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1. Does AI help humans make better decisions? A methodological framework for experimental evaluation

Author

Ben-Michael, Eli, Greiner, D. James, Huang, Melody, Imai, Kosuke, Jiang, Zhichao, and Shin, Sooahn

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Economics - General Economics, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based on data-driven algorithms has become ubiquitous in today's society. Yet, in many cases and especially when stakes are high, humans still make final decisions. The critical question, therefore, is whether AI helps humans make better decisions as compared to a human alone or AI an alone. We introduce a new methodological framework that can be used to answer experimentally this question with no additional assumptions. We measure a decision maker's ability to make correct decisions using standard classification metrics based on the baseline potential outcome. We consider a single-blinded experimental design, in which the provision of AI-generated recommendations is randomized across cases with a human making final decisions. Under this experimental design, we show how to compare the performance of three alternative decision-making systems--human-alone, human-with-AI, and AI-alone. We apply the proposed methodology to the data from our own randomized controlled trial of a pretrial risk assessment instrument. We find that AI recommendations do not improve the classification accuracy of a judge's decision to impose cash bail. Our analysis also shows that AI-alone decisions generally perform worse than human decisions with or without AI assistance. Finally, AI recommendations tend to impose cash bail on non-white arrestees more often than necessary when compared to white arrestees.

Published
2024

2. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, de Kerret, H., Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Abrahão, T., Ahijado, J. M., Akiri, T., Alarcón, J. M., Alba, J., Almazan, H., Anjos, J. C. dos, Appel, S., Ardellier, F., Barabanov, I., Barriere, J. C., Baussan, E., Baxter, A., Bekman, I., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bertoli, W., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blanco, C., Bleurvacq, N., Blucher, E., Bonet, H., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S, Brugière, T., Buck, C., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Calvo, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cazaux, S., Cela, J. M., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. J., Charon, P., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M, Cormon, S., Corpace, O., Courty, B., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cuadrado, S., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dorigo, F., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremekov, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fernández-Bedoya, C., Francia, D., Franco, D., Fischer, V., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Garcia, F., Garcia, J., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Givaudan, A., Göger-Neff, M., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J., Gramlich, B., Greiner, D., Guertin, A., Guillon, B., Habib, S. M., Haddad, Y., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellwig, D., Hervé, S., Hofacker, R., Horton-Smith, G., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jänner, K., Jiménez, S., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kaether, F., Kale, K., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaneda, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., Kibe, Y., Kirchner, T., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Latron, L., Leonardo, C., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lucht, S., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, F., Martinez, J. J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., McKee, D., Meigner, F., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, J. P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Millot, J. F., Minotti, A., Mirones, V., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Navas-Nicolás, D., Nikitenko, Y., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Pronost, G., Puras, J. C., Quéval, R., Ramirez, J. L., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Reissfelder, M., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Rodriguez, I., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Rudolf, N., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schwan, U., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Shaevitz, M. A., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sida, J. L., Sinev, V., Shrestha, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Starzynski, P., Stock, M. R., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toral, F., Toups, M., Thi, H. Trinh, Valdivia, F., Valdiviesso, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Verdugo, A., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vignaud, D., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., White, B., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Yang, G., Yáñez, J., Yermia, F., and Zbiri, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle {\theta}13. The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components., Comment: 49 pages, 29 figures

Published
2022
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3. Safe Policy Learning through Extrapolation: Application to Pre-trial Risk Assessment

Author

Ben-Michael, Eli, Greiner, D. James, Imai, Kosuke, and Jiang, Zhichao

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Algorithmic recommendations and decisions have become ubiquitous in today's society. Many of these and other data-driven policies, especially in the realm of public policy, are based on known, deterministic rules to ensure their transparency and interpretability. For example, algorithmic pre-trial risk assessments, which serve as our motivating application, provide relatively simple, deterministic classification scores and recommendations to help judges make release decisions. How can we use the data based on existing deterministic policies to learn new and better policies? Unfortunately, prior methods for policy learning are not applicable because they require existing policies to be stochastic rather than deterministic. We develop a robust optimization approach that partially identifies the expected utility of a policy, and then finds an optimal policy by minimizing the worst-case regret. The resulting policy is conservative but has a statistical safety guarantee, allowing the policy-maker to limit the probability of producing a worse outcome than the existing policy. We extend this approach to common and important settings where humans make decisions with the aid of algorithmic recommendations. Lastly, we apply the proposed methodology to a unique field experiment on pre-trial risk assessment instruments. We derive new classification and recommendation rules that retain the transparency and interpretability of the existing instrument while potentially leading to better overall outcomes at a lower cost.

Published
2021

9. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author

de Kerret, H., Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Abrahão, T., Ahijado, J. M., Akiri, T., Alarcón, J. M., Alba, J., Almazan, H., dos Anjos, J. C., Appel, S., Ardellier, F., Barabanov, I., Barriere, J. C., Baussan, E., Baxter, A., Bekman, I., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bertoli, W., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blanco, C., Bleurvacq, N., Blucher, E., Bonet, H., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S, Brugière, T., Buck, C., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Calvo, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cazaux, S., Cela, J. M., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. J., Charon, P., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M, Cormon, S., Corpace, O., Courty, B., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cuadrado, S., Cucoanes, A., D’Agostino, M., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dorigo, F., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremeko, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fernández-Bedoya, C., Francia, D., Franco, D., Fischer, V., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Garcia, F., Garcia, J., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Givaudan, A., Göger-Neff, M., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J., Gramlich, B., Greiner, D., Guertin, A., Guillon, B., Habib, S. M., Haddad, Y., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellwig, D., Hervé, S., Hofacker, R., Horton-Smith, G., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jänner, K., Jiménez, S., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kaether, F., Kale, K., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaneda, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., Kibe, Y., Kirchner, T., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Latron, L., Leonardo, C., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima, Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lucht, S., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, F., Martinez, J. J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., McKee, D., Meigner, F., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, J. P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Millot, J. F., Minotti, A., Mirones, V., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Navas-Nicolás, D., Nikitenko, Y., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Pronost, G., Puras, J. C., Quéval, R., Ramirez, J. L., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Reissfelder, M., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Rodriguez, I., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Rudolf, N., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schwan, U., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Shaevitz, M. A., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sida, J.-L., Sinev, V., Shrestha, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Starzynski, P., Stock, M. R., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toral, F., Toups, M., Thi, H. Trinh, Valdivia, F., Valdiviesso, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Verdugo, A., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vignaud, D., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., White, B., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Yang, G., Yáñez, J., Yermia, F., and Zbiri, K.

Published
2022
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12. First Measurement of \theta_13 from Delayed Neutron Capture on Hydrogen in the Double Chooz Experiment

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Double Chooz experiment has determined the value of the neutrino oscillation parameter $\theta_{13}$ from an analysis of inverse beta decay interactions with neutron capture on hydrogen. This analysis uses a three times larger fiducial volume than the standard Double Chooz assessment, which is restricted to a region doped with gadolinium (Gd), yielding an exposure of 113.1 GW-ton-years. The data sample used in this analysis is distinct from that of the Gd analysis, and the systematic uncertainties are also largely independent, with some exceptions, such as the reactor neutrino flux prediction. A combined rate- and energy-dependent fit finds $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}=0.097\pm 0.034(stat.) \pm 0.034 (syst.)$, excluding the no-oscillation hypothesis at 2.0 \sigma. This result is consistent with previous measurements of $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}$., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; published version

Published
2013
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13. Direct Measurement of Backgrounds using Reactor-Off Data in Double Chooz

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadon, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Double Chooz is unique among modern reactor-based neutrino experiments studying $\bar \nu_e$ disappearance in that data can be collected with all reactors off. In this paper, we present data from 7.53 days of reactor-off running. Applying the same selection criteria as used in the Double Chooz reactor-on oscillation analysis, a measured background rate of 1.0$\pm$0.4 events/day is obtained. The background model for accidentals, cosmogenic $\beta$-$n$-emitting isotopes, fast neutrons from cosmic muons, and stopped-$\mu$ decays used in the oscillation analysis is demonstrated to be correct within the uncertainties. Kinematic distributions of the events, which are dominantly cosmic-ray-produced correlated-background events, are provided. The background rates are scaled to the shielding depths of two other reactor-based oscillation experiments, Daya Bay and RENO., Comment: V2 has corrections to affiliations

Published
2012
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14. First Test of Lorentz Violation with a Reactor-based Antineutrino Experiment

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Katori, T., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shrestha, D., Sida, J. -L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yanovitch, E., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a search for Lorentz violation with 8249 candidate electron antineutrino events taken by the Double Chooz experiment in 227.9 live days of running. This analysis, featuring a search for a sidereal time dependence of the events, is the first test of Lorentz invariance using a reactor-based antineutrino source. No sidereal variation is present in the data and the disappearance results are consistent with sidereal time independent oscillations. Under the Standard-Model Extension (SME), we set the first limits on fourteen Lorentz violating coefficients associated with transitions between electron and tau flavor, and set two competitive limits associated with transitions between electron and muon flavor., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; (new version after referee's comments)

Published
2012
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15. Reactor electron antineutrino disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Goger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castanõ, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Rohling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schonert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J. -L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stuken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Double Chooz experiment has observed 8,249 candidate electron antineutrino events in 227.93 live days with 33.71 GW-ton-years (reactor power x detector mass x livetime) exposure using a 10.3 cubic meter fiducial volume detector located at 1050 m from the reactor cores of the Chooz nuclear power plant in France. The expectation in case of theta13 = 0 is 8,937 events. The deficit is interpreted as evidence of electron antineutrino disappearance. From a rate plus spectral shape analysis we find sin^2 2{\theta}13 = 0.109 \pm 0.030(stat) \pm 0.025(syst). The data exclude the no-oscillation hypothesis at 99.8% CL (2.9{\sigma})., Comment: Modified for PRD referees

Published
2012
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16. Monte Carlo aided design of the inner muon veto detectors for the Double Chooz experiment

Author

Dietrich, D., Greiner, D., Jochum, J., Lachenmaier, T., Stokes, L. F. F., and Röhling, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Double Chooz neutrino experiment aims to measure the last unknown neutrino mixing angle theta_13 using two identical detectors positioned at sites both near and far from the reactor cores of the Chooz nuclear power plant. To suppress correlated background induced by cosmic muons in the detectors, they are protected by veto detector systems. One of these systems is the inner muon veto. It is an active liquid scintillator based detector and instrumented with encapsulated photomultiplier tubes. In this paper we describe the Monte Carlo aided design process of the inner muon veto, that resulted in a detector configuration with 78 PMTs yielding an efficiency of 99.978 +- 0.004% for rejecting muon events and an efficiency of >98.98% for rejecting correlated events induced by muons. A veto detector of this design is currently used at the far detector site and will be built and incorporated as the muon identification system at the near site of the Double Chooz experiment.

Published
2012
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17. Indication for the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos in the Double Chooz experiment

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Akiri, T., Anjos, J. C. dos, Ardellier, F., Barbosa, A. F., Baxter, A., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Cormon, S., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Endo, Y., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Guillon, B., Haag, N., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haruna, T., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., Liu, Y., López-Castanõ, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Milzstajn, A., Miyata, H., Motta, D., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Queval, R., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Röhling, M., Roth, S., Rubin, H. A., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwan, U., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yanovitch, E., Yermia, F., Zbiri, K., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Double Chooz Experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. A ratio of 0.944 $\pm$ 0.016 (stat) $\pm$ 0.040 (syst) observed to predicted events was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant in France, with two 4.25 GW$_{th}$ reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m$^3$ fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 measurement as an anchor point. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a non-zero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter \sang. Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum we find \sang = 0.086 $\pm$ 0.041 (stat) $\pm$ 0.030 (syst), or, at 90% CL, 0.015 $<$ \sang $\ <$ 0.16., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, (new version after PRL referee's comments)

Published
2011
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18. Exit polling and racial bloc voting: Combining individual-level and R$\times$C ecological data

Author

Greiner, D. James and Quinn, Kevin M.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Despite its shortcomings, cross-level or ecological inference remains a necessary part of some areas of quantitative inference, including in United States voting rights litigation. Ecological inference suffers from a lack of identification that, most agree, is best addressed by incorporating individual-level data into the model. In this paper we test the limits of such an incorporation by attempting it in the context of drawing inferences about racial voting patterns using a combination of an exit poll and precinct-level ecological data; accurate information about racial voting patterns is needed to assess triggers in voting rights laws that can determine the composition of United States legislative bodies. Specifically, we extend and study a hybrid model that addresses two-way tables of arbitrary dimension. We apply the hybrid model to an exit poll we administered in the City of Boston in 2008. Using the resulting data as well as simulation, we compare the performance of a pure ecological estimator, pure survey estimators using various sampling schemes and our hybrid. We conclude that the hybrid estimator offers substantial benefits by enabling substantive inferences about voting patterns not practicably available without its use., Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOAS353 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)

Published
2011
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19. The STAR Time Projection Chamber: A Unique Tool for Studying High Multiplicity Events at RHIC

Author

Anderson, M., Berkovitz, J., Betts, W., Bossingham, R., Bieser, F., Brown, R., Burkes, M., Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca, Cebra, D., Cherney, M., Chrin, J., Edwards, W. R., Ghazikhanian, V., Greiner, D., Gilkes, M., Hardtke, D., Harper, G., Hjort, E., Huang, H., Igo, G., Jacobson, S., Keane, D., Klein, S. R., Koehler, G., Kotchenda, L., Lasiuk, B., Lebedev, A., Lin, J., Lisa, M., Matis, H. S., Nystrand, J., Panitkin, S., Reichold, D., Retiere, F., Sakrejda, I., Schweda, K., Shuman, D., Snellings, R., Stone, N., Stringfellow, B., Thomas, J. H., Trainor, T., Trentalange, S., Wells, R., Whitten, C., Wieman, H., Yamamoto, E., and Zhang, W.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used to record collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The TPC is the central element in a suite of detectors that surrounds the interaction vertex. The TPC provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and provides complete tracking for charged particles within +- 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center-of-mass frame. Charged particles with momenta greater than 100 MeV/c are recorded. Multiplicities in excess of 3,000 tracks per event are routinely reconstructed in the software. The TPC measures 4 m in diameter by 4.2 m long, making it the largest TPC in the world., Comment: 28 pages, 11 figures

Published
2003
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28. The Effects of Prosecutorial Screening on the Timing and Disposition of Cases

Author

Pulvino, Rory, Himberger, Kevin, Naddeo, JJ, Braman, Donald, and Greiner, D. James

Subjects
Criminal Law, Law and Race, FOS: Law, Criminal Procedure, Law Enforcement and Corrections, Law and Society, Law
Abstract

Few prosecutor offices have thorough, systematic intake procedures. In this study, we evaluate a new “Equity and Safety Screening Process” in a jurisdiction that had no formal screening process in place. Through random assignment to screening, we will measure the causal impact of screening on several outcomes related to racial equity and office efficiency via the timing and disposition of cases.

Published
2023
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31. STAR Project Conceptual Design Report Update

Author

Berkowitz, J., Bieser, F., Bloomer, M.A., Cebra, D., Chase, S.I., Christie, W., Edwards, W.R., Green, M., Greiner, D., Harris, J.W., Huang, H., Jacobs, P., Jones, P., Kleinfelder, S., LaPierre, R., Lindstrom, P., Margetis, S., Marx, J., Matis, H.S., McParland, C., Mitchell, J., Morse, R., Naudet, C.J., Noggle, T.L., Odyniec, G.J., Olson, D., Poskanzer, A.M., Rai, G., Rasson, J., Ritter, Hans G., Sakrejda, I., Schambach, J., Schroeder, L.S., Shuman, D., Stone, R., Symons, T.J.M., Teitelbaum, L.P., Wieman, H.H., Wilson, W.K.R., Wilson, W.K., Crawford, H.J., Engelage, J.M., and Greiner, L.

Published
1993

32. Conceptual Design Report for the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR)

Author

Berkowitz, J., Bieser, F., Bloomer, M.A., Cebra, D., Chase, S.I., Christie, W., Edwards, W.R., Green, M., Greiner, D., Harris, J.W., Huang, H., Jacobs, P., Jones, P., Kleinfelder, S., LaPierre, R., Lindstrom, P., Margetis, S., Marx, J., Matis, H.S., McParland, C., Mitchell, J., Morse, R., Naudet, C.J., Noggle, T.L., Odyniec, G.J., Olson, D., Poskanzer, A.M., Rai, G., Rasson, J., Ritter, Hans G., Sakrejda, I., Schambach, J., Schroeder, L.S., Shuman, D., Stone, R., Symons, T.J.M., Teitelbaum, L.P., Wieman, H.H., Wilson, W.K.R., Wilson, W.K., Crawford, H.J., Engelage, J.M., and Greiner, L.

Published
1992

33. Update to the RHIC Letter of Intent for An Experiment on Particle and Jet Production at Midrapidity

Author

Bieser, F., Bloomer, M.A., Cebra, D., Christie, W., Friedlander, E., Greiner, D., Gruhn, C., Harris, J.W., Huang, H., Jacobs, P., Kleinfelder, S., Lindstrom, P., Matis, H., McParland, C., Naudet, C.J., Odyniec, G.J., Olson, D., Poskanzer, A.M., Rai, G., Ritter, Hans G., Sakrejda, I., Schambach, J., Schroeder, L.S., Seidl, P.A., Symons, T.J.M., Tonse, S.R., Wieman, H.H., and Wilson, W.K.

Published
1991

34. An Experiment on Particle and Jet Production at Midrapidity

Author

Kadija, K., Paic, G., Vranic, D., Brady, F.P., Draper, J.E., Romero, J.L., Carroll, J., Ghazikhanian, V., Gulmez, E., Igo, G.J., Trentalange, S., Whitten, C., Cherney, M., Heck, W., Renfordt, R.E., Rohrich, D., Stock, R., Stroebele, H., Wenig, S., Hallman, T., Madansky, L., Anderson, B., Keane, D., Madey, R., Watson, J., Bieser, F., Bloomer, A.M., Cebra, D., Christie, W., Friedlander, E., Greiner, D., Gruhn, C., Harris, J.W., Huang, H., Jacombs, P., Lindstrom, P., Matix, H., McParland, C., Naudet, C.J., Odyniec, G.J., Olson, D., Poskanzer, A.M., Rai, G., Rasmussen, J.O., Ritter, Hans G., Schambach, J., Schroeder, L.S., Siedl, P.A., Symons, T.J.M., Tonse, S.R., Wieman, H.H., Carmony, D.D., Choi, Y., Hirsch, A., Hjort, E., Porile, N.T., Scharenberg, R.P., Srivastava, B.K., Tincknell, M.L., Chacon, A.D., Wolf, K.L., Dominik, W., Gazdzicki, M., Braithwaite, W.J., Cramer, J.G., Prindle, D., Trainor, T.A., Breskin, A., Chechik, R., Fraenkel, Z., Shor, A., and Tserruya, I.

Published
1990

38. Social Work in Public Defense Study

Author

Faith-Slaker, April and Greiner, D.

Abstract

A randomized control trial will be conducted in seven (7) counties in Tennessee to study the effectiveness of having social workers employed public defender offices. The study will also assess the effectiveness of human triage decision making. The researchers will measure various outcomes, including conviction and sentencing, probation violations, and recidivism.

Published
2022
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40. Ride Sharing App Failure to Appear Study

Author

Stubenberg, Matthew and Greiner, D.

Subjects
FOS: Law, Failure to Appear, Law, FTA
Abstract

This study tests the hypothesis that the offer of free transportation to criminal defendants through a popular rideshare app will reduce the failure to appear rate in criminal proceedings in the Cambridge/Malden Courthouse in Massachusetts. AEA Page: https://www.socialscienceregistry.org/trials/6738

Published
2022
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45. Homelessness Prevention through Eviction Diversion: an RCT

Author

Danser, Renee and Greiner, D.

Subjects
eviction, homelessness prevention, housing stability, eviction diversion, homelessness, RCT
Abstract

Evictions, both informal and court-ordered, are one of the most common pathways to homelessness, but proven interventions to interrupt this pathway are few. Two of three rigorous studies completed in this area show that providing a lawyer to a defendant in formal court eviction proceedings results in fewer court ordered evictions. But there are no corresponding studies regarding whether legal advice provided before the landlord files a formal eviction will result in favorable resolutions for tenants, including improved housing conditions and fewer formal and informal evictions. Is early, low-cost legal assistance an effective, and cost-effective, intervention to prevent evictions that may lead to homelessness? This study hypothesizes that such is the case and will provide rigorous evidence in partnership with Legal Services of Greater Miami. With an anticipated study size of 616 people and a treatment including brief legal advice for individuals threatened with informal eviction by landlords refusing to make repairs, we will learn whether so-called “eviction diversion” is a useful tool to divert individuals and families away from a court eviction, to combat homelessness, and to keep people housed longer.

Published
2022
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46. Evaluating an Online Dispute Resolution System in Florida’s 11th Judicial Circuit Using an Encouragement Design

Author

Danser, Renee and Greiner, D.

Subjects
ODR, encouragement design, Online Dispute Resolution, Criminal Law, FOS: Law, traffic compliance, traffic ticket, courts, Law, randomized control trial, RCT
Abstract

This study will deploy an RCT to understand whether providing encouragement to use an Online Dispute Resolution (“ODR”) platform to resolve traffic compliance matters will result in more use of the platform and whether those that use the platform versus those who do not experience better outcomes. Compliance cases in traffic matters are those where an individual is issued a citation because they were not able to produce some documentation to show they possess it, such as a valid driver’s license or proof of insurance. We will randomly assign who gets encouragement to use the platform and who gets the status quo information about the existence of the platform. We will study whether providing this encouragement results in greater usage of the platform and whether using the platform, as compared to those who do not, affects the following outcomes: 1. Time to disposition, 2. Number of hearings conducted, 3. Length of time expended by users for court matters, 4. Frequency of settlements, 5. Perceptions of procedural justice, and 6. Frequency of failure to appear determinations.

Published
2022
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48. Investigation of near-stoichiometric polycrystalline CuInSe2 thin films by photoreflectance spectroscopy.

Author

Levcenko, S., Stange, H., Choubrac, L., Greiner, D., Heinemann, M. D., Mainz, R., and Unold, T.

Subjects
THIN films, SPECTROMETRY, INVESTIGATIONS, ENERGY level transitions, HETEROJUNCTIONS
Abstract

The bandgap of CuInSe2 thin film photovoltaic absorbers depends on the Cu content, although the nature of this dependence is still a matter of debate. While theoretical results predicted a widening or stable bandgap with decreasing Cu content, the few experimental data available point to a narrowing of the bandgap. Here, we apply photoreflectance spectroscopy at room temperature to near-stoichiometric polycrystalline CuInSe2/CdS heterojunctions with a lateral Cu gradient to analyze the electronic transitions in the vicinity of the fundamental absorption edge of CuInSe2 absorber as a function of Cu deficiency. The results indicate that the lowest bandgap transition at 1.02 eV notably decreases by 20–30 meV for slightly Cu deficient samples, strengthening the case for an association of a lower Cu content with a narrower bandgap. In contrast, the higher energy transition at 1.25 eV does not show a redshift, which requires further theoretical explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Humanized SCID Mouse Models for Biomedical Research

Author

Pearson, T., Greiner, D. L., Shultz, L. D., Compans, Richard W., editor, Cooper, Max D., editor, Honjo, Tasuku, editor, Koprowski, Hilary, editor, Melchers, Fritz, editor, Oldstone, Michael B. A., editor, Olsnes, Sjur, editor, Vogt, Peter K., editor, Nomura, Tatsuji, editor, Watanabe, Takeshi, editor, and Habu, Sonoko, editor

Published
2008
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