Matthew J. Ellis, Mary Stuart, Alexey Manikhas, John F.R. Robertson, Mehdi Fazal, Kwok-Leung Cheung, Ekaterina Trishkina, Manuel Ruiz-Borrego, Lynda Grinsted, Lawrence Panasci, Igor Bondarenko, Servando Cardona-Huerta, Manuel Jesus Philco-Salas, M. Dvorkin, Zhimin Shao, Yaroslav Shparyk, Jacqui Rowbottom, Shinzaburo Noguchi, [Robertson, John F. R.] Univ Nottingham, Royal Derby Hosp, Sch Med, Div Med Sci & Grad Entry Med, Derby, England, [Cheung, Kwok-Leung] Univ Nottingham, Royal Derby Hosp, Sch Med, Div Med Sci & Grad Entry Med, Derby, England, [Bondarenko, Igor M.] Dnipropetrovsk State Med Acad, Dept Oncol, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, [Trishkina, Ekaterina] Leningrad Reg Oncol Dispensary, St Petersburg, Russia, [Dvorkin, Mikhail] Clin Oncol Dispensary, Omsk, Russia, [Panasci, Lawrence] Jewish Gen Hosp, Dept Oncol, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Manikhas, Alexey] City Clin Oncol Dispensary, St Petersburg, Russia, [Shparyk, Yaroslav] Lviv State Oncol Reg Treatment & Diagnost Ctr, Lvov, Ukraine, [Cardona-Huerta, Servando] Tecnol Monterrey, Breast Canc Ctr, Monterrey, Mexico, [Philco-Salas, Manuel Jesus] Inst Oncol Lima, Unidad Invest, Lima, Peru, [Ruiz-Borrego, Manuel] Hosp Univ Virgen Rocio, Seville, Spain, [Shao, Zhimin] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Canc Ctr, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Noguchi, Shinzaburo] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Breast & Endocrine Surg, Osaka, Japan, [Rowbottom, Jacqui] AstraZeneca, Alderley Pk, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, [Stuart, Mary] AstraZeneca, Alderley Pk, Macclesfield, Cheshire, England, [Grinsted, Lynda M.] AstraZeneca, Cambridge, England, [Fazal, Mehdi] AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD USABaylor Coll Med, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Ctr, Houston, TX USA, and AstraZeneca
Summary Background Aromatase inhibitors are a standard of care for hormone receptor-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. We investigated whether the selective oestrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant could improve progression-free survival compared with anastrozole in postmenopausal patients who had not received previous endocrine therapy. Methods In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind trial, we recruited eligible patients with histologically confirmed oestrogen receptor-positive or progesterone receptor-positive, or both, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer from 113 academic hospitals and community centres in 20 countries. Eligible patients were endocrine therapy-naive, with WHO performance status 0–2, and at least one measurable or non-measurable lesion. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular injection; on days 0, 14, 28, then every 28 days thereafter) or anastrozole (1 mg orally daily) using a computer-generated randomisation scheme. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival, determined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1·1, intervention by surgery or radiotherapy because of disease deterioration, or death from any cause, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety outcomes were assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of randomised treatment (including placebo). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01602380. Findings Between Oct 17, 2012, and July 11, 2014, 524 patients were enrolled to this study. Of these, 462 patients were randomised (230 to receive fulvestrant and 232 to receive anastrozole). Progression-free survival was significantly longer in the fulvestrant group than in the anastrozole group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·797, 95% CI 0·637–0·999, p=0·0486). Median progression-free survival was 16·6 months (95% CI 13·83–20·99) in the fulvestrant group versus 13·8 months (11·99–16·59) in the anastrozole group. The most common adverse events were arthralgia (38 [17%] in the fulvestrant group vs 24 [10%] in the anastrozole group) and hot flushes (26 [11%] in the fulvestrant group vs 24 [10%] in the anastrozole group). 16 (7%) of 228 patients in in the fulvestrant group and 11 (5%) of 232 patients in the anastrozole group discontinued because of adverse events. Interpretation Fulvestrant has superior efficacy and is a preferred treatment option for patients with hormone receptor-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have not received previous endocrine therapy compared with a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, a standard of care for first-line treatment of these patients. Funding AstraZeneca.