeter (SKIP) is a proposed balloon-borne experiment designed to study the cosmic microwave background, the cosmic infrared background and Galactic dust emission by observing 1133 square degrees of sky in the Northern Hemisphere with launches from Kiruna, Sweden. The instrument contains 2317 single-polarization, horn-coupled, aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID). The LEKIDs will be maintained at 100 mK with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. The polarimeter operates in two configurations, one sensitive to a spectral band centered on 150 GHz and the other sensitive to 260 and 350 GHz bands. The detector readout system is based on the ROACH-1 board, and the detectors will be biased below 300 MHz. The detector array is fed by an F/2.4 crossed-Dragone telescope with a 500 mm aperture yielding a 15 arcmin FWHM beam at 150 GHz. To minimize detector loading and maximize sensitivity, the entire optical system will be cooled to 1 K. Linearly polarized sky signals will be modulated with a metal-mesh half-wave plate that is mounted at the telescope aperture and rotated by a superconducting magnetic bearing. The observation program consists of at least two, five-day flights beginning with the 150 GHz observations., Comment: J Low Temp Phys DOI 10.1007/s10909-013-1014-3 The final publication is available at link.springer.com

Published
2013
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16. CONCERTO at APEX: Installation and first phase of on-sky commissioning

Author

Catalano A., Ade P., Aravena M., Barria E., Beelen A., Benoit A., Béthermin M., Bounmy J., Bourrion O., Bres G., De Breuck C., Calvo M., Désert F.-X., Durán C.A, Duvauchelle G., Eraud L., Fasano A., Fenouillet T., Garcia J., Garde G., Goupy J., Groppi C., Hoarau C., Hu W., Lagache G., Lambert J.-C., Leggeri J.-P., Levy-Bertrand F., Macías-Pérez J., Mani H., Marpaud J., Marton M., Mauskopf P., Monfardini A., Pisano G., Ponthieu N., Prieur L., Raffin G., Roni S., Roudier S., Tourres D., Tucker C., and Vivargent L.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

CONCERTO (CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn) is a large field-of-view (FoV) spectro-imager that has been installed on the Cassegrain Cabin of Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in April 2021. CONCERTO hosts 2 focal planes and a total number of 4000 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), with an instantaneous FoV of 18.6 arcminutes in the range of 130-310 GHz. The spectral resolution can be easily tuned down to 1 GHz depending on the scientific target. The scientific program of CONCERTO has many objectives, with two main programs focused on mapping the fluctuations of the [CII] line intensity in the reionisation and postreionisation epoch (4.5

Published
2022
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17. Effect of substrate preparation on the growth of lead-free piezoelectric (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 on Pt(111).

Author

Groppi, C., Mondonico, L., Maspero, F., Rinaldi, C., Asa, M., and Bertacco, R.

Subjects
*PULSED laser deposition, *PIEZOELECTRIC thin films, *LEAD oxides, *THIN films, *CRITICAL temperature, *PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics, *SCIENTIFIC community, *HIGH temperatures
Abstract

Lead-free piezoceramics aiming at replacing the market-dominant Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 have been extensively researched for more than a decade worldwide due to the toxicity of lead. In this context, (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN) triggered the attention of the scientific community thanks to its bulk record piezoelectric coefficient combined with high critical temperature, which make it a good candidate for applications. In this paper, (001)-oriented KNN thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on Pt(111)/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates are investigated. We highlight the relevance of the template substrate in determining the structure of the film. Developing a suitable treatment for the Pt substrate is of great importance to film morphologic and topographic quality and to electric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. From local characterization of piezoelectric properties, we find a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of about 80 pm/V, comparable to the highest values reported for state-of-the-art undoped KNN thin films. Finally, electrical characterization of fabricated micro-capacitors allows the investigation of dielectric performance and shows remanent ferroelectric polarization over microscopic areas, thus paving the way to the integration of these KNN films in microfabricated actuator devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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18. Design of the Kinetic Inductance Detector Based Focal Plane Assembly for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper

Author

Liu, L.-J., primary, Janssen, R. M. J., additional, Bradford, C. M., additional, Hailey-Dunsheath, S., additional, Fu, J., additional, Filippini, J. P., additional, Aguirre, J. E., additional, Bracks, J. S., additional, Corso, A. J., additional, Groppi, C., additional, Hoh, J., additional, Keenan, R. P., additional, Lowe, I. N., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, Mauskopf, P., additional, Nie, R., additional, Redford, J., additional, Trumper, I., additional, and Vieira, J. D., additional

Published
2022
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20. Single Pixel Performance of the Kinetic Inductance Detectors for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper.

Author

Janssen, R. M. J., Nie, R., Bumble, B., Liu, L.-J., Redford, J., Filippini, J. P., Bradford, C. M., Hailey-Dunsheath, S., Aguirre, J. E., Bracks, J. S., Corso, A. J., Fu, J., Groppi, C. E., Hoh, J., Keenan, R. P., Lowe, I. N., Marrone, D. P., Mauskopf, P. D., Trumper, I., and Vieira, J. D.

Subjects
ELECTRIC inductance, DETECTORS, PHOTON detectors, WHITE noise, STAR formation, PHOTON counting, SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices
Abstract

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is a NASA far-infrared balloon mission designed to perform [CII] intensity mapping of the peak of cosmic star formation. To achieve this goal, TIM will fly two grating spectrometers that together cover the 240–420 μ m wavelength range at a spectral resolution, R ∼ 250 . Each spectrometer will require a large format ( ∼ 3600 detectors) array of dual-polarization sensitive detectors, which are photon noise limited at the 100 fW of loading expected during operation. We present the design of a fully-aluminum low-volume lumped-element kinetic inductance detector that incorporates a novel "chain-link" absorber design. Operating at 215 mK, we demonstrate this detector achieves a photon noise limited performance at 100 fW of optical loading with a white noise spectrum down to 1 Hz. Based upon noise measurements of a dark detector, which shows a quasi-particle lifetime of 300 μ s , these KIDs are expected to achieve a detector-limited noise equivalent power of ∼ 1.3 × 10 - 18 W / Hz . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. In-flight performance of the BLAST-TNG Kinetic Inductance Detector arrays and Readout Electronics

Author

Sinclair, A, Gordon, S, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Cho, H, Coppi, G, Corso, A, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Dober, B, Fissel, L, Galitzky, N, Gao, J, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, K, Klein, J, Li, D, Lourie, N, Lowe, I, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pascale, E, Pisano, G, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Underhil, M, Vissers, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Sinclair A., Gordon S. B., Ade P., Ashton P., Cho H. -M., Coppi G., Corso A., Devlin M., Dicker S., Dober B., Fissel L., Galitzky N., Gao J., Groppi C., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Irwin K., Klein J., Li D., Lourie N., Lowe I., Mani H., Mauskopf P. D., McKenney C., Nati F., Novak G., Pascale E., Pisano G., Soler J., Tucker C., Underhil M., Vissers M., Wheeler C., Williams P., Sinclair, A, Gordon, S, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Cho, H, Coppi, G, Corso, A, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Dober, B, Fissel, L, Galitzky, N, Gao, J, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, K, Klein, J, Li, D, Lourie, N, Lowe, I, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pascale, E, Pisano, G, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Underhil, M, Vissers, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Sinclair A., Gordon S. B., Ade P., Ashton P., Cho H. -M., Coppi G., Corso A., Devlin M., Dicker S., Dober B., Fissel L., Galitzky N., Gao J., Groppi C., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Irwin K., Klein J., Li D., Lourie N., Lowe I., Mani H., Mauskopf P. D., McKenney C., Nati F., Novak G., Pascale E., Pisano G., Soler J., Tucker C., Underhil M., Vissers M., Wheeler C., and Williams P.

Published
2020

22. Characterization, deployment, and in-flight performance of the BLAST-TNG cryogenic receiver

Author

Zmuidzinas J.,Gao J.-R., Lowe, I, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Coppi, G, Cox, E, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Fanfani, V, Fissel, L, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Klein, J, Li, D, Lourie, N, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pisano, G, Romualdez, J, Soler, J, Sinclair, A, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vissers, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Lowe I., Ade P. A. R., Ashton P. C., Austermann J. E., Coppi G., Cox E. G., Devlin M. J., Dober B. J., Fanfani V., Fissel L. M., Galitzki N., Gao J., Gordon S., Groppi C. E., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Klein J., Li D., Lourie N. P., Mani H., Mauskopf P., McKenney C., Nati F., Novak G., Pisano G., Romualdez J., Soler J. D., Sinclair A., Tucker C., Ullom J., Vissers M., Wheeler C., Williams P. A., Zmuidzinas J.,Gao J.-R., Lowe, I, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Coppi, G, Cox, E, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Fanfani, V, Fissel, L, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Klein, J, Li, D, Lourie, N, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pisano, G, Romualdez, J, Soler, J, Sinclair, A, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vissers, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Lowe I., Ade P. A. R., Ashton P. C., Austermann J. E., Coppi G., Cox E. G., Devlin M. J., Dober B. J., Fanfani V., Fissel L. M., Galitzki N., Gao J., Gordon S., Groppi C. E., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Klein J., Li D., Lourie N. P., Mani H., Mauskopf P., McKenney C., Nati F., Novak G., Pisano G., Romualdez J., Soler J. D., Sinclair A., Tucker C., Ullom J., Vissers M., Wheeler C., and Williams P. A.

Abstract

The Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) is a submillimeter polarimeter designed to map interstellar dust and galactic foregrounds at 250, 350, and 500 microns during a 24-day Antarctic flight. The BLAST-TNG detector arrays are comprised of 918, 469, and 272 MKID pixels, respectively. The pixels are formed from two orthogonally oriented, crossed, linear-polarization sensitive MKID antennae. The arrays are cooled to sub 300 mK temperatures and stabilized via a closed cycle 3He sorption fridge in combination with a 4He vacuum pot. The detectors are read out through a combination of the second-generation Reconfigurable Open Architecture Computing Hardware (ROACH2) and custom RF electronics designed for BLAST-TNG. The firmware and software designed to readout and characterize these detectors was built from scratch by the BLAST team around these detectors, and has been adapted for use by other MKID instruments such as TolTEC and OLIMPO.1 We present an overview of these systems as well as in-depth methodology of the ground-based characterization and the measured in-flight performance.

Published
2020

25. In-flight performance of the BLAST-TNG Kinetic Inductance Detector arrays and Readout Electronics

Author

Sinclair A., Gordon S. B., Ade P., Ashton P., Cho H. -M., Coppi G., Corso A., Devlin M., Dicker S., Dober B., Fissel L., Galitzky N., Gao J., Groppi C., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Irwin K., Klein J., Li D., Lourie N., Lowe I., Mani H., Mauskopf P. D., McKenney C., Nati F., Novak G., Pascale E., Pisano G., Soler J., Tucker C., Underhil M., Vissers M., Wheeler C., Williams P., Sinclair, A, Gordon, S, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Cho, H, Coppi, G, Corso, A, Devlin, M, Dicker, S, Dober, B, Fissel, L, Galitzky, N, Gao, J, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, K, Klein, J, Li, D, Lourie, N, Lowe, I, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pascale, E, Pisano, G, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Underhil, M, Vissers, M, Wheeler, C, and Williams, P

Subjects
kinetic inductance detectors, infrared astronomy, balloon borne telescopes
Published
2020

26. CONCERTO at APEX: Installation and first phase of on-sky commissioning

Author

De Petris, M., Catalano, A., Ade, P., Aravena, M., Barria, E., Beelen, A., Benoit, A., Béthermin, M., Bounmy, J., Bourrion, O., Bres, G., De Breuck, C., Calvo, M., Désert, F.-X., Durán, C.A, Duvauchelle, G., Eraud, L., Fasano, A., Fenouillet, T., Garcia, J., Garde, G., Goupy, J., Groppi, C., Hoarau, C., Hu, W., Lagache, G., Lambert, J.-C., Leggeri, J.-P., Levy-Bertrand, F., Macías-Pérez, J., Mani, H., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Mauskopf, P., Monfardini, A., Pisano, G., Ponthieu, N., Prieur, L., Raffin, G., Roni, S., Roudier, S., Tourres, D., Tucker, C., Vivargent, L., Ferragamo, A., Mayet, F., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Electronique (NEEL - ElecLab), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, and Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (NEEL - MagSup)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

CONCERTO (CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn) is a large field-of-view (FoV) spectro-imager that has been installed on the Cassegrain Cabin of Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in April 2021. CONCERTO hosts 2 focal planes and a total number of 4000 Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KID), with an instantaneous FoV of 18.6 arcminutes in the range of 130-310 GHz. The spectral resolution can be easily tuned down to 1 GHz depending on the scientific target. The scientific program of CONCERTO has many objectives, with two main programs focused on mapping the fluctuations of the [CII] line intensity in the reionisation and post-reionisation epoch (4.5, Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the International Conference entitled mm Universe @ NIKA2, Rome (Italy), June 2021, EPJ Web of conferences

Published
2021
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27. 8-beam local oscillator array at 47 THz generated by a phase grating and a quantum cascade laser

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Mirzaei, B, Silva, JRG, Hayton, D, Groppi, C, Kao, TY, Hu, Q, Reno, JL, Gao, JR, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Mirzaei, B, Silva, JRG, Hayton, D, Groppi, C, Kao, TY, Hu, Q, Reno, JL, and Gao, JR

Abstract

© 2017, OSA - The Optical Society. All rights reserved. We present an 8-beam local oscillator (LO) for the astronomically significant [OI] line at 4.7 THz. The beams are generated using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) in combination with a Fourier phase grating. The grating is fully characterized using a third order distributed feedback (DFB) QCL with a single mode emission at 4.7 THz as the input. The measured diffraction efficiency of 74.3% is in an excellent agreement with the calculated result of 75.4% using a 3D simulation. We show that the power distribution among the diffracted beams is uniform enough for pumping an array receiver. To validate the grating bandwidth, we apply a far-infrared (FIR) gas laser emission at 5.3 THz as the input and find a very similar performance in terms of efficiency, power distribution, and spatial configuration of the diffracted beams. Both results represent the highest operating frequencies of THz phase gratings reported in the literature. By injecting one of the eight diffracted 4.7 THz beams into a superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, we find that the coupled power, taking the optical loss into account, is in consistency with the QCL power value.

Published
2021

28. Preflight characterization of the BLAST-TNG receiver and detector arrays

Author

Zmuidzinas, Jona, Gao, Jian-Rong, Lourie, N, Ade, P, Angile, F, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Klein, J, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Li, D, Lowe, I, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pascale, E, Pisano, G, Sinclair, A, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vissers, M, Williams, P, Lourie N. P., Ade P. A. R., Angile F. E., Ashton P. C., Austermann J. E., Devlin M. J., Dober B., Galitzki N., Gao J., Gordon S., Groppi C. E., Klein J., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Li D., Lowe I., Mani H., Mauskopf P., McKenney C. M., Nati F., Novak G., Pascale E., Pisano G., Sinclair A., Soler J. D., Tucker C., Ullom J. N., Vissers M., Williams P. A., Zmuidzinas, Jona, Gao, Jian-Rong, Lourie, N, Ade, P, Angile, F, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Klein, J, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Li, D, Lowe, I, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Mckenney, C, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pascale, E, Pisano, G, Sinclair, A, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Vissers, M, Williams, P, Lourie N. P., Ade P. A. R., Angile F. E., Ashton P. C., Austermann J. E., Devlin M. J., Dober B., Galitzki N., Gao J., Gordon S., Groppi C. E., Klein J., Hilton G. C., Hubmayr J., Li D., Lowe I., Mani H., Mauskopf P., McKenney C. M., Nati F., Novak G., Pascale E., Pisano G., Sinclair A., Soler J. D., Tucker C., Ullom J. N., Vissers M., and Williams P. A.

Abstract

The Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) is a submillimeter mapping experiment planned for a 28 day long-duration balloon (LDB) flight from McMurdo Station, Antarctica during the 2018-2019 season. BLAST-TNG will detect submillimeter polarized interstellar dust emission, tracing magnetic fields in galactic molecular clouds. BLAST-TNG will be the first polarimeter with the sensitivity and resolution to probe the similar to 0.1 parsec-scale features that are critical to understanding the origin of structures in the interstellar medium.BLAST-TNG features three detector arrays operating at wavelengths of 250, 350, and 500 mu m (1200, 857, and 600 GHz) comprised of 918, 469, and 272 dual-polarization pixels, respectively. Each pixel is made up of two crossed microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). These arrays are cooled to 275 mK in a cryogenic receiver. Each MKID has a different resonant frequency, allowing hundreds of resonators to be read out on a single transmission line. This inherent ability to be frequency-domain multiplexed simplifies the cryogenic readout hardware, but requires careful optical testing to map out the physical location of each resonator on the focal plane. Receiver-level optical testing was carried out using both a cryogenic source mounted to a movable xy-stage with a shutter, and a beam-filling, heated blackbody source able to provide a 10-50 degrees C temperature chop. The focal plane array noise properties, responsivity, polarization efficiency, instrumental polarization were measured. We present the preflight characterization of the BLAST-TNG cryogenic system and array-level optical testing of the MKID detector arrays in the flight receiver.

Published
2018

30. In-flight performance of the BLAST-TNG telescope platform

Author

Marshall, HK, Spyromilio, J, Usuda, T, Coppi, G, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Cox, E, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Fanfani, V, Fissel, L, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Klein, J, Li, D, Lowe, I, Lourie, N, Mckinney, C, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pisano, G, Romualdez, J, Sinclair, A, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Visser, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Coppi, Gabriele, Ade, Peter A., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Cox, Erin G., Devlin, Mark J., Dober, Bradley J., Fanfani, Valentina, Fissel, Laura M., Galitzki, Nicholas B., Gao, Jiansong, Gordon, Samuel, Groppi, Christopher E., Hilton, Gene C., Hubmayr, Johannes, Klein, Jeffrey, Li, Dale, Lowe, Ian, Lourie, Nathan P., Mckinney, Christopher, Mani, Hamdi, Mauskopf, Philip D., Nati, Federico, Novak, Giles, Pisano, Giampaolo, Romualdez, Javier L., Sinclair, Adrian K., Soler, Juan D., Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Visser, Michael, Wheeler, Caleb H., Williams, Paul A., Marshall, HK, Spyromilio, J, Usuda, T, Coppi, G, Ade, P, Ashton, P, Austermann, J, Cox, E, Devlin, M, Dober, B, Fanfani, V, Fissel, L, Galitzki, N, Gao, J, Gordon, S, Groppi, C, Hilton, G, Hubmayr, J, Klein, J, Li, D, Lowe, I, Lourie, N, Mckinney, C, Mani, H, Mauskopf, P, Nati, F, Novak, G, Pisano, G, Romualdez, J, Sinclair, A, Soler, J, Tucker, C, Ullom, J, Visser, M, Wheeler, C, Williams, P, Coppi, Gabriele, Ade, Peter A., Ashton, Peter C., Austermann, Jason E., Cox, Erin G., Devlin, Mark J., Dober, Bradley J., Fanfani, Valentina, Fissel, Laura M., Galitzki, Nicholas B., Gao, Jiansong, Gordon, Samuel, Groppi, Christopher E., Hilton, Gene C., Hubmayr, Johannes, Klein, Jeffrey, Li, Dale, Lowe, Ian, Lourie, Nathan P., Mckinney, Christopher, Mani, Hamdi, Mauskopf, Philip D., Nati, Federico, Novak, Giles, Pisano, Giampaolo, Romualdez, Javier L., Sinclair, Adrian K., Soler, Juan D., Tucker, Carole, Ullom, Joel, Visser, Michael, Wheeler, Caleb H., and Williams, Paul A.

Abstract

The Next Generation Balloon-Borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) was a unique instrument for characterizing the polarized submillimeter sky at high-angular resolution. BLAST-TNG flew from the Long Duration Balloon Facility in Antarctica in January 2020. Despite the short flight duration, the instrument worked very well and is providing significant information about each subsystem that will be invaluable for future balloon missions. In this contribution, we discuss the performance of telescope and gondola.

Published
2020

34. Laser Micromachining Fabrication of THz Components

Author

DrouetdAubigny, C, Walker, C, Jones, B, Groppi, C, Papapolymerou, J, and Tavenier, C

Subjects
Lasers And Masers
Abstract

Laser micromachining techniques can be used to fabricate high-quality waveguide structures and quasi-optical components to micrometer accuracies. Successful GHz designs can be directly scaled to THz frequencies. We expect this promising technology to allow the construction of the first fully integrated THz heterodyne imaging arrays. At the University of Arizona, construction of the first laser micromachining system designed for THz waveguide components fabrication has been completed. Once tested and characterized our system will be used to construct prototype THz lx4 focal plane mixer arrays, magic tees, AR coated silicon lenses, local oscillator source phase gratings, filters and more. Our system can micro-machine structures down to a few microns accuracy and up to 6 inches across in a short time. This paper discusses the design and performance of our micromachining system, and illustrates the type, range and performance of components this exciting new technology will make accessible to the THz community.

Published
2001

36. Efficiency of multi-beam Fourier phase gratings at 1.4 THz

Author

Mirzaei, B. (author), Silva, J. R.G. (author), Luo, Y. (author), Liu, X. X. (author), Wei, L. (author), Hayton, Darren J. (author), Gao, J. (author), Groppi, C (author), Mirzaei, B. (author), Silva, J. R.G. (author), Luo, Y. (author), Liu, X. X. (author), Wei, L. (author), Hayton, Darren J. (author), Gao, J. (author), and Groppi, C (author)

Abstract

We compare the results of simulated and measured power efficiency and far-field beam pattern, for two reflective Fourier phase gratings, designed to generate 2 x 2 and 2 x 4 beams respectively from a single-beam, coherent source at 1.4 THz. The designed surface structures were manufactured on aluminum plates by a computer numerical control (CNC) micro-milling machine. Despite small differences between the designed and fabricated gratings, we measured power efficiencies of both gratings to be around 70%, which is in a good agreement with the simulated values. We also find a good agreement between the simulated and measured diffracted beam size and spatial distribution. We demonstrate the application of both gratings as multiple beam local oscillators to simultaneously pump (or operate) a 4-pixel array of superconducting heterodyne mixers., QN/Gao Lab, ImPhys/Optics

Published
2017
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37. 8-beam local oscillator array at 4.7 THz generated by a phase grating and a quantum cascade laser

Author

Mirzaei, B. (author), Silva, J. R.G. (author), Hayton, D (author), Groppi, C (author), Kao, T. Y. (author), Hu, Q. (author), Reno, John L. (author), Gao, J. (author), Mirzaei, B. (author), Silva, J. R.G. (author), Hayton, D (author), Groppi, C (author), Kao, T. Y. (author), Hu, Q. (author), Reno, John L. (author), and Gao, J. (author)

Abstract

We present an 8-beam local oscillator (LO) for the astronomically significant [OI] line at 4.7 THz. The beams are generated using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) in combination with a Fourier phase grating. The grating is fully characterized using a third order distributed feedback (DFB) QCL with a single mode emission at 4.7 THz as the input. The measured diffraction efficiency of 74.3% is in an excellent agreement with the calculated result of 75.4% using a 3D simulation. We show that the power distribution among the diffracted beams is uniform enough for pumping an array receiver. To validate the grating bandwidth, we apply a far-infrared (FIR) gas laser emission at 5.3 THz as the input and find a very similar performance in terms of efficiency, power distribution, and spatial configuration of the diffracted beams. Both results represent the highest operating frequencies of THz phase gratings reported in the literature. By injecting one of the eight diffracted 4.7 THz beams into a superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, we find that the coupled power, taking the optical loss into account, is in consistency with the QCL power value., QN/Gao Lab

Published
2017
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38. A 2 × 2 array receiver at 1.4 THz based on HEB mixers and a Fourier phase grating local oscillator

Author

Liu, X.X., Hayton, D.J., Luo, Y.C., Wei, L., Vercruyssen, N., Gao, J.R., and Groppi, C.

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We report on realization of a 2 × 2 NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) array receiver using multiple local oscillator (LO) beams that are obtained from a Fourier phase grating mirror. The grating splits a 1.4 THz single beam into four uniform sub-beams. Two 50mm lenses are applied to collimate each beam in order to achieve a spacing of 12mm between them. The LO power in each beam is shown to be enough to fully pump the HEB mixer elements. The IV curves, noise temperature and IF bandwidth for each pixel is then characterized.

Published
2015

40. Metabolic syndrome and drug discontinuation in schizophrenia: a randomized trial comparing aripiprazole olanzapine and haloperidol

Author

Parabiaghi, A, Tettamanti, M, D'Avanzo, B, Barbato, A, Aguglia, Eugenio, Bufalino, C, Cannavo', D, Gandolfo, L, Bassi, M, Erlicher, A, Agnetti, G, Breviario, G, Casacchia, M, Pollce, R, Pomero, P, Colotto, A, Manfrinati, S, Cattaneo, Ci, Corrivetti, G, Pinto, G, Ferranini, L, Marcenaro, M, Vaggi, M, Ghio, L, Natta, W, Ferrato, F, Francomano, A, La Placha, M, Mastroeni, A, Rigamonti, D, Groppi, C, Mauri, Mc, De Gaspari IF, Percudanim, Picci, R, Comino, L, Paschetta, E, Pioli, R, Bignotti, S, Smerieri, G, Ghinaglia, Visani, E, Lucattini, A, Caverzasi, E, Colombo, R, Cervetti, A, D'Aloise, A, Parise, Vf, Florio, V, Hadjichristos, A, D'Avamzo, B, Buratti, G, Buratti, L, De Micheli, A, Furlato, K, D'Onofrio, S, Mariannantoni, I, Rapisarda, F, Riccardi, F, Ruberto, A, Ruggirello, I, Santini, I, Trivelli, F, and Ullo, A.

Subjects
Olanzapine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Aripiprazole, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Benzodiazepines, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Haloperidol, Medicine, Humans, Antipsychotic, Psychiatry, Adverse effect, Metabolic Syndrome, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Discontinuation, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Schizophrenia, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Objective To determine whether the prescription of aripiprazole, compared with olanzapine and haloperidol, was associated with a lower frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) and treatment discontinuation at 1 year. Method Patients were randomly assigned to be treated open-label and according to usual clinical practice with either aripiprazole, olanzapine, or haloperidol and followed up for 1 year. Results Three hundred out-patients with persistent schizophrenia were recruited in 35 mental health services. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis found no significant differences in the rate of MS between aripiprazole (37%), olanzapine (47%), and haloperidol (42%). Treatment discontinuation for any cause was higher for aripiprazole (52%) than for olanzapine (33%; OR, 0.41; P = 0.004), or haloperidol (37%; OR, 0.51; P = 0.030). No significant difference was found between olanzapine and haloperidol. Time to discontinuation for any cause was longer for olanzapine than for aripiprazole (HR, 0.55; P

Published
2015

41. Fourier phase grating for THz multi-beam local oscillators

Author

Luo, Y.C., Liu, X.X., Hayton, D.J., Wei, L., Gao, J.R., and Groppi, C.

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Optics
Abstract

A Fourier phase grating mirror will be applied to split a single, coherent terahertz source beam into multi-beams, which are spatially distributed as required for the local oscillator in an array receiver. We report on the simulation, design and fabrication of a Fourier phase grating at 1.25 THz for generating 2×2 beams, and the measurements at 1.39 THz as a proof of concept study. We find that the characteristics of the measured diffraction beams are in good agreement with the model. In addition, we present the simulation and design of a grating for 4×4 beams as required for the GUSSTO’s 4.7 THz local oscillator.

Published
2015

43. A 2 × 2 array receiver at 1.4 THz based on HEB mixers and a Fourier phase grating local oscillator

Author

Liu, X.X. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Luo, Y.C. (author), Wei, L. (author), Vercruyssen, N. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Groppi, C. (author), Liu, X.X. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Luo, Y.C. (author), Wei, L. (author), Vercruyssen, N. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), and Groppi, C. (author)

Abstract

We report on realization of a 2 × 2 NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) array receiver using multiple local oscillator (LO) beams that are obtained from a Fourier phase grating mirror. The grating splits a 1.4 THz single beam into four uniform sub-beams. Two 50mm lenses are applied to collimate each beam in order to achieve a spacing of 12mm between them. The LO power in each beam is shown to be enough to fully pump the HEB mixer elements. The IV curves, noise temperature and IF bandwidth for each pixel is then characterized., QN/Quantum Nanoscience, Applied Sciences

Published
2015

44. Fourier phase grating for THz multi-beam local oscillators

Author

Luo, Y.C. (author), Liu, X.X. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Wei, L. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), Groppi, C. (author), Luo, Y.C. (author), Liu, X.X. (author), Hayton, D.J. (author), Wei, L. (author), Gao, J.R. (author), and Groppi, C. (author)

Abstract

A Fourier phase grating mirror will be applied to split a single, coherent terahertz source beam into multi-beams, which are spatially distributed as required for the local oscillator in an array receiver. We report on the simulation, design and fabrication of a Fourier phase grating at 1.25 THz for generating 2×2 beams, and the measurements at 1.39 THz as a proof of concept study. We find that the characteristics of the measured diffraction beams are in good agreement with the model. In addition, we present the simulation and design of a grating for 4×4 beams as required for the GUSSTO’s 4.7 THz local oscillator., QN/Quantum Nanoscience, Applied Sciences

Published
2015

46. Optical Demonstration of THz, Dual-Polarization Sensitive Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Author

Dober, B., primary, Austermann, J. A., additional, Beall, J. A., additional, Becker, D., additional, Che, G., additional, Cho, H. M., additional, Devlin, M., additional, Duff, S. M., additional, Galitzki, N., additional, Gao, J., additional, Groppi, C., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Hubmayr, J., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, McKenney, C. M., additional, Li, D., additional, Lourie, N., additional, Mauskopf, P., additional, Vissers, M. R., additional, and Wang, Y., additional

Published
2015
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49. L’attività dei Centri Antifumo italiani tra problematiche e aree da potenziare: i risultati di un’indagine svolta attraverso un questionario on-line

Author

Alessandra Di Pucchio, Roberta, Pacifici, Simona, Pichini, Antonella, Bacosi, Simonetta Di Carlo, Rita Di Giovannandrea, Patrizia, Gori, (ASL Brescia, Enrica Pizzi e Gruppo Servizi Territoriali per la cessazione dal fumo di tabacco: Abrami M. A., Leno, -BS), Agus, A., (ASS2 Isontina, Nicolazzi L., Gorizia), Ameglio, M., (AUSL 7, Cincinelli B., Zona Alta Val d'Elsa, Siena), Badii, F., (ASL 2 Savonese, Grossi S., Savona), Baraldo M. (OU S. Maria della Misericordia, Udine), Barbano, G., (AULSS 9 - Ospedale Cà Foncello, Bazzerla G., Treviso), Bassini M., Giampaolo R. (AUSL di Modena -Distretto di Castelfranco Emilia -MO), Beato, E., (Dipartimento Dipendenze, Prestipino A., ASL di Bergamo), Bergozza L., Rossetto L. (ULSS 4 Thiene -VI), Bertoletti R. (AO Valtellina e Valchiavenna, Sondalo), Biasin, C., (ULSS 21, Manzato E., Zevio, -VR), Bigarelli M. (AUSL Modena Area Nord, Carpi -MO), (ASL della Provincia di Mantova), Bini L., Boffi, R., (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Pozzi P., Milano), Brancaccio, L., Monaldi', Guarino C. (AO 'V., Napoli), Cacaci, C., (ASUR Marche - Area Vasta 5, Apolloni P., San Benedetto del Tronto -AP), Calcagni, A. M., (Area Vasta 4 - Regione Marche, Mecozzi L., Giorgio -FM), Porto S., Calzolari, U., (ASL di Bergamo, Rovetta M., Lovere, -BG), Campiotti A. (ASL Milano 1, Magenta -MI), Canneti, E., Saccocci, M., Misericordia, Vichi S. (USL 9 P. O., Grosseto), Canzian G., Russo A. (ASS 3 Alto Friuli), Cao A. (ASL 5, Oristano), Carnevale E. (ASL Napoli 1 Centro - PS 'S. Maria di Loreto Crispi', Napoli), Carone, M., Maugeri, Sarno N. (Fondazione S., Cassano delle Murge -BA), Carrozzi, L., Pistelli, F., Cavalleri, C., (ASL TO3, Pini D., Beinasco, -TO), Cerrato P. (ASL TO2, Torino), Cestaro C., Repetto T. (AUSL Valle d'Aosta), Ciarfeo Purich R., Vegliach A. (ASS 1 Triestina), (Ausl di Imola), Cifiello S., Colombari, P., (ASL VC, Conti P., Vercelli), Conterio, P., (Asl TO1 Ospedale Martini, Gallo E., Torino), Cordioli, E., ULSS 22 Bussolengo, Melchiori S. (Az., Verona), Corti M. (ASL provincia Bergamo, Treviglio -BG), Costantino A. (AO Pugliese Ciaccio, Catanzaro), Cuccagna, P., (Asl TO3, Potosnjack A., Perosa Argentina -TO), Cutrì, R., (Azienda 10 Lungarno Santa Rosa, Barbanti A., Firenze), D’Urso, B., San Giovanni di Dio Ruggi D’Aragona', Amendola D. (AOU 'OO. RR., Salerno), Da Ros D. (ULSS 16, Padova), (IRCCS Ospedale, D'Alessandro V., Dalla Pietra G., Pavani V. (Az. ULSS 18 Rovigo), De Benedetto, F., Annunziata, Manigrasso M. R. (ASL Chieti PO Clinicizzato S. S., Chieti Scalo -CH), De Donno G. (AO Carlo Poma, Mantova), De Lozzo L., Facchini F. (PO di Vittorio Veneto -TV), De Marchi C. (ASL BI, Cossato -BI), (Sert Lamezia Terme), De Siena A., (ASP Reggio Calabria), De Stefano C., Del Donno, M., Rummo', Romano A. (AO 'G., Benevento), Delfini M., Galati A. (P. O. Villa Betania RM E), Di Dio, S., (ASP 3 Catania, Franco R., Giarre, -CT), Dominici F., De Rose V. (ASL di Viterbo), Donateo L., Gerardi R. (ASL Lecce), Fagni, F., (AUSL 3 di Pistoia, Pellegrini V., Pescia, -PT), Foschino Barbaro, M. P., (AOU Policlinico- Ospedale D'Avanzo, Ruggieri C., Foggia), Fulgione, C., Gennaro, Mallardo M. (ASL NA 1 O S., Fusconi, E., (ASL RMC Distretto 9, Del Brocco D., Roma), Galletti, F., (AOU Federico II, De Palma D., Grammatico P. (ASL Roma D, Roma), Grandelis C. (APSS, Borgo Valsugana -TN), Groppi C. (ASL 3, Pistoia), Iacoacci C., Barbieri F. (INRCA di Ancona), Ianniello, F., (AUSL 8, Passeri A., Montevarchi, -AR), Janiri L. (Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Roma), Kashanpour, H., (ASS 4, Zanon D., Udine), (PO Sud-Ospedale di Gaeta -LT), Kugler E., Lauro G., D'Amore A. (ASL Caserta), Lavacchini, G., (ASL 10 FI, Grati D., Zona, Mugello, Lorenzo -FI), Borgo S., Leonardi, C., (ASL RMC, Fierro G., Leonetti A. (ASL CN1, Mondovì -CN), Lugoboni, F., (AO Universitaria, Casari R., (ARNAS Ospedale Civico di Palermo), Madonia G., Magnelli F., Rota A. G. (ASP di Cosenza), Maiella, D., (ASL BN1, Izzo A., Manfredi A., Gai P. (ASL 4 di Prato), Mantovani A., Finessi A. (Az. Ulss 19 Adria -RO), Mantovani R., Viviani U. (AUSL di Ferrara PO di Copparo -FE), (ASP Trapani PO Mazara del Vallo -TP), Marino G., (ASL Sassari), Marras T., (ASL Ferrara), Marsili R., (ULSS 13 Dolo -VE), Melica V. E., Messere C. (ASL NA2 Nord, Napoli), Monti M. (Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna), Mussoni C., Cavicchi C. (Az. USL Bologna), Natoli, A., (ASS 6, Furlan N., Pordenone), Pamerani B., Porciatti C. (AUSL 10 Firenze), Panzanella C. (ASL Napoli 1 Centro – Osp 'San Giovanni Bosco', Napoli), Paolin C., Cannarsa F. (Az. Ulss 7 Pieve di Soligo -TV), Parillo T., Hazra C. (ASL di Como), Pasinato M. G. (Ulss 8 Asolo, Castelfranco Veneto -TV), (ASL 1 Distretto di Alghero -SS), Peana G., Pellegrini, L., Gios, L., (Distretto Centro Sud, Herzog S., Rovereto, -TN), Perillo, A., (ASL Na 3 Sud, Ambrosino M., Pomigliano d'Arco -NA), (Azienda Sanitaria di Matera), Perna M. T., Pezzuto, A., Andrea- Università Sapienza, Mariotta S. (AO S., Piancastelli, G., Ricci, C., Fabbri, C., USL Ravenna, Fava P. (Az., Sedi di Ravenna, Bagnacavallo, Faenza, -RA), Pieralli, D., (AUSL 8 Zona Aretina, Ferrarotto E., Arezzo), Pistelli, R., (Università Cattolica, Villani A., Complesso Integrato Columbus, Polo, M. F., (AOU, Manca S., Sassari), Polosa, R., (AOU, Caponnetto P., Università di Catania), Principe, R. Clementi F., Camillo-Forlanini, Dragani L. (AO S., Pulerà N. (AUSL 6, Livorno), Puoti F. (ASL Na1, Napoli), Residori M. (AULSS 22 Regione Veneto, Villafranca -VR), Romagnolo A. (ASL AT, Asti), Romano, A., Russo, G., (ASL TO 4 Ivrea, Arimatea S., Chivasso, Ciriè, -TO), Romano F., Scarlato M. I. (AO di Cosenza), Sacchi, G., Alletto', Magro F. (ASL 1-Poliambulatorio 'U., Agrigento), Saetta, M., Forza, G., (PO di Padova), Balestro E., Serafini, A., (Ospedale Civile, Bertora G., Imperia), Siracusano, L., (Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Autuori M., Rozzano, -MI), Spada, E., Maugeri, Balestroni G. (Fondazione S., Veruno, -NO), Staccioli M. C., Rossi B. (Ausl Rimini), Stefano, V., (ASL Provincia di Varese, Gaggini R., Arcisate, -VA), Subiaco, S., (ASUR Marche, Cimarelli M. E., Area Vasta, 2 Jesi -AN), Tartarotti I. (APSS, Pergine -TN), Tavanti, G., (AUSL 10, Paparini L., Antella, -FI), Tinghino B. (ASL Provincia di Monza e Brianza, Monza), (ASP N9 Trapani), Trapani V., Triani A., Senoner A. (AS Merano e AS Bolzano -BZ), Valeri W. (Area Vasta 2 Ancona – ASUR Marche, Ancona), (ASL di Lodi), Varango C., Varese M. (ASL 1, Regione Toscana), Vidal, V., (ASS 5, Mustacchi A., Palmanova, -UD), Viola, S., Salvini, Tomasich A. (A. O., Garbagnate, -MI), (AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona -CR), Virzì G., Vito, A., Parrella, R. (AORN Ospedali dei Colli Monaldi-Cotugno-C. T. O., (AUSL di Bologna), Zagà V., and (ULSS 5, Zini G.

Subjects
Centri Antifumo, Indagine on-line, Cessazione dal fumo di tabacco, Fumo di tabacco
Published
2013

50. Photon-noise limited sensitivity in titanium nitride kinetic inductance detectors

Author

Hubmayr, J., primary, Beall, J., additional, Becker, D., additional, Cho, H.-M., additional, Devlin, M., additional, Dober, B., additional, Groppi, C., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Li, D., additional, Mauskopf, P., additional, Pappas, D. P., additional, Van Lanen, J., additional, Vissers, M. R., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Wei, L. F., additional, and Gao, J., additional

Published
2015
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