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Although good adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (PAP) traditionally is defined as greater than or equal to 4 hours/night, the origins and rationale for this remain unclear. Research studies report variation in optimal duration of PAP adherence, depending on outcome of interest. Evidence demonstrates benefit with PAP for daytime sleepiness, quality of life, neurocognitive outcomes, depression, and hypertension, predominantly in symptomatic, moderate–severe obstructive sleep apnea. Recent randomized controlled trials, however, have failed to demonstrate a reduction in cardiovascular and mortality risks. This review explores the question of what can be considered a clinically meaningful outcome for PAP adherence.

If your symptoms have lasted more than one or two months, it is likely your insomnia requires targeted treatments that focus on sleep patterns and behaviours. This article is the next in The Conversation's six-part series on insomnia, which charts the rise of insomnia during industrialisation to sleep apps today. So, the next stage is a type of non-drug therapy known as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (or CBTi for short). [Extracted from the article]