29 results on '"Grenoble INP-Pagora"'
Search Results
2. Solutions intégrées (Hydrométallurgie & Phytomanagement) pour la valorisation des laitiers sidérurgiques
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Scattolin, Mathieu, Garcia, Daniel, Faure, Olivier, Pereira, Fernando, Paran, Frédéric, Département Procédés pour l'Environnement et Géoressources (PEG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP-Pagora, LGP2 (Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Lillouch, Fatima, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Hydrométallurgie ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,laitiers sidérurgiques ,champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules ,Phytomanagement - Abstract
International audience; Les laitiers sidérurgiques sont des matières minérales artificielles produites lors du processus de fabrication de l’acier. Au vu des quantités de laitiers sidérurgiques annuellement produites et des stocks disponibles, la gestion de ces déchets nécessite de trouver une solution qui soit satisfaisante tant d’un point de vue environnemental qu’économique. Ce travail propose de développer un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération des métaux par voie basique et d'évaluer des méthodologies de phytostabilisation aidée (utilisation d'amendements organiques et de champignons mycorhiziens) pour les résidus secondaires issus de ce traitement.La récupération des métaux, oxydes et/ou hydroxydes métalliques des laitiers sidérurgiques a fait et fait toujours l’objet de nombreuses études et implique des opérations de séparation mécanique, magnétique, physico-chimique, de lixiviation, etc. dans des combinaisons diverses. Les méthodes de mise en solution de la fraction métallique décrites dans la littérature sont généralement exclusivement acides (Rao et Nayak, 1992). Ces traitements présentent l’inconvénient majeur de lixivier la chaux provoquant une surconsommation de réactifs et une production importante de sels. Une lixiviation par voie alcaline pourrait constituer une alternative satisfaisante. En effet, l’emploi de soude peut limiter la lixiviation du fer et du calcium présents quasi-systématiquement dans les laitiers d’aciérie. De plus, la préservation de la matrice minérale du laitier sidérurgique peut permettre sa valorisation dans divers domaines (agriculture, bâtiments et travaux publics, etc.)Une précédente étude réalisée sur le même site a démontré que l’emploi de Matériaux d’Intérêt Agronomiques Issus du Traitement des Eaux (MIATE) en tant qu’amendement favorise l’installation d’espèces herbacées métallophytes capables de s’implanter naturellement sur ce type de substrat (Bourchardon et al., 2014). Une culture ex-situ réalisée sur le matériau primaire a permis d’évaluer 1) les effets conjoints de l’apport de MIATE et de l’inoculation d’un champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules (AMF) sur la végétation et sur sa capacité à limiter la diffusion des métaux dans la solution de sol et 2) la quantité optimale de MIATE à apporter en vue d’obtenir les meilleurs taux de mychorization (symbiose entre les plantes et l’AMF). La figure 1 montre que la modalité MIATE+MYC semble conduire à une diminution du pH et du chrome mobile des solutions de sol.
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- 2017
3. Thermodynamic modelling of cyclopentane hydrates equilibria with NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 or NaCl-KCl present
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Ho-Van, Son, Bouillot, Baptiste, Douzet, Jérôme, MAGHSOODLOO , Saheb, Herri, Jean-Michel, Département Procédés pour l'Environnement et Géoressources (PEG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Grenoble INP-Pagora, LGP2 (Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers), and Lillouch, Fatima
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[CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,[CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry ,Thermodynamic ,Cyclopentane Hydrate ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Salt ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Equilibria ,Modelling - Abstract
International audience; This study aims at modelling the equilibria of cyclopentane hydrates in the presence of salts. Three kinds of salts were considered: NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 with a wide range of concentration. Three different thermodynamic models were then used to predict the equilibrium conditions. The geochemical model PHREEQC was applied in all the three approaches to compute the water activity in salt solution using the PITZER database. The equilibrium data in the presence of NaCl were used in the all three models.The first approach is based on the standard solid-liquid equation (Hildebrand and Scott) usually used for modelling solid-liquid equilibria of a pure solute in a solvent to obtain a new correlation of the heat capacity difference of cyclopentane hydrates and the freezing point. The two last approaches are both based on the van der Waals and Platteuw model by either optimizing the Kihara parameters or using a new correlation between the cage occupancy and water activity. The results of three modified models have a good accordance with the experimental data in the presence of whatever kinds of salts with the average absolute deviation equal or less than to 0.4°C. Whilst using the new Kihara parameter and the new correlation between the cage occupancy factor and water activity in van der Waals and Platteuw method can be a good suggestion as the deviation is almost zero for all kinds of salts, especially in the presence of KCl and a mixture of NaCl-KCl with the deviation around 0.1°C.
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- 2017
4. Modélisation phénoménologique de la décomposition thermique d’oxalates d’actinides
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Desfougeres, Lénaïc, Welcomme, Éléonore, Ollivier, Maelig, Clavier, Nicolas, Favergeon, Loïc, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Département de recherche sur les procédés pour la mine et le recyclage du combustible (DMRC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d’étude des procédés de Fabrication des Matériaux d’Actinides (SFMA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Laboratoire d'étude des Procédés de Conversion des Actinides (LPCA), Département Procédés de Transformations des Solides et Instrumentation (PTSI-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interfaces de Matériaux en Evolution (LIME), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Grenoble INP-Pagora, LGP2 (Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers), CEA, Université de Montpellier UMR 5257, Lillouch, Fatima, CEA Nuclear Energy Division, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École des Mines Saint-Étienne, Association Française de Calorimétrie et d’Analyse Thermique (AFCAT), CEA - Nuclear Energy Division - Research Department on Mining and Fuel Recycling Processes SFMA/LPCA, ICSM-UMR 5257-CEA/CNRS/ENSCM-Université de Montpellier, Cellule Congrès de l'Université de strasbourg, Réseau/Projet Initiative de Recherche Stratégique NanoTheRad, Subdivision « Chimie sous Rayonnement et Radiochimie » - CRRC, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien de Strasbourg - IPHC - UMR 7178 - CNRS/UDS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules - IN2P3 - CNRS, CEA Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire - Département de recherche sur les procédés pour la Mines et le recyclage du Combustible - SFMA/LPCA, ICSM - UMR 5257 CNRS-CEA-ENSCM-Université de Montpellier, Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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précipitation oxalique ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,actinide ,oxalates d’actinides ,recyclage plutonium ,Décomposition thermique ,recyclage uranium ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,calcination ,oxalate d'actinide ,recyclage du combustible nucléaire - Abstract
National audience; Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du recyclage des matières valorisables telles que l’uranium et le plutonium présentes dans le combustible nucléaire usé afin de les intégrer au sein d’un nouveau combustible (de type U,PuO2) pour les réacteurs de quatrième génération. Parmi les procédés envisagés pour la conversion de solutions de nitrates d’actinides issues du procédé d’extraction, la voie oxalique constitue une référence. Grâce à ce procédé les actinides sont insolubilisés via une première étape de précipitation oxalique puis le précurseur oxalate synthétisé est converti thermiquement en oxyde. Cette seconde étape se traduit par une série de transformations jusqu’à obtention d’un solide dont les caractéristiques physico-chimiques doivent être maitrisées (composition, structure cristalline, granulométrie, surface spécifique, teneur en impuretés telles que le carbone…) en vue de la mise en forme ultérieure du combustible. La transformation isomorphe qui a lieu au cours de la calcination s’accompagne d’une évolution complexe de la phase solide et de relâchements gazeux. Une meilleure connaissance des réactions gaz-gaz et solide-gaz est donc essentielle afin d’établir une approche prédictive des caractéristiques physico-chimiques finales de l’oxyde en fonction des paramètres thermiques.Notre démarche repose sur l’analyse thermogravimétrique et l’analyse thermique différentielle associées à un ensemble de caractérisations physico-chimiques (morphologiques, texturales, structurales) des solides et à l’identification des gaz de décomposition. Des expériences en rampe de température et d’autres basées sur des paliers isothermes ont ainsi été réalisées. Les intermédiaires réactionnels ont été analysés par différentes techniques telles que la diffraction des rayons X, la spectroscopie infra-rouge, la spectroscopie Raman, la microscopie électronique. Ces analyses ont été complétées par des analyses in-situ. Bien que des études préalables sur le système à base d’uranium décrivent des mécanismes de décomposition de l’oxalate à l’oxyde sous certaines atmosphères, cette approche a permis d’affiner ces résultats, de mettre en évidence des composés intermédiaires non décrits et d’identifier ceux-ci. L’ensemble de ces résultats conduiront prochainement à l’élaboration d’un modèle cinétique de la transformation oxalate-oxyde. La comparaison de ce modèle aux données expérimentales obtenues en conditions isothermes et isobares permettra de déterminer les variations des paramètres cinétiques avec la température et la pression partielle des gaz d’intérêt.
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- 2017
5. Modeling Gas Hydrate Growth Kinetics in Water-in-Oil Emulsion for Offshore Petroleum Production Applications
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Lange-Bassani, Carlos, Cameirão, Ana, Morales, Rigoberto E. M., Jean Michel, Herri, Département Procédés pour l'Environnement et Géoressources (PEG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Núcleo de Escoamento Multifásico (NUEM), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Grenoble INP-Pagora, LGP2 (Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Multiphase Flow Research Center - Federal University of Technology (Brazil), NUEM (Núcleo de Escoamento Multifásico) - Federal University of Technology (Brazil), and Lillouch, Fatima
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[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,gas hydrates ,multiphase flow ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,flow assurance - Abstract
Carlos Lange Bassani a remporté le prix du meilleur poster lors de la journée scientifique du CODEGEPRA 2017; International audience; The high pressure and low temperature conditions commonly found in offshore oil & gas production scenarios favor the formation of gas hydrates, which may block the production pipeline causing several revenue losses. Gas hydrates are crystals formed by the imprisonment of gas molecules (e.g., lighthydrocarbons) in a cage of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The multiphase flow inside the pipelines (composed by oil, gas, sand and water with salt) determines the interfacial surfaces between the phases (e.g., oil & gas, oil & water), which by their turn are essential to predict the order ofmagnitude of each competing phenomena on the hydrate growth kinetics. The present study couples gas absorption by the bulk, gas diffusion and water permeability through the hydrate shell with the phenomena of particle core pressurization and crystal integration processes either in the inner and outer particle surface for predicting gas hydrate growth in water-in-oil emulsions. The model results in three ODE’s for the inner and outer growth radius and for the bulk gas concentration. The initial size of the hydrate particles come from the radius of the water droplets, estimated via the turbulence vs. surface energy criterion of Hinze. Preliminary implementations show that the model captures the mass transfer limitation due to the hydrate shell growth, which is represented by the asymptotic trend of the amount of gas consumed over time. Future work shall be done in order to couple the present model with pressure and temperature predictions over the production pipeline (from multiphase flow calculations), to measure the necessary closure parameters of the model (e.g., constant of proportionality of the crystal integration process, gas diffusion and absorption coefficients, etc.) and to validate the model against experimental data.
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- 2017
6. Experimental study and modeling of mixed gas hydrates during crystallization and final state
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MAGHSOODLOO , Saheb, Bouillot, Baptiste, Jean -Michel, Herri, Lillouch, Fatima, Département Procédés pour l'Environnement et Géoressources (PEG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Grenoble INP-Pagora, and LGP2 (Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Papetiers)
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thermodynamics ,crystallization ,non-equilibrium ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,phase equilibria ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,modeling ,Physics::Chemical Physics ,clathrate hydrates - Abstract
International audience; Gas hydrates also known as clathrates, are ice-like crystalline materials where a solid water framework accommodates gas molecules in a cage-like structure under the certain thermodynamic conditions. Gas hydrates formation is a crucial issue in oil and gas industries as they are formed and block the pipelines. Nevertheless, gas hydrates attract the attention of many researchers and industries for several applications like gas separation, energy storage and transportation etc. Moreover, metastable gas hydrates are a promising energy source in the shallow geosphere. Therefore, fundamental understanding of gas hydrates thermodynamics as well as formation and decomposition mechanisms is essential.During the last decade, our GasHyDyn team has measured equilibrium data for many gas mixtures, and this document adds new data and provides information about the guest distribution in hydrate phase and volume of the mixed hydrates at equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. Two different rates of crystallization were performed to evaluate the kinetic effects on final equilibrium state. Furthermore a thermodynamic model based on classical van der Waals and Platteuw approach by Kihara potentials was used to investigate the impact of kinetics. The experimental results show that the final equilibrium pressure and hydrate composition is different according to rate of crystallization. Furthermore, the hydrate volume at slow crystallization was lower than at quick crystallization. Moreover, at a slow crystallization rate, the hydrate crystals appear to be more homogeneous. The modeling results show that the hydrate crystallization of a gas mixture is closer to the thermodynamic equilibrium at slow crystallization rates where the impact of kinetics is slight. These observations could be taken into account to re-design the calculations in which the thermodynamic equilibrium is considered. For instance, amount of kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) to prevent gas hydrate formation in oil and gas industries could be well re-estimate to reduce the operation costs.
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- 2017
7. An experimental study of gas hydrate formation of CH4-C3H8 binary mixture under the non-equilibrium conditions
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MAGHSOODLOO , Saheb, Le, Quang-Du, Bouillot, Baptiste, Herri, Jean-Michel, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), CODEGEPRA Comité de DÉveloppement du GÉnie des Procédés en Rhône-Alpes Auvergne, Grenoble INP-pagora, Gas Hydrate Dynamics Centre, and Lillouch, Fatima
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crystallization ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,hydrate composition ,non-Equilibrium ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Hydrate volume ,Gas hydrates - Abstract
GasHyDyn : Logiciel de simulation de la composition et de la stabilité des hydrates de gaz; National audience; Gas hydrates are a crucial issue in many fields, from oil & gas industry, to carbon capture andstorage, air conditioning, or even planetary science. They also have an enormous potential as anenergy resource because of the tremendous quantity of methane trapped within them. Tounderstand better the gas hydrates phenomena, understanding of the thermodynamics and thecrystallization mechanisms of clathrate hydrates are required. The determination of the hydratecomposition and volume is also a technical challenge and we recall in the paper the method usedby our laboratory. In this work, several experiments were performed to obtain preciousexperimental data and the gas compositions in hydrate phase. GasHyDyn group has recentlyfound out that the composition of gas hydrate is sensitive to the crystallization conditions. Hencein this work, it was tried to understand better the relation between the composition of hydrateduring the crystallization and final state and crystallization rates. Experiments were performed ina batch reactor and there were an online gas chromatography connected to the experimental setupand an off-line ion-chromatography to measure the gas compositions and liquid compositions,respectively. Based on these data and mass balance, the gas compositions in hydrate phase andhydrate volume can be calculated. During the last decade, our GasHyDyn team has alsomeasured equilibrium data for many gas mixtures, and this document adds new data involvingpropane. In the present work, the experimental results are discussed after formation followingtwo different experimental protocols: at quick and slow rates of crystallizations. It was observedthat, from the same initial conditions, the final pressure and water conversion for two differentprocedures are slightly different.
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- 2016
8. Investigation of cyclopentane hydrate in the presence of KCl and an equal-mass mixture of KCl - NaCl during crystallisation and quick dissociation processes
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Ho-Van, Son, Douzet, Jérôme, Bouillot, Baptiste, Herri, Jean-Michel, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), CODEGEPRA Comité de DÉveloppement du GÉnie des Procédés en Rhône-Alpes Auvergne, Grenoble INP-pagora, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Lillouch, Fatima
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[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Quick dissociation ,Cyclopentane hydrate ,Equlibrium temperature - Abstract
GasHyDyn : Logiciel de simulation de la composition et de la stabilité des hydrates de gaz; National audience; This study presents investigation on cyclopentane hydrate in the presence of KCl (mass fraction 0% - 20%) and an equal-mass mixture of KCl and NaCl (mass fraction 0% - 22%). All experiments were performed in a jacketed glass vessel having a volume of one liter that was connected to a chiller. The temperature of the aqueous solution inside the vessel during hydrate formation and dissociation was measured by using a temperature probe connected to a personal computer through a transmitter. The equilibrium temperatures of cyclopentane hydrate in the presence of salts were also recorded following a quick dissociation procedure that allowed hydrate to dissociate by consuming heat from the environment outside the vessel.During the hydrate formation, a small increase in temperature of the solution inside the reactor was observed, it can be explicated by a typical exothermic property of this crystallization (Masahiro Nakajima et al., 2008). For measuring the equilibrium temperature, after approximately 1 hour of hydrate formation, the chiller was stopped. It led a dissociation process of cyclopentane hydrate inside the vessel. For the duration of this process, because of its endothermic property, the temperature was tended to be nearly constant. When no hydrate was observed inside the vessel, the temperature slope then increased immediately, the equilibrium temperature was recorded. The temperature then augmented quickly and reached to the room temperature.The result indicated that the equilibrium temperature dropped strongly with increasing of salt concentration in all cases. In addition, the equilibrium temperatures of cyclopentane in the presence of KCl were always higher than an equal-mass mixture of KCl and NaCl at the same concentration as presented in Figure 1. It means that NaCl has a higher impact on the equilibrium temperature of cyclopentane hydrate.
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- 2016
9. The secret harmony of the random disorder, revealed in the paper sheet
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Silvy, Jacques and Grenoble INP Pagora
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E.S.R.F ,courbe ellipsoïdo-cylindrique ,non-tissé ,milieu poreux ,pore équivalent ,micro tomographie ,least action curve ,light scattering ,désordre ,stéréométrie ,équivalent pore ,porous media ,least action principle ,laminar flow ,chance ,ordre ,Yin-Yang ,Ensemble aléatoire ,grainy material ,propriétés physiques ,micro-tomography ,rayons X de haute énergie ,worn suface ,hard X ray absorption ,orientation des fibres ,harmonious behavior ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,papier ,statistical entropy ,diffusion de la lumière ,[SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy ,fibrous material ,non-woven ,pore moyen ,stochastic behavior ,stereometry ,écoulement irrotationnel ,Yin ,feutre ,probabilistic path ,échelle microscopique ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,transformation conforme ,principe de moindre action ,fluid flow ,tai-chi ,light difraction ,random set ,cellulose fibre ,Yang ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ellipsoïd carpeting ,échelle macroscopique ,physical properties ,structure modelling ,pétrographie ,image analysis ,homotopie ,hasard ,hippopède ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,ellipsoïdo-cylindrical curve ,harmonie ,écoulement des fluides ,microscopic scale ,groupe de cylindres elliptiques ,particules ,tapisserie de l’ellipsoïde ,analyse d’images ,ellipse ,paper ,macroscopic scale ,homotopy ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,elliptical cylinder group ,diffraction de la lumière ,courbure ,anisotropie ,ellipsoïd ,fibre’s orientation ,écoulement laminaire ,[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic ,matériau stochastique ,petrograpy ,rugosité ,tortuosity ,permeability ,entropie statistique ,ellipsoïde ,texture ,structures fibreuses ,irrotationnal flow - Abstract
This study is about the properties of the sets of objects associated in a structure resulting from multiple-processes involving chance as are materials whose texture is unordered and random. Being a paper scientist the author refers to the sheet of paper which is a stochastic fibrous set whose porous texture can be considered as an archetype for many natural or artificial human structures. The paper properties are correlated with its texture by taking account the effect of chance occurring during its manufacturing process. The theoretical developments, the formalism and the application methods presented in this study have a general significance beyond the only paper material.A specific property of sets of objects randomly unorderly distributed in space is their interfaces orientation distribution. This distribution is usually obtained by the analysis of images sampled in the object sets. The density of orientation probability of the fibers or of the texture interfaces, weighted by their length or by their area, can be interpreted as the radius of curvature of an outline or of a warped surface which characterizes, from a global and statistical point of view, the texture geometry in two or three dimensions. This figure named by the author the "equivalent pore", is with its elliptical shape similar to the one of the mean pore defined by the mean directional chord between the interfaces in the texture. Different methods of "equivalent pore" establishing are analyzed : by conformal map of the fiber network or of the texture interfaces, by images stereometric analysis of texture tomographical cuts, by scattering and diffraction of a laser light beam impacting the fibrous texture or the material surface replica, by hard X-ray absorption and phase contrast at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facilities(ESRF), in Grenoble. The "equivalent pore" concept allows us to study random unordered sets behavior in strength fields while simplifying this analysis. Thus a phenomenon occurring in a plane set, in two dimensions, can be analyzed on its "equivalent pore" linear outline, and a phenomenon which occurs in volume in a three dimensional set can be analyzed on its "equivalent pore" warped surface. This concept has been applied for physical, mechanical, optical and ionic conduction properties of materials like papers, boards, felts, nonwoven textiles, polymer foams, metallic alloys with grain joints, geological grounds, and for the surface mapping of natural relief and of materials with different gloss, worn or roughness levels.The ellipse and the ellipso\"id, as well as multi-modes compositions of it, are the most appropriate figures to represent the "equivalent pore" of materials with a random unordered texture. The fact that a law, which defines the curvature of an elliptic deterministic geometrical configuration, is essential to represent interface orientation allocation of elements whose spatial distribution is probabilistic is a noteworthy fact that makes us wonder. This assertion is corroborated by fluid flow analysis through porous media. The global dissipated energy for fluid flow is distributed along the motion (translation and rotation) and fluid deformation components on the "equivalent pore" whose surface is conformal to the texture interfaces tangential space. The porous media being homogenous and the fluid particles indistinguishable each ones from the others, due to permanent stochastic exchanges from one fluid volume element into another, we conclude that their motion quantification is invariant on each point of the "equivalent pore" surface. This quantification can be represented by a group of elliptical cylinders.The "equivalent pore" and cylinders group surface intersections define the fluid particle probabilistic paths in the porous media. One singular geometrical configuration of the elliptic cylinders group union with the ellipsoidal "equivalent pore" fulfills the minimal energy dissipation requirements in the stress field applied to the fluid. The resulting paths are ellipso\"ido-cylindrical curves carpeting the ellipso\"id by a beam of isoperim\'etric lacets, in close or open loops depending on the possible pairing off the curves in their nodals and isoclinal tangency points. The flow laminarity and unrotationality are globally established in the porous media at the macroscopic scale, for Reynold's number small values, in agreement with the results found moreover. The so defined ellipso\"ido-cylindrical curve is a stationary curve at the average least action meaning, for a punctual mobile or a deformable volume element moving on the surface of the ellipsoid from a nodal spot to the other in an antipodal position. This curve establishes a gauge which characterizes, from a global point of view, the physical space embraced by the fluid during its flow, in dynamical balance conditions compatible with the stress field. The ellipso\"ido-cylindrical curve allows to carpet the ellipso\"id as a function of one cyclic angular variable, which is a new construction for the ellipso\"id. When the set of the objects is isotropic the curve is sphero-cylindrical whose plan mapping permit to decipher the tai-chi figure of the Tao\"ist Buddhism philosophy.This study of random unordered object sets, and more specially of fibrous porous media, allows to establish a structural link between their small scale texture stochastic disorder and the harmonious order that emerges from these sets at a larger scale. The largest chance possible, compatible with the stress field which put a strain on these sets, is the necessary and sufficient variable which allows to best globally adjust their behaviors according to the probabilistic and deterministic laws governing their evolution.The vocabulary used in this study is issued from the common language, most of the time adapted to the material class, it is transposable in other fields of interest. The text is completed by notes and a bibliography which refer to the works done following the presented concepts or in relation to this field of studies., Comment: Derni\`ere version, in French
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- 2015
10. Kinetic modelling of methane hydrate formation and agglomeration with and without anti-agglomerants from emulsion in pipelines
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Pham, Trung-Kien, Melchuna, Aline, Cameirao, Ana, Herri, Jean-Michel, Duchet-Suchaux, Pierre, Glenat, Philippe, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), TOTAL S.A., TOTAL FINA ELF, TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), Institut Pascal, Grenoble INP-pagora, TOTAL S.A. – CSTJF, and Hanoi University of Mining and Geology
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emulsion ,agglomeration ,kinetic modelling ,anti-agglomerants ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,methane hydrate - Abstract
GasHyDyn : Logiciel de simulation de la composition et de la stabilité des hydrates de gaz; National audience; Offshore systems mainly containing crude oil, natural gas and water operate at low temperature and high pressure which favour conditions for gas hydrate formation and agglomeration. Gas hydrate is a serious issue in flow assurance; it may cause many troubles, especially, plugging in oil and gas pipeline. This work is to intend to develop a kinetic model to predict gas hydrate formation, agglomeration and plugging in flowlines based on the experimental data obtained from Archimede Flowloop from the work of Mendes-Melchuna (2015). In this model, the mean droplet size of emulsion will be calculated from flow parameters to evaluate the surface area of droplets which are very critical parameters for kinetic model of gas hydrate formation in emulsion. It is important to note that anti-agglomerants (AAs) may modify the water-oil interfacial tension leading to smaller mean droplet size. A preliminary study of the emulsion formation and behaviour will contribute to a better understanding of the hydrates formation and agglomeration.
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- 2015
11. Procédé d’agglomération et de recyclage en compactés de poudres de bauxites
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Desplat, Olivier, Serris, Eric, Grosseau, Phillipe, Michud, Claire, Menard, Thierry, Tardy, Guillaume, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kerneos Research and Technology Centre, Medelpharm (MEDEL'PHARM), Institut Pascal, Grenoble INP-pagora, Kerneos Research and Technology Centre (Société Kerneos), Société MEDEL'PHARM, and Lillouch, Fatima
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Agglomération ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Bauxites ,Ciment - Abstract
National audience; La bauxite est un minerai utilisé pour l’élaboration de l’aluminium ou directement sous forme de matière première pour la fabrication d’aluminates de calcium pour les ciments techniques. Elle est, dans ce dernier cas, essentiellement utilisée sous forme de bloc. On assiste depuis quelques années, à une raréfaction des blocs de bauxite alors que leur manipulation conduit souvent à des déchets sous forme de poussières qui ne sont pas valorisées à l’heure actuelle. L’objectif de ces travaux est de créer une nouvelle filière de recyclage de fines particules minérales pour pouvoir réutiliser cette matière première en remplacement de ressources naturelles qui s’épuisent. Ces produits sont mis en forme sous forme de compactés par compression directe. La bauxite est mélangée à du ciment et de l’eau puis introduite dans une matrice afin de subir un cycle de compression. Le compacté obtenu est ensuite stocké à température et hygrométrie contrôlées pour obtenir une hydratation maitrisée du ciment. Le compacté ainsi obtenu doit répondre à des spécifications bien précises en termes de densité, de porosité et de résistance mécanique grâce notamment aux hydrates spécifiques formés.L’outil principal utilisé pour caractériser les compactés est la micro tomographie par rayons X, qui est non destructive et permet d’observer en leur cœur même le comportement des grains et l’homogénéité en densité dans tout le volume. Les propriétés importantes des blocs telles que la porosité ou la distribution de taille des pores sont alors caractérisées grâce à l’analyse d’image des clichés de tomographie et comparé à la porosimétrie par intrusion de mercure. Cette étude de l’évolution des paramètres texturaux des compactés de bauxite doit permettre de comprendre et d’appréhender les phénomènes se déroulant pendant l’étape de compression. Il en suivra une optimisation des paramètres de compression et de mélange pour obtenir des compactés possédant les propriétés souhaitées.
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- 2015
12. Formation d’hydrates sans et avec additif antiagglomérant en variant le débit et la fraction d’eau
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Melchuna, Aline, Cameirao, Ana, Herri, Jean-Michel, Glénat, Philippe, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, Institut Pascal, Grenoble INP-pagora, and TOTAL - CSTJF
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AA-LDHI ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,hydrates de méthane ,antiagglomérant ,bouchage des pipelines - Abstract
National audience; La cristallisation des hydrates de méthane pendant l’extraction de pétrole est une source majeure de risques, notamment concernant le bouchage des pipelines. La circulation d’huile et d’eau dans une pipe induit la formation d’une émulsion. A haute pression et basse température, l'eau peut être combinée avec des composants gazeux légers, résultant dans la formation d’hydrates, qui sont des structures solides dont l’agglomération est capable de boucher le pipeline.La cristallisation des hydrates de méthane a été étudiée de manière intensive au cours des 30 dernières années, surtout à basse teneur en eau. Cependant, les puits en fin de vie de production ont un pourcentage d’eau plus important que parfois l’eau devient la phase dominante, l’huile devenant la phase dispersée. Dans ce cas de figure le processus de cristallisation des hydrates de gaz doit être étudié et comparé aux systèmes où l'eau est la phase dispersée.Ce travail est une étude paramétrique réalisé dans une boucle de circulation capable de reproduire les conditions de la formation d’hydrate dans les pipelines sous marins, en faisant varier la teneur en eau (30% jusqu’à 100%) et le débit (200 L.h-1) et 400L.h-1), afin d'observer et comprendre la cristallisation d’hydrate à partir d’un mélange de Kerdane® (C11-C14) et d'eau, en présence de méthane. Ensuite, la même étude paramétrique a été réalisée en présence d'un additif dispersant, afin de comprendre le comportement de l’additif. Les expériences sont suivies par mesures de perte de charge, masse volumique, taille et forme des gouttelettes et hydrates. A partir de l’étude réalisée, le mécanisme de formation de l’émulsion et des hydrates sans et avec additif dispersant a été développé.
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- 2015
13. Transition blocage/écoulement d’une suspension non brownienne dans un liquide
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Burel, Maxym, Bonnefoy, Olivier, Grosseau, Philippe, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Pascal, Grenoble INP-pagora, Lillouch, Fatima, and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Hydrodynamique ,Suspension ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Blocage ,Milieux granulaires - Abstract
National audience; Nous développons une étude sur les écoulements en conduite 2D à section rectangulaire. Peu d’études expérimentales sont réalisées dans le cas de particules transportées par un liquide. Pourtant, ces écoulements partagent des similitudes avec des expériences dont la mise en mouvement des particules dépend uniquement de la force gravitaire (Zuriguel 2003). Cependant, le phénomène de blocage des suspensions n’est pas un phénomène systématique. Il faudra donc parvenir à caractériser les éléments responsables du blocage comme par exemple les interfaces fluides-particules, les écoulements denses, les forces hydrodynamiques. Nous présentons ici, un modèle en exponentielle qui décrit la répartition des blocages dans l’écoulement. Puis nous présenterons sous forme de graphique une probabilité de blocage en fonction de l’ouverture d’une restriction.
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- 2015
14. Etude du système MgSO4-H2O pour le stockage de chaleur par composite à sorption
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Larysa, Okhrimenko, Favergeon, Loic, Pijolat, Michèle, Kuznik, Frederic, Johannes, Kévyn, Lillouch, Fatima, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Procédés et REactivité des Systèmes Solide-gaz, Instrumentation et Capteurs (PRESSIC-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, Grenoble INP-pagora, CODEGEPRA, INSA de Lyon-CETHIL, and Toucas, Andrée-Aimée
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Cinétique ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,sulfate de magnésium ,Thermodynamique ,Solution solide ,Non-stœchiométrie ,Thermogravimétrie - Abstract
National audience; Les systèmes de stockage de chaleur par sorption sont des technologies prometteuses du point de vue des perspectives qu’elles ouvrent dans l’exploitation d’énergies alternatives. En effet, ces systèmes permettent par exemple de valoriser l’excès d’énergie solaire obtenu pendant l’été et la journée pour réaliser un stockage de chaleur de longue durée, de sorte à pouvoir utiliser cet excès pendant les périodes de chauffage. Ce procédé permet d’obtenir une densité énergétique théorique potentiellement élevée (entre 300 et 600 kWh par m3 de solide réactif) et de s’affranchir des pertes thermiques dans le temps. L’utilisation de composites issu de l’alliance entre un matériau de sorption et un sel hygroscopique apparaît comme une solution intéressante pour le stockage de la chaleur. Le composite zéolite/MgSO4 montre une bonne cyclabilité [1] ainsi qu’une puissance suffisante pour alimenter un bâtiment à basse consommation. [2] Néanmoins le développement d’un tel système reste un défi technologique, le frein principal étant la compréhension incomplète des phénomènes physico-chimiques mis en jeu. Un des objectifs de ce travail est donc l’étude des réactions d’hydratation/déshydratation sur le sel hygroscopique MgSO4 à l’échelle microscopique. Cette étude sera préalable au couplage sorption/transferts à l’échelle du composite, qui nécessitera également la compréhension des mécanismes de transfert de chaleur et de masse. Dans cette optique, une étude de la cinétique est réalisée au travers d’expériences de thermogravimétrie et de caractérisations physico-chimiques des solides. Les résultats obtenus, montrent que la teneur en eau dans le sulfate de magnésium est une fonction de la température pour une pression de vapeur d’eau constante. Et à température constante, la teneur en eau varie avec la pression de vapeur d’eau. Le système d’équilibre est donc divariant et certaines formes hydratées du sulfate de magnésium apparaissent comme des solutions solides d’insertion d’eau dans le sulfate. Références[1] Gareth Whiting and others, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 112 (2013), 112–19.[2] Stéphanie Hongois and others, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95.7 (2011), 1831–37.
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- 2015
15. Influence of the crystallization rate on the formation of gas hydrates from CH4-C3H8 gas mixtures and extension to other mixtures
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Le, Quang-Du, Bouillot, Baptiste, Herri, Jean-Michel, Lillouch, Fatima, Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département PROcédés Poudres, Interfaces, Cristallisation et Ecoulements (PROPICE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal, and Grenoble INP-pagora
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thermodynamic ,crystallization ,[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,kinetic ,phase equilibria ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,gas hydrate ,flow assurance - Abstract
National audience; In this study, we present details on two different experimental procedures to form mixed hydrates. They are applied to measure the volume and composition of the crystallized hydrate from CH4-C3H8 gas mixtures at high and low crystallization rate, respectively. The results obtained from both methods reveal a difference in composition, final pressure and volume between the two procedures (quick and slow crystallization). Furthermore, this work aims at contributing to the global understanding of the coupling between kinetics and thermodynamics to provide some insight in the composition of the gas hydrate phase during its crystallization from an aqueous liquid and a mixed gas phase. In addition, we face new experimental facts that open questioning after comparing the modelling of clathrate hydrates following the classical approach (van der Waals and Platteeuw, 1959).
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- 2015
16. Monomers and Macromolecular Materials from Renewable Resources: State of the Art and Perspectives.
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Gandini A and M Lacerda T
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A progressively increasing concern about the environmental impacts of the whole polymer industry has boosted the design of less aggressive technologies that allow for the maximum use of carbon atoms, and reduced dependence on the fossil platform. Progresses related to the former approach are mostly based on the concept of the circular economy, which aims at a thorough use of raw materials, from production to disposal. The latter, however, has been considered a priority nowadays, as short-term biological processes can efficiently provide a myriad of chemicals for the polymer industry. Polymers from renewable resources are widely established in research and technology facilities from all over the world, and a broader consolidation of such materials is expected in a near future. Herein, an up-to-date overview of the most recent and relevant contributions dedicated to the production of monomers and polymers from biomass is presented. We provide some basic issues related to the preparation of polymers from renewable resources to discuss ongoing strategies that can be used to achieve original polymers and systems thereof.
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- 2021
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17. The Prospering of Macromolecular Materials Based on Plant Oils within the Blooming Field of Polymers from Renewable Resources.
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Silva JAC, Grilo LM, Gandini A, and Lacerda TM
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This paper provides an overview of the recent progress in research and development dealing with polymers derived from plant oils. It highlights the widening interest in novel approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and properties of these materials from renewable resources and emphasizes their growing impact on sustainable macromolecular science and technology. The monomers used include unmodified triglycerides, their fatty acids or the corresponding esters, and chemically modified triglycerides and fatty acid esters. Comonomers include styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylics, furan derivatives, epoxides, etc. The synthetic pathways adopted for the preparation of these materials are very varied, going from traditional free radical and cationic polymerizations to polycondensation reactions, as well as metatheses and Diels-Alder syntheses. In addition to this general appraisal, the specific topic of the use of tung oil as a source of original polymers, copolymers, and (nano)composites is discussed in greater detail in terms of mechanisms, structures, properties, and possible applications.
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- 2021
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18. Improving the thermal stability of different types of xylan by acetylation.
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Carvalho DM, Berglund J, Marchand C, Lindström ME, Vilaplana F, and Sevastyanova O
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The impact of various degrees of acetylation on improving the thermal stability of xylan isolated from different botanical source has been studied; methylglucuronoxylan from birch and eucalyptus, arabinoglucuronoxylan from spruce and glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. The lower molecular weight of non- acetylated methylglucuronoxylan (17.7-23.7 kDa) and arabinoglucuronoxylan (16.8 kDa) meant that they were more soluble in water than glucuronoarabinoxylan (43.0-47.0 kDa). The temperature at the onset of degradation increased by 17-61 °C and by 75-145 °C for low and high acetylated xylans respectively, as a result of acetylation. A glass transition temperature in the range of 121-132 °C was observed for the samples non-acetylated and acetylated at low degree of acetylation (0.0-0.6). The acetylation to higher degrees (1.4-1.8) increased the glass transition temperature of the samples to 189-206 °C. Acetylation proved to be an efficient method for functionalization of the xylan to increase the thermal stability., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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19. Accurate molar masses of cellulose for the determination of degradation rates in complex paper samples.
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Dupont AL, Réau D, Bégin P, Paris-Lacombe S, Tétreault J, and Mortha G
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Complex cellulosic samples are often difficult to analyse with size-exclusion chromatography. The strong molecular associations of hemicelluloses and lignin with cellulose produce multimodal molar mass distributions (MMD) that are difficult to interpret. More reliable ways of calculating the molar masses of cellulose are thus necessary. This is particularly relevant when studying the kinetics of paper degradation, as the number average molar mass is the most precise indicator. In this study various data handling methods based on the deconvolution of bimodal and multimodal MMDs of complex cellulosic samples after SEC-MALS-DRI analysis are examined in order to propose more accurate paper degradation rates. Two deconvolution methods, which do or do not rely on polymer calibration curves were developed and were applied to several kraft and groundwood pulp papers unaged and hygrothermally aged. The deconvolution methods are discussed and evaluated in light of calculated cellulose activation energies, degradation rates and paper usable lifetime predictions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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20. On the halt of spontaneous capillary flows in diverging open channels.
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Berthier J, Brakke KA, Gosselin D, Navarro F, Belgacem N, Chaussy D, and Berthier E
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- Mechanical Phenomena, Surface Properties, Thermodynamics, Microtechnology instrumentation
- Abstract
Due to their compactness and independence of exterior energy sources, capillary microsystems are increasingly used in many different scientific domains, from biotechnology to medicine and biology, chemistry, energy and space. Obtaining a capillary flow depends on channel geometry and contact angle. A general condition for the establishment of a spontaneous capillary flow in a uniform cross section channel has already been derived from Gibbs free energy. In this work, we consider spontaneous capillary flows (SCF) in diverging open rectangular channels and suspended channels, and we show that they do not flow indefinitely but stop at some location in the channel. In the case of linearly diverging open channels, we derive the expression that determines the location where the flow stops. The theoretical approach is verified by using the Surface Evolver numerical program and is checked by experiments. The approach is extended to sudden enlargements, and it is shown that the enlargements can act as stop and trigger valves., (Copyright © 2017 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2017
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21. Whole Proteome Analyses on Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum Show a Modulation of the Cellulolysis Machinery in Response to Cellulosic Materials with Subtle Differences in Chemical and Structural Properties.
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Badalato N, Guillot A, Sabarly V, Dubois M, Pourette N, Pontoire B, Robert P, Bridier A, Monnet V, Sousa DZ, Durand S, Mazéas L, Buléon A, Bouchez T, Mortha G, and Bize A
- Subjects
- Fermentation, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Cellulose metabolism, Clostridium metabolism, Proteome
- Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials from municipal solid waste emerge as attractive resources for anaerobic digestion biorefinery. To increase the knowledge required for establishing efficient bioprocesses, dynamics of batch fermentation by the cellulolytic bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum were compared using three cellulosic materials, paper handkerchief, cotton discs and Whatman filter paper. Fermentation of paper handkerchief occurred the fastest and resulted in a specific metabolic profile: it resulted in the lowest acetate-to-lactate and acetate-to-ethanol ratios. By shotgun proteomic analyses of paper handkerchief and Whatman paper incubations, 151 proteins with significantly different levels were detected, including 20 of the 65 cellulosomal components, 8 non-cellulosomal CAZymes and 44 distinct extracytoplasmic proteins. Consistent with the specific metabolic profile observed, many enzymes from the central carbon catabolic pathways had higher levels in paper handkerchief incubations. Among the quantified CAZymes and cellulosomal components, 10 endoglucanases mainly from the GH9 families and 7 other cellulosomal subunits had lower levels in paper handkerchief incubations. An in-depth characterization of the materials used showed that the lower levels of endoglucanases in paper handkerchief incubations could hypothetically result from its lower crystallinity index (50%) and degree of polymerization (970). By contrast, the higher hemicellulose rate in paper handkerchief (13.87%) did not result in the enhanced expression of enzyme with xylanase as primary activity, including enzymes from the "xyl-doc" cluster. It suggests the absence, in this material, of molecular structures that specifically lead to xylanase induction. The integrated approach developed in this work shows that subtle differences among cellulosic materials regarding chemical and structural characteristics have significant effects on expressed bacterial functions, in particular the cellulolysis machinery, resulting in different metabolic patterns and degradation dynamics., Competing Interests: We have the following interests: Victor Sabarly and Marc Dubois are employed by Omics Services. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
- Published
- 2017
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22. Mechanistic modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose integrating substrate morphology and cocktail composition.
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Huron M, Hudebine D, Lopes Ferreira N, and Lachenal D
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- Aspergillus niger metabolism, Computer Simulation, Hydrolysis, Kinetics, Models, Biological, Substrate Specificity, Trichoderma metabolism, Aspergillus niger enzymology, Cellulases metabolism, Cellulose metabolism, Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase metabolism, Trichoderma enzymology
- Abstract
A mechanistic model of enzymatic hydrolysis taking into account the morphology of the cellulosic particles and its evolution with time was developed. The individual behavior of the main enzymes involved in the reaction (cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases, and β-glucosidases), as well as synergy effects, were also included. A large panel of experimental tests was done to fit and validate the model. This database included different enzymes mixtures and operating conditions and allowed to determine and compare with accuracy the adsorption and kinetic parameters of the different enzymes. Model predictions on short hydrolysis times were very satisfactory. On longer times, a deactivation constant was added to represent the hydrolysis slowdown. The model also allowed to predict the impact of enzymes ratios and initial substrate parameters (chain length distribution, polymerization degree) on hydrolysis, and to follow the evolution of these parameters with time. This model revealed general trends on the impact of cellulose morphology on hydrolysis. It is a useful tool to better understand the mechanisms involved in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and to determine optimal cellulolytic cocktails for process design., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2016
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23. Capillary Flow Resistors: Local and Global Resistors.
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Berthier J, Gosselin D, Pham A, Delapierre G, Belgacem N, and Chaussy D
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The use of capillary systems in space and biotechnology applications requires the regulation of the capillary flow velocity. It has been observed that constricted sections act as flow resistors. In this work, we also show that enlarged sections temporarily reduce the velocity of the flow. In this work, the theory of the dynamics of capillary flows passing through a constricted or an enlarged channel section is presented. It is demonstrated that the physics of a capillary flow in a channel with a constriction or an enlargement is different and that a constriction acts as a global flow resistor and an enlargement as a local flow resistor. The theoretical results are checked against experimental approaches.
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- 2016
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24. Antibacterial paperboard packaging using microfibrillated cellulose.
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Lavoine N, Desloges I, Manship B, and Bras J
- Abstract
The industry and consumers are focusing more and more on the development of biodegradable and lightweight food-packaging materials, which could better preserve the quality of the food and improve its shelf-life. In an attempt to meet these requirements, this study presents a novel bio-substrate able to contain active bio-molecules for future food-packaging applications. Based on a paperboard substrate, the development of an antibacterial bio-packaging material is, therein, achieved using a chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) solution as a model of an antibacterial molecule, mixed with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and used as coating onto paperboard samples. AFM and FE-SEM analyses were performed to underline the nanoporous MFC network able to trap and to progressively release the CHX molecules. The release study of CHX was conducted in an aqueous medium and showed a lower proportion (20 %) of CHX released when using MFC. This led to the constant release of low amounts of CHX over 40 h. Antibacterial tests were carried out to assess the preservation of the antibacterial activity of the samples after the release studies. Samples remained active against Bacillus subtilis, with better results being obtained when MFC was used. The preservation of the quality of a model food was finally evaluated paving the way for future promising applications in the food packaging industry.
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- 2015
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25. Engineered pigments based on iridescent cellulose nanocrystal films.
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Bardet R, Roussel F, Coindeau S, Belgacem N, and Bras J
- Subjects
- Nanoparticles chemistry, Osmolar Concentration, Vacuum, Water chemistry, Cellulose chemistry, Optical Phenomena, Pigmentation
- Abstract
A simple method to produce biobased iridescent pigments from cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films is reported. The process consists of forming nanostructured films from a CNC liquid-crystalline suspension and an appropriate dry grinding. The features of the iridescent pigments are described; they have a flake-like morphology with a thickness of 25 μm. However, because of the presence of sulfate groups, thermal degradation and high redispersion in water occur, which affect the iridescent property of these biobased pigments. To overcome such limitations, two post-treatments are proposed. The sulfate ester groups are removed from the iridescent pigments with vacuum overdrying. The mass loss of iridescent pigment in water is reduced with an increase of the ionic strength in the aqueous medium by NaCl addition. These post-treatments have proven to be efficient and engineered pigments based on CNC films can be used to add anticounterfeiting features to packaging manufactured by classical paper techniques or extrusion., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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26. The influence of printed electronics on the recyclability of paper: a case study for smart envelopes in courier and postal services.
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Aliaga C, Zhang H, Dobon A, Hortal M, and Beneventi D
- Subjects
- Electronics, Pilot Projects, Postal Service, Paper, Printing methods, Recycling, Waste Management
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of the presence of printed electronics on the paper waste streams and specifically on paper recyclability. The analysis is based on a case study focussed on envelopes for postal and courier services provided with these intelligent systems. The smart printed envelope of the study includes a combination of both conventional (thin flexible batteries and resistors) and printed electronic components (conductive track layout based on nanosilver ink). For this purpose, a comparison between envelopes with and without these components (batteries, resistors and conductive track layouts) was carried out through pilot scale paper recycling tests. The generation of rejects during the recycling process as well as the final quality of the recycled paper (mechanical and optical properties) were tested and quantitatively evaluated. The results show that resistors are retained during the screening process in the sieves and consequently they cannot end up in the final screened pulp. Therefore, mechanical and optical properties of the recycled paper are not affected. Nevertheless, inks from the conductive track layouts and batteries were partially dissolved in the process water. These substances were not totally retained in the sieving systems resulting in slight changes in the optical properties of the final recycled paper (variations are 7.2-7.5% in brightness, 8.5-10.7% in whiteness, 1.2-2.2% in L(∗) values, 3.3-3.5% in opacity and 16.1-27% in yellowness). These variations are not in ranges able to cause problems in current paper recycling processes and restrict the use of recycled paper in current applications. Moreover, real impacts on industrial recycling are expected to be even significantly lower since the proportion of paper product with printed circuits in the current paper waste streams are much lower than the ones tested in this work. However, it should be underlined the fact that this situation may change over the next years due to the future developments in printed electronics and the gradual penetration of these types of devices in the market., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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27. Formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose during ozone treatment of pulp: consequences for pulp bleaching.
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Pouyet F, Chirat C, Potthast A, and Lachenal D
- Subjects
- Aldehydes chemical synthesis, Bleaching Agents chemistry, Carboxylic Acids chemical synthesis, Eucalyptus chemistry, Cellulose chemistry, Ozone chemistry
- Abstract
The formation of carbonyl groups during the ozone treatment (Z) of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid) kraft pulps and their behaviors during subsequent alkaline stages were investigated by the CCOA method with carbazole-9-carboxylic acid [2-(2-aminooxethoxy)-ethoxy] amide (CCOA) as the carbonyl-selective fluorescence label. Several pulp samples with or without lignin and hexenuronic acids (hexA) were used to elucidate the effects of these components when present in unbleached kraft pulp. Both hexA and lignin increased the formation of carbonyl groups on cellulose and hemicellulose during ozonation. It was concluded that radicals are likely formed when ozone reacts with either lignin or hexA. These carbonyl groups were involved in cellulose depolymerization during subsequent alkaline extraction stages with sodium hydroxide (E) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (P, in ZEP or ZP). Their numbers decreased after E but increased during P when H2O2 was not stabilized enough. Several ways to minimize the occurrence of carbonyl group formation are suggested., (Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2014
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28. Microfibrillated cellulose coatings as new release systems for active packaging.
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Lavoine N, Desloges I, and Bras J
- Abstract
In this work, a new use of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is highlighted for high-added-value applications. For the first time, a nanoporous network formed by MFC coated on paper is used for a controlled release of molecules. The release study was carried out in water with caffeine as a model molecule. The release process was studied by means of (i) continuous, and (ii) intermittent diffusion experiments (with renewal of the medium every 10 min). The effect of the MFC was first observed for the samples impregnated in the caffeine solution. These samples, coated with MFC (coat weight of about 7 g/m(2)), released the caffeine over a longer period (29 washings compared with 16), even if the continuous diffusions were similar for both samples (without and with MFC coating). The slowest release of caffeine was observed for samples coated with the mixture (MFC+caffeine). Moreover, the caffeine was only fully released 9h after the release from the other samples was completed. This study compared two techniques for the introduction of model molecules in MFC-coated papers. The latter offers a more controlled and gradual release. This new approach creates many opportunities especially in the food-packaging field. A similar study could be carried out with an active species., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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29. Simple Method for the Melt Extrusion of a Cellulose Nanocrystal Reinforced Hydrophobic Polymer.
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Ben Azouz K, Ramires EC, Van den Fonteyne W, El Kissi N, and Dufresne A
- Abstract
The rheological properties of a dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in an aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene (PEO) have been investigated. A peculiar behavior is reported. Upon adding CNC, the viscosity of the suspension first decreases and then increases. Adsorption of PEO chains on the surface of the nanoparticles has been suspected. Freeze-drying of this PEO-adsorbed CNC dispersion was performed, and the ensuing lyophilizate was extruded with low density polyethylene. Compared to neat CNC-based nanocomposites, both improved dispersibility and thermal stability were observed. This simple and physical method constitutes an approach of choice for the melt processing of CNC-based nanocomposites with a hydrophobic polymeric matrix applicable at the industrial scale.
- Published
- 2012
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