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In questo libro, a cura di Rita Capurro, Anna Galli e Gregorio Taccola, è presentato un inedito studio interdisciplinare dedicato a Quarto Stato, il capolavoro di Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo esposto al Museo del Novecento di Milano. L'intervento su quest'Opera si inserisce come caso studio in un importante progetto multidisciplinare finanziato da Regione Lombardia nell'ambito di un ampio intervento nel quadro dei Fondi Europei di Sviluppo Regionale, FESR, previsto nel Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON). Il progetto propone lo sviluppo, la sperimentazione e l'adozione di una piattaforma tecnologica mobile- la piattaforma MOBARTECH - che integra competenze e capacità culturali, sociali e creative con tecnologie abilitanti, quali Information Technology, tecnologie fisiche diagnostiche non invasive, dispositivi e metodi di acquisizione ed elaborazione delle immagini, tecnologie e metodologie per la conservazione e il restauro, sistemi di logistica intelligente, tecnologie di public interaction e di infotainment (information + entertainment), per l'erogazione di servizi ad elevato valore aggiunto applicati ai Beni storico-artistici. Al progetto prendono parte quattro dipartimenti dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca (Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale, Dipartimento di Scienza dell'Ambiente e della Terra e il Dipartimento di Scienze Umane per la Formazione "Riccardo Massa") in partnership con altre importanti istituzioni italiane di ricerca scientifica quali l'Università di Milano, l'Università Cattolica, l'Istituto IBFM del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR, l'Istituto Eucentre, e con la società ARTERIA , che è capofila del progetto, l'azienda XGLab del gruppo Bruker e la società Space.

Background and Purpose: Clinical trials on stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation have consistently shown clinical benefit from either warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). NOAC-treated patients have consistently reported to be at lower risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) than warfarin-treated patients. The aims of this prospective, multicenter, multinational, unmatched, case-control study were (1) to investigate for risk factors that could predict ICH occurring in patients with atrial fibrillation during NOAC treatment and (2) to evaluate the role of CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores in the same setting. Methods: Cases were consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who had ICH during NOAC treatment. Controls were consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who did not have ICH during NOAC treatment. As within the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores there are some risk factors in common, several multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify independent prespecified predictors for ICH events. Results: Four hundred nineteen cases (mean age, 78.8±8.1 years) and 1526 controls (mean age, 76.0±10.3 years) were included in the study. From the different models performed, independent predictors of ICH were increasing age, concomitant use of antiplatelet agents, active malignancy, high risk of fall, hyperlipidemia, low clearance of creatinine, peripheral artery disease, and white matter changes. Low doses of NOACs (given according to label or not) and congestive heart failure were inversely associated with the risk of ICH. HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2-VASc scores performed poorly in predicting ICH with areas under the curves of 0.496 (95% CI, 0.468-0.525) and 0.530 (95% CI, 0.500-0.560), respectively. Conclusions: Several risk factors were associated to ICH in patients treated with NOACs for stroke prevention but not HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2-VASc scores. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The aim of this study in patients with acute posterior ischaemic stroke (PS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) was to evaluate (1) the risks of recurrent ischaemic event and severe bleeding and (2) these risks in relation with oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) and its timing. Materials and Methods: Patients with PS were prospectively included; the outcome events of these patients were compared with those of patients with anterior stroke (AS) which were taken from previous registries. The primary outcome was the composite of stroke recurrence, transient ischaemic attack, symptomatic systemic embolism, symptomatic cerebral bleeding and major extracranial bleeding occurring within 90 days from acute stroke. Results: A total of 2470 patients were available for the analysis: 473 (19.1%) with PS and 1997 (80.9%) with AS. Over 90 days, 213 (8.6%) primary outcome events were recorded: 175 (8.7%) in patients with AS and 38 (8.0%) in those with PS. In patients who initiated OAT within 2 days, the primary outcome occurred in 5 out of 95 patients (5.3%) with PS compared to 21 out of 373 patients (4.3%) with AS (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.39–2.94). In patients who initiated OAT between days 3 and 7, the primary outcome occurred in 3 out of 103 patients (2.9%) with PS compared to 26 out of 490 patients (5.3%) with AS (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.16–1.80). Discussion: our findings suggest that, when deciding the time to initiate oral anticoagulation, the location of stroke, either anterior or posterior, does not predict the risk of outcome events. Conclusions: Patients with PS or AS and AF appear to have similar risks of ischaemic or haemorrhagic events at 90 days with no difference concerning the timing of initiation of OAT. © European Stroke Organisation 2020.

Background and Purpose-Despite treatment with oral anticoagulants, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) may experience ischemic cerebrovascular events. The aims of this case-control study in patients with AF were to identify the pathogenesis of and the risk factors for cerebrovascular ischemic events occurring during non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) therapy for stroke prevention. Methods-Cases were consecutive patients with AF who had acute cerebrovascular ischemic events during NOAC treatment. Controls were consecutive patients with AF who did not have cerebrovascular events during NOACs treatment. Results-Overall, 713 cases (641 ischemic strokes and 72 transient ischemic attacks; median age, 80.0 years; interquartile range, 12; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission, 6.0; interquartile range, 10) and 700 controls (median age, 72.0 years; interquartile range, 8) were included in the study. Recurrent stroke was classified as cardioembolic in 455 cases (63.9%) according to the A-S-C-O-D (A, atherosclerosis; S, small vessel disease; C, cardiac pathology; O, other causes; D, dissection) classification. On multivariable analysis, off-label low dose of NOACs (odds ratio [OR], 3.18; 95% CI, 1.95-5.85), atrial enlargement (OR, 6.64; 95% CI, 4.63-9.52), hyperlipidemia (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.83-3.16), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR, 1.72 for each point increase; 95% CI, 1.58-1.88) were associated with ischemic events. Among the CHA2DS2-VASc components, age was older and presence of diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack more common in patients who had acute cerebrovascular ischemic events. Paroxysmal AF was inversely associated with ischemic events (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33-0.61). Conclusions-In patients with AF treated with NOACs who had a cerebrovascular event, mostly but not exclusively of cardioembolic pathogenesis, off-label low dose, atrial enlargement, hyperlipidemia, and high CHA2DS2-VASc score were associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular events. © 2019 American Heart Association, Inc.

Every year throughout the world > 50 million vehicles reach the end of their life, producing millions of tons of automotive waste. The current strategies for the separation of the non-ferrous waste fraction, contain mainly aluminum, magnesium, zinc and copper alloys, involve high investment and operational costs, and pose environmental concerns. The European project SHREDDERSORT, in which our research group was actively involved, aimed to overcome this issue by developing a new dry sorting technology for the shredding of non-ferrous automotive wastes. This work represents one step of the complex SHREDDERSORT project, dedicated to the development of a strategy based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the sorting of light alloys. LIBS was here applied in laboratory for the analysis of stationary aluminum shredder samples. To process the LIBS spectra a methodological approach based on artificial neural networks was used. Although separation could in principle be based on simple emission line ratios, the neural networks approach enables more reproducible results, which can accommodate the unavoidable signal variations due to the low intrinsic reproducibility of the LIBS systems. The neural network separated samples into different clusters and estimates their elemental concentrations.

In this communication, an extensive study and its results are presented about the composition of some Etruscan copper alloy findings. The objects came from Tomb 20 of the "Pratino" necropolis in Tuscania, near Viterbo (Italy), dating back to the late Hellenistic period. The excavation and study of the site was granted to the Lorenzo de' Medici Italian International Institute (Ld'M) in 2005. Since 2011, the activity is directed by the Center for Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Studies (CAMNES). The archaeological materials were classified according to their composition

This paper reports the preliminary results obtained from the data acquired during the diagnostic survey, begun in September 2011, to evaluate the state of conservation of the mural Tuttomondo (1989) by Keith Haring (1958-1990). Multispectral imaging technique, ultra-high resolution photography, ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near infrared (NIR) Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), colorimetry, and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis were performed directly on the mural or on samples taken from the mural to support the conservation intervention, which was focused on cleaning and the subsequent consolidation of the painting. These analyses were carried out as part of the research project "Preventive Conservation of Contemporary Art" (COPAC). The COPAC Project is a 2-year research project (2011-2013) financially supported by the Regione Toscana (Tuscany, Italy) in the PAR-FAS program, Disciplinary Framework Science and Technology for the Safeguard and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage. The COPAC 2 Project is a joint effort of research institutions, conservators, city councils, museums, and art collections in Tuscany. COPAC activities are focused mainly on the study of the materials used by contemporary artists to produce their artworks with a twofold goal: defining artworks materials and monitoring their conservation and/or their degradation processes over time. In order to achieve this goal the research team adopted a plan based on the use of several diagnostic methodologies for the study of selected contemporary artworks belonging to museums, galleries, and collections in Tuscany. The purpose of this approach was to acquire as much data as possible about artists' materials and techniques and, also, to monitor both the state-of-conservation of the artworks and the surrounding environmental conditions (Learner, T. 2005; Chiantore, O., Rava, A. 2013). All of the collected data will be used to evaluate the conservation-state of the artworks selected for investigation and to identify their risk factors in order to select the most appropriate preservation practices. The ultimate goal of the COPAC Project is to set up an interactive archive to manage and disseminate the acquired information for the benefit of all of the curatorial and technical participants.