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2. Mental and social wellbeing and the UK coronavirus job retention scheme: Evidence from nine longitudinal studies

Author

Jacques Wels, Booth, Charlotte, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Huggins, Charlotte F., Griffith, Gareth J., Kwong, Alex S.F., Bowyer, Ruth C.E., Maddock, Jane, Patalay, Praveetha, Silverwood, Richard J., Fitzsimons, Emla, Shaw, Richard, Thompson, Ellen J., Steptoe, Andrew, Hughes, Alun, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Steves, Claire J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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4. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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6. Correction: The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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7. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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8. Accounting for bias due to outcome data missing not at random: comparison and illustration of two approaches to probabilistic bias analysis: a simulation study

Author

Kawabata, Emily, primary, Major-Smith, Daniel, additional, Clayton, Gemma L, additional, Shapland, Chin Yang, additional, Morris, Tim P, additional, Carter, Alice R, additional, Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, additional, Borges, Maria Carolina, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Millard, Louise AC, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Lawlor, Deborah A, additional, and Hughes, Rachael A, additional

Published
2024
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9. Expert judgement reveals current and emerging UK climate-mortality burden

Author

Mitchell, Dann, Lo, Y T Eunice, Ball, Emily, Godwin, Joanne L, Andrews, Oliver, Barciela, Rosa, Ford, Lea Berrang, Di Napoli, Claudia, Ebi, Kristie L, Fučkar, Neven S, Gasparrini, Antonio, Golding, Brian, Gregson, Celia L, Griffith, Gareth J, Khalid, Sara, Robinson, Caitlin, Schmidt, Daniela N, Simpson, Charles H, Sparks, Robert Stephen John, and Walker, Josephine G

Abstract

Weather and climate patterns play an intrinsic role in societal health, yet a comprehensive synthesis of specific hazard–mortality causes does not currently exist. Country-level health burdens are thus highly uncertain, but harnessing collective expert knowledge can reduce this uncertainty, and help assess diverse mortality causes beyond what is explicitly quantified. Here, surveying 30 experts, we provide the first structured expert judgement of how weather and climate directly impact mortality, using the UK as an example. Current weather-related mortality is dominated by short-term exposure to hot and cold temperatures leading to cardiovascular and respiratory failure. We find additional underappreciated health outcomes, especially related to long-exposure hazards, including heat-related renal disease, cold-related musculoskeletal health, and infectious diseases from compound hazards. We show potential future worsening of cause-specific mortality, including mental health from flooding or heat, and changes in infectious diseases. Ultimately, this work could serve to develop an expert-based understanding of the climate-related health burden in other countries.

Published
2024
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13. Exploring the impact of selection bias in observational studies of COVID-19: a simulation study

Author

Millard, Louise A C, primary, Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, additional, Carter, Alice R, additional, Hughes, Rachael A, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Morris, Tim P, additional, Major-Smith, Daniel, additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Clayton, Gemma L, additional, Kawabata, Emily, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Lawlor, Deborah A, additional, and Borges, Maria Carolina, additional

Published
2022
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16. Socioeconomic inequality in SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19 outcomes in UK Biobank over the first year of the pandemic: can inequalities be explained by selection bias?

Author

Carter, Alice R, primary, Clayton, Gemma Louise, additional, Borges, Maria Carolina, additional, Howe, Laura D, additional, Hughes, Rachael A, additional, Davey Smith, George, additional, Lawlor, Deborah A, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, and Griffith, Gareth J, additional

Published
2022
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18. Psychological Distress Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in the United Kingdom Based on Coordinated Analyses of 11 Longitudinal Studies

Author

Patel, Kishan, primary, Robertson, Elaine, additional, Kwong, Alex S. F., additional, Griffith, Gareth J., additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Green, Michael J., additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Huggins, Charlotte F., additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Thompson, Ellen J., additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Niedzwiedz, Claire L., additional, Henderson, Morag, additional, Richards, Marcus, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Ploubidis, George B., additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Porteous, David, additional, and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional

Published
2022
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19. Additional file 3 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 3. Meta-Analysis. Table 1. Main analysis excluding studies with ≤5 cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 2. Main analysis excluding studies with ≤2 cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 3. Main analysis excluding studies with zero cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 4. Analysis of change excluding studies with ≤ 5 cell counts. Table 5. Analysis of change excluding studies with ≤ 2 cell counts. Table 6. Analysis of change excluding studies with zero cell counts. Figure set 1. Currently drinks 4+ days/week or 5+ drinks/occasion. Figure set 2. Increased alcohol consumption. Figure set 3. Reduced alcohol consumption. Figure set 4. Currently drinks 5+ drinks/occasion. Figure set 5. Drinks more alcohol units per occasion. Figure set 6. Drinks fewer alcohol units per occasion. Figure set 7. Currently drinks 4+ days/week. Figure set 8. Drinks more frequently. Figure set 9. Drinks less frequently. Figure set 10. Current smoker. Figure set 11. Smoking more. Figure set 12. Smoking less. Figure set 13. Current vaper. Figure set 14. Vaping more. Figure set 15. Vaping less.

Published
2022
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20. Additional file 2 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION
Abstract

Additional file 2. Variable Coding. Contents: Full details of the questions and coding used for each variable and each cohort.

Published
2022
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21. Additional file 3 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 3. Meta-Analysis; Table 1-6; Figure set 1-set 11. Contents: Table 1. Main analysis excluding studies with ≤5 cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 2. Main analysis excluding studies with ≤2 cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 3. Main analysis excluding studies with zero cell counts for exposure-outcome. Table 4. Analysis of change excluding studies with ≤ 5 cell counts. Table 5. Analysis of change excluding studies with ≤ 2 cell counts. Table 6. Analysis of change excluding studies with zero cell counts. Figure set 1: Currently eats 2 or fewer fruit & veg. Figure set 2: Fewer fruit and vegetables. Figure set 3: More fruit and vegetables. Figure set 4: Less than 3 days a week of at least 30 min exercise. Figure set 5: Less time/fewer days of physical exercise. Figure set 6: More time/days of physical exercise. Figure set 7: Sleeps outside ‘Normal Range’ (i.e.

Published
2022
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22. Additional file 4 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 4. Stratified Analysis (Forest plots). Figure set 1 16 31. Currently drinks 4+ days/week or 5+ drinks/occasion. Figure set 2 17 32. Increased alcohol consumption. Figure set 3 18 33. Reduced alcohol consumption. Figure set 4 19 34. Drinks 5+ drinks/occasion. Figure set 5 20 35. Drinks more alcohol units per occasion. Figure set 6 21 36. Drinks fewer alcohol units per occasion. Figure set 7 22 37. Currently drinks 4+ days/week. Figure set 8 23 38. Drinks more frequently. Figure set 9 24 39: Drinks less frequently. Figure set 10 25 40. Current smoker. Figure set 11 26 41. Smoking more. Figure set 12 27 42. Smoking less. Figure set 13 28 43. Current vaper. Figure set 14 29 44. Vaping more. Figure set 15 30 45. Vaping less.

Published
2022
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23. Additional file 4 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 4. Stratified Meta-Analysis; Results stratified by Age (Figure set 1 - set 11); Education (set 12 - set 22); Sex (set 23 - set 33). Contents: Figure set 1; 11; 23: Currently eats 2 or fewer fruit & veg. Figure set 2; 12; 24: Fewer fruit & veg. Figure set 3; 13; 25: More fruit & veg. Figure set 4; 14; 26: Less than 3 days a week of at least 30min exercise. Figure set 5; 15; 27: Less time/ fewer days of physical exercise. Figure set 6; 16; 28: More time/ days of physical exercise. Figure set 7, 17; 29: Sleeps outside ‘Normal Range’ (i.e.

Published
2022
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24. Additional file 2 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 2. Variable Coding.

Published
2022
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25. Additional file 1 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of Studies. Table S2. Ethics and data access statements for each study. Table S3. Sample characteristics by study. Table S4. Employment status change by sex, education, and age-group. Table S5. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and drinking behaviour: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Table S6. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and smoking: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Table S7. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and vaping: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Figure S8. Causal pathways blocked under differing levels of adjustment.

Published
2022
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26. Additional file 1 of The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of Studies. Table S2. Ethics and data access statements for each study. Table S3. Sample characteristics by study. Table S4. Employment status change by gender, education, and age-group. Table S5. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and fruit and vegetable consumption: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Table S6. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and physical activity: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Table S7. Meta-analysed risk ratios and heterogeneity estimates for associations between changes in employment status and sleep: unadjusted, basic & full adjustment results. Figure S8. Causal pathways blocked under differing levels of adjustment.

Published
2022
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28. Exploring the impact of selection bias in observational studies of COVID-19: a simulation study.

Author

Millard, Louise A C, Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, Carter, Alice R, Hughes, Rachael A, Tilling, Kate, Morris, Tim P, Major-Smith, Daniel, Griffith, Gareth J, Clayton, Gemma L, Kawabata, Emily, Smith, George Davey, Lawlor, Deborah A, and Borges, Maria Carolina

Subjects
SELECTION bias (Statistics), COVID-19, SCIENTIFIC observation, BODY mass index, RESEARCH questions, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract

Background Non-random selection of analytic subsamples could introduce selection bias in observational studies. We explored the potential presence and impact of selection in studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 prognosis. Methods We tested the association of a broad range of characteristics with selection into COVID-19 analytic subsamples in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and UK Biobank (UKB). We then conducted empirical analyses and simulations to explore the potential presence, direction and magnitude of bias due to this selection (relative to our defined UK-based adult target populations) when estimating the association of body mass index (BMI) with SARS-CoV-2 infection and death-with-COVID-19. Results In both cohorts, a broad range of characteristics was related to selection, sometimes in opposite directions (e.g. more-educated people were more likely to have data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in ALSPAC, but less likely in UKB). Higher BMI was associated with higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death-with-COVID-19. We found non-negligible bias in many simulated scenarios. Conclusions Analyses using COVID-19 self-reported or national registry data may be biased due to selection. The magnitude and direction of this bias depend on the outcome definition, the true effect of the risk factor and the assumed selection mechanism; these are likely to differ between studies with different target populations. Bias due to sample selection is a key concern in COVID-19 research based on national registry data, especially as countries end free mass testing. The framework we have used can be applied by other researchers assessing the extent to which their results may be biased for their research question of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Exploring selection bias in COVID-19 research: Simulations and prospective analyses of two UK cohort studies

Author

Millard, Louise AC, primary, Fernández-Sanlés, Alba, additional, Carter, Alice R, additional, Hughes, Rachael, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Morris, Tim P, additional, Major-Smith, Daniel, additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Clayton, Gemma L, additional, Kawabata, Emily, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Lawlor, Deborah A, additional, and Borges, Maria Carolina, additional

Published
2021
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33. Mental and social wellbeing and the UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme: evidence from nine longitudinal studies

Author

Wels, Jacques, primary, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Huggins, Charlotte F., additional, Griffith, Gareth J., additional, Kwong, Alex S. F., additional, Bowyer, Ruth C. E., additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Thompson, Ellen J., additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Hughes, Alun, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, and Ploubidis, George B., additional

Published
2021
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34. The UK COVID-19 furlough scheme and associations with smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping: evidence from 8 UK longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., primary, Maddock, Jane, additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Croft, Jazz, additional, Stevenson, Anna J., additional, Huggins, Charlotte F., additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Wels, Jacques, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Hughes, Alun D., additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Howe, Laura D, additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, and Ploubidis, George B., additional

Published
2021
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35. Psychological Distress Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in the United Kingdom: Coordinated Analyses of 11 Longitudinal Studies

Author

Patel, Kishan, primary, Robertson, Elaine, additional, Kwong, Alex S. F., additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Green, Michael J, additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Huggins, Charlotte F., additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Thompson, Ellen J., additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Niedzwiedz, Claire L, additional, Henderson, Morag, additional, Richards, Marcus, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Ploubidis, George B., additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Porteous, David, additional, and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional

Published
2021
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36. Bias from questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 research:an example using ALSPAC [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Author

Fernandez-Sanles, Alba, Smith, Daniel, Clayton, Gemma L, Northstone, Kate, Carter, Alice R, Millard, Louise A C, Borges, Maria C, Timpson, Nicholas John, Tilling, Kate M, Griffith, Gareth J, and Lawlor, Deborah A

Subjects
Selection bias, Questionnaire response, Missing data, COVID-19 risk factors, Questionnaire invitation, COVID-19, Covid19, ALSPAC, Longitudinal study
Abstract

Background: Longitudinal studies are crucial for identifying potential risk factors for infection with, and consequences of, COVID-19, but relationships can be biased if they are associated with invitation and response to data collection. We describe factors relating to questionnaire invitation and response in COVID-19 questionnaire data collection in a multigenerational birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ALSPAC). Methods: We analysed online questionnaires completed between the beginning of the pandemic and easing of the first UK lockdown by participants with valid email addresses who had not actively disengaged from the study. We assessed associations of pre-pandemic sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and health-related factors with: i) being sent a questionnaire; ii) returning a questionnaire; and iii) item response (for specific questions). Analyses were conducted in three cohorts: the index children born in the early 1990s (now young adults; 41 variables assessed), their mothers (35 variables) and the mothers’ partners (27 variables). Results: Of 14,849 young adults, 41% were sent a questionnaire, of whom 57% returned one. Item response was >95%. In this cohort, 78% of factors were associated with being sent a questionnaire, 56% with returning one, and, as an example of item response, 20% with keyworker status response. For instance, children from mothers educated to degree-level had greater odds of being sent a questionnaire (OR=5.59; 95% CI=4.87-6.41), returning one (OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.31-1.95), and responding to items (e.g., keyworker status OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.88-3.04), relative to children from mothers with fewer qualifications. Invitation and response rates and associations were similar in all cohorts. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering potential biases due to non-response when using longitudinal studies in COVID-19 research and interpreting results. We recommend researchers report response rates and factors associated with invitation and response in all COVID-19 observational research studies, which can inform sensitivity analyses.

Published
2021

37. Pre-pandemic mental health and disruptions to healthcare, economic and housing outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK longitudinal studies

Author

Di Gessa, Giorgio, primary, Maddock, Jane, additional, Green, Michael J., additional, Thompson, Ellen J., additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Davies, Helena L., additional, Mundy, Jessica, additional, Stevenson, Anna J., additional, Kwong, Alex S. F., additional, Griffith, Gareth J., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Niedzwiedz, Claire L., additional, Ploubidis, George B., additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Henderson, Morag, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, Chaturvedi, Nish, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Porteous, David J., additional, and Patalay, Praveetha, additional

Published
2021
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42. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and changes in diet, physical activity and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from eight longitudinal studies

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, primary, Maddock, Jane, additional, Green, Michael J., additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Croft, Jazz, additional, Stevenson, Anna J., additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, Bann, David, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Hughes, Alun D., additional, Chaturvedi, Nish, additional, Howe, Laura D, additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, and Ploubidis, George B., additional

Published
2021
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43. Pre-pandemic mental health and disruptions to healthcare, economic, and housing outcomes during COVID –19: evidence from 12 UK longitudinal studies

Author

Gessa, Giorgio Di, primary, Maddock, Jane, additional, Green, Michael J., additional, Thompson, Ellen J., additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Davies, Helena L., additional, Mundy, Jessica, additional, Stevenson, Anna J., additional, Kwong, Alex S.F., additional, Griffith, Gareth J., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Niedzwiedz, Claire L., additional, Ploubidis, George B., additional, Fitzsimons, Emla, additional, Henderson, Morag, additional, Silverwood, Richard J., additional, Chaturvedi, Nish, additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Porteous, David J, additional, and Patalay, Praveetha, additional

Published
2021
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44. Developing Digital Tools for Remote Clinical Research: How to Evaluate the Validity and Practicality of Active Assessments in Field Settings (Preprint)

Author

Ferrar, Jennifer, primary, Griffith, Gareth J, additional, Skirrow, Caroline, additional, Cashdollar, Nathan, additional, Taptiklis, Nick, additional, Dobson, James, additional, Cree, Fiona, additional, Cormack, Francesca K, additional, Barnett, Jennifer H, additional, and Munafò, Marcus R, additional

Published
2020
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45. Pre-pandemic mental health and disruptions to healthcare, economic and housing outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK longitudinal studies.

Author

Di Gessa, Giorgio, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Thompson, Ellen J., McElroy, Eoin, Davies, Helena L., Mundy, Jessica, Stevenson, Anna J., Kwong, Alex S. F., Griffith, Gareth J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Niedzwiedz, Claire L., Ploubidis, George B., Fitzsimons, Emla, Henderson, Morag, Silverwood, Richard J., Chaturvedi, Nish, Breen, Gerome, Steves, Claire J., and Steptoe, Andrew

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, MENTAL health, LONGITUDINAL method, HEALTH equity, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, RESEARCH funding
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives and livelihoods, and people already experiencing mental ill health may have been especially vulnerable.Aims: Quantify mental health inequalities in disruptions to healthcare, economic activity and housing.Method: We examined data from 59 482 participants in 12 UK longitudinal studies with data collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within each study, we estimated the association between psychological distress assessed pre-pandemic and disruptions since the start of the pandemic to healthcare (medication access, procedures or appointments), economic activity (employment, income or working hours) and housing (change of address or household composition). Estimates were pooled across studies.Results: Across the analysed data-sets, 28% to 77% of participants experienced at least one disruption, with 2.3-33.2% experiencing disruptions in two or more domains. We found 1 s.d. higher pre-pandemic psychological distress was associated with (a) increased odds of any healthcare disruptions (odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40), with fully adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.41) for disruption to procedures to 1.33 (95% CI 1.20-1.49) for disruptions to prescriptions or medication access; (b) loss of employment (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.21) and income (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 -1.19), and reductions in working hours/furlough (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) and (c) increased likelihood of experiencing a disruption in at least two domains (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32) or in one domain (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07-1.16), relative to no disruption. There were no associations with housing disruptions (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.03).Conclusions: People experiencing psychological distress pre-pandemic were more likely to experience healthcare and economic disruptions, and clusters of disruptions across multiple domains during the pandemic. Failing to address these disruptions risks further widening mental health inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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47. Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVID-19 disease risk and severity

Author

Griffith, Gareth J, primary, Morris, Tim T, additional, Tudball, Matt, additional, Herbert, Annie, additional, Mancano, Giulia, additional, Pike, Lindsey, additional, Sharp, Gemma C, additional, Palmer, Tom M, additional, Smith, George Davey, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Zuccolo, Luisa, additional, Davies, Neil M, additional, and Hemani, Gibran, additional

Published
2020
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