Search

During pregnancy, physiological changes in the immune response make pregnant women more susceptible to serious infection, increasing the risk for the mother as well as the foetus, newborn and infant. All women should be correctly and fully vaccinated as they enter their reproductive years, especially against diseases such as tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, rubella and varicella. In addition to the recommended vaccines, in risk situations, inactivated vaccines could be administered to women who were not correctly vaccinated before, while attenuated vaccines are contraindicated.Despite the fact that vaccination during pregnancy is a very important preventive measure and the existing recommendations from public health authorities, scientific societies and health professionals, the vaccination coverage could clearly be improved, especially against influenza and SARS-CoV-2, so any health professional involved in the care of pregnant women should proactively recommend these vaccines.The Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), through its Advisory Committee on Vaccines, and the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO) recommend vaccination against the following diseases during pregnancy: against influenza and COVID-19, in any trimester of pregnancy and during the postpartum period (up to 6 months post birth) in women not vaccinated during pregnancy; against pertussis, with the Tdap vaccine, between weeks 27 and 36 of gestation (in the CAV-AEP recommendations, preferably between weeks 27 and 28); and against RSV, with RSVPreF, between weeks 24 and 36 of gestation, preferably between weeks 32 and 36. Resumen: Durante el embarazo, los cambios fisiológicos en la respuesta inmunitaria favorecen que las gestantes sean más susceptibles a infecciones graves, tanto para ellas como para el feto, recién nacido y lactante. Todas las mujeres deberían entrar en el período reproductivo con su calendario vacunal correctamente cumplimentado, sobre todo en lo que respecta a enfermedades como tétanos, hepatitis B, sarampión, rubeola y varicela. Además de las vacunas recomendadas, en situaciones de riesgo las vacunas inactivadas podrían ser administradas en aquellas mujeres que no estuvieran correctamente inmunizadas con anterioridad, mientras que las atenuadas están contraindicadas.A pesar de que la vacunación durante el embarazo es una medida preventiva muy importante, y de las recomendaciones de autoridades sanitarias, sociedades científicas y profesionales sanitarios, las coberturas vacunales son claramente mejorables, especialmente en lo que respecta a gripe y COVID-19, por lo que todo profesional sanitario que atienda a la embarazada debe ser proactivo en aconsejarlas.La Asociación Española de Pediatría, a través de su Comité Asesor de Vacunas, y la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia recomiendan las siguientes vacunaciones durante la gestación: frente a gripe y COVID-19, en cualquier trimestre del embarazo, y durante el puerperio (hasta los 6 meses) en aquellas que no hubieran sido vacunadas durante la gestación; frente a tosferina con Tdpa, entre las 27 y 36 semanas de gestación (el CAV-AEP da preferencia entre las 27 y 28 semanas); y frente al VRS con RSVPreF, entre las 24 y 36 semanas de gestación, de preferencia entre las 32 y 36 semanas.

Esta revisión se centra en describir nuevos sistemas de diagnóstico molecular de tipo POC disponibles en el mercado que pueden implementarse fácilmente en farmacias comunitarias y tienen el potencial de ampliar la cartera de servicios farmacéuticos y hacer una contribución significativa a la mejora de la salud pública. El conocimiento de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico molecular distintas de la PCR es relativamente desconocido. Sin embargo, las opciones disponibles son diversas y han alcanzado suficiente madurez tecnológica para su uso a gran escala. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha sacado al mercado pruebas de diagnóstico que, en algunos casos, se han utilizado exclusivamente en investigación durante décadas. La tecnología isotérmica de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos sigue evolucionando y es probable que en los próximos años seamos testigos de un aumento exponencial de su uso, así como del desarrollo de nuevas mejoras que simplifiquen y reduzcan aún más el coste de cada ensayo. Igualmente, no podemos obviar el hecho de que durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el público se ha habituado a autodiagnosticarse a través de canales de distribución masiva como las farmacias comunitarias, lo que puede abrir el sector a otras enfermedades —como las de transmisión sexual o salud animal—, el control de alimentos, la contaminación del agua y del aire (hongos) o la presencia de alérgenos. El conocimiento de estas nuevas tecnologías es esencial estrategia de vigilancia tecnológica e inteligencia competitiva del sector farmacéutico.

This review focuses on describing new commercially available POC-type molecular diagnostic systems that can be easily implemented in community pharmacies and have the potential to expand the portfolio of pharmaceutical services and make a significant contribution to the improvement of public health. Knowledge of new molecular diagnostic techniques other than PCR is relatively unexplored. However, the available options are diverse and have reached sufficient technological maturity for large-scale use. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought diagnostic tests to market that, in some cases, have been used exclusively in research for decades. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology continues to evolve and it is likely that in the coming years we will witness an exponential increase in its use, as well as the development of new improvements that further simplify and reduce the cost of each assay. Furthermore, we cannot ignore the fact that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the public has become accustomed to self-diagnosing through mass distribution channels such as community pharmacies. Which can open the sector to other diseases - such as sexually transmitted diseases or animal health -, food control, water and air contamination (fungi) or the presence of allergens. Knowledge of them is an essential technological surveillance strategy for the pharmaceutical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[pt] Este trabalho trata da gripe em Portugal, dando particular destaque à gripe russa. Não será abordada a “gripe espanhola”, dada a profusão de estudos já publicados nos últimos anos sobre esta pandemia. O nosso objetivo consiste em mostrar a antiguidade da doença em Portugal, bem como a sua recorrência ao longo dos séculos, incluindo na contemporaneidade, quando a gripe alcançou maior incidência. Os periódicos e as publicações médicas são a principal base do nosso trabalho, que pretende ser um contributo para o estudo de uma doença que não tem merecido a atenção que, decerto, é devida, designadamente da parte da História.

The influenza virus has accompanied humans since time immemorial, in the form of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. It is a respiratory infection with multiple repercussions on people’s lives at an individual and social level, as well as representing a significant burden on the health system. This Consensus Document arises from the collaboration of various Spanish scientific societies involved in influenza virus infection. The conclusions drawn are based on the highest quality evidence available in the scientific literature and, failing that, on the opinion of the experts convened. The Consensus Document addresses the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and preventive aspects (with respect to the prevention of transmission and in relation to vaccination) of influenza, for both adult and pediatric populations. This Consensus Document aims to help facilitate the clinical, microbiological, and preventive approach to influenza virus infection and, consequently, to reduce its important consequences on the morbidity and mortality of the population. Resumen: El virus de la gripe ha acompañado al ser humano desde tiempo inmemorial, en forma de epidemias anuales y pandemias ocasionales. Se trata de una infección respiratoria con múltiples repercusiones sobre la vida de las personas a nivel individual y social, así como una importante sobrecarga para el sistema sanitario. El presente documento de consenso surge de la colaboración de diversas sociedades científicas españolas implicadas en la atención de la infección por virus de la gripe. Las conclusiones extraídas se han fundamentado en las evidencias de mayor calidad disponibles en la literatura científica y, en su defecto, en la opinión de los expertos convocados. En el documento de consenso se abordan los aspectos clínicos, microbiológicos, terapéuticos y preventivos (respecto de la prevención de la transmisión y en relación con la vacunación) de la gripe, tanto para población pediátrica como para adultos. Este documento de consenso pretende ayudar a facilitar el abordaje clínico, microbiológico y preventivo de la infección por virus de la gripe y, consecuentemente, a disminuir sus importantes consecuencias sobre la morbimortalidad de la población.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A gripe espanhola foi uma pandemia que ocorreu entre 1918 e 1919, alastrou-se pelo mundo em três ondas nomeadamente março de 1918, agosto de 1918 (mais contagiosa) e janeiro de 1919, atingindo todos os continentes provocando dezenas de milhões de mortos. O campo da climatologia médica é grande e complexo, não tendo, ainda, permitido que haja uma clara compreensão dos efeitos do clima nas doenças. Este estudo aborda o modo como um ambiente térmico frio e muito frio condiciona o agravamento de acorrências hospitalares. É investigada a influência de parâmetros termohigrométricos nas acorrências. Um ano civil de registos é assumido quer para parâmetros meteorológicos quer para as acorrências hospitalares. O índice térmico aplicado mostra inequivocamente que um ambiente térmico frio e muito frio é determinante para prever agudizações da doença. Palavras-chave: Ambiente térmico, gripe, índice térmico, educação para o risco.

Introduction: Coinfections of influenza and other respiratory viruses (ORVs) are frequent in the epidemic season. The aim of this study was to examine the demographic and virological variables associated with coinfections by influenza and ORVs. Materials and methods: We analysed respiratory samples of patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza using molecular diagnostic methods obtained in 8 consecutive influenza seasons (2011–2012 to 2018–2019). We analysed data focusing on different variables: age, sex, type of patient (hospitalized/sentinel) and detected type/subtype of influenza. Results: Coinfections of influenza and ORVs were detected in 17.8% of influenza-positive samples. The probability of detecting coinfection was significantly higher in young children (0–4 years; OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 2.2–3.4), children (5–14 years; OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1) and patients infected with the A(H3N2) subtype (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.14–1.79). Also, we found a significantly higher frequency of coinfections involving influenza and 2 or more other respiratory viruses in young children (0–4 years; OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.32–0.8), adults (40–64 years; OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9) and women (OR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9). Discussion: These results show that coinfections of influenza and ORVs are more frequent in young children and children, and in cases involving the A(H3N2) influenza subtype. Our findings can be useful to guide the use of multiplex diagnostic methods in laboratories with limited resources. Resumen: Introducción: Las coinfecciones por gripe y otros virus respiratorios (OVR) durante las epidemias gripales son frecuentes. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las variables demográficas y virológicas relacionadas con las coinfecciones entre la gripe y OVR. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio se analizaron muestras respiratorias de 8 epidemias gripales consecutivas (desde la temporada 2011–2012 hasta la temporada 2018–2019), en las que se había detectado un resultado positivo de gripe mediante test en laboratorio. Analizamos los datos objetivándolos frente a diferentes variables: edad, sexo, tipo de paciente (hospitalizado/centinela) y tipo/subtipo de gripe detectada. Resultados: Las coinfecciones entre gripe y OVR se detectaron en el 17,8% de los casos positivos de gripe. En los niños de entre 0-4 años (OR: 2,7; IC 95%: 2,2–3,4), los niños de entre 5-14 años (OR: 1,6; IC 95%: 1,2–2,1) y los pacientes infectados por el subtipo A(H3N2) (OR: 1,4; IC 95%: 1,14–1,79), se detectó una probabilidad significativamente mayor de detectar estas coinfecciones. Además, observamos que las coinfecciones entre gripe y 2 o más OVR fueron llamativamente más frecuentes en niños de 0–4 años (OR: 0,5; IC 95%: 0,32–0,8), en adultos de entre 40–64 años (OR: 0,5; IC 95%: 0,3–0,9) y en mujeres (OR: 0,7; IC 95%: 0,5–0,9). Discusión: Estos resultados muestran que las coinfecciones entre gripe y OVR son más frecuentes en niños de 0–4 años y de 5–14 años, y en los casos en los que el subtipo A(H3N2) está implicado. Estos datos pueden ser útiles para enfocar el diagnóstico mediante métodos multiplex en aquellos laboratorios que posean pocos recursos económicos y humanos.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: As infeções das vias aéreas superiores (IVAS) em crianças são dos motivos mais comuns de consulta aguda nos cuidados de saúde primários e habitualmente têm bom prognóstico. No entanto, em certos quadros clínicos, as complicações ou doenças menos comuns, como a miosite, devem ser consideradas. Descrição do caso: Uma criança de oito anos de idade, previamente saudável, foi observada pela primeira vez no centro de saúde em novembro de 2019 por tosse e febre com dois dias de evolução, sem alterações de relevo no exame objetivo – foi assumida uma IVAS e prescrito tratamento com antipirético e reforço da hidratação oral. O doente volta três dias depois à unidade com manutenção do quadro clínico, marcha anormal e dor na região posterior da perna, na região dos músculos gastrocnemius bilateralmente. Ao exame objetivo e neurológico, além da alteração da marcha, não apresentava outros achados. Pela evolução suspeita do quadro foi referenciado para o serviço de urgência pediátrico hospitalar para avaliação. Não foram encontradas outras alterações ao exame objetivo. Foi submetido a estudo analítico, que revelou uma creatina cinase (CK) de 7110U/L, mioglobina de 1935ng/ml e aspartato aminotransferase (AST) de 191U/L, sem alteração de função renal. Perante resultados sugestivos de miosite foi decidido internamento para fluidoterapia intravenosa. Em regime de internamento foi realizado aspirado nasofaríngeo para cultura e virologia, que testou positivo para vírus Influenza B; foi, assim, assumido o diagnóstico de miosite vírica por Influenza B. O doente recebeu tratamento com oseltamivir durante quatro dias em regime de internamento, com boa resposta. Teve alta hospitalar após estes quatro dias, assintomático e com indicação para repouso e reforço da hidratação oral. Comentário: Devemos estar atentos a sintomas menos comuns em casos de presumíveis de IVAS e aumentar a acessibilidade dos cuidados de saúde primários para reavaliações de certos casos.

Immunosenescence is the gradual deterioration of the immune system caused by advancing age. It is associated with a reduced ability to respond to infections and develop long-term immune memory. It plays a key role in the development of respiratory diseases that are more common in older people, such as asthma, COPD, diffuse interstitial disease and respiratory infections in the elderly.We call immune fitness the establishment of lifestyle habits that can improve our immune capacity. We now know that good eating habits, good social relationships, not smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, exercising, controlling stress levels and establishing a proper vaccination programme can slow down the process of immunosenescence.Influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (PCV13 and PPSV23 conjugate) are well established in the adult vaccination schedule. The new pneumococcal vaccines PCV15 and PCV20 will help to extend protection against pneumococcal disease in adults. The vaccine against COVID-19 is currently the most useful tool to prevent the disease and reduce its pathogenicity. COPD patients and others with respiratory diseases may benefit from prevention of herpes zoster and Bordetella pertussis through vaccination. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine may be another vaccine to be added to the schedule, pending the results of its studies. Resumen: La inmunosenescencia es el deterioro gradual del sistema inmune provocado por el avance de la edad. Se asocia a una menor capacidad para responder a las infecciones y desarrollar memoria inmune a largo plazo. Es parte fundamental en el desarrollo de las enfermedades respiratorias más frecuentes en edades avanzadas, como el asma, la EPOC, la patología intersticial difusa y las infecciones respiratorias del anciano.Llamamos fitness inmunológico al establecimiento de unos hábitos de vida que puedan mejorar nuestra capacidad inmunitaria. Actualmente sabemos que tener buenos hábitos alimentarios, buenas relaciones sociales, no fumar, limitar el consumo de alcohol, hacer ejercicio, controlar los niveles de estrés y establecer un correcto programa de vacunación permiten ralentizar el proceso de inmunosenescencia.Las vacunas de la gripe y las antineumocócicas (la conjugada PCV13 y la PPSV23) están bien establecidas en el calendario vacunal del adulto. Las nuevas vacunas antineumocócicas PCV15 y PCV20 van a servir para ampliar la protección contra la enfermedad neumocócica en el adulto. La vacuna contra la COVID-19 es, en el momento actual, la herramienta más útil para prevenir la enfermedad y disminuir su patogenicidad. Los pacientes con EPOC y otros con enfermedades respiratorias podrían beneficiarse de la prevención del herpes zóster y Bordetella pertussis mediante la vacunación. La vacuna contra el virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) puede ser otra de las siguientes que formen parte de este calendario, en espera de los resultados de sus estudios.

A lo largo de la historia diferentes pandemias han asolado a la humanidad. De todas ellas, salvo de la Covid-19, pues aún no ha habido tiempo de llevarla a la gran pantalla, ha habido numerosas representaciones en el cine comercial, algunas muy relevantes desde el punto de vista de la calidad cinematográfica y de la calidad científica con la que están documentados los guiones. Sería inalcanzable enumerar todas y cada una de ellas. Por tanto, en este artículo se plantea ofrecer a los lectores un ejemplo de cada una de estas pandemias (Peste, Viruela, Cólera, Gripe y VIH) que pueden ser útiles para la docencia y para la educación sanitaria de la población.

Introduction: The aetiological ignorance of the 1918 flu, added to the high mortality that it caused, led to the appearance of a multitude of drugs and health products to tackle it. Objective: To analyze the advertisements that were published in the Spanish press during the influenza epidemic of 1918. Methodology: A selection of advertisements containing the concept 'influenza' was made in the newspapers of the digital newspaper library of the National Library of Spain, between January 1, 1918 and December 31, 1920. Results: There was an increase in the frequency of publication of advertisements, which were characterized by the description of the product to be offered and its validity against the epidemic of flu. Conclusions: It is observed the great advertising coverage that newspapers gave to the influenza epidemic of 1918 and the large number of advertisements that emerged to cure the disease, which produced a huge impact on spanish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proponho uma reflexão sobre as ações Karitiana em função da Covid-19. Até a chegada da doença, o grupo realizou medidas preventivas, valendo-se de sua Festa dos Remédios e, ao mesmo tempo, atendendo às recomendações não indígenas no enfrentamento da gripe. Contudo, após a contaminação generalizada e a ocorrência de dois falecimentos em hospitais, os Karitiana decidiram concentrar-se apenas nos seus próprios meios de cura. Procuro desvendar os fundamentos dessa decisão.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O centenário do ciclo inicial da pandemia de influenza foi observado mundialmente em 2018, causando morbimortalidade estimada em 50 milhões, influenciando negativamente na expectativa de vida mundial e impactando de maneira positiva os investimentos dos grandes laboratórios multinacionais em inovação tecnológica para o lançamento de novas vacinas contra o vírus H1N1. Os métodos de prospecção tecnológica são instrumentos orientadores do futuro e construtores dos conhecimentos aplicados na transformação dos produtos, processos e serviços que podem ser inseridos no mercado, esse ciclo criador consiste no principal objetivo da inovação tecnológica. Diante disso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um mapeamento de tecnologias relacionadas ao vírus influenza, visando identificar produtos e processos que estão sendo criados para combater o vírus no Brasil. Em relação à metodologia, foi realizado um mapeamento na base do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) utilizando a palavra vírus influenza. Como resultado, verifica-se o reduzido número de tecnologias desenvolvidas e depositadas no banco de patentes, demonstrando desconhecimento tecnológico por parte da gestão pública de saúde nacional na busca da viabilização e bem-estar populacional.

Se revisa someramente la historia de los virus gripales y los pasos dados desde que se utilizó masivamente la primera vacuna de virus completos, hasta la descripción de las distintas vías de vehiculizar o de administrar la hemaglutinina de las que disponemos en la actualidad, en aras de mejorar la respuesta inmune y por tanto la protección clínica de toda la población. Se exponen brevemente los requisitos que debería cumplir una futura vacuna “universal” para que pudiera ser usada con carácter sistemático y los distintos proyectos en marcha.

During pregnancy, physiological changes in the immune response make pregnant women more susceptible to serious infection, increasing the risk for the mother as well as the foetus, newborn and infant. All women should be correctly and fully vaccinated as they enter their reproductive years, especially against diseases such as tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, rubella and varicella. In addition to the recommended vaccines, in risk situations, inactivated vaccines could be administered to women who were not correctly vaccinated before, while attenuated vaccines are contraindicated. Despite the fact that vaccination during pregnancy is a very important preventive measure and the existing recommendations from public health authorities, scientific societies and health professionals, the vaccination coverage could clearly be improved, especially against influenza and SARS-CoV-2, so any health professional involved in the care of pregnant women should proactively recommend these vaccines. The Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), through its Advisory Committee on Vaccines, and the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO) recommend vaccination against the following diseases during pregnancy: against influenza and COVID-19, in any trimester of pregnancy and during the postpartum period (up to 6 months post birth) in women not vaccinated during pregnancy; against pertussis, with the Tdap vaccine, between weeks 27 and 36 of gestation (in the CAV-AEP recommendations, preferably between weeks 27 and 28); and against RSV, with RSVPreF, between weeks 24 and 36 of gestation, preferably between weeks 32 and 36., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introdução: As pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo apresentam uma elevada probabilidade de desenvolverem doenças crónicas, o que as predispõe a complicações graves caso sejam infetadas com a gripe. Os objetivos deste estudo transversal foram identificar os critérios de elegibilidade e avaliar o impacto da vacinação contra influenza sazonal de pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo de Lisboa durante uma campanha vacinal. Material e métodos: A população alvo inclui pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo da região de Lisboa, no período compreendido entre 30 de novembro e 6 de dezembro de 2015. Todas as pessoas envolvidas deram o seu consentimento. Considerou-se significância estatística para valor de p inferior a 0,01. Resultados: Das 818 pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo em Lisboa, 382 (47%) foram vacinadas para influenza na época 2015/16. Das 269 pessoas sem-abrigo seguidas, 179 (67%) eram portadoras de uma ou mais doenças crónicas, 68 (25%) tinham antecedentes clínicos de infeções respiratórias, mas apenas 19 (28%) tiveram esse diagnóstico durante o Inverno de 2015-2016. Na sequência desta campanha de vacinação verificou-se uma redução significativa das infeções respiratórias (p

Between 1889-1890, an influenza pandemic ravaged the world, 30 years before the «Spanish flu». Despite its importance, it has not been the object of much attention, due to the difficulty of access to statistical sources that would allow its study. In this article we intend to analyse the impact of the influenza pandemic, known as the «Russian flu», in the municipality of Guimarães, with special emphasis on the pace of the pandemic and on the levels of mortality and morbidity. It was found that the lack of knowledge about the aetiology of influenza explains the ineffectiveness of the authorities, but, despite this, it is noted that the impact on mortality of the 1889-1890 influenza was much less than that of the «Spanish flu». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publicaciones de la Real Academia de Ciencias de La Habana evidencian la participación de sus miembros en el estudio y control de la gripe de 1918. En el tomo 55 (1918-1919) de los Anales de la Academia de Ciencias Médicas, Físicas y Naturales de La Habana , se muestra el alcance de la pandemia en Cuba y la participación de la Academia en el enfrentamiento a la situación sanitaria creada por la gripe. Los miembros de la Academia de La Habana participaron en investigaciones, procedimientos e indicaciones acerca de cómo debía ser enfrentada la gripe de 1918-1919, que en su momento presentó características similares a la actual pandemia provocada por el Sars-Cov-2. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la correspondencia de las acciones orientadas por la institución en ese período con las que se desarrollan en la actualidad para la contención de la COVID-19.

Introduction: Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season., Methods: Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated., Results: A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (-21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa = 60.9%; -2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa = 56.7%; 1.5-80.9)., Conclusion: Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La gripe española, pese a ser una epidemia olvidada en Argentina, suscitó un fuerte impacto, tanto en la tasa de mortalidad del territorio nacional como en variados aspectos de la vida social, política, cultural y económica del país. En ese sentido, si bien se han realizado estudios desde perspectivas notoriamente enriquecedoras, no se ha planteado un abordaje que recupere las representaciones que realizaron, durante el brote, periódicos y revistas de circulación masiva. A partir de ese vacío historiográfico, el presente estudio pretende realizar un análisis de caricaturas e historietas colocadas en la reconocida revista argentina Caras y Caretas, intentando arrojar luz acerca de las diferentes formas en que la dolencia era presentada a su profuso público. El análisis, según lo venimos anticipando, nos lleva a proponer un abordaje anclado en una metodología de trabajo fundamentalmente cualitativa, definida a partir de la articulación del análisis histórico hermenéutico y del estudio de contenido, recuperando para este último algunas herramientas que nos otorga la sociosemiótica. Se trabajará sobre un conjunto de imágenes seleccionadas a partir de su contenido, en términos de los datos que arrojan sobre las condiciones de producción del discurso.

Introducción: La cobertura vacunal de gripe y neumonía son bajas en la Comunidad Valenciana. La farmacia comunitaria es un recurso sanitario asistencial de atención primaria que puede ayudar a detectar pacientes de riesgo susceptibles de vacunación que no han sido vacunados. Objetivos: Investigar las causas de los que no quieren vacunarse e intervenir para que se vacunen. Material y métodos: Estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental realizado en 11 farmacias de la Comunidad Valenciana a pacientes con patología respiratoria en los que estaba indicada la vacunación antigripal y/o antineumocócica. Resultados: Participaron 392 pacientes. El 53% y el 12% estaban vacunados para gripe y neumonía respectivamente. Tres pacientes estaban vacunados sólo de neumonía. Los hombres se vacunan más que las mujeres en ambas patologías encontrándose diferencias significativas. Pacientes con niveles de estudios altos se vacunan menos, aunque no es significativo. Uno de cada cuatro pacientes a los que se recomendó vacunarse de gripe refirió vacunarse, aumentando la tasa de vacunación al 65%. Para la vacuna antineumocócica refirieron vacunarse el 7%, lo que supuso un incremento del 18%. Discusión: La cobertura vacunal en la Comunidad Valenciana no alcanza los objetivos propuestos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), algunos pacientes tienen reparos a vacunarse. Es necesario revisar el impacto y los mensajes de las campañas de vacunación. Los farmacéuticos comunitarios pueden mejorar esta situación. Conclusiones: La intervención de la farmacia comunitaria aumenta el número de pacientes de riesgo dispuestos a vacunarse de la gripe y la neumonía, por lo que contar con el apoyo de la farmacia comunitaria podría potenciar y mejorar los resultados del sistema sanitario.

Este estudio propone examinar la incidencia de la pandemia más cruenta del siglo XX en una ciudad del interior de la Argentina. La denominada “grippe española” sobrevino en dos etapas, durante 1918 y 1919, generando configuraciones socio-demográficas particulares. A partir de un abordaje cuanti-cualitativo, anclado en fuentes periodísticas y estadísticas oficiales, nuestra indagación pretende colocar en perspectiva el caso de la ciudad de Córdoba, en la región central del país, que mostraría rasgos específicos. Analizamos el desarrollo de la enfermedad considerando dos variables clave: el impacto por edad y sexo y su desarrollo en términos espaciales. Partimos de entender que existiría una correlación entre distribución geográfica, niveles de pobreza y condiciones sanitarias, análisis que se desarrollará sólo para la segunda oleada, debido a que tuvo un mayor impacto en términos de la mortalidad.

The common cold is an infectious, self-limiting disease that can be caused by several infectious agents, such as rhinovirus and coronavirus, which are responsible for most of all common colds. The flu infection is an acute respiratory disease caused mainly by the influenza virus, it is more serious than the common cold. Colds and flu are the main flu syndromes that affect the human body. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and its effects can be significant in conditions where oxidative stress increases, and has a physiological antioxidant effect, protecting host cells against oxidative stress caused by infections. Scientific evidence does not establish the use of vitamin C supplementation in the prevention of flu-like syndromes, vitamin C was identified in the early 1900s and suggestions that one of its biological roles may be that of resisting infections are supported by numerous studies with animals. However, regular vitamin C supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the duration of the common cold episodes that occurred during the prophylactic supplementation period in children and adults. Regular supplementation trials have shown that vitamin C affects the duration and severity of colds without changing its incidence in the general population, and there is evidence that administering vitamin C therapeutically, starting immediately after the first symptoms, has significant treatment results flu-like syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I propose a reflection about the Karitiana actions due to Covid-19. Until the arrival of the disease, the group carried out preventive measures, making use of its Remedies Festival and, at the same time, complying with the non-indigenous recommendations to deal with the flu. However, after widespread contamination and two deaths in hospitals, the Karitiana decided to focus only on their own means of cure. I try to find out the reasons for this decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conocer las coberturas de vacunación frente a gripe estacional y neumococo en pacientes reumatológicos con terapia biológica. Identificar las variables que predicen adherencia a la vacunación. Estudio transversal. Se incluyeron los pacientes reumatológicos que iniciaron terapia biológica entre el 01/01/2016 y el 31/12/2016 en un hospital autonómico de referencia. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, relacionadas con el diagnóstico, médico prescriptor, derivación a la Unidad de Vacunas y vacunación frente a neumococo con vacuna conjugada de 13 serotipos (VNC13) y polisacárida de 23 serotipos (VNP23), así como gripe estacional (2016/17). Se realizó análisis univariante, bivariante (Chi-cuadrado) y multivariante (regresión logística). Se consideró significativa una p < 0,05 y se utilizó el programa PASW v.18. Se incluyeron 222 pacientes. Las coberturas de vacunación fueron: VNC13, 80,2%; VNP23v, 77,9%; gripe 2016/17, 78,8%; VNC13 + VNP23, 75,2%; VNC13 + VNP23 + gripe 2016/17, 68,9%. La espondilitis axial registró las coberturas más altas (> 80%) para la vacunación antineumocócica y en combinación con la antigripal. El 27% de los pacientes no fueron derivados a la Unidad. El médico prescriptor se asoció de manera estadísticamente significativa con cada una de las vacunas y sus combinaciones, pero fue la derivación a la Unidad de Vacunas la que se asoció de manera independiente con las mayores coberturas de vacunación (p < 0,001) en todos los casos. Comparando con la literatura científica, consideramos que las coberturas frente a neumococo y gripe en estos pacientes son elevadas. La derivación de estos pacientes a la Unidad de Vacunas resulta clave para garantizar una correcta inmunización y minimizar así algunos de los posibles efectos adversos infecciosos de las terapias biológicas. Vaccination coverage for seasonal influenza and pneumococcus in rheumatology patients receiving biological treatment. To identify variables that predict vaccination adherence. Descriptive cross-sectional study. The study involved rheumatology patients who initiated biological therapy between 01/01/2016 and 12/31/2016 in a regional referral hospital. Variables included sociodemographic information, diagnostic data, treating physician, referral to the vaccine unit and vaccination against pneumococcus with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), as well as seasonal influenza (2016/17). Univariate, bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were performed. The differences were considered significant (P <.05) and the PASW v.18 software package was used. In all, 222 patients were included. Vaccination coverage was: PCV13, 80.2%; PPSV23, 77.9%; influenza 2016/17, 78.8%; PCV13 + PPSV23, 75.2%; PCV13 + PPSV23 + influenza 2016/17, 68.9%. Axial spondylitis had the highest coverage (> 80%) for pneumococcal vaccination and combination of pneumococcal with influenza. Overall, 27% of the patients were not referred to the unit. The treating physician was associated with statistical significance in each vaccine alone or combined, but referral to the vaccine unit was independently associated with the highest vaccination coverage (P <.001) in all cases. Compared to the scientific literature, we consider that the coverage of our patients against pneumococcus and influenza is high. Referral of these patients to the vaccine unit is the key to guarantee a correct immunization and to minimize some of the possible infectious adverse effects of biological therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Influenza is a generally a benign disease, but occasionally it can cause serious complications. There is controversy about the benefits of antiviral treatment. Objectives: To provide some recommendations on the treatment with oseltamivir in paediatric patients with influenza, based on the best data available and valid in our environment. Methods: The Respiratory Infections Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases carried out a review of the literature. The findings were analysed using the GRADE methodology, and recommendations were made. Results: The systematic use of diagnostic tests for influenza in the outpatient setting, or in the emergency room, in immunocompetent patients with a compatible clinical picture is not recommended. If the aim is to prevent serious events, the use of antivirals is not recommended for the vast majority of healthy and asthmatic patients with influenza or suspected seasonal flu. The systematic use of oseltamivir in patients admitted to hospital with influenza is not recommended. Oseltamivir treatment is recommended in any patients with influenza and pneumonia or severe illness, and critically ill patients, especially during the first 48 h of illness. The treatment of patients with risk factors is recommended, considering their underlying disease. Influenza vaccination, together with basic isolation measures, continue to be the main tool in the prevention of influenza. Conclusion: In some situations, there are sufficient data to issue clear recommendations. In other situations, the data are incomplete, and only allows weak recommendations. Resumen: Introducción: La gripe es una enfermedad generalmente benigna, pero en ocasiones puede ocasionar complicaciones graves. Existe controversia sobre los beneficios del tratamiento con antivirales. Objetivos: Proporcionar unas recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento con oseltamivir en pacientes pediátricos con gripe, basadas en los mejores datos disponibles y válidas en nuestro medio. Métodos: El Grupo de Infecciones Respiratorias de la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica llevó a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía. Los hallazgos se analizaron mediante la metodología GRADE, y se elaboraron unas recomendaciones. Resultados: No se recomienda el uso sistemático de pruebas diagnósticas para la gripe en el ámbito ambulatorio y en urgencias hospitalarias en pacientes inmunocompetentes con un cuadro clínico compatible. No se recomienda el uso de antivirales a la gran mayoría de los pacientes sanos y asmáticos con gripe o sospecha de gripe estacional, si el objetivo es prevenir eventos graves. No se recomienda el uso de oseltamivir de forma sistemática en pacientes hospitalizados con gripe. Se recomienda tratar con oseltamivir a los pacientes con gripe y neumonía o enfermedad grave o a los pacientes críticos, especialmente durante las primeras 48 h de enfermedad. Se recomienda el tratamiento de los pacientes con factores de riesgo, teniendo en cuenta su enfermedad de base. La vacunación antigripal, junto a las medidas básicas de evitación, continúan siendo la principal herramienta en la prevención de la gripe. Conclusión: En algunas situaciones hay datos suficientes para emitir recomendaciones claras. En otras situaciones los datos son incompletos y solo permiten hacer recomendaciones débiles.

Objective: To translate, adapt and validate the psychometric properties of MoVac-flu scale in order to be used in Spanish., Method: The present research was an analytical observational study of cross-cultural adaptation and validation into Spanish of the MoVac-flu scale. It has been carried out between the months of March and July 2022. The sample size was 142 people who were obtained by consecutive sampling. The processes used for the adaptation have been translation, validation by a committee of experts, back-translation and pilot test. For validation, the psychometric properties of reliability, internal consistency, appearance validity, content validity, utility and ceiling-floor effect have been verified., Results: The internal consistency of the MoVac-flu scale in its version translated into Spanish was high, showing a McDonald's ω of 0.914., Conclusions: The MoVac-flu scale in Spanish allows to measure the degree of motivation towards vaccination against influenza in the adult population., (Copyright © 2023 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Influenza is a classic infectious disease that, through the continuous variation of the viruses that produce it, imposes new challenges that we must solve as quickly as possible. The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially modified the behavior of influenza and other respiratory viruses, and in the coming years we will have to coexist with a new pathogen that will probably interact with existing pathogens in a way that we cannot yet glimpse. However, knowledge prior to the pandemic allows us to focus on the aspects that must be modified to make influenza an acceptable challenge for the future. In this review, emphasis is placed on the most relevant aspects of epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, and vaccine prevention, and how scientific and clinical trends in these aspects flow from the previously known to future challenges., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)