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Silver oak (Grevillea robusta A Cunn ex R Br), an evergreen tree belonging to family Proteaceae is native to Australia -- New South Wales and Queensland. An experiment was conducted to observe the likely impact of elevated temperature on growth behavior, biomass accumulation and physiological response of seedlings of silver oak grown in pot under open top chamber conditions. The present study examined the early growth of silver oak and other related parameters under elevated temperature for two months as compared to ambient air. Results showed more growth in plant along with increased leaf area, height and number of leaves per plant. Various other parameters like leaf area index, moisture content of leaves and shoot and root were determined. The physiological traits like photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Cleome quinquenervia (Cleomaceae) species is reported as a new record for the flora of Turkey based on the samples collected from Şanlıurfa, Mardin, and Adıyaman provinces. A detailed description and particular photographs of this species are given based on the large number of specimens collected. The meticulous comparison of the descriptions of the C. quinquenervia species and the information obtained in this study were made by examining the floras of the nearby countries. In addition, the systematical, ethnobotanical, and pharmacological features of the genus Cleome are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire regimes control the population dynamics of fireprone plant species. Here, I re-analyse the data acquired in a study of the conservation requirements of a rare, fire-killed grevillea. I conclude that specific knowledge is required on the rate at which seeds accumulate in the soil, and the effect of fire frequency on population dynamics for a comprehensive understanding of the conservation biology of this species. Modelling indicates that fires at intervals in the order of multiple decades and covering at least 60% of the ground surface are optimal for this species, independently of the type of fire employed. Population modelling of a fire-killed grevillea shows that fire frequency (preferably exceeding 30-year intervals) and the extent of fire coverage (preferably exceeding 60% of the ground surface) are crucial factors in enhancing the conservation status of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grevillea tesselata Olde is described here as a new species from south-west Western Australia, known only from a small population in a fragmented roadside landscape, and previously recognised under the phrase name Grevillea sp. Trayning (W. Johnston WJ 071). Following the Flora of Australia, the new species keys to the Grevillea Acacioides Group which comprises only three species, G. endlicheriana Meisn., G. acacioides C.A.Gardner ex McGill. and G. gordoniana C.A.Gardner. A binary assessment of 50 morphological characters presented here supports the view that G. acacioides and G. endlicheriana are sister species. A key to the new species is provided and its distribution updated. Grevillea tesselata has a Priority One Conservation Code according to the Western Australian Herbarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct citation for Grevillea manglesii (Proteaceae) is G. manglesii Pépin (1838). A neotype is here selected from among historic collections, now at Paris (P). Should the minimal description provided by Pépin be successfully challenged as inadequate, the name would not change but the revised authority would be Grevillea manglesii (Graham) A.Baumann and N.Baumann (1843). The origins and complex taxonomic and horticultural history of G. manglesii and its synonyms Manglesia glabrata Lindl., Anadenia manglesii Graham, Grevillea manglesii Hort., Manglesia trilobata Hort. ex Ettingsh., and Manglesia cuneata Endl. are outlined and discussed, together with new insights discerned from James Mangles' unpublished Letter Books. The important role of Captain James Mangles R.N. to the botany and horticulture of Grevillea manglesii is reviewed and historical errors are corrected. Manglesia glabrata Lindl. is lectotypified. G. ornithopoda Meisn. is reinstated at specific rank and G. dissectifolia (McGill.) Olde is published as a new combination. Both are phenetically diagnosable without intergrades and occur in discrete populations that sometimes overlap the distribution of related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grevillea gilmourii Olde and G. milleriana Olde, two species new to science, are described. They are putative members of the Aspleniifolia/Hookeriana Subgroup of the Grevillea Pteridifolia Group. Grevillea gilmourii is separated from G. macleayana (McGill) Olde & Marriott where it had previously been treated as the 'Deua form', a geographically disjunct, divided-leaf variant. The separate formal recognition of G. gilmourii here necessitates a revised delineation of G. macleayana to restrict it to populations with undivided leaves only, incorporating recent clarification to terminology in relation to leaf lobing. Grevillea milleriana is a recent discovery from the Maddens Plains area, south of Sydney. Known from a single plant, its recognition as a biological species rather than as a self-sown hybrid is discussed. All three species are linked morphologically and historically to the Victorian species G. barklyana F.Muell. ex Benth., which remains taxonomically unaltered from recent treatments. For the sake of convenience, all four species (G. barklyana, G. macleayana, G. gilmourii and G. milleriana) are grouped informally into an alliance, the Grevillea barklyana alliance, for which diagnostic characters are outlined and two identification keys are given. Both newly described species have divided leaves and are known from only small populations. Conservation recommendations are provided for both new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four species are added to the Grevillea thelemanniana Group, the constituency of which is discussed in light of recent phylogenetic analyses. Two new species are described. Grevillea cooljarloo Keighery and Olde was previously included by some in Grevillea preissii Meisn. subsp. preissii or as G. pinaster divided-leaf form, and is presently known informally as Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. Cooljarloo (B.J. Keighery 28B) by the Western Australian Herbarium. Grevillea gillingarra Olde and Keighery has previously been confused with G. thelemanniana Hügel ex Endl. Grevillea preissii subsp. glabrilimba Olde and Marriott is here recognised at specific rank, as G. glabrilimba (Olde and Marriott) Olde. Grevillea preissii is more narrowly circumscribed, in line with the original concept sensu Meisner (1845), without subspecies. A photo of the Blaschka glass model of Grevillea preissii is included with permission. The historical confusion between G. thelemanniana. and G. preissii is revisited. Grevillea variifolia subsp. bundera Keighery is recognised at species-level as G. bundera (Keighery) Olde and Keighery. A conservation assessment for all taxa is provided and a key to the revised Thelemanniana Group, as currently accepted, is supplied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two early validly published names for Assam tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica "(Choisy) Kitam.)") are identified: Thea assamica Royle ex Hook. 1847 and T. assamica Hort. Belg. ex Bosse 1854; an amended synonymy and a neotypification (with D.‐W. Zhao) for the name of Assam tea, C. sinensis var. assamica (Hook.) Steenis, are provided. The three editions (1829–1861) of Bosse's Vollständiges Handbuch der Blumengärtnerei are also the neglected places of publication of some plant‐names (or their basionyms) in current use; Grevillea lawrenceana Bosse (neotype designated here by P.M. Olde) is an earlier name for G. curviloba McGill. (Proteaceae); Hedera algeriensis (Araliaceae), the name used by Bosse for a now much‐cultivated ivy, was first published by Morren in 1853; an early valid, available name for the florist's cineraria (Senecio hybridus Bosse) is Cineraria ×kewensis Rob. (Compositae), here neotypified (with D.J.N. Hind); the basionym for the well‐known garden plant‐name, "Erysimum ×kewense" (Cruciferae) is identified and neotypified (with D.J.N. Hind), the accepted binomial validated. The currently accepted name for commercial fustic, Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae), was first validly published in Loudon's Hortus Britannicus (1830). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grevillea hortiorum Olde is here described as a new species. It is a member of the Triloba Group sensu Flora of Australia, based on shared morphological characters, and it may be related to Grevillea acrobotrya Meisn. Numerous morphological differences distinguish it as a species, but its relationships have not been tested with phylogenetic data. Subsequent to its initial discovery, when it was thought to be rare, both its distribution and knowledge of populations have been greatly expanded, almost exclusively due to the efforts of its eponymous collectors. It was initially thought to be uncommon and associated with open wandoo woodland, but later collections have been gathered in open heath as well. An interim key to Grevillea hortiorum is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of Grevillea merceri Olde & Marriott, herein described, was brought to light following a single collection by the late Ken Newbey in 1963. His specimen was treated by McGillivray and Makinson (1993: 187) as ‘unassignable to species’ but with possible affinity to G. paniculata Meisn., a species very broadly conceptualised in their work. Revision and a more restricted delimitation of G. paniculata by Olde & Marriott (1994, 1995) clarified the many significant differences from this specimen and others subsequently found. The relationship of G. merceri to other members of the Triloba Group however remains uncertain and awaits phylogenetic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-one Grevillea species currently comprise the Triloba Group sensu Flora of Australia, or Group 1 sensu The Grevillea Book. All species except the transcontinental species G. anethifolia R.Br. are distributed in southwest Western Australia. Grevillea pieroniae Olde, herein described, is currently treated as Grevillea sp. Stirling Range (D.J. McGillivray 3488 & A.S. George) by the Western Australian Herbarium. It has some affinity with Grevillea anethifolia through shared possession of similar truncate-conical to cylindrical pollen-presenters. Grevillea pieroniae is a rare species that is potentially threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi, fire frequency, a drying climate, as well as grazing by feral and native herbivores, so requires careful assessment and ongoing monitoring. A short history of the Triloba Group is provided to give context to Grevillea pieroniae and as precursor to other related species soon to be recognised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G. banksii R. Br. is a widespread species forming dense populations in the Eastern part of Madagascar. The aim of this study was to investigate the allelopathic effects of G. banksii on seeds germination and initial growth of three agricultural crops: rice (Oriza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The effects of leaf (leaf powder and aqueous leaf extracts obtained after shaking during 24 and 48 h) and rhizospheric soil (soil powder and aqueous soil extract shaken during 72 h) of G. banksii on seeds germination, seedling length of each tested plant were described in vitro. Results showed that the rhizospheric soil of G. banksii activates the germination of bean and maize seeds as well as the seedling length development of all crop species but inhibit rice seeds germination. However, all aqueous leaf extract inhibit seeds germination and the shoot and root length development of the three crops species tested, especially for rice and maize roots length development. This investigation therefore comparatively reveals that the leaves extract of G. banksii has more allelopathy than rhizospheric soil in seed germination and initial growth of agricultural crops tested. The results suggest some cautions when using the shoots of G. banksii as plant cover in farming systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleome viscosa is one of the most important weeds of warm‐season crops in southern Iran. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the impact of environmental factors on seed germination of C. viscosa. Freshly harvested seeds exhibited dormancy that was relieved (>90%) after immersion for 20 min in concentrated sulfuric acid. Regardless of the temperature regime, the final percentage of germination in light/dark (69.3%) was significantly higher than in complete darkness (58.3%). The optimum temperature for germination was 35/25°C in both light and dark. No germination was observed at constant temperatures of either 15 or 45°C. The thermal thresholds for seed germination, the base (Tb) and the mean ceiling germination temperatures (Tc(50)) were estimated to be 18.8 and 39.9°C, respectively. A base water potential ( Ψb(50)) of −0.96 MPa was identified for C. viscosa seeds. The response threshold of C. viscosa to reduce 50% of maximum germination for salinity was estimated to be 255 mM. Seeds that were placed on the soil surface had the highest percentage of seedling emergence (77.3%), and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 6 cm. The findings of this study could help to improve the integrated weed management strategies for this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Many plant species have pollination and seed dispersal systems and evolutionary histories that have produced strong genetic structuring. These genetic patterns may be consistent with expectations following recent anthropogenic fragmentation, making it difficult to detect fragmentation effects if no prefragmentation genetic data are available. We used microsatellite markers to investigate whether severe habitat fragmentation may have affected the structure and diversity of populations of the endangered Australian bird‐pollinated shrub Grevillea caleyi R.Br., by comparing current patterns of genetic structure and diversity with those of the closely related G. longifolia R.Br. that has a similar life history but has not experienced anthropogenic fragmentation. Grevillea caleyi and G. longifolia showed similar and substantial population subdivision at all spatial levels (global F′ST = 0.615 and 0.454; Sp = 0.039 and 0.066), marked isolation by distance and large heterozygous deficiencies. These characteristics suggest long‐term effects of inbreeding in self‐compatible species that have poor seed dispersal, limited connectivity via pollen flow and undergo population bottlenecks because of periodic fires. Highly structured allele size distributions, most notably in G. caleyi, imply historical processes of drift and mutation were important in isolated subpopulations. Genetic diversity did not vary with population size but was lower in more isolated populations for both species. Through this comparison, we reject the hypothesis that anthropogenic fragmentation has impacted substantially on the genetic composition or structure of G. caleyi populations. Our results suggest that highly self‐compatible species with limited dispersal may be relatively resilient to the genetic changes predicted to follow habitat fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grevillea (Proteaceae) is native to Australia and is known as garden plant. The flowers have high diversity colors, which range over orange, yellow, pink, red and green. It is a large genus, consisted of 357 species. This genus is economically important and there are hundreds of Grevillea hybrids with beautiful color and shape of flower. Information of the genetic relationships of Grevillea hybrids is not yet available. Ten Grevillea hybrids were used in this study to evaluate the genetic relationships between hybrids and with their parents. PCR-RAPD technique was employed in this study with seven RAPD primers. The dendrogram of Grevillea hybrids was performed using Neighbor-Joining analysis based on genetic distance. The analysis revealed that ‘Moonlight’, ‘Caloundra Gem’, and Little Pink Willie’ were clustered with Grevillea banksii. The three hybrids were hybrid of G. banksii and other Grevillea species. ‘Superb’ was closely related to ‘Robyn Gordon’ as they are hybrid of G. banksii and G. bipinnatifida.

The irrigation and fertilization regime of different varieties of Grevillea in Israel are based on existing knowledge for growing various varieties of the Proteaceae family for production of cut flowering branches. However, growers face problems in cultivating Grevillea "Spiderman," such as leaf chlorosis, prolonged growth until flowering, and reduced quality of cut flowering branches. The present study aimed to examine whether these problems stem from deficiency or excess of Fe, Mn, Zn, P, and Mg, focusing on the effect of these nutrients on growth, flowering, and appearance of visual leaf symptoms and on yield, quality, and vase life longevity of cut flowering branches. The nutrient treatments significantly affected plant development and flowering. Increasing the Fe concentration from 1 to 2 or 3 mg l-1 resulted in improved leaf color, from slightly yellow to dark green. The combination of 2 mg l-1 Fe C 1.8 mg l-1 Mn resulted in early flowering, highest yield, and development of long lateral branches. Low levels of P caused in the first year of treatment leaf chlorosis, which was intensified during the third year, resulting in severe yellowing of the flowering branches. Leaf necrosis and tip burn appeared in treatments with high concentrations of Zn, Mn, and Mg. Deficiency of Fe and Mn and high concentration of P and Mg led to the development of a large number of branches without flowers. The optimal fertilization treatment that yielded the highest quality of flowering branches after harvest was 2 mg l-1 Fe. Branches of this treatment had green foliage at harvest and the longest vase life (10 days) following the recommended postharvest treatment and air transport simulation. Based on the findings of the present research, it can be concluded that the problems in the cultivation of G. "Spiderman," such as leaf chlorosis, delayed flowering, and reduced quality of flowering branches, result from improper fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims The basal eudicot family Proteaceae (approx. 1700 species) shows considerable variation in floral symmetry but has received little attention in studies of evolutionary development at the genetic level. A framework for understanding the shifts in floral symmetry in Proteaceae is provided by reconstructing ancestral states on an upated phylogeny of the family, and homologues of CYCLOIDEA (CYC), a key gene for the control of floral symmetry in both monocots and eudicots, are characterized. Methods Perianth symmetry transitions were reconstructed on a new species-level tree using parsimony and maximum likelihood. CYC-like genes in 35 species (31 genera) of Proteaceae were sequenced and their phylogeny was reconstructed. Shifts in selection pressure following gene duplication were investigated using nested branch-site models of sequence evolution. Expression patterns of CYC homologues were characterized in three species of Grevillea with different types of floral symmetry. Key Results Zygomorphy has evolved 10–18 times independently in Proteaceae from actinomorphic ancestors, with at least four reversals to actinomorphy. A single duplication of CYC-like genes occurred prior to the diversification of Proteaceae, with putative loss or divergence of the ProtCYC1 paralogue in more than half of the species sampled. No shifts in selection pressure were detected in the branches subtending the two ProtCYC paralogues. However, the amino acid sequence preceding the TCP domain is strongly divergent in Grevillea ProtCYC1 compared with other species. ProtCYC genes were expressed in developing flowers of both actinomorphic and zygomorphic Grevillea species, with late asymmetric expression in the perianth of the latter. Conclusion Proteaceae is a remarkable family in terms of the number of transitions in floral symmetry. Furthermore, although CYC-like genes in Grevillea have unusual sequence characteristics, they display patterns of expression that make them good candidates for playing a role in the establishment of floral symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of some eastern Australian Grevillea species show the characteristics of non-deep physiological dormancy, which is broken by exposure to heat shock and/or smoke. The current study tested whether the restrictive effect of the seed coat on germination was localized to specific regions, whether the fire cues affected the growth potential of the embryo, the mechanical strength of the seed coat itself, and the anatomy of fracturing of the seed coat. Removal of the micropylar seed coat allowed germination, while retaining it in place restricted germination. The growth potential of the embryo was increased by exposure to heat shock or to smoke, and increased the most if exposed to both cues. Estimation of the minimum force required by embryos to germinate from intact seeds suggested that this force was reduced for seeds treated with fire cues. The fire cues did not affect the resistance of the seed coat to compressive force when tested after 24 h of imbibition. Fracturing of the seed coat occurred between cell walls, except for the palisade layer, where fracturing occurred across palisade and sclerenchyma cells. While the micropylar end of the seed coat imposes dormancy, most likely by mechanical constraint, heat shock and smoke overcome dormancy by increasing the embryo's growth potential and possibly weakening the seed coat, either directly or via the embryo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da madeira de Grevillea robusta na produção de painéis de madeira aglomerada. Os painéis foram produzidos em densidades de 0,60 e 0,80 g/cm³ e conteúdo de resina de 6 e 8%. Os resultados de propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis fabricados com densidade de 0,80 g/cm³ e conteúdo de resina de 8% evidenciaram que a madeira de Grevillea robusta pode ser utilizada como fonte alternativa de matéria-prima para produção de painéis aglomerados.The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the use of Grevillea robusta for particleboard manufacturing. The boards were manufactured in the densities of 0,60 and 0,80 g/cm³ and resin contents of 6 and 8%. The results of physical and mechanical properties of the boards manufactured with 0,80 g/cm³ density and 6% resin content, showed that Grevillea robusta wood may be used as alternative raw material for particleboard manufacturing.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Subtribe Hakeinae (526 spp.) represents a large Australian plant radiation central to our understanding of that flora's evolution and ecology. It contains Grevillea--the third largest plant genus in Australia and a group inferred to have among the highest diversification rates in the angiosperms. However, we lack a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding subtribe Hakeinae and recognize that Grevillea lacks an unambiguous synapomorphy supporting its monophyly. METHODS: We used four plastid and one nuclear DNA region from a taxonomically even sampling of a third of the species to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny of Hakeinae and absolute diversification rates of major clades. We developed the R package addTaxa to add unsampled taxa to the tree for diversification rate inference. KEY RESULTS: Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea and Finschia. Under most parameter combinations, Hakea contains the major clade with the highest diversification rate in Hakeinae, rather than Grevillea. The crown age of the Grevillea+Hakea+Finschia crown group is about double that of prior estimates. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the paraphyly of Grevillea considerably enlarges the number of Australian descendants from its most recent common ancestor but has also misled investigators who considered a single operational taxonomic unit as adequate to represent the genus for inferences of diversification rate and timing. Our time-calibrated phylogeny can form the basis of future evolutionary, comparative ecology, and biogeography studies involving this large Australian plant radiation, as well as nomenclatural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of ethanol and yeasts capable of fermenting nectar within flowers of Grevillea 'Robyn 'Gordon' and Eucalyptus sideroxylon was investigated in an urban situation. Time of day proved crucial for collection of nectar from E. Sideroxylon. Ethanol occurred in the nectar of both species but yeasts were cultured only from G. 'Robyn Gordon'. Candida globosa was identified and is known to ferment all sugars within nectar except xylose. Two species of non-fermenting Cryptococcus also were identified including C. laurentii which is known to colonise the bronchi of immune suppressed patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using laboratory incubation, the response of seed germination and emergence to variability in temperature and light was examined for spider flower ( Cleome gynandra L.), amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus L.), non-heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis ), nightshade ( Solanum retroflexum Dun.), pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), tsamma melon ( Citrullus lanatus Thunb.), Jew's mallow ( Corchorus olitorius L.) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Effect of temperature on seed germination and emergence was monitored under continuous darkness and at constant temperatures that ranged from 4 °C to 44 °C with 4 °C increments. The effect of light on seed germination was measured at 25 °C. Temperature affected germination rate and final germination percentage of all species tested in ways that were characteristic for each of the species tested. Generally, optimum germination occurred at temperatures ranging between 29 °C and 32 °C but at higher temperatures for V. unguiculata (36 °C) and C. olitorius (35 °C). The minimum temperature for germination ranged between 8 °C and 15 °C, and the maximum between 36 °C and 44 °C. Optimum temperatures for seedling emergence ranged from 25 °C to 31 °C, the maximum between 32 °C and 40 °C and minimum between 2 °C and 13 °C. Light positively ( p < 0.01) affected onset of germination in A. cruentus , B. rapa subsp. chinensis and C. olitorius , and final germination percentage of B. rapa subsp. chinensis , C. lanatus and S. retroflexum . The results suggested that under South African conditions, seeds of the eight species will typically germinate optimally as temperatures rise during spring before the occurrence of very hot temperatures in summer. Due to their positive response to light, germination of B. rapa subsp. chinensis , C. lanatus and S. retroflexum seeds is expected to be optimal when sown at or close to the soil surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some Australian and South American cities, nectarivorous birds have become a conspicuous component of the avifaunal community. One mechanism that has been proposed to explain their success is an increased availability of nectar that is provided by suburban gardens and other ornamental plantings. To determine whether the amount of nectar within the suburban landscape is comparable to that of the natural environment, we measured floral density and nectar concentrations in 24 sites in Sydney, Australia. We also measured the density of four species of nectarivores and available nectar energy over a period of 18 months within the suburban landscape (streetscapes and remnant vegetation) and the natural environment (forest and heathland) to determine whether nectar availability explains nectarivore density. Two species of nectarivorous parrot, the rainbow lorikeet and musk lorikeet were present in higher densities within the suburban landscapes compared to the natural environment, and the suburban landscapes provided significantly more nectar than the natural environment during spring and winter. Both the rainbow lorikeet and musk lorikeet were associated with flowering of Eucalyptus spp. and red wattlebirds with the flowering of Grevillea and Callistemon spp. within streetscapes. Suburban landscapes appear to provide a constant supply of nectar for large-bodied nectarivores and provide for more efficient foraging, explaining the success of these species in urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A morphological study of living plants and herbarium specimens has here resulted in the formal recognition of two parapatric subspecies in Grevillea laurifolia Sieber ex Spreng., the autonymic subsp. laurifolia, and the novel subsp. caleyana P.M.Olde. Some critical phenetic characters show a strong morphological approach in specimens collected around Wentworth Falls which suggests that this area is a narrow geographic zone where the two subspecies intergrade. Notwithstanding the morphological approach all specimens examined were classifiable in one or other subspecies on the basis of their pistil lengths. A key to the subspecies of Grevillea laurifolia, descriptions of all taxa discussed, notes on conservation status and distributional information are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]