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39 results on '"Griffith, D.W.T."'

1. Global satellite observations of column-averaged carbon dioxide and methane: The GHG-CCI XCO2 and XCH4 CRDP3 data set

Author

Buchwitz, M., Reuter, M., Schneising, O., Hewson, W., Detmers, R.G., Boesch, H., Hasekamp, O.P., Aben, I., Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J.P., Butz, A., Chevallier, F., Dils, B., Frankenberg, C., Heymann, J., Lichtenberg, G., De Mazière, M., Notholt, J., Parker, R., Warneke, T., Zehner, C., Griffith, D.W.T., Deutscher, N.M., Kuze, A., Suto, H., and Wunch, D.

Published
2017
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4. The Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI): Comparison and quality assessment of near-surface-sensitive satellite-derived CO2 and CH4 global data sets

Author

Buchwitz, M., Reuter, M., Schneising, O., Boesch, H., Guerlet, S., Dils, B., Aben, I., Armante, R., Bergamaschi, P., Blumenstock, T., Bovensmann, H., Brunner, D., Buchmann, B., Burrows, J.P., Butz, A., Chédin, A., Chevallier, F., Crevoisier, C.D., Deutscher, N.M., Frankenberg, C., Hase, F., Hasekamp, O.P., Heymann, J., Kaminski, T., Laeng, A., Lichtenberg, G., De Mazière, M., Noël, S., Notholt, J., Orphal, J., Popp, C., Parker, R., Scholze, M., Sussmann, R., Stiller, G.P., Warneke, T., Zehner, C., Bril, A., Crisp, D., Griffith, D.W.T., Kuze, A., O'Dell, C., Oshchepkov, S., Sherlock, V., Suto, H., Wennberg, P., Wunch, D., Yokota, T., and Yoshida, Y.

Published
2015
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5. Recent Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HC1 increase due to atmospheric circulation changes

Author

Mahieu, E., Chipperfield, M.P., Notholt, J., Reddmann, T., Anderson, J., Bernath, P.F., Blumenstock, T., Coffey, M.T., Dhomse, S.S., Feng, W., Franco, B., Froidevaux, L., Griffith, D.W.T., Hannigan, J.W., Hase, F., Hossaini, R., Jones, N.B., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nakajima, H., Palm, M., Paton-Walsh, C., Russell, III, J.M., Schneider, M., Servais, C., Smale, D., and Walker, K.A.

Subjects
Northern Hemisphere -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Atmospheric circulation -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Stratospheric circulation -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The abundance of chlorine in the Earth's atmosphere increased considerably during the 1970s to 1990s, following large emissions of anthropogenic long-lived chlorine-containing source gases, notably the chlorofluorocarbons. The chemical inertness of chlorofluorocarbons allows their transport and mixing throughout the troposphere on a global scale (1), before they reach the stratosphere where they release chlorine atoms that cause ozone depletion (2). The large ozone loss over Antarctica (3) was the key observation that stimulated the definition and signing in 1987 of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty establishing a schedule to reduce the production of the major chlorine-and bromine-containing halocarbons. Owing to its implementation, the near-surface total chlorine concentration showed a maximum in 1993, followed by a decrease of half a per cent to one per cent per year (4), in line with expectations. Remote-sensing data have revealed a peak in stratospheric chlorine after 1996 (5), then a decrease of close to one per cent per year (6,7), in agreement with the surface observations of the chlorine source gases and model calculations (7). Here we present ground-based and satellite data that show a recent and significant increase, at the 2σ level, in hydrogen chloride (HC1), the main stratospheric chlorine reservoir, starting around 2007 in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, in contrast with the ongoing monotonic decrease of near-surface source gases. Using model simulations, we attribute this trend anomaly to a slowdown in the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, occurring over several consecutive years, transporting more aged air to the lower stratosphere, and characterized by a larger relative conversion of source gases to HC1. This short-term dynamical variability will also affect other stratospheric tracers and needs to be accounted for when studying the evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer., Decomposition of chlorine-containing source gases in the stratosphere produces HC1, the largest reservoir of chlorine (8,9). Here we investigate recent trends in atmospheric HC1 with observations from eight Network for [...]

Published
2014

7. Precision Trace Gas Analysis by FT-IR Spectroscopy. 2. The (super 13)C/(super 12)C Isotope Ratio of CO(sub 2)

Author

Esler, M.B., Griffith, D.W.T., Wilson, S.R., and Steele, L.P.

Subjects
Chemistry, Analytic -- Research, Carbon -- Research, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy -- Usage, Algorithms -- Analysis, Calibration -- Analysis, Chemistry
Abstract

We report the development of a method of carbon stable isotope ratio analysis based on 1-cm(super -1) resolution Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, deployable in both laboratory and field applications. We demonstrate the determination of the (super 13)C/(super 12)C ratio of CO(sub 2) (i.e., (delta)(super 13)CO(sub 2) in air with an analytical precision of the order of +/- 0.1% (i.e., +/- 0.01%). The FT-IR method relies on calibration using synthetically calculated absorbance spectra and a multivariate calibration algorithm. The method requires no sample preparation other than optional drying of the sample and may be applied directly to ambient air samples containing approximately 350 (mu)mol mol(super -1) CO(sub 2) (molar mixing ratio). It may also be applied to samples more concentrated in CO(sub 2), such as human breath, approximately 5% CO(sub 2). We demonstrate the utility of the technique to the analysis of (delta)(super 13)CO(sub 2) in air during an experimental field campaign and to the laboratory-based analysis of human breath. A similar method could also be used to determine the H/D ratio in atmospheric water vapor.

Published
2000

11. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances

Author

Kohlhepp R., Ruhnke R., Chipperfield M.P., de Maziere M., Notholt J., Barthlott S, Batchelor R. L., Blatherwick R. D., Blumenstock T., Coffey M., Demoulin P., Fast H., Feng W., Goldman A., Griffith D.W.T., Hamann K., Hannigan J., Hase F., Jones N.B., Kagawa A., Kaiser I., Kasai Y., Kirner O., Kouker W., and Lindenmaier R.

Published
2012

14. Inferring regional sources and sinks of atmospheric CO₂ from GOSAT XCO₂ data

Author

Deng, F., Jones, D.B.A., Henze, D.K., Bousserez, N., Bowman, K.W., Fisher, J.B., Nassar, R., O'Dell, C., Wunch, D., Wennberg, P.O., Kort, E.A., Wofsy, S.C., Blumenstock, T., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., Hase, F., Heikkinen, P., Sherlock, V., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., and Warneke, T.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2014

15. Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO₂ and HF total column abundances

Author

Kohlhepp, R., Ruhnke, R., Chipperfield, M.P., De Maziere, M., Notholt, J., Barthlott, S., Batchelor, R.L., Blatherwick, R.D., Blumenstock, Th., Coffey, M.T., Demoulin, P., Fast, H., Feng, W., Goldman, A., Griffith, D.W.T., Hamann, K., Hannigan, J.W., Hase, F., Jones, N.B., Kagawa, A., Kaiser, I., Kasai, Y., Kirner, O., Kouker, W., Lindenmaier, R., Mahieu, E., Mittermeier, R.L., Monge-Sanz, B., Morino, I., Murata, I., Nakajima, H., Palm, M., Paton-Walsh, C., Raffalski, U., Reddmann, Th., Rettinger, M., Rinsland, C.P., Rozanov, E., Schneider, M., Senten, C., Servais, C., Sinnhuber, B.M., Smale, D., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Taylor, J.R., Vanhaelewyn, G., Warneke, T., Whaley, C., Wiehle, M., and Wood, S.W.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2012

16. CH4, CO, and H2O spectroscopy for the Sentinel-5 Precursor mission: an assessment with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network measurements

Author

Galli, A., Butz, A., Scheepmaker, R.A., Hasekamp, O., Landgraf, J., Tol, P.J.J., Wunch, D., Deutscher, N.M., Toon, G.C., Wennberg, P.O., Griffith, D.W.T., Aben, E.A.A., Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, and LaserLaB - Physics of Light

Subjects
lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, lcsh:TA170-171, lcsh:Environmental engineering
Abstract

The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) will be part of ESA's Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite platform scheduled for launch in 2015. TROPOMI will monitor methane and carbon monoxide concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere by measuring spectra of back-scattered sunlight in the short-wave infrared (SWIR). S5P will be the first satellite mission to rely uniquely on the spectral window at 4190–4340 cm−1 (2.3 μm) to retrieve CH4 and CO. In this study, we investigated if the absorption features of the three relevant molecules CH4, CO, and H2O are adequately known. To this end, we retrieved total columns of CH4, CO, and H2O from absorption spectra measured by two ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers that are part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The retrieval results from the 4190–4340 cm−1 range at the TROPOMI resolution (0.45 cm−1) were then compared to the CH4 results obtained from the 6000 cm−1 region, and the CO results obtained from the 4190–4340 cm−1 region at the higher TCCON resolution (0.02 cm−1). For TROPOMI-like settings, we were able to reproduce the CH4 columns to an accuracy of 0.3% apart from a constant bias of 1%. The CO retrieval accuracy was, through interference, systematically influenced by the shortcomings of the CH4 and H2O spectroscopy. In contrast to CH4, the CO column error also varied significantly with atmospheric H2O content. Unaddressed, this would introduce seasonal and latitudinal biases to the CO columns retrieved from TROPOMI measurements. We therefore recommend further effort from the spectroscopic community to be directed at the H2O and CH4 spectroscopy in the 4190–4340 cm−1 region.

Published
2012
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18. Validation of HNO₃, ClONO₂, and N₂O₅ from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS)

Author

Wolff, M.A., Kerzenmacher, T., Strong, K., Walker, K.A., Toohey, M., Dupuy, E., Bernath, P.F., Boone, C.D., Brohede, S., Catoire, N., Clarmann, T.Von, Coffey, M., Daffer, W.H., De Maziere, M., Duchatelet, P., Glatthor, N., Griffith, D.W.T., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Höpfner, M., Huret, N., Jones, N., Jucks, K., Kagawa, A., Kasai, Y., Kramer, I., Küllmann, H., Kuttippurath, J., Mahieu, E., Manney, G., McElroy, C.T., McLinden, C., Mebarki, Y., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Piccolo, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Ruhnke, R., Santee, M., Senten, C., Smale, D., Tetard, C., Urban, J., and Wood, S.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2008

19. Validation of NO₂ and NO from the atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE)

Author

Kerzenmacher, T., Wolff, M.A., Strong, K., Dupuy, E., Walker, K.A., Amekudzi, L.K., Batchelor, R.L., Bernath, P.F., Berthet, G., Blumenstock, T., Boone, C.D., Bramstedt, K., Brogniez, C., Brohede, S., Burrows, J.P., Catoire, V., Dodion, J., Drummond, J.R., Dufour, D.G., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Goutail, F., Griffith, D.W.T., Haley, C.S., Hendrick, F., Höpfner, M., Huret, N., Jones, N., Kar, J., Kramer, I., Llewellyn, E.J., Lopez-Puertas, M., Manney, G., McElroy, C.T., McLinden, C.A., Melo, S., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Nichitiu, F., Notholt, J., Nowlan, C., Piccolo, C., Pommereau, J.P., Randall, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Richter, A., Schneider, M., Schrems, O., Silicani, M., Stiller, G.P., Taylor, J., Tetard, C., Toohey, M., Vanhellemont, F., Warneke, T., Zawodny, J.M., and Zou, J.

Subjects
Earth sciences, ddc:550
Published
2008

20. Methane retrievals from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) shortwave infrared measurements: Performance comparison of proxy and physics retrieval algorithms

Author

Schepers, D., Guerlet, S., Butz, A., Landgraf, J., Frankenberg, C., Hasekamp, O., Blavier, J.-F., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., Hase, F., Kyro, E., Morino, I., Scherlock, V., Sussmann, R., Aben, E.A.A., Schepers, D., Guerlet, S., Butz, A., Landgraf, J., Frankenberg, C., Hasekamp, O., Blavier, J.-F., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., Hase, F., Kyro, E., Morino, I., Scherlock, V., Sussmann, R., and Aben, E.A.A.

Abstract

We compare two conceptually different methods for determining methane column-averaged mixing ratios (XCH4) from Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) shortwave infrared (SWIR) measurements. These methods account differently for light scattering by aerosol and cirrus. The proxy method retrieves a CO2 column which, in conjunction with prior knowledge on CO2 acts as a proxy for scattering effects. The physics-based method accounts for scattering by retrieving three effective parameters of a scattering layer. Both retrievals are validated on a 19-month data set using ground-based XCH4 measurements at 12 stations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), showing comparable performance: for the proxy retrieval we find station-dependent retrieval biases from -0.312% to 0.421% of XCH4 with a standard deviation of 0.22% and a typical precision of 17 ppb. The physics method shows biases between -0.836% and -0.081% with a standard deviation of 0.24% and a precision similar to the proxy method. Complementing this validation we compared both retrievals with simulated methane fields from a global chemistry-transport model. This identified shortcomings of both retrievals causing biases of up to 1ings and provide a satisfying validation of any methane retrieval from space-borne SWIR measurements, in our opinion it is essential to further expand the network of TCCON stations. © Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.

Published
2012
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21. Validation of IASI FORLI carbon monoxide retrievals using FTIR data from NDACC

Author

Kerzenmacher, Tobias, Dils, Bart, Kumps, Nicolas, Blumenstock, Thomas, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre, Demoulin, Paul, García, Omaira, George, Michael, Griffith, D.W.T., Hase, Frank, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Hurtmans, Daniel, Jones, Nick, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Notholt, Justus, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Raffalski, Uwe, Ridder, T., Schneider, M, Servais, Charlotte, De Mazière, Martine, Kerzenmacher, Tobias, Dils, Bart, Kumps, Nicolas, Blumenstock, Thomas, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre, Demoulin, Paul, García, Omaira, George, Michael, Griffith, D.W.T., Hase, Frank, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Hurtmans, Daniel, Jones, Nick, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Notholt, Justus, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Raffalski, Uwe, Ridder, T., Schneider, M, Servais, Charlotte, and De Mazière, Martine

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2012

22. Satellite evidence for a large source of formic acid from boreal and tropical forests

Author

Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Muller, Jean François, Peeters, J., Razavi, Ariane, Clarisse, Lieven, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre, Hurtmans, Daniel, De Mazière, Martine, Vigouroux, Corinne, Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., Jones, Nick, Paton-Walsh, Clare, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Muller, Jean François, Peeters, J., Razavi, Ariane, Clarisse, Lieven, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre, Hurtmans, Daniel, De Mazière, Martine, Vigouroux, Corinne, Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., Jones, Nick, and Paton-Walsh, Clare

Abstract

Formic acid contributes significantly to acid rain in remote environments. Direct sources of formic acid include human activities, biomass burning and plant leaves. Aside from these direct sources, sunlight-induced oxidation of non-methane hydrocarbons (largely of biogenic origin) is probably the largest source. However, model simulations substantially underpredict atmospheric formic acid levels, indicating that not all sources have been included in the models. Here, we use satellite measurements of formic acid concentrations to constrain model simulations of the global formic acid budget. According to our simulations, 100- 120Tg of formic acid is produced annually, which is two to three times more than that estimated from known sources. We show that 90% of the formic acid produced is biogenic in origin, and largely sourced from tropical and boreal forests. We suggest that terpenoids- volatile organic compounds released by plants- are the predominant precursors. Model comparisons with independent observations of formic acid strengthen our conclusions, and provide indirect validation for the satellite measurements. Finally, we show that the larger formic acid emissions have a substantial impact on rainwater acidity, especially over boreal forests in the summer, where formic acid reduces pH by 0.25- 0.5., SCOPUS: ar.j, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2012

23. Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations

Author

de Laat, A.T.J., Gloudemans, A.M.S., Schrijver, H., Aben, E.A.A., Nagahama, Y., Suzuki, K., Mahieu, E., Jones, N.B., Paton-Walsh, C., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., De Maziere, M., Mittermeier, R.L., Fast, H., Notholt, J., Palm, M., Hawat, T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Rinsland, C., Dzhola, A.V., Grechko, E.I., Poberovskii, A.M., Makarova, M.V., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., Borsdorff, T., de Laat, A.T.J., Gloudemans, A.M.S., Schrijver, H., Aben, E.A.A., Nagahama, Y., Suzuki, K., Mahieu, E., Jones, N.B., Paton-Walsh, C., Deutscher, N.M., Griffith, D.W.T., De Maziere, M., Mittermeier, R.L., Fast, H., Notholt, J., Palm, M., Hawat, T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Schneider, M., Rinsland, C., Dzhola, A.V., Grechko, E.I., Poberovskii, A.M., Makarova, M.V., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Sussmann, R., and Borsdorff, T.

Published
2010
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24. CO measurements from the ACE-FTS satellite instrument: data analysis and validation using ground-based, airborne and spaceborne observations

Author

Clerbaux, Cathy, George, Michael, Turquety, Solène, Walker, Kaley, Barret, Brice, Bernath, Peter, Boone, Chris, Borsdorff, Tobias, Cammas, J.P., Catoire, Valéry, Coffey, M., Coheur, Pierre, Deeter, Merritt, De Mazière, Martine, Drummond, James, Duchatelet, P., Dupuy, Eric, de Zafra, Robert, Eddounia, F., Edwards, David, Emmons, Louisa, Funke, Bernd, Gille, J., Griffith, D.W.T., Hannigan, James W., Hase, Frank, Höpfner, Michael, Jones, Nick, Kagawa, A., Kasai, Y., Kramer, I., Le Flochmoën, E., Livesey, N.J., Lopez-Puertas, Manuel, Luo, M., Mahieu, Emmanuel, Murtagh, Donal, Nedelec, P., Pazmino, Andrea, Pumphrey, H., Ricaud, Philippe, Rinsland, Curtis, Robert, Claude, Schneider, M, Senten, C., Stiller, G., Strandberg, A., Strong, Kimberly, Sussmann, Ralf, Thouret, Valérie, Urban, Jo, Wiacek, Aldona, Clerbaux, Cathy, George, Michael, Turquety, Solène, Walker, Kaley, Barret, Brice, Bernath, Peter, Boone, Chris, Borsdorff, Tobias, Cammas, J.P., Catoire, Valéry, Coffey, M., Coheur, Pierre, Deeter, Merritt, De Mazière, Martine, Drummond, James, Duchatelet, P., Dupuy, Eric, de Zafra, Robert, Eddounia, F., Edwards, David, Emmons, Louisa, Funke, Bernd, Gille, J., Griffith, D.W.T., Hannigan, James W., Hase, Frank, Höpfner, Michael, Jones, Nick, Kagawa, A., Kasai, Y., Kramer, I., Le Flochmoën, E., Livesey, N.J., Lopez-Puertas, Manuel, Luo, M., Mahieu, Emmanuel, Murtagh, Donal, Nedelec, P., Pazmino, Andrea, Pumphrey, H., Ricaud, Philippe, Rinsland, Curtis, Robert, Claude, Schneider, M, Senten, C., Stiller, G., Strandberg, A., Strong, Kimberly, Sussmann, Ralf, Thouret, Valérie, Urban, Jo, and Wiacek, Aldona

Abstract

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) mission was launched in August 2003 to sound the atmosphere by solar occultation. Carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of pollution plumes and atmospheric dynamics, is one of the key species provided by the primary instrument, the ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). This instrument performs measurements in both the CO 1-0 and 2-0 ro-vibrational bands, from which vertically resolved CO concentration profiles are retrieved, from the mid-troposphere to the thermosphere. This paper presents an updated description of the ACE-FTS version 2.2 CO data product, along with a comprehensive validation of these profiles using available observations (February 2004 to December 2006). We have compared the CO partial columns with ground-based measurements using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and millimeter wave radiometry, and the volume mixing ratio profiles with airborne (both high-altitude balloon flight and airplane) observations. CO satellite observations provided by nadir-looking instruments (MOPITT and TES) as well as limb-viewing remote sensors (MIPAS, SMR and MLS) were also compared with the ACE-FTS CO products. We show that the ACE-FTS measurements provide CO profiles with small retrieval errors (better than 5% from the upper troposphere to 40 km, and better than 10% above). These observations agree well with the correlative measurements, considering the rather loose coincidence criteria in some cases. Based on the validation exercise we assess the following uncertainties to the ACE-FTS measurement data: better than 15% in the upper troposphere (8-12 km), than 30% in the lower stratosphere (12-30 km), and than 25% from 30 to 100 km. © Author(s) 2008., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2008

29. Phosgene measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere

Author

Wilson, S.R., Crutzen, P.J., Schuster, G., Griffith, D.W.T., and Helas, G.

Subjects
Atmospheric ozone -- Research, Phosgene -- Measurement, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons -- Measurement, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
1988

32. Nitrous oxide emission from an agricultural field: Comparison between measurements by flux chamber and micrometerological techniques

Author

Christensen, S., primary, Ambus, P., additional, Arah, J.R.M., additional, Clayton, H., additional, Galle, B., additional, Griffith, D.W.T., additional, Hargreaves, K.J., additional, Klenzedtsson, L., additional, Lind, A.-M., additional, Maag, M., additional, Scott, A., additional, Skiba, U., additional, Smith, K.A., additional, Welling, M., additional, and Wienhold, F.G., additional

Published
1996
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35. Precision trace gas analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy. 2. The 13C/12C isotope ratio of CO2.

Author

Esler, M.B. and Griffith, D.W.T.

Subjects
*CARBON isotopes, *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
Abstract

Presents a carbon stable isotope ratio analysis based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Determination of the carbon stable isotope ratio of carbon dioxide in air; Application of the technique; Use of the method in analyzing del values of an isotope.

Published
2000
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36. Ground-based remote sensing of tropospheric water vapour isotopologues within the project MUSICA

Author

Schneider, M., Barthlott, S., Hase, F., González, Y., Yoshimura, K., García, O.E., Sepúlveda, E., Gomez-Pelaez, A., Gisi, M., Kohlhepp, R., Dohe, S., Blumenstock, T., Wiegele, A., Christner, E., Strong, K., Weaver, D., Palm, M., Deutscher, N.M., Warneke, T., Notholt, J., Lejeune, B., Demoulin, P., Jones, N., Griffith, D.W.T., Smale, D., and Robinson, J.

Subjects
13. Climate action

37. Ability of the 4-D-Var analysis of the GOSAT BESD XCO₂ retrievals to characterize atmospheric CO₂ at large and synoptic scales

Author

Massart, S., Agusti-Panareda, A., Heymann, J., Buchwitz, M., Chevallier, F., Reuter, M., Hilker, M., Burrows, J.P., Deutscher, N.M., Feist, D.G., Hase, F., Sussmann, R., Desmet, F., Dubey, M.K., Griffith, D.W.T., Kivi, R., Petri, C., Schneider, M., and Velazco, V.A.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 7. Clean energy
Abstract

This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO₂) analysis system where the atmospheric CO₂ is controlled through the assimilation of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO₂ (XCO₂) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO₂), and they are both evaluated against XCO₂ data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO₂ product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO₂ fields with an improved mean absolute error of 0.6 parts per million (ppm) and an improved station-to-station bias deviation of 0.7 ppm compared to the free run (1.1 and 1.4 ppm, respectively) and an improved estimated precision of 1 ppm compared to the GOSAT BESD data (3.3 ppm). We also show that the analysis has skill for synoptic situations in the vicinity of frontal systems, where the GOSAT retrievals are sparse due to cloud contamination. We finally computed the 10-day forecast from each analysis at 00:00 UTC, and we demonstrate that the CO₂ forecast shows synoptic skill for the largest-scale weather patterns (of the order of 1000 km) even up to day 5 compared to its own analysis.

38. CH₄, CO, and H₂O spectroscopy for the sentinel-5 precursor mission: an assessment with the total carbon column observing network measurements

Author

Galli, A., Butz, A., Scheepmaker, R.A., Hasekamp, O., Landgraf, J., Tol, P., Wunch, D., Deutscher, N.M., Toon, G.C., Wennberg, P.O., Griffith, D.W.T., and Aben, I.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) will be part of ESA’s Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite platform scheduled for launch in 2015. TROPOMI will monitor methane and carbon monoxide concentrations in the Earth’s atmosphere by measuring spectra of back-scattered sunlight in the short-wave infrared (SWIR). S5P will be the first satellite mission to rely uniquely on the spectral window at 4190–4340 cm−1 (2.3 μm) to retrieve CH4 and CO. In this study, we investigated if the absorption features of the three relevant molecules CH4, CO, and H2O are adequately known. To this end, we retrieved total columns of CH4, CO, and H2O from absorption spectra measured by two ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers that are part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The retrieval results from the 4190–4340 cm−1 range at the TROPOMI resolution (0.45 cm−1) were then compared to the CH4 results obtained from the 6000 cm−1 region, and the CO results obtained from the 4190–4340 cm−1 region at the higher TCCON resolution (0.02 cm−1). For TROPOMI-like settings, we were able to reproduce the CH4 columns to an accuracy of 0.3% apart from a constant bias of 1 %. The CO retrieval accuracy was, through interference, systematically influenced by the shortcomings of the CH4 and H2O spectroscopy. In contrast to CH4, the CO column error also varied significantly with atmospheric H2O content. Unaddressed, this would introduce seasonal and latitudinal biases to the CO columns retrieved from TROPOMI measurements. We therefore recommend further effort from the spectroscopic community to be directed at the H2O and CH4 spectroscopy in the 4190–4340 cm−1 region.

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