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1. Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project

Author

Wendisch, M., Brückner, M., Crewell, Susanne, Ehrlich, A., Notholt, J., Lüpkes, C., Macke, A., Burrows, J. P., Rinke, A., Quaas, J., Maturilli, M., Schemann, V., Shupe, M. D., Akansu, E. F., Barrientos-Velasco, C., Bärfuss, K., Blechschmidt, A.-M., Block, K., Bougoudis, I., Bozem, H., Böckmann, C., Bracher, A., Bresson, H., Bretschneider, L., Buschmann, M., Chechin, D. G., Chylik, J., Dahlke, S., Deneke, H., Dethloff, K., Donth, T., Dorn, W., Dupuy, R., Ebell, K., Egerer, U., Engelmann, R., Eppers, O., Gerdes, R., Gierens, R., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Gottschalk, M., Griesche, H., Gryanik, V. M., Handorf, D., Harm-Altstädter, B., Hartmann, J., Hartmann, M., Heinold, B., Herber, A., Herrmann, H., Heygster, G., Höschel, I., Hofmann, Z., Hölemann, J., Hünerbein, A., Jafariserajehlou, S., Jäkel, E., Jacobi, C., Janout, M., Jansen, F., Jourdan, O., Jurányi, Z., Kalesse-Los, H., Kanzow, T., Käthner, R., Kliesch, L. L., Klingebiel, M., Knudsen, E. M., Kovács, T., Körtke, W., Krampe, D., Kretzschmar, J., Kreyling, D., Kulla, B., Kunkel, D., Lampert, A., Lauer, M., Lelli, L., von Lerber, A., Linke, O., Löhnert, U., Lonardi, M., Losa, S. N., Losch, M., Maahn, M., Mech, M., Mei, L., Mertes, S., Metzner, E., Mewes, D., Michaelis, J., Mioche, G., Moser, Manuel, Nakoudi, K., Neggers, R., Neuber, R., Nomokonova, T., Oelker, J., Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I., Pätzold, F., Pefanis, V., Pohl, C., van Pinxteren, M., Radovan, A., Rhein, M., Rex, Markus, Richter, A., Risse, N., Ritter, C., Rostosky, P., Rozanov, V. V., Ruiz Donoso, E., Saavedra-Garfias, P., Salzmann, M., Schacht, J., Schäfer, M., Schneider, J., Schnierstein, N., Seifert, P., Seo, S., Siebert, H., Soppa, M. A., Spreen, G., Stachlewska, I. S., Stapf, J., Stratmann, F., Tegen, I., Viceto, C., Voigt, Christiane, Vountas, M., Walbröl, A., Walter, M., Wehner, B., Wex, H., Willmes, S., Zanatta, M., Zeppenfeld, S., Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], clouds, Arctic amplification
Abstract

Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.

Published
2023
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2. Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project

Author

Wendisch, M, Brückner, M, Crewell, S, Ehrlich, A, Notholt, J, Lüpkes, C, Macke, A, Burrows, JP, Rinke, A, Quaas, J, Maturilli, M, Schemann, V, Shupe, MD, Akansu, EF, Barrientos-Velasco, C, Bärfuss, K, Blechschmidt, A-M, Block, K, Bougoudis, I, Bozem, H, Böckmann, C, Bracher, A, Bresson, H, Bretschneider, L, Buschmann, M, Chechin, DG, Chylik, J, Dahlke, S, Deneke, H, Dethloff, K, Donth, T, Dorn, W, Dupuy, R, Ebell, K, Egerer, U, Engelmann, R, Eppers, O, Gerdes, R, Gierens, R, Gorodetskaya, IV, Gottschalk, M, Griesche, H, Gryanik, VM, Handorf, D, Harm-Altstädter, B, Hartmann, J, Hartmann, M, Heinold, B, Herber, A, Herrmann, H, Heygster, G, Höschel, I, Hofmann, Z, Hölemann, J, Hünerbein, A, Jafariserajehlou, S, Jäkel, E, Jacobi, C, Janout, M, Jansen, F, Jourdan, O, Jurányi, Z, Kalesse-Los, H, Kanzow, T, Käthner, R, Kliesch, LL, Klingebiel, M, Knudsen, EM, Kovács, T, Körtke, W, Krampe, D, Kretzschmar, J, Kreyling, D, Kulla, B, Kunkel, D, Lampert, A, Lauer, M, Lelli, L, von Lerber, A, Linke, O, Löhnert, U, Lonardi, M, Losa, SN, Losch, M, Maahn, M, Mech, M, Mei, L, Mertes, S, Metzner, E, Mewes, D, Michaelis, J, Mioche, G, Moser, M, Nakoudi, K, Neggers, R, Neuber, R, Nomokonova, T, Oelker, J, Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I, Pätzold, F, Pefanis, V, Pohl, C, van Pinxteren, M, Radovan, A, Rhein, M, Rex, M, Richter, A, Risse, N, Ritter, C, Rostosky, P, Rozanov, VV, Donoso, E Ruiz, Saavedra Garfias, P, Salzmann, M, Schacht, J, Schäfer, M, Schneider, J, Schnierstein, N, Seifert, P, Seo, S, Siebert, H, Soppa, MA, Spreen, G, Stachlewska, IS, Stapf, J, Stratmann, F, Tegen, I, Viceto, C, Voigt, C, Vountas, M, Walbröl, A, Walter, M, Wehner, B, Wex, H, Willmes, S, Zanatta, M, Zeppenfeld, S, Wendisch, M, Brückner, M, Crewell, S, Ehrlich, A, Notholt, J, Lüpkes, C, Macke, A, Burrows, JP, Rinke, A, Quaas, J, Maturilli, M, Schemann, V, Shupe, MD, Akansu, EF, Barrientos-Velasco, C, Bärfuss, K, Blechschmidt, A-M, Block, K, Bougoudis, I, Bozem, H, Böckmann, C, Bracher, A, Bresson, H, Bretschneider, L, Buschmann, M, Chechin, DG, Chylik, J, Dahlke, S, Deneke, H, Dethloff, K, Donth, T, Dorn, W, Dupuy, R, Ebell, K, Egerer, U, Engelmann, R, Eppers, O, Gerdes, R, Gierens, R, Gorodetskaya, IV, Gottschalk, M, Griesche, H, Gryanik, VM, Handorf, D, Harm-Altstädter, B, Hartmann, J, Hartmann, M, Heinold, B, Herber, A, Herrmann, H, Heygster, G, Höschel, I, Hofmann, Z, Hölemann, J, Hünerbein, A, Jafariserajehlou, S, Jäkel, E, Jacobi, C, Janout, M, Jansen, F, Jourdan, O, Jurányi, Z, Kalesse-Los, H, Kanzow, T, Käthner, R, Kliesch, LL, Klingebiel, M, Knudsen, EM, Kovács, T, Körtke, W, Krampe, D, Kretzschmar, J, Kreyling, D, Kulla, B, Kunkel, D, Lampert, A, Lauer, M, Lelli, L, von Lerber, A, Linke, O, Löhnert, U, Lonardi, M, Losa, SN, Losch, M, Maahn, M, Mech, M, Mei, L, Mertes, S, Metzner, E, Mewes, D, Michaelis, J, Mioche, G, Moser, M, Nakoudi, K, Neggers, R, Neuber, R, Nomokonova, T, Oelker, J, Papakonstantinou-Presvelou, I, Pätzold, F, Pefanis, V, Pohl, C, van Pinxteren, M, Radovan, A, Rhein, M, Rex, M, Richter, A, Risse, N, Ritter, C, Rostosky, P, Rozanov, VV, Donoso, E Ruiz, Saavedra Garfias, P, Salzmann, M, Schacht, J, Schäfer, M, Schneider, J, Schnierstein, N, Seifert, P, Seo, S, Siebert, H, Soppa, MA, Spreen, G, Stachlewska, IS, Stapf, J, Stratmann, F, Tegen, I, Viceto, C, Voigt, C, Vountas, M, Walbröl, A, Walter, M, Wehner, B, Wex, H, Willmes, S, Zanatta, M, and Zeppenfeld, S

Abstract

Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.

Published
2023

3. Low-level Arctic clouds: The hidden key component of the radiation budget

Author

Griesche, H., Barrientos-Velasco, C., Deneke, H., Hühnerbein, A., Seifert, P., and Macke, A.

Abstract

To understand the feedbacks driving the amplified changes in the Arctic a quantification of the contribution of the involved processes is necessary. Here a detailed study of low-level Arctic clouds on the surface radiation budget is presented. These clouds frequently occur below the lowest detection range of most state-of-the-art remote-sensing instruments and were observed in summertime during 25% of the time over the marginal sea ice zone. The low altitude of these clouds poses challenges on their observation and characterization by remote-sensing techniques. Ground-based remote sensing and surface radiation flux measurements performed during the Arctic cruise PS106 in 2017 were combined with radiative transfer simulations to study low-level clouds. A multiwavelength lidar PollyXT with near-range observations capabilities down to 50m and a cloud radar with a lowest detection limit at 165m altitude were operated continuously. The liquid-water microphysical properties of clouds missed by the cloud radar were estimated using measurements of a microwave radiometer HATPRO and the lidar-detected cloud base. Thereby the surface radiative effect of these clouds was quantified. A closure between the observed and modelled radiative surface fluxes was achieved with a realistic representation of low-level liquid-containing clouds in the radiative transfer model. When omitting these low-level clouds, the cloud radiative effect at the surface was misestimated by 43Wm−2. The presented study highlights the importance of improving cloud retrievals for low-level liquid-containing clouds as they are frequently encountered in the high Arctic, together with observational capabilities, both in terms of cloud remote sensing and radiative flux observations., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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4. Investigation of radiative closure and cloud radiative effects based on ground-based and satellite observations during MOSAiC

Author

Barrientos Velasco, C., Griesche, H., Hünerbein, A., Macke, A., Seifert, P., Shupe, M., Witthuhn, J., and Deneke, H.

Abstract

Significant uncertainties in the prediction of future warming in the Arctic arise from our lack of understanding of governing processes, including cloud radiative feedbacks.The present study compares preliminary simulations of 1D radiative fluxes based on the Cloudnet and ShupeTurner cloud retrievals for the yearlong Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition.The analysis is conducted in the context of a radiative closure study at the surface and the top-of-the atmosphere for the upward and downward broadband solar and terrestrial radiative fluxes. The consistency of our simulations and satellite-based estimates from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) are analysed by considering several atmospheric and surface-type conditions. Particular focus is given to the effect of clouds on the radiation budget.Based on our simulations and CERES estimates, we find that clouds increase the net radiative fluxes at the surface by about 35.5 W/m² for the entire MOSAiC expedition period. Nevertheless, based on in-situ observations, it is argued that significant uncertainties in the solar and terrestrial affect this estimate of cloud radiative effects. Our research will also address the spatiotemporal variability of clouds and how this might impact the comparison between the point-like ground measurements with the CERES satellite footprint., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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5. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition : Atmosphere

Author

Shupe, M. D., Rex, M., Blomquist, B., G. Persson, P. O., Schmale, J., Uttal, T., Althausen, D., Angot, H., Archer, S., Bariteau, L., Beck, I., Bilberry, J., Bucci, S., Buck, C., Boyer, M., Brasseur, Z., Brooks, I. M., Calmer, R., Cassano, J., Castro, V., Chu, D., Costa, D., Cox, C. J., Creamean, J., Crewell, S., Dahlke, S., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Deckelmann, H., Dethloff, K., Dütsch, M., Ebell, K., Ehrlich, A., Ellis, J., Engelmann, R., Fong, A. A., Frey, M. M., Gallagher, M. R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, R., Graeser, J., Greenamyer, V., Griesche, H., Griffiths, S., Hamilton, J., Heinemann, G., Helmig, D., Herber, A., Heuzé, C., Hofer, J., Houchens, T., Howard, D., Inoue, J., Jacobi, H. -W, Jaiser, R., Jokinen, T., Jourdan, O., Jozef, G., King, W., Kirchgaessner, A., Klingebiel, M., Krassovski, M., Krumpen, T., Lampert, A., Landing, W., Laurila, T., Lawrence, D., Lonardi, M., Loose, B., Lüpkes, C., Maahn, M., Macke, A., Maslowski, W., Marsay, C., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Morris, S., Moser, M., Nicolaus, M., Ortega, P., Osborn, J., Pätzold, F., Perovich, D. K., Petäjä, T., Pilz, C., Pirazzini, R., Posman, K., Powers, H., Pratt, K. A., Preußer, A., Quéléver, L., Radenz, M., Rabe, B., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Schulz, A., Siebert, H., Silva, T., Solomon, A., Sommerfeld, A., Spreen, G., Stephens, M., Stohl, A., Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, J., Viegas, J., Voigt, C., von der Gathen, P., Wehner, B., Welker, J. M., Wendisch, M., Werner, M., Xie, Z., Yue, F., Shupe, M. D., Rex, M., Blomquist, B., G. Persson, P. O., Schmale, J., Uttal, T., Althausen, D., Angot, H., Archer, S., Bariteau, L., Beck, I., Bilberry, J., Bucci, S., Buck, C., Boyer, M., Brasseur, Z., Brooks, I. M., Calmer, R., Cassano, J., Castro, V., Chu, D., Costa, D., Cox, C. J., Creamean, J., Crewell, S., Dahlke, S., Damm, E., de Boer, G., Deckelmann, H., Dethloff, K., Dütsch, M., Ebell, K., Ehrlich, A., Ellis, J., Engelmann, R., Fong, A. A., Frey, M. M., Gallagher, M. R., Ganzeveld, L., Gradinger, R., Graeser, J., Greenamyer, V., Griesche, H., Griffiths, S., Hamilton, J., Heinemann, G., Helmig, D., Herber, A., Heuzé, C., Hofer, J., Houchens, T., Howard, D., Inoue, J., Jacobi, H. -W, Jaiser, R., Jokinen, T., Jourdan, O., Jozef, G., King, W., Kirchgaessner, A., Klingebiel, M., Krassovski, M., Krumpen, T., Lampert, A., Landing, W., Laurila, T., Lawrence, D., Lonardi, M., Loose, B., Lüpkes, C., Maahn, M., Macke, A., Maslowski, W., Marsay, C., Maturilli, M., Mech, M., Morris, S., Moser, M., Nicolaus, M., Ortega, P., Osborn, J., Pätzold, F., Perovich, D. K., Petäjä, T., Pilz, C., Pirazzini, R., Posman, K., Powers, H., Pratt, K. A., Preußer, A., Quéléver, L., Radenz, M., Rabe, B., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Schulz, A., Siebert, H., Silva, T., Solomon, A., Sommerfeld, A., Spreen, G., Stephens, M., Stohl, A., Svensson, Gunilla, Uin, J., Viegas, J., Voigt, C., von der Gathen, P., Wehner, B., Welker, J. M., Wendisch, M., Werner, M., Xie, Z., and Yue, F.

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system s

Published
2022
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6. Overview of the MOSAiC expedition:atmosphere

Author

Shupe, M. D. (Matthew D.), Rex, M. (Markus), Blomquist, B. (Byron), Persson, P. O. (P. Ola G.), Schmale, J. (Julia), Uttal, T. (Taneil), Althausen, D. (Dietrich), Angot, H. (Helene), Archer, S. (Stephen), Bariteau, L. (Ludovic), Beck, I. (Ivo), Bilberry, J. (John), Bucci, S. (Silvia), Buck, C. (Clifton), Boyer, M. (Matt), Brasseur, Z. (Zoe), Brooks, I. M. (Ian M.), Calmer, R. (Radiance), Cassano, J. (John), Castro, V. (Vagner), Chu, D. (David), Costa, D. (David), Cox, C. J. (Christopher J.), Creamean, J. (Jessie), Crewell, S. (Susanne), Dahlke, S. (Sandro), Damm, E. (Ellen), de Boer, G. (Gijs), Deckelmann, H. (Holger), Dethloff, K. (Klaus), Duetsch, M. (Marina), Ebell, K. (Kerstin), Ehrlich, A. (Andre), Ellis, J. (Jody), Engelmann, R. (Ronny), Fong, A. A. (Allison A.), Frey, M. M. (Markus M.), Gallagher, M. R. (Michael R.), Ganzeveld, L. (Laurens), Gradinger, R. (Rolf), Graeser, J. (Juergen), Greenamyer, V. (Vernon), Griesche, H. (Hannes), Griffiths, S. (Steele), Hamilton, J. (Jonathan), Heinemann, G. (Guenther), Helmig, D. (Detlev), Herber, A. (Andreas), Heuze, C. (Celine), Hofer, J. (Julian), Houchens, T. (Todd), Howard, D. (Dean), Inoue, J. (Jun), Jacobi, H.-W. (Hans-Werner), Jaiser, R. (Ralf), Jokinen, T. (Tuija), Jourdan, O. (Olivier), Jozef, G. (Gina), King, W. (Wessley), Kirchgaessner, A. (Amelie), Klingebiel, M. (Marcus), Krassovski, M. (Misha), Krumpen, T. (Thomas), Lampert, A. (Astrid), Landing, W. (William), Laurila, T. (Tiia), Lawrence, D. (Dale), Lonardi, M. (Michael), Loose, B. (Brice), Luepkes, C. (Christof), Maahn, M. (Maximilian), Macke, A. (Andreas), Maslowski, W. (Wieslaw), Marsay, C. (Christopher), Maturilli, M. (Marion), Mech, M. (Mario), Morris, S. (Sara), Moser, M. (Manuel), Nicolaus, M. (Marcel), Ortega, P. (Paul), Osborn, J. (Jackson), Paetzold, F. (Falk), Perovich, D. K. (Donald K.), Petäjä, T. (Tuukka), Pilz, C. (Christian), Pirazzini, R. (Roberta), Posman, K. (Kevin), Powers, H. (Heath), Pratt, K. A. (Kerri A.), Preusser, A. (Andreas), Quelever, L. (Lauriane), Radenz, M. (Martin), Rabe, B. (Benjamin), Rinke, A. (Annette), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Schulz, A. (Alexander), Siebert, H. (Holger), Silva, T. (Tercio), Solomon, A. (Amy), Sommerfeld, A. (Anja), Spreen, G. (Gunnar), Stephens, M. (Mark), Stohl, A. (Andreas), Svensson, G. (Gunilla), Uin, J. (Janek), Viegas, J. (Juarez), Voigt, C. (Christiane), von der Gathen, P. (Peter), Wehner, B. (Birgit), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wendisch, M. (Manfred), Werner, M. (Martin), Xie, Z. (ZhouQing), Yue, F. (Fange), Shupe, M. D. (Matthew D.), Rex, M. (Markus), Blomquist, B. (Byron), Persson, P. O. (P. Ola G.), Schmale, J. (Julia), Uttal, T. (Taneil), Althausen, D. (Dietrich), Angot, H. (Helene), Archer, S. (Stephen), Bariteau, L. (Ludovic), Beck, I. (Ivo), Bilberry, J. (John), Bucci, S. (Silvia), Buck, C. (Clifton), Boyer, M. (Matt), Brasseur, Z. (Zoe), Brooks, I. M. (Ian M.), Calmer, R. (Radiance), Cassano, J. (John), Castro, V. (Vagner), Chu, D. (David), Costa, D. (David), Cox, C. J. (Christopher J.), Creamean, J. (Jessie), Crewell, S. (Susanne), Dahlke, S. (Sandro), Damm, E. (Ellen), de Boer, G. (Gijs), Deckelmann, H. (Holger), Dethloff, K. (Klaus), Duetsch, M. (Marina), Ebell, K. (Kerstin), Ehrlich, A. (Andre), Ellis, J. (Jody), Engelmann, R. (Ronny), Fong, A. A. (Allison A.), Frey, M. M. (Markus M.), Gallagher, M. R. (Michael R.), Ganzeveld, L. (Laurens), Gradinger, R. (Rolf), Graeser, J. (Juergen), Greenamyer, V. (Vernon), Griesche, H. (Hannes), Griffiths, S. (Steele), Hamilton, J. (Jonathan), Heinemann, G. (Guenther), Helmig, D. (Detlev), Herber, A. (Andreas), Heuze, C. (Celine), Hofer, J. (Julian), Houchens, T. (Todd), Howard, D. (Dean), Inoue, J. (Jun), Jacobi, H.-W. (Hans-Werner), Jaiser, R. (Ralf), Jokinen, T. (Tuija), Jourdan, O. (Olivier), Jozef, G. (Gina), King, W. (Wessley), Kirchgaessner, A. (Amelie), Klingebiel, M. (Marcus), Krassovski, M. (Misha), Krumpen, T. (Thomas), Lampert, A. (Astrid), Landing, W. (William), Laurila, T. (Tiia), Lawrence, D. (Dale), Lonardi, M. (Michael), Loose, B. (Brice), Luepkes, C. (Christof), Maahn, M. (Maximilian), Macke, A. (Andreas), Maslowski, W. (Wieslaw), Marsay, C. (Christopher), Maturilli, M. (Marion), Mech, M. (Mario), Morris, S. (Sara), Moser, M. (Manuel), Nicolaus, M. (Marcel), Ortega, P. (Paul), Osborn, J. (Jackson), Paetzold, F. (Falk), Perovich, D. K. (Donald K.), Petäjä, T. (Tuukka), Pilz, C. (Christian), Pirazzini, R. (Roberta), Posman, K. (Kevin), Powers, H. (Heath), Pratt, K. A. (Kerri A.), Preusser, A. (Andreas), Quelever, L. (Lauriane), Radenz, M. (Martin), Rabe, B. (Benjamin), Rinke, A. (Annette), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Schulz, A. (Alexander), Siebert, H. (Holger), Silva, T. (Tercio), Solomon, A. (Amy), Sommerfeld, A. (Anja), Spreen, G. (Gunnar), Stephens, M. (Mark), Stohl, A. (Andreas), Svensson, G. (Gunilla), Uin, J. (Janek), Viegas, J. (Juarez), Voigt, C. (Christiane), von der Gathen, P. (Peter), Wehner, B. (Birgit), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Wendisch, M. (Manfred), Werner, M. (Martin), Xie, Z. (ZhouQing), and Yue, F. (Fange)

Abstract

With the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge. The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled

Published
2022

8. Local and Remote Controls on Arctic Mixed‐Layer Evolution

Author

Neggers, R. A. J., Chylik, J., Egerer, U., Griesche, H., Schemann, V., Seifert, P., Siebert, H., Macke, A., Neggers, R. A. J., Chylik, J., Egerer, U., Griesche, H., Schemann, V., Seifert, P., Siebert, H., and Macke, A.

Published
2019

10. Atmospheric temperature, water vapour and liquid water path from two microwave radiometers during MOSAiC.

Author

Walbröl A, Crewell S, Engelmann R, Orlandi E, Griesche H, Radenz M, Hofer J, Althausen D, Maturilli M, and Ebell K

Abstract

The microwave radiometers HATPRO (Humidity and Temperature Profiler) and MiRAC-P (Microwave Radiometer for Arctic Clouds - Passive) continuously measured radiation emitted from the atmosphere throughout the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition on board the research vessel Polarstern. From the measured brightness temperatures, we have retrieved atmospheric variables using statistical methods in a temporal resolution of 1 s covering October 2019 to October 2020. The integrated water vapour (IWV) is derived individually from both radiometers. In addition, we present the liquid water path (LWP), temperature and absolute humidity profiles from HATPRO. To prove the quality and to estimate uncertainty, the data sets are compared to radiosonde measurements from Polarstern. The comparison shows an extremely good agreement for IWV, with standard deviations of 0.08-0.19 kg m -2 (0.39-1.47 kg m -2 ) in dry (moist) situations. The derived profiles of temperature and humidity denote uncertainties of 0.7-1.8 K and 0.6-0.45 gm -3 in 0-2 km altitude., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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