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'Ho 13‐739' (Reg. no. CV‐214, PI 703499) sugarcane (a Saccharum spp. complex polyploid) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA‐ARS in Houma, LA, in cooperation with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. It was released to growers in Louisiana in 2020. Results from evaluations in plant‐cane and first‐ and second‐ratoon crops at 13 field locations revealed that sucrose content and stalk weight of Ho 13‐739 were significantly greater than 'L 01‐299' in every crop and across the crop cycle. Sucrose yield was not significantly different than L 01‐299 for all crops evaluated and across the crop cycle. Ho 13‐739 is an early‐maturing cultivar with poor mature‐stalk cold tolerance. The cultivar is resistant to smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) and Sorghum mosaic virus and moderately suspectable to brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala) and leaf scald (caused by Xanthomonas albilineans). It was also moderately susceptible to the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis F). Ho 13‐739 has important traits for producers such as high sucrose content, early maturity, and adequate disease resistance. Core Ideas: The sugarcane cultivar Ho 13‐739 was released for Louisiana.The plant‐cane sucrose content and stalk weight of Ho 13‐739 were significantly greater than L 01‐299 for all crops.Ho 13‐739 is an early‐maturing cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are complex aneupolyploid hybrids, genetic evaluation and tracking of clone- or cultivar-specific alleles become possible through capillary electrophoresis (CE) using fluorescence-labeled SSR markers. Twenty-four sugarcane cultivars, 12 each from India and the USA, were genetically assessed using 21 fluorescence-labeled polymorphic SSR markers. These markers primed the amplification of 213 alleles. Of these alleles, 161 were common to both Indian and US cultivars, 25 were specific to the Indian cultivars, and 27 were observed only in the US cultivars. Only 10 alleles were monomorphic. A high level of heterozygosity was observed in both Indian (82.4%) and US (91.1%) cultivars resulting in average polymorphism information content (PIC) values of 0.66 and 0.77 and marker index (MI) values of 5.07 and 5.58, respectively. Pearson correlation between PIC and MI was significant in both sets of cultivars (r = 0.58 and 0.69). UPGMA clustering separated cultivars into three distinct clusters at 59% homology level. These results propose the potential utility of six Indian cultivar-specific SSR alleles (mSSCIR3_182, SMC486CG_229, SMC36BUQ_125, mSSCIR74_216, SMC334BS_154, and mSSCIR43_238) in sugarcane breeding, vis a vis transporting CE-based evaluation in clone or variety identity testing, cross fidelity assessments, and genetic relatedness among species of the genus Saccharum and related genera. Key words: capillary electrophoresis, cultivar-specific alleles, genetic diversity, microsatellites, sugarcane. Bien que les cultivars de canne a sucre (hybrides de Saccharum spp.) soient des hybrides complexes aneu-polyploides, revaluation et le suivi d'alleles specifiques d'un cultivar ou d'un clone sont devenus possibles via l'electrophorese capillaire (CE) et le marquage a la fluorescence des marqueurs SSR. Vingt-quatre cultivars de canne a sucre, 12 chacun de l'Inde et des Etats-Unis, ont ete analyses genetiquement a l'aide de 21 marqueurs SSR polymorphes marques a la fluorescence. Ces marqueurs ont permis d'amplifier 213 alleles. De ceux-ci 161 etaient communs aux cultivars indiens et americains, 25 etaient specifiques des cultivars indiens et 27 ont ete observes uniquement au sein des cultivars americains. Seuls 10 alleles etaient monomorphes. Un fort degre d'heterozygotie a ete observe tant au sein des cultivars indiens (82,4 %) qu'americains (91,1 %) ce qui a mene respectivement a des indices polymorphisme (PIC) moyens de 0,66 et 0,77 et a des indices de marqueur (MI) de 5,07 et 5,58. Les correlations de Pearson entre les indices PIC et MI etaient significatives dans les deuxcas (r = 0,58 et 0,69). Des analyses degroupementUPGMAont separe les cultivars en trois groupes distincts a un niveau d'homologie de 59 %. Ces resultats suggerent que six alleles SSR specifiques des cultivars indiens (mSSCIR3_182, SMC486CG_229, SMC36BUQ_125, mSSCIR74_216, SMC334BS_154 et mSSCIR43_238) seraient potentiellement utiles en selection chez la canne a sucre pour l'identification des clones ou varietes, pour la validation des croisements et pour l'etude des relations de parente genetique parmi les especes du genre Saccharum et les genres apparentes. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: electrophorese capillaire, alleles specifiques de cultivars, diversite genetique, microsatellites, canne a sucre., Introduction Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is an important commercial crop grown in over 100 countries. Approximately 70% of the world's sugar (Lakshmanan et al. 2005) and >35% of alcohol (Parida [...]

‘Ho 13-710’ (PI 702582) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of S. officinarum, S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum, and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was crossed, selected, and evaluated by scientists at the USDA-ARS, Houma working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, the American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A., Inc., and Rio Farms Inc., Texas. The new cultivar was released in 2020, primarily for the Texas sugar industry. In field evaluations over a crop cycle, Ho 13-710 had cane and sugar yields significantly greater than CP 89-2143, which is widely grown in Texas. In the plant-cane crop, Ho 13-710 had significantly greater cane yield than CP 72-1210 and CP 89-2143 and greater plant cane sugar yield than CP 72-1210. Ho 13-710 is resistant to smut (caused by Sporisorium scitamineum), and brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala). Ho 13-710 is susceptible to Sugarcane mosaic caused by Sorghum mosaic virus. Orange rust (caused by P. kuehnii) has not been observed on Ho 13-710. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the most severe fungal diseases worldwide. In this study, a cross was made between a smutresistant variety YT93-159 and a smut-susceptible variety ROC22, and 312 progenies were obtained. Two bulks of progenies were then constructed, one consisted of 27 highly smut resistant progenies and the other 24 smut susceptible progenies. Total RNAs of the progenies of each bulk, were pooled and subject to bulked segregant RNA-sequence analysis (BSR-Seq). A total of 164.44 Gb clean data containing 2,341,449 SNPs and 64,999 genes were obtained, 7,295 of which were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were mainly enriched in stress-related metabolic pathways, including carbon metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and plant-pathogen interactions. Besides, 45,946 high-quality, credible SNPs, a 1.27 Mb region at Saccharum spontaneum chromosome Chr5B (68,904,827 to 70,172,982), and 129 candidate genes were identified to be associated with smut resistance. Among them, twenty-four genes, either encoding key enzymes involved in signaling pathways or being transcription factors, were found to be very closely associated with stress resistance. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that they played a positive role in smut resistance. Finally, a potential molecular mechanism of sugarcane and S. scitamineum interaction is depicted that activations of MAPK cascade signaling, ROS signaling, Ca2+ signaling, and PAL metabolic pathway and initiation of the glyoxalase system jointly promote the resistance to S. scitamineum in sugarcane. This study provides potential SNP markers and candidate gene resources for smut resistance breeding in sugarcane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glyoxalase I belongs to the glyoxalase system that detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product produced mainly from triose phosphates. The concentration of MG increases rapidly under stress conditions. In this study, a novel glyoxalase I gene, designated as SoGloI was identified from sugarcane. SoGloI had a size of 1,091 bp with one open reading frame (ORF) of 885 bp encoding a protein of 294 amino acids. SoGloI was predicted as a Ni2+-dependent GLOI protein with two typical glyoxalase domains at positions 28-149 and 159-283, respectively. SoGloI was cloned into an expression plasmid vector, and the Trx-His-S-tag SoGloI protein produced in Escherichia coli was about 51 kDa. The recombinant E. coli cells expressing SoGloI compared to the control grew faster and tolerated higher concentrations of NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, or ZnSO4. SoGloI ubiquitously expressed in various sugarcane tissues. The expression was up-regulated under the treatments of NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, ZnSO4 and abscisic acid (ABA), or under simulated biotic stress conditions upon exposure to salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). SoGloI activity steadily increased when sugarcane was subjected to NaCl, CuCl2, CdCl2, or ZnSO4 treatments. Sub-cellular observations indicated that the SoGloI protein was located in both cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest that the SoGloI gene may play an important role in sugarcane's response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]