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1. Stronger instruments and refined covariate balance in an observational study of the effectiveness of prompt admission to intensive care units

Author

Keele, L, Harris, S, Pimentel, SD, and Grieve, R

Subjects
Generic Health Relevance, Statistics & Probability, Statistics, Econometrics, Demography
Abstract

Instrumental variable methods, subject to appropriate identification assumptions, enable consistent estimation of causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding. Near–far matching has been proposed as one analytic method to improve inference by strengthening the effect of the instrument on the exposure and balancing observable characteristics between groups of subjects with low and high values of the instrument. However, in settings with hierarchical data (e.g. patients nested within hospitals), or where several covariate interactions must be balanced, conventional near–far matching algorithms may fail to achieve the requisite covariate balance. We develop a new matching algorithm, that combines near–far matching with refined covariate balance, to balance large numbers of nominal covariates while also strengthening the instrumental variable. This extension of near–far matching is motivated by a case-study that aims to identify the causal effect of prompt admission to an intensive care unit on 7-day and 28-day mortality.

Published
2020

2. Student Fears of Oral Presentations and Public Speaking in Higher Education: A Qualitative Survey

Author

Grieve, R., Woodley, J., Hunt, S. E., and McKay, A.

Abstract

Oral presentations and public speaking are an important aspect of the student experience in the United Kingdom higher education. Many modules (self-contained units normally within a programme of study) use presentations as a form of assessment and require students to verbally engage in small and large group settings to enhance learning. Previous research evidence has indicated that many students experience fear in public speaking. The aims of this qualitative survey were two-fold. First, it sought to gather further insight into the fears experienced and strategies used by students who fear public speaking, including oral presentations. The second objective was to determine whether their fear affected their experience of higher education. A qualitative survey comprising four open-ended questions was completed by 46 undergraduate and postgraduate students with a fear of public speaking from the University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol. All participants were attending one of the Stand Up and Be Heard (SUBH) UWE library-based workshops for fear of public speaking. Thematic analysis was used to identify the following six themes, namely: fear of being judged, physical symptoms, uncertainty about the topic, negative effect on university experience, practice and preparation, and more practical support needed. The results of this survey identify the specific fears students have in public speaking and provide evidence of the overall negative effect on their higher education experience. This survey provides further evidence that higher education institutions should acknowledge public speaking fear among some students and provide more support in oral presentation assessments.

Published
2021
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3. An Approach for Combining Clinical Judgment with Machine Learning to Inform Medical Decision Making: Analysis of Nonemergency Surgery Strategies for Acute Appendicitis in Patients with Multiple Long-Term Conditions.

Author

Moler-Zapata, S., Hutchings, A., Grieve, R., Hinchliffe, R., Smart, N., Moonesinghe, S. R., Bellingan, G., Vohra, R., Moug, S., and O'Neill, S.

Abstract

Background: Machine learning (ML) methods can identify complex patterns of treatment effect heterogeneity. However, before ML can help to personalize decision making, transparent approaches must be developed that draw on clinical judgment. We develop an approach that combines clinical judgment with ML to generate appropriate comparative effectiveness evidence for informing decision making. Methods: We motivate this approach in evaluating the effectiveness of nonemergency surgery (NES) strategies, such as antibiotic therapy, for people with acute appendicitis who have multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) compared with emergency surgery (ES). Our 4-stage approach 1) draws on clinical judgment about which patient characteristics and morbidities modify the relative effectiveness of NES; 2) selects additional covariates from a high-dimensional covariate space (P > 500) by applying an ML approach, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), to large-scale administrative data (N = 24,312); 3) generates estimates of comparative effectiveness for relevant subgroups; and 4) presents evidence in a suitable form for decision making. Results: This approach provides useful evidence for clinically relevant subgroups. We found that overall NES strategies led to increases in the mean number of days alive and out-of-hospital compared with ES, but estimates differed across subgroups, ranging from 21.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.8 to 40.5) for patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease to −10.4 (−29.8 to 9.1) for patients with cancer and hypertension. Our interactive tool for visualizing ML output allows for findings to be customized according to the specific needs of the clinical decision maker. Conclusions: This principled approach of combining clinical judgment with an ML approach can improve trust, relevance, and usefulness of the evidence generated for clinical decision making. Highlights: Machine learning (ML) methods have many potential applications in medical decision making, but the lack of model interpretability and usability constitutes an important barrier for the wider adoption of ML evidence in practice. We develop a 4-stage approach for integrating clinical judgment into the way an ML approach is used to estimate and report comparative effectiveness. We illustrate the approach in undertaking an evaluation of nonemergency surgery (NES) strategies for acute appendicitis in patients with multiple long-term conditions and find that NES strategies lead to better outcomes compared with emergency surgery and that the effects differ across subgroups. We develop an interactive tool for visualizing the results of this study that allows findings to be customized according to the user's preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Constraining the Temperature of Impact Melt from the Mistastin Lake Impact Structure Using Zircon Crystal Structures

Author

Tolometti, G. D, Osinski, G. R, Neish, C. D, Grieve, R. A. F, and Erickson, T. M

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

Impact melt is a product of hyper-velocity impact events formed by the instantaneous melting of near-surface target rocks. Constraining the temperature of impact melt is vital to understanding its prograde heating and cooling history, which can have implications for inferring the environment of early Earth ~4.0 billion years ago when microbial life potentially arose. To date, only one datum on the initial impact melt temperature has been derived by Timms et al. These authors studied zirconia microstructures and crystallographic orientations that revealed the former presence of cubic zirconia, found in a black impact glass at the Mistastin Lake impact structure, Canada. The presence of cubic zirconia indicates a minimum temperature for the impact melt of >2370°C from the dissociation temperature of zircon to cubic zirconia and liquid SiO2. With only one temperature datum, it is still difficult to constrain the entire temperature range experienced during the impact melting process; from its instantaneous formation to thermal equilibrium with the “cold” clasts collected along the crater floor and walls. In addition, obtaining a temperature value from only one type of impactite limits the inferred temperature range, because each impactite experiences a different cooling history. In this study, we present a preliminary investigation of 61 zircon crystals, 14 of which are similar to those studied by Timms et al., from the Mistastin Lake impact structure. To acquire a more accurate temperature profile representative of impact melt, zircon crystals were collected from different types of impactites containing impact melt, including additional samples of the black impact glass studied by Timms et al.

Published
2020

9. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Initiation on Organ Support-Free Days in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Lawler, P.R., Derde, L.P.G., Veerdonk, F.L. van de, McVerry, B.J., Huang, D.T., Berry, L.R., Lorenzi, E., Kimmenade, R.R.J. van, Gommans, F., Vaduganathan, M., Leaf, D.E., Baron, R.M., Kim, E.Y., Frankfurter, C., Epelman, S., Kwan, Y., Grieve, R., O'Neill, S., Sadique, Z., Puskarich, M., Marshall, J.C., Higgins, A.M., Mouncey, P.R., Rowan, K.M., Al-Beidh, F., Annane, D., Arabi, Y.M., Au, C., Beane, A., Bentum-Puijk, W. van, Bonten, M.J.M., Bradbury, C.A., Brunkhorst, F.M., Burrell, A., Buzgau, A., Buxton, M., Cecconi, M., Cheng, A.C., Cove, M., Detry, M.A., Estcourt, L.J., Ezekowitz, J., Fitzgerald, M., Gattas, D., Godoy, L.C., Goossens, H., Haniffa, R., Harrison, D.A., Hills, T., Horvat, C.M., Ichihara, N., Lamontagne, F., Linstrum, K.M., McAuley, D.F., McGlothlin, A., McGuinness, S.P., McQuilten, Z., Murthy, S., Nichol, A.D., Owen, D.R.J., Parke, R.L., Parker, J.C., Pollock, K.M., Reyes, L.F., Saito, H., Santos, M.S., Saunders, C.T., Seymour, C.W., Shankar-Hari, M., Singh, V., Turgeon, A.F., Turner, A.M., Zarychanski, R., Green, C., Lewis, R.J., Angus, D.C., Berry, S., Gordon, A.C., McArthur, C.J., Webb, S.A., Lawler, P.R., Derde, L.P.G., Veerdonk, F.L. van de, McVerry, B.J., Huang, D.T., Berry, L.R., Lorenzi, E., Kimmenade, R.R.J. van, Gommans, F., Vaduganathan, M., Leaf, D.E., Baron, R.M., Kim, E.Y., Frankfurter, C., Epelman, S., Kwan, Y., Grieve, R., O'Neill, S., Sadique, Z., Puskarich, M., Marshall, J.C., Higgins, A.M., Mouncey, P.R., Rowan, K.M., Al-Beidh, F., Annane, D., Arabi, Y.M., Au, C., Beane, A., Bentum-Puijk, W. van, Bonten, M.J.M., Bradbury, C.A., Brunkhorst, F.M., Burrell, A., Buzgau, A., Buxton, M., Cecconi, M., Cheng, A.C., Cove, M., Detry, M.A., Estcourt, L.J., Ezekowitz, J., Fitzgerald, M., Gattas, D., Godoy, L.C., Goossens, H., Haniffa, R., Harrison, D.A., Hills, T., Horvat, C.M., Ichihara, N., Lamontagne, F., Linstrum, K.M., McAuley, D.F., McGlothlin, A., McGuinness, S.P., McQuilten, Z., Murthy, S., Nichol, A.D., Owen, D.R.J., Parke, R.L., Parker, J.C., Pollock, K.M., Reyes, L.F., Saito, H., Santos, M.S., Saunders, C.T., Seymour, C.W., Shankar-Hari, M., Singh, V., Turgeon, A.F., Turner, A.M., Zarychanski, R., Green, C., Lewis, R.J., Angus, D.C., Berry, S., Gordon, A.C., McArthur, C.J., and Webb, S.A.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, IMPORTANCE: Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non-critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was organ support-free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS: On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support-free days among critically ill patients was 10 (-1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (-1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support-free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital surv

Published
2023

10. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support–free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Author

Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators, Lawler, PR, Derde, LPG, Van de Veerdonk, FL, McVerry, BJ, Huang, DT, Berry, LR, Lorenzi, E, Van Kimmenade, R, Gommans, F, Vaduganathan, M, Leaf, DE, Baron, RM, Kim, EY, Frankfurter, C, Epelman, S, Kwan, Y, Grieve, R, O'Neill, S, Sadique, Z, Puskarich, M, Marshall, JC, Higgins, AM, Mouncey, PR, Rowan, KM, Al-Beidh, F, Annane, D, Arabi, YM, Au, C, Beane, A, Van Bentum-Puijk, W, Bonten, MJM, Bradbury, CA, Brunkhorst, FM, Burrell, A, Buzgau, A, Buxton, M, Cecconi, M, Cheng, AC, Cove, M, Detry, MA, Estcourt, LJ, Ezekowitz, J, Fitzgerald, M, Gattas, D, Godoy, LC, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Harrison, DA, Hills, T, Horvat, CM, Ichihara, N, Lamontagne, F, Linstrum, KM, McAuley, DF, McGlothlin, A, McGuinness, SP, McQuilten, Z, Murthy, S, Nichol, AD, Owen, DRJ, Parke, RL, Parker, JC, Pollock, KM, Reyes, LF, Saito, H, Santos, MS, Saunders, CT, Seymour, CW, Shankar-Hari, M, Singh, V, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Zarychanski, R, Green, C, Lewis, RJ, Angus, DC, Berry, S, Gordon, AC, McArthur, CJ, and Webb, SA

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non-critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was organ support-free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS: On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support-free days among critically ill patients was 10 (-1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (-1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support-free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.

Published
2023

11. Effect of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy vs Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Liberation From Respiratory Support in Acutely Ill Children Admitted to Pediatric Critical Care Units

Author

Ramnarayan, P, Richards-Belle, A, Drikite, L, Saull, M, Orzechowska, I, Darnell, R, Sadique, Z, Lester, J, Morris, KP, Tume, LN, Davis, PJ, Peters, MJ, Feltbower, RG, Grieve, R, Thomas, K, Mouncey, PR, Harrison, DA, Rowan, KM, and FIRST-ABC Step-Up RCT Investigators and the Paediatric Critical

Abstract

Importance The optimal first-line mode of noninvasive respiratory support for acutely ill children is not known. Objective To evaluate the noninferiority of high-flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) as the first-line mode of noninvasive respiratory support for acute illness, compared with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), for time to liberation from all forms of respiratory support. Design, Setting, and Participants Pragmatic, multicenter, randomized noninferiority clinical trial conducted in 24 pediatric critical care units in the United Kingdom among 600 acutely ill children aged 0 to 15 years who were clinically assessed to require noninvasive respiratory support, recruited between August 2019 and November 2021, with last follow-up completed in March 2022. Interventions Patients were randomized 1:1 to commence either HFNC at a flow rate based on patient weight (n = 301) or CPAP of 7 to 8 cm H2O (n = 299). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was time from randomization to liberation from respiratory support, defined as the start of a 48-hour period during which a participant was free from all forms of respiratory support (invasive or noninvasive), assessed against a noninferiority margin of an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.75. Seven secondary outcomes were assessed, including mortality at critical care unit discharge, intubation within 48 hours, and use of sedation. Results Of the 600 randomized children, consent was not obtained for 5 (HFNC: 1; CPAP: 4) and respiratory support was not started in 22 (HFNC: 5; CPAP: 17); 573 children (HFNC: 295; CPAP: 278) were included in the primary analysis (median age, 9 months; 226 girls [39%]). The median time to liberation in the HFNC group was 52.9 hours (95% CI, 46.0-60.9 hours) vs 47.9 hours (95% CI, 40.5-55.7 hours) in the CPAP group (absolute difference, 5.0 hours [95% CI –10.1 to 17.4 hours]; adjusted hazard ratio 1.03 [1-sided 97.5% CI, 0.86-∞]). This met the criterion for noninferiority. Of the 7 prespecified secondary outcomes, 3 were significantly lower in the HFNC group: use of sedation (27.7% vs 37%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.88]); mean duration of critical care stay (5 days vs 7.4 days; adjusted mean difference, −3 days [95% CI, −5.1 to −1 days]); and mean duration of acute hospital stay (13.8 days vs 19.5 days; adjusted mean difference, −7.6 days [95% CI, −13.2 to −1.9 days]). The most common adverse event was nasal trauma (HFNC: 6/295 [2.0%]; CPAP: 18/278 [6.5%]). Conclusions and Relevance Among acutely ill children clinically assessed to require noninvasive respiratory support in a pediatric critical care unit, HFNC compared with CPAP met the criterion for noninferiority for time to liberation from respiratory support. Trial Registration ISRCTN.org Identifier: ISRCTN60048867

Published
2022

13. A Mission Control Architecture for robotic lunar sample return as field tested in an analogue deployment to the sudbury impact structure

Author

Moores, John E., Francis, Raymond, Mader, Marianne, Osinski, G.R., Barfoot, T., Barry, N., Basic, G., Battler, M., Beauchamp, M., Blain, S., Bondy, M., Capitan, R-D., Chanou, A., Clayton, J., Cloutis, E., Daly, M., Dickinson, C., Dong, H., Flemming, R., Furgale, P., Gammel, J., Gharfoor, N., Hussein, M., Grieve, R., Henrys, H., Jaziobedski, P., Lambert, A., Leung, K., Marion, C., McCullough, E., McManus, C., Neish, C.D., Ng, H.K., Ozaruk, A., Pickersgill, A., Preston, L.J., Redman, D., Sapers, H., Shankar, B., Singleton, A., Souders, K., Stenning, B., Stooke, P., Sylvester, P., and Tornabene, L.

Published
2012
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14. Effectiveness of emergency surgery for five common acute conditions: an instrumental variable analysis of a national routine database

Author

Hutchings, A., primary, O’Neill, S., additional, Lugo‐Palacios, D., additional, Moler Zapata, S., additional, Silverwood, R., additional, Cromwell, D., additional, Keele, L., additional, Bellingan, G., additional, Moonesinghe, S. R., additional, Smart, N., additional, Hinchliffe, R., additional, and Grieve, R., additional

Published
2022
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18. Antibiotics as first-line alternative to appendicectomy in adult appendicitis: 90-day follow-up from a prospective, multicentre cohort study

Author

Javanmard-Emamghissi, H, Hollyman, M, Boyd-Carson, H, Doleman, B, Adiamah, A, Lund, JN, Moler-Zapata, S, Grieve, R, Moug, SJ, Tierney, GM, and COVID: HAREM (Had Appendicitis and Resolved/Recurred Emergency M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Uncomplicated acute appendicitis can be managed with non-operative (antibiotic) treatment, but laparoscopic appendicectomy remains the first-line management in the UK. During the COVID-19 pandemic the practice altered, with more patients offered antibiotics as treatment. A large-scale observational study was designed comparing operative and non-operative management of appendicitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate 90-day follow-up. METHODS: A prospective, cohort study at 97 sites in the UK and Republic of Ireland included adult patients with a clinical or radiological diagnosis of appendicitis that either had surgery or non-operative management. Propensity score matching was conducted using age, sex, BMI, frailty, co-morbidity, Adult Appendicitis Score and C-reactive protein. Outcomes were 90-day treatment failure in the non-operative group, and in the matched groups 30-day complications, length of hospital stay (LOS) and total healthcare costs associated with each treatment. RESULTS: A total of 3420 patients were recorded: 1402 (41 per cent) had initial antibiotic management and 2018 (59 per cent) had appendicectomy. At 90-day follow-up, antibiotics were successful in 80 per cent (1116) of cases. After propensity score matching (2444 patients), fewer overall complications (OR 0.36 (95 per cent c.i. 0.26 to 0.50)) and a shorter median LOS (2.5 versus 3 days, P

Published
2021

19. Comparison of methods for predicting COVID-19-related death in the general population using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Williamson, EJ, Tazare, J, Bhaskaran, K, McDonald, HI, Walker, AJ, Tomlinson, L, Wing, K, Bacon, S, Bates, C, Curtis, HJ, Forbes, HJ, Minassian, C, Morton, CE, Nightingale, E, Mehrkar, A, Evans, D, Nicholson, BD, Leon, DA, Inglesby, P, MacKenna, B, Davies, NG, DeVito, NJ, Drysdale, H, Cockburn, J, Hulme, WJ, Morley, J, Douglas, I, Rentsch, CT, Mathur, R, Wong, A, Schultze, A, Croker, R, Parry, J, Hester, F, Harper, S, Grieve, R, Harrison, DA, Steyerberg, EW, Eggo, RM, Diaz-Ordaz, K, Keogh, R, Evans, SJW, Smeeth, L, Goldacre, B, and Collaborative, OpenSAFELY

Abstract

Background Obtaining accurate estimates of the risk of COVID-19-related death in the general population is challenging in the context of changing levels of circulating infection. Methods We propose a modelling approach to predict 28-day COVID-19-related death which explicitly accounts for COVID-19 infection prevalence using a series of sub-studies from new landmark times incorporating time-updating proxy measures of COVID-19 infection prevalence. This was compared with an approach ignoring infection prevalence. The target population was adults registered at a general practice in England in March 2020. The outcome was 28-day COVID-19-related death. Predictors included demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Three proxies of local infection prevalence were used: model-based estimates, rate of COVID-19-related attendances in emergency care, and rate of suspected COVID-19 cases in primary care. We used data within the TPP SystmOne electronic health record system linked to Office for National Statistics mortality data, using the OpenSAFELY platform, working on behalf of NHS England. Prediction models were developed in case-cohort samples with a 100-day follow-up. Validation was undertaken in 28-day cohorts from the target population. We considered predictive performance (discrimination and calibration) in geographical and temporal subsets of data not used in developing the risk prediction models. Simple models were contrasted to models including a full range of predictors. Results Prediction models were developed on 11,972,947 individuals, of whom 7999 experienced COVID-19-related death. All models discriminated well between individuals who did and did not experience the outcome, including simple models adjusting only for basic demographics and number of comorbidities: C-statistics 0.92–0.94. However, absolute risk estimates were substantially miscalibrated when infection prevalence was not explicitly modelled. Conclusions Our proposed models allow absolute risk estimation in the context of changing infection prevalence but predictive performance is sensitive to the proxy for infection prevalence. Simple models can provide excellent discrimination and may simplify implementation of risk prediction tools.

Published
2021
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21. Individual-patient meta-analysis of three randomized trials comparing endovascular versus open repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Author

Sweeting, M. J., Balm, R., Desgranges, P., Ulug, P., Powell, J. T., Koelemay, M. J. W., Idu, M. M., Kox, C., Legemate, D. A., Huisman, L. C., Willems, M. C. M., Reekers, J. A., van Delden, O. M., van Lienden, K. P., Hoornweg, L. L., Reimerink, J. J., van Beek, S. C., Vahl, A. C., Leijdekkers, V. J., Bosma, J., Montauban van Swijndregt, A. D., de Vries, C., van der Hulst, V. P. M., Peringa, J., Blomjous, J. G. A. M., Visser, M. J. T., van der Heijden, F. H. W. M., Wisselink, W., Hoksbergen, A. W. J., Blankensteijn, J. D., Visser, M. T. J., Coveliers, H. M. E., Nederhoed, J. H., van den Berg, F. G., van der Meijs, B. B., van den Oever, M. L. P., Lely, R. J., Meijerink, M. R., Voorwinde, A., Ultee, J. M., van Nieuwenhuizen, R. C., Dwars, B. J., Nagy, T. O. M., Tolenaar, P., Wiersema, A. M., Lawson, J. A., van Aken, P. J., Stigter, A. A., van den Broek, T. A. A., Vos, G. A., Mulder, W., Strating, R. P., Nio, D., Akkersdijk, G. J. M., van der Elst, A., van Exter, P., Becquemin, J.-P., Allaire, E., Cochennec, F., Marzelle, J., Louis, N., Schneider, J., Majewski, M., Castier, Y., Leseche, G., Francis, F., Steinmetz, E., Berne, J.-P., Favier, C., Haulon, S., Koussa, M., Azzaoui, R., Piervito, D., Alimi, Y., Boufi, M., Hartung, O., Cerquetta, P., Amabile, P., Piquet, P., Penard, J., Demasi, M., Alric, P., Canaud, L., Berthet, J.-P., Julia, P., Fabiani, J.-N., Alsac, J. M., Gouny, P., Badra, A., Braesco, J., Favre, J.-P., Albertini, J.-N., Martinez, R., Hassen-Khodja, R., Batt, M., Jean, E., Sosa, M., Declemy, S., Destrieux-Garnier, L., Lermusiaux, P., Feugier, P., Ashleigh, R., Gomes, M., Greenhalgh, R. M., Grieve, R., Hinchliffe, R., Sweeting, M., Thompson, M. M., Thompson, S. G., Cheshire, N. J., Boyle, J. R., Serracino-Inglott, F., Smyth, J. V., Hinchliffe, R. J., Bell, R., Wilson, N., Bown, M., Dennis, M., Davis, M., Howell, S., Wyatt, M. G., Valenti, D., Bachoo, P., Walker, P., MacSweeney, S., Davies, J. N., Rittoo, D., Parvin, S. D., Yusuf, W., Nice, C., Chetter, I., Howard, A., Chong, P., Bhat, R., McLain, D., Gordon, A., Lane, I., Hobbs, S., Pillay, W., Rowlands, T., El-Tahir, A., Asquith, J., Cavanagh, S., Dubois, L., and Forbes, T. L.

Published
2015
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27. Revisiting the West Clearwater Lake Impact Structure, Canada

Author

Osinski, G. R, Brunner, A, Collins, G, Cohen, B. A, Coulter, A, Elphic, R, Grieve, R. A. F, Hodges, K, Horne, A, and Kerrigan, M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The West and East Clearwater Lake impact structures are two of the most distinctive and recognizable impact structures on Earth. Known regionally as the "Clearwater Lake Complex", these structures are located in northern Quebec, Canada (56 deg 10 N, 74 deg 20 W) approximately 125 km east of Hudson Bay. The currently accepted diameters are 36 km and 26 km for the West and East structures, respectively. Long thought to represent a rare example of a double impact, recent age dating has called this into question with ages of approximately 286 Ma and approximately 460-470 Ma being proposed for the West and East structures, respectively. Relatively little is known about the East Clearwater Lake structure. There is no surface exposure and what information there is comes from geophysics and two drill cores obtained in the 1960s. In contrast, the West Clearwater Lake structure is relatively well preserved with large ring of islands in the approximately 30 km diameter lake. Much of the work done on West Clearwater stems from field investigations carried out in 1977 driven by the Apollo program, with a focus on the impact melt rocks and other impactites, which are well exposed on the ring of islands. To our knowledge, the Clearwater Lake impact structures have not been the focus of detailed impact geology field investigations since the 1977 expedition and the only geological map that exists is from the 1960s and is at the reconnaissance level. Our knowledge of impact cratering processes have increased substantially since this time, as have the analytical techniques available for samples. This provided the motivation for a joint Canadian-US-UK expedition to the West Clearwater Lake impact structure in August and September 2015, under the auspices of the FINESSE (Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Science and Exploration) project, part of NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI). We focus here on the impactites of the West Clearwater Lake impact structure. Other ongoing studies, also presented at this conference, focus on central uplift formation, the impact-generated hydrothermal system, xxxx and using WCIS as an analog test site for crew studies of sampling protocols].

Published
2015

28. Protocol for an observational cohort study investigating personalised medicine for intensification of treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the PERMIT study

Author

Bidulka, P, O'Neill, S, Basu, A, Wilkinson, S, Silverwood, RJ, Charlton, P, Briggs, A, Adler, A, Khunti, K, Tomlinson, LA, Smeeth, L, Douglas, IJ, Grieve, R, Bidulka, P, O'Neill, S, Basu, A, Wilkinson, S, Silverwood, RJ, Charlton, P, Briggs, A, Adler, A, Khunti, K, Tomlinson, LA, Smeeth, L, Douglas, IJ, and Grieve, R

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: For people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who require an antidiabetic drug as an add-on to metformin, there is controversy about whether newer drug classes such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of long-term complications compared with sulfonylureas (SU). There is widespread variation across National Health Service Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in drug choice for second-line treatment in part because National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines do not specify a single preferred drug class, either overall or within specific patient subgroups. This study will evaluate the relative effectiveness of the three most common second-line treatments in the UK (SU, DPP4i and SGLT2i as add-ons to metformin) and help target treatments according to individual risk profiles. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study includes people with T2DM prescribed one of the second-line treatments-of-interest between 2014 and 2020 within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics. We will use an instrumental variable (IV) method to estimate short-term and long-term relative effectiveness of second-line treatments according to individuals' risk profiles. This method minimises bias from unmeasured confounders by exploiting the natural variation in second-line prescribing across CCGs as an IV for the choice of prescribed treatment. The primary outcome to assess short-term effectiveness will be change in haemoglobin A1c (%) 12 months after treatment initiation. Outcome measures to assess longer-term effectiveness (maximum ~6 years) will include microvascular and macrovascular complications, all-cause mortality and hospital admissions during follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (20-064) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine R

Published
2021

29. Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, and death in 17 million adults in England: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Mathur, R, Rentsch, CT, Morton, CE, Hulme, WJ, Schultze, A, MacKenna, B, Eggo, RM, Bhaskaran, K, Wong, AYS, Williamson, EJ, Forbes, H, Wing, K, McDonald, H, Bates, C, Bacon, S, Walker, AJ, Evans, D, Inglesby, P, Mehrkar, A, Curtis, HJ, DeVito, NJ, Croker, R, Drysdale, H, Cockburn, J, Parry, J, Hester, F, Harper, S, Douglas, IJ, Tomlinson, L, Evans, SJW, Grieve, R, Harrison, D, Rowan, K, Khunti, K, Chaturvedi, N, Smeeth, L, Ben, G, Mathur, R, Rentsch, CT, Morton, CE, Hulme, WJ, Schultze, A, MacKenna, B, Eggo, RM, Bhaskaran, K, Wong, AYS, Williamson, EJ, Forbes, H, Wing, K, McDonald, H, Bates, C, Bacon, S, Walker, AJ, Evans, D, Inglesby, P, Mehrkar, A, Curtis, HJ, DeVito, NJ, Croker, R, Drysdale, H, Cockburn, J, Parry, J, Hester, F, Harper, S, Douglas, IJ, Tomlinson, L, Evans, SJW, Grieve, R, Harrison, D, Rowan, K, Khunti, K, Chaturvedi, N, Smeeth, L, and Ben, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority ethnic populations in the UK. Our aim was to quantify ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. METHODS: We conducted an observational cohort study of adults (aged ≥18 years) registered with primary care practices in England for whom electronic health records were available through the OpenSAFELY platform, and who had at least 1 year of continuous registration at the start of each study period (Feb 1 to Aug 3, 2020 [wave 1], and Sept 1 to Dec 31, 2020 [wave 2]). Individual-level primary care data were linked to data from other sources on the outcomes of interest: SARS-CoV-2 testing and positive test results and COVID-19-related hospital admissions, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and death. The exposure was self-reported ethnicity as captured on the primary care record, grouped into five high-level census categories (White, South Asian, Black, other, and mixed) and 16 subcategories across these five categories, as well as an unknown ethnicity category. We used multivariable Cox regression to examine ethnic differences in the outcomes of interest. Models were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, clinical factors and comorbidities, and household size, with stratification by geographical region. FINDINGS: Of 17 288 532 adults included in the study (excluding care home residents), 10 877 978 (62·9%) were White, 1 025 319 (5·9%) were South Asian, 340 912 (2·0%) were Black, 170 484 (1·0%) were of mixed ethnicity, 320 788 (1·9%) were of other ethnicity, and 4 553 051 (26·3%) were of unknown ethnicity. In wave 1, the likelihood of being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection was slightly higher in the South Asian group (adjusted hazard ratio 1·08 [95% CI 1·07-1·09]), Black group (1·08 [1·06-1·09]), and mixed ethnicity group (1·04 [1·02-1·05]) and was decreased in the other ethnicity group (0·77 [0·76-0·78]) relative to the

Published
2021

33. Synchronous versus sequential chemo-radiotherapy in patients with early stage breast cancer (SECRAB): A randomised, phase III, trial

Author

Fernando, IN, Bowden, SJ, Herring, K, Brookes, CL, Ahmed, I, Marshall, A, Grieve, R, Churn, M, Spooner, D, Latief, TN, Agrawal, RK, Brunt, AM, Stevens, A, Goodman, A, Canney, P, Bishop, J, Ritchie, D, Dunn, J, Poole, CJ, Rea, DW, and SECRAB Investigators

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, RM, medicine.medical_treatment, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, RC0254, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Internal medicine, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, In patient, Stage (cooking), skin and connective tissue diseases, neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Intention-to-treat analysis, Radiotherapy, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Hematology, medicine.disease, R1, Confidence interval, Chemo-radiotherapy, Radiation therapy, Clinical trial, stomatognathic diseases, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, RC
Abstract

Highlights • SECRAB is the largest chemo-radiotherapy trial to date in early breast cancer. • SECRAB showed a positive therapeutic benefit of using adjuvant synchronous chemo-radiotherapy. • Synchronous chemo-radiotherapy should be used for ≤ 3 week radiotherapy schedules. • SECRAB results are applicable to patients having CMF or anthracycline-CMF schedules. • Overall survival outcome may increase for patients receiving synchronous anthracycline-CMF., Summary Background The optimal sequence of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer is unknown. SECRAB assesses whether local control can be improved without increased toxicity. Methods SECRAB was a prospective, open-label, multi-centre, phase III trial comparing synchronous to sequential chemo-radiotherapy, conducted in 48 UK centres. Patients with invasive, early stage breast cancer were eligible. Randomisation (performed using random permuted block assignment) was stratified by centre, axillary surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy boost. Permitted chemotherapy regimens included CMF and anthracycline-CMF. Synchronous radiotherapy was administered between cycles two and three for CMF or five and six for anthracycline-CMF. Sequential radiotherapy was delivered on chemotherapy completion. Radiotherapy schedules included 40 Gy/15F over three weeks, and 50 Gy/25F over five weeks. The primary outcome was local recurrence at five and ten years, defined as time to local recurrence, and analysed by intention to treat. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00003893. Findings Between 02-July-1998 and 25-March-2004, 2297 patients were recruited (1150 synchronous and 1146 sequential). Baseline characteristics were balanced. With 10.2 years median follow-up, the ten-year local recurrence rates were 4.6% and 7.1% in the synchronous and sequential arms respectively (hazard ratio (HR) 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.90; p = 0.012). In a planned sub-group analysis of anthracycline-CMF, the ten-year local recurrence rates difference were 3.5% versus 6.7% respectively (HR 0.48 95% CI: 0.26–0.88; p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival. 24% of patients on the synchronous arm suffered moderate/severe acute skin reactions compared to 15% on the sequential arm (p

Published
2020

34. A comparison of methods for health policy evaluation with controlled pre-post designs

Author

O'Neill, S, Kreif, N, Sutton, M, Grieve, R, O'Neill, S, Kreif, N, Sutton, M, and Grieve, R

Abstract

Objective To compare interactive fixed effects (IFE) and generalized synthetic control (GSC) methods to methods prevalent in health policy evaluation and re‐evaluate the impact of the hip fracture best practice tariffs introduced for hospitals in England in 2010. Data Sources Simulations and Hospital Episode Statistics. Study Design Best practice tariffs aimed to incentivize providers to deliver care in line with guidelines. Under the scheme, 62 providers received an additional payment for each hip fracture admission, while 49 providers did not. We estimate the impact using difference‐in‐differences (DiD), synthetic control (SC), IFE, and GSC methods. We contrast the estimation methods' performance in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Principal Findings Unlike DiD, SC, and IFE methods, the GSC method provided reliable estimates across a range of simulation scenarios and was preferred for this case study. The introduction of best practice tariffs led to a 5.9 (confidence interval: 2.0 to 9.9) percentage point increase in the proportion of patients having surgery within 48 hours and a statistically insignificant 0.6 (confidence interval: −1.4 to 0.4) percentage point reduction in 30‐day mortality. Conclusions The GSC approach is an attractive method for health policy evaluation. We cannot be confident that best practice tariffs were effective.

Published
2020

36. Neonatal ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide versus ventilatory support without inhaled nitric oxide for preterm infants with severe respiratory failure: the INNOVO multicentre randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN 17821339)

Author

Field, D., Elbourne, D., Truesdale, A., Grieve, R., Hardy, P., Fenton, A.C., Subhedar, N., Ahluwalia, J., Halliday, H.L., Stocks, J., Tomlin, K., and Normand, C.

Subjects
Infants (Premature) -- Care and treatment, Infants (Premature) -- Health aspects, Nitric oxide -- Dosage and administration, Artificial respiration -- Usage
Abstract

Background. Although inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) may be a promising treatment for newborn infants with severe respiratory failure, the results from 3 previous small trials were inconclusive. Methods. Infants of Findings. Recruited were 108 infants (55 allocated to receive iNO and 53 not allocated to receive iNO) from 15 neonatal units in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Fifty-nine percent (64 of 108) died, and 84% of the survivors (37 of 44) had signs of some impairment or disability, 9 (20%) of them classified as severely disabled. There was no evidence of an effect of iNO on the primary outcomes: death or severe disability at 1 year corrected age (relative risk [RR]: 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 1.29); death or supplemental oxygen on expected date of delivery (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.02); or death or supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.12). There was a trend for infants allocated to the iNO group to spend more time on the ventilator (log rank: 3.6), on supplemental oxygen (log rank: 1.4), and in hospital (log rank: 3.5) than those allocated to receive no iNO. This pattern predominantly reflected the infants who died. Mean total costs at 1 year corrected age were significantly higher in the iNO group, partly because of the costs of the gas but mainly because of the difference in initial hospitalization costs. Interpretation. Evidence of prolongation of intensive care and increased costs of such care, without clear beneficial effects, implies that iNO cannot be recommended for preterm infants with severe hypoxic respiratory failure. Pediatrics 2005;115:926-936; neonatal intensive care, nitric oxide, ventilation, preterm infants., ABBREVIATIONS. NO, nitric oxide; iNO, inhaled nitric oxide; INNOVO, Neonatal Ventilation With Inhaled Nitric Oxide Versus Ventilatory Support Without Inhaled Nitric Oxide for Preterm Infants With Severe Respiratory Failure; OI, [...]

Published
2005

46. The Rochechouart 2017-Cores Rescaled: Major Features

Author

Lambert, P., Alwmark, C., Baratoux, D., Bouley, S., Brack, A., Bruneton, P., Buchner, E., Dence, M. R., Courtin Nomade, A., Duhamel Achin, I., Floch, J. P., French, B. M., Fudge, C., Gattacceca, J., Gibson, R. L., Goderis, S., Grieve, R. A. F., Hauser, N., Hodges, K. V., Hörz, F., Humayun, M., Jourdan, F., Kelley, S. P., Kenkmann, T., Kring, D. A., Langenhorst, F., Lebreton, J. P., Lee, M. R., Lindgren, P., Lofi, J., Lorand, J. P., Luais, B., Masaitis, V., Meunier, A., Moore, C. B., Ormö, J., Osinski, G. R., Petit, S., Pezard, P. R., Pölchau, M., Pohl, J., Quesnel, Y., Jamboz, C., Reeves, H., Reimold, U. W., Rochette, P., Sapers, H. M., Schmieder, M., Schultz, P. H., Susanne Petra Schwenzer, Sharp, T., Schoemaker, C. S., Simpson, S. L., Stöffler, D., Sturkell, E., Trumel, H., Walton, E., Westall, F., Wittmann, A., Wünnemann, K., Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre International de Recherches et de Restitution sur les Impacts et sur Rochechouart (CIRIR), Department of Geology [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Géosciences (AREVA-BU Mines), Groupe AREVA, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Geosciences - Earth Sciences [Fribourg], University of Fribourg, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Laboratoire Pierre Süe (LPS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Brown University, Arizona Geological Survey, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), CEA Le Ripault (CEA Le Ripault), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Alberta, LUAIS, Béatrice, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), UMR 7328 CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans (UO), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Glasgow], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), CEA-CNRS UMR 9956, CEA Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CIRIR, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Fribourg = University of Fribourg (UNIFR)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

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