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2. How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor? Preliminary lessons from Latin America

Author

Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Porras, Ina, and Wunder, Sven

Subjects
Watershed management -- Analysis, Forest conservation -- Environmental aspects, Forest conservation -- Latin America, Forest ecology -- Analysis, Business, international, Economics, International relations
Abstract

Market mechanisms for forest environmental services are a new approach for conservation but there is also an increasing interest in the derived developmental benefits of these mechanisms. We first propose a conceptual framework for future research on the livelihood impacts of environmental service markets. We then review eight Latin American case studies on carbon sequestration and watershed protection market initiatives, finding positive local income effects in most cases, more land tenure security and socioinstitutional strengthening in some cases, but some negative effects also. We recommend pro-poor policy measures such as reducing smallholders transaction costs and removing inappropriate access restrictions. Key words--forests, environmental services, market mechanisms, livelihoods, conservation, poverty

Published
2005

4. Insect pollinators: linking research and policy

Author

Ambrose, Nick, Aston, David, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Bourke, Andrew, Breeze, Tom D., Brotherton, Peter, Brown, Mike, Chandler, Dave, Clook, Mark, Connolly, Christopher L., Costigan, Peter, Coulson, Mike, Cresswell, James, Dean, Robin, Dicks, Lynn V., Felicioli, Antonio, Fojt, Otakar, Gallai, Nicola, Genersch, Elke, Godfray, Charles, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Halstead, Andrew, Harding, Debbie, Harris, Brian, Hartfield, Chris, Heard, Matt S., Herren, Barbara, Howarth, Julie, Ings, Thomas, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra M., Kunin, Williams E., Lewis, Gavin, MacEwen, Alison, Maus, Christian, McIntosh, Liz, Millar, Neil S., Neumann, Peter, Ollerton, Jeff, Olschewski, Roland, Osborne, Juliet L., Paxton, Robert J., Pettis, Jeff, Phillipson, Belinda, Potts, Simon G., Pywell, Richard, Rasmont, Pierre, Roberts, Stuart P.M., Salles, Jean-Michel, Schweiger, Oliver, Sima, Peter, Thompson, Helen, Titera, Dalibor, Vaissière, Bernard, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P., Webster, Sarah, Wentworth, Jonathan, Wright, Géraldine A., and Vanbergen, Adam J.

Subjects
insecte pollinisateur, nutrition, pollinisation, pesticide, évaluation économique
Published
2012

5. Insect pollinators: linking research and policy

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Ambrose, Nick, Aston, David, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Bourke, Andrew, Breeze, Tom D., Brotherton, Peter, Brown, Mike, Chandler, Dave, Clook, Mark, Connolly, Christopher L., Costigan, Peter, Coulson, MiKe, Cresswell, James, Dean, Robin, Dicks, Lynn V., Felicioli, Antonio, Fojt, Otakar, Gallai, Nicola, Genersch, Elke, Godfray, Charles, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Halstead, Andrew, Harding, Debbie, Harris, Brian, Hartfield, Chris, Heard, Matt S., Herren, Barbara, Howarth, Julie, Ings, Thomas, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra M., Kunin, Williams E., Lewis, Gavin, MacEwen, Alison, Maus, Christian, McIntosh, Liz, Millar, Neil S., Neumann, Peter, Ollerton, Jeff, Olschewski, Roland, Osborne, Juliet L., Paxton, Robert J., Pettis, Jeff, Phillipson, Belinda, Potts, Simon G., Pywell, Richard, Rasmont, Pierre, Roberts, Stuart P.M., Salles, Jean-Michel, Schweiger, Oliver, Sima, Peter, Thompson, Helen, Titera, Dalibor, Vaissière, Bernard, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P., Webster, Sarah, Wentworth, Jonathan, Wright, Geraldine A., NERC, Scottish Government-SASA, Partenaires INRAE, British Beekeepers Association, University of Leeds, NCB Naturalis, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading (UOR), Natural England, Food and Environment Research Agency, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick [Coventry], Health and Safety Executive, University of Dundee, Dept Food Environm & Rural Affairs Defra, Syngenta Ltd, University of Exeter, The Red Beehive Co. Ltd, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universita degli studi di Pisa, UK Science and Innovation Network, Ecole Nationale de Formation Agronomique de Toulouse (ENFA), Institute for Bee Research Hohen Neuendorf, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), Royal Horticultural Society, Polaris House, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), National Farmers' Union, Food and Agriculture Organization, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), Institut of Ecology, JSC International Ltd, Bayer Pharma AG [Berlin], Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Swiss Bee Research Centre, University of Northampton, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Institute for Biology, University of Bergen (UiB), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Université de Mons (UMons), Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Koppert Biological Systems, Bee Research Institute, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Parliamentary Office for Science and Technology, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Abeilles et environnement (AE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012
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6. Sustainable financing of protected areas in Cambodia: Phnom Aural and Phnom Samkos wildlife sanctuaries

Author

Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, de la Harpe, Derek, McGinley, John, MacGregor, James, and Bond, Ivan

Subjects
Markets, Economics, Natural Resources, Cambodia, Wildlife, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy
Abstract

In order to increase protected area revenue, and as part of a drive for national economic development, the Cambodian government is starting to issue economic concessions in 'sustainable development zones' of of protected areas. The Phnom Aural and Phnom Samkos wildlife sanctuaries cover nearly 600,000 ha and are important for biodiversity conservation and environmental services. They are home to about 30,000 people who rely on subsistence agriculture, cattle raising, and collection of non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Under the Cardamom Mountains Wildlife Sanctuaries Project, a joint project of the Cambodian Ministry of Environment and Fauna and Flora International, zoning plans have been developed for both sanctuaries through participatory consultation with local stakeholders. But the sanctuaries face threats from clearance of land by in-migrating settlers and the granting of economic concessions. Management of the wildlife sanctuaries is currently heavily dependent on donor finance and there is concern about post project sustainability. Thus there is a need to develop long-term sustainable finance for their management. Part of this challenge is demonstrating the value to Cambodia of continuing to protect the two sanctuaries. This will help to make the case for greater government support to the management of the sanctuaries whether through financial input or through discouraging/preventing economic activities that undermine the effectiveness of protection. This paper reports on a study to provide a set of options for the locally-derived sustainable financing of Phnom Samkos and Phnom Aural. The study has two main components: ecological services valuation - assessing the economic value of the direct and indirect ecosystem services provided by the two sanctuaries, and the potential costs/benefits of allowing continuing land conversion and illegal logging; and protected area financing - assessing the costs of maintaining management activities and recommendations for generating funds.

Published
2008

7. Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions:Mitigation options and trade-offs

Author

Wollenberg, Eva, Tapio-Bistrom, Marja-Liisa, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Nihart, Alison, Herrero, Mario, Thornton, Philip K., Havlík, Petr, Rufino, Mariana, Wollenberg, Eva, Tapio-Bistrom, Marja-Liisa, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Nihart, Alison, Herrero, Mario, Thornton, Philip K., Havlík, Petr, and Rufino, Mariana

Published
2013

8. Insect pollinators: linking research and policy. Workshop report.

Author

Vanbergen, Adam J., Ambrose, Nick, Aston, David, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Bourke, Andrew, Breeze, Tom, Brotherton, Peter, Brown, Mike, Chandler, Dave, Clook, Mark, Connolly, Christopher N., Costigan, Peter, Coulson, Mike, Cresswell, James, Dean, Robin, Dicks, Lynne, Felicioli, Antonio, Fojt, Otakar, Gallai, Nicola, Genersch, Elke, Godfray, Charles, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Halstead, Andrew, Harding, Debbie, Harris, Brian, Hartfield, Chris, Heard, Matt S., Herren, Barbara, Howarth, Julie, Ings, Thomas, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra, Kunin, William E., Lewis, Gavin, MacEwen, Alison, Maus, Christian, McIntosh, Liz, Millar, Neil S., Neumann, Peter, Ollerton, Jeff, Olschewski, Roland, Osborne, Juliet L., Paxton, Robert J., Pettis, Jeff, Phillipson, Belinda, Potts, Simon G., Pywell, Richard, Rasmont, Pierre, Roberts, Stuart, Salles, Jean-Michel, Schweiger, Oliver, Sima, Peter, Thompson, Helen, Titera, Dalibor, Vaissiere, Bernard, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen, Webster, Sarah, Wentworth, Jonathan, Wright, Geraldine A., Vanbergen, Adam J., Ambrose, Nick, Aston, David, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Bourke, Andrew, Breeze, Tom, Brotherton, Peter, Brown, Mike, Chandler, Dave, Clook, Mark, Connolly, Christopher N., Costigan, Peter, Coulson, Mike, Cresswell, James, Dean, Robin, Dicks, Lynne, Felicioli, Antonio, Fojt, Otakar, Gallai, Nicola, Genersch, Elke, Godfray, Charles, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Halstead, Andrew, Harding, Debbie, Harris, Brian, Hartfield, Chris, Heard, Matt S., Herren, Barbara, Howarth, Julie, Ings, Thomas, Kleijn, David, Klein, Alexandra, Kunin, William E., Lewis, Gavin, MacEwen, Alison, Maus, Christian, McIntosh, Liz, Millar, Neil S., Neumann, Peter, Ollerton, Jeff, Olschewski, Roland, Osborne, Juliet L., Paxton, Robert J., Pettis, Jeff, Phillipson, Belinda, Potts, Simon G., Pywell, Richard, Rasmont, Pierre, Roberts, Stuart, Salles, Jean-Michel, Schweiger, Oliver, Sima, Peter, Thompson, Helen, Titera, Dalibor, Vaissiere, Bernard, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen, Webster, Sarah, Wentworth, Jonathan, and Wright, Geraldine A.

Abstract

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  Pollinators interact with plants to underpin wider biodiversity, ecosystem function, ecosystem services to agricultural crops and ultimately human nutrition. The conservation of pollinators is thus an important goal.  Pollinators and pollination represent a tractable example of how biodiversity can be linked to an ecosystem service. This represents a case study for exploring the impacts of various policy instruments aiming to halt/reverse the loss of ecosystem services.  There is a need to understand how multiple pressures (e.g. habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation, climate change, pests and diseases, invasive species and environmental chemicals) can combine or interact to affect diversity, abundance and health of different pollinator groups.  Decision makers need to balance consideration of the effects of single pressures on pollinators against the suite of other pressures on pollinators. For instance, the threat from pesticide use (with its high public and media profile) also needs to be considered in the context of the other threats facing pollinators and balanced against the need for food security. An independent review of the balance of risks across pollinator groups from pesticide use would help synthesise current knowledge into an accessible form for decision makers.  To manage or lessen these threats to pollinators (wild and managed) and pollination requires improved knowledge about their basic ecology. We still need to know where and in what numbers different pollinator species occur, how they use different environments, how they interact with each other through shared plants and diseases and how wild pollinator abundance is changing.  Decision makers need clear factual evidence for i) the relative contribution of different managed and wild pollinator groups to wildflower and crop pollination and ii) how this varies across different land-uses, ecosystems and regions.  Addressing these basic and applied questions will improve

Published
2012

9. Fiscal Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecologico in Brazil

Author

Grieg-Gran, Maryanne

Subjects
Environmental Economics and Policy
Abstract

This paper evaluates an innovative tax revenue-sharing scheme in Brazil, designed to promote the conservation and management of protected areas. Known as the 'CMS Ecologico', the scheme was introduced by the state of Parana in Brazil and subsequently by several other states. The scheme aims to compensate municipal governments for the loss of potential tax revenue from the designation of protected areas (mainly by the state and federal government). It is also intended to have an incentive effect, encouraging both better management of existing protected areas as well as the designation of new conservation areas. The paper examines the experience with the ICMS Ecológico in the states of Minas Gerais and Rondonia, two states which present a marked contrast in terms of land use, population density and forest resources. It considers the extent to which the compensation and incentive objectives have been achieved in the two states. The distributional impact of the ICMS Ecologico is also examined through an analysis of the characteristics of the counties which are winners or losers under the scheme.

Published
2000
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11. Chapter 16: Economics, the Precautionary Principle and Natural Resource Management: Key Issues, Tools and Practices.

Author

Emerton, Lucy, Grieg-Gran, Maryanne, Kallesoe, Mikkel, and MacGregor, James

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL heterogeneity, PRECAUTIONARY principle, ECONOMIC models, ENVIRONMENTAL economics
Abstract

Chapter 16 of the book "Biodiversity & the Precautionary Principle: Risk and Uncertainty in Conservation and Sustainable Use," edited by Rosie Cooney and Barney Dickson is presented. It seeks to provide an economic framework for understanding and implementing the precautionary principle. It also determines the primary economic issues and assumptions related to the implementation of the precautionary principle in practice.

Published
2005

13. Towards a Sustainable Paper Cycle: A Summary

Author

Grieg‐Gran, Maryanne, primary, Bass, Stephen, additional, Bishop, Joshua, additional, Roberts, Sarah, additional, Sandbrook, Richard, additional, Robins, Nick, additional, Bazett, Michael, additional, Gadhvi, Varsha, additional, and Subak, Susan, additional

Published
1997
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14. Economies grow on trees.

Author

Grieg-Gran, Maryanne and BASS, STEVE

Abstract

The article reports on the complete revision of the economic strategies by countries struggling to tackle recession and reducing high level of public debt. It states the countries are looking towards resource efficient and ecologically sound strategies, where forests play a vital role. It states forests are a renewable resource and their products are also recyclable and biodegradable. It states the revision of economic strategies also entails stopping of bad practices like deforestation.

Published
2011

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