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Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Dima, Bálint, Albert, László, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Campo, Emanuele, Sleiman, Sandra, Dvořák, Daniel, Zehnálek, Petr, Holec, Jan (2022): Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut: epitypification and updated biogeography of a poorly known but widespread thermophilous species. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4): 81-90, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a4

Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut Documents mycologiques 15 (59): 42 (Bon & Chevassut 1985). ORIGINAL DIAGNOSIS. — Pileus 5-12 cm, convexus vel late mammosus, carnosus, margine involuta, cuticula viscosa, coloribus versus discum fulvobrunneis vel rubrocastaneis, versus marginem paulatim pallidioribus, aurantio-ochraceis vel cremeo-roseis. Lamellae arcuatae, decurrentes, distantes, pallide cremeo roseae, vel ab imo subincarnatae. Stipes 6-10(13) × 1-2.5 cm, deorsum attenuato, sursum albido-punctuato, zona viscosa subannuliformi, fugaci atque versus basim nonnulis fasciolis +/- ochraceis. Caro pallide incarnata, odore saporeque subnullo vel fungoso. Sporae 9-10 × 5.5-6.5 µm, ellipticae.Trama bilateralis; basidia 45-65 × 7-10 µm, tetraspora. Cuticula pilei hyphis × 3-5 µm, gelatinosis, pigmento mixto vel membranari interdum verrucoso. Caulocutis sursum pilis +/- refringentibus, deorsum hyphis elongatis in micaceo muco coercitis. In Querceto ilicis vel pubescentis lectus, serotinus. Holotypus no. 84 391 in herbario MB – Cotypus GC 3326. HOLOTYPE. — France. Gard, close to Quissac, Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens on calcareous bedrock, 12.XII.1984, leg. G. Chevassut, det. M. Bon, Bon 84391 (holo-, LIP[LIP 0102284]); iso-, in herb. G. Chevassut 3326 (current location of this herbarium is unknown) (Fig. 1). EPITYPE. — France. Bouches-du-Rhône, Simiane-Collongue, calcareous bedrock, under Q. ilex and Pinus halepensis Mill., 31.X.2000, leg. & det. P.-A. Moreau, PAM00103101 (epi-, designated here in support of the holotype cited above, LIP[LIP 0402283]), GenBank ITS: MZ576440, MycoBank: MBT 10003653 (Fig. 2). ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Austria. Burgenland, district Oberpullendorf, community Horitschon, Ragerwald, 47°34’30”N, 16°32’30”E, 290 m a.s.l., bedrock, Inner Alpine Neogene Basin, clay, marl, marlstone, sand, gravel, limestone, in thermophilous oak forest, near Quercus cerris, Carpinus betulus L., and Acer L., c. 10 basidiomata, 29.IX.1988, leg. W. Klofac, det. A. Hausknecht (WU[WU-Myc 007470]). Croatia. Istria Region, Novigrad, Tar, sea coast, Mediterranean area, under Quercus ilex and Arbutus unedo L., 6.XII.2003, leg. & det. E. Campo (TUR [TUR-A 162859]); under Quercus pubescens, on calcarous soil, 6.XII.2014, leg.& det. E. Campo (MCVE [MCVE 28439]); Kvarner Region, Krk, Malinska, in Mediterranean area, on calcareous soil under Q. pubescens and Q. cerris, 17.XI.2018, leg. & det. E. Campo (specimens not kept). Czech Republic. Central Bohemia, near the village of Mcely, Čtvrtě National Nature Reserve, 50°17’54”N, 15°4’11.579”E, 225 m a.s.l.,under Carpinus L., Tilia L., Corylus L. and Quercus robur L. on calcareous bedrock (arenaceous marl), 10.IX.2010, leg. Jan Borovička, voucher lost; 50°17’39.96”N, 15°3’9.84”E, 250 m a.s.l., thermophilous oak forest, calcareous bedrock, under Quercus robur, 5.XI.2020, leg. & det. J. Holec, JH366/2020 (PRM [PRM 955166]; Fig. 4A); 50°17’52.868”N, 15°4’15.354”E, 225 m a.s.l., in warm broadleaved forest under Carpinus and Quercus, 1.XI.2020, leg. & det. J. Borovička, 3192 (PRM [PRM 954665]) (This site is 1.4 km NEE of the previous one and very close [about 50-100 m] to the first record from Čtvrtě in September 2010 [see above].); South Moravia, near Mokrá-Horákov, Sivický les, 49°13’16.2”N, 16°45’46.439”E (accuracy several hundred meters), 350-400 m a.s.l., thermophilous oak forest, calcareous bedrock, under Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Carpinus and Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, 4.XI.2007, leg. & det. D. Dvořák, DD 501/07 (BRNU [BRNU 677820]; Fig. 4B). France. Bouches-du-Rhône, Simiane-Collongue, calcareous bedrock, under Q. ilex and Pinus halepensis, 31.X.2000, leg.& det.P.-A.Moreau, PAM00103101 (epi-, LIP[LIP 0402283]; Fig. 2); Hérault, Montpellier, campus du CEFE-CNRS, calcareous bedrock, under Q. ilex and Pinus halepensis, 5.XII.2010, leg. & det. F. Richard, FR0512001 (CEFE); Hérault, Puechabon, site expérimental du CEFE-CNRS, 43°44’29”N, 03°35’45”E, 270 m a.s.l., calcareous bedrock, soil under Q. ilex, 28.I.2009, leg. O. Shahin, det. F. Richard (environmental sample VAC25b-09), GenBank: JF506763 (Richard et al. 2011); Vaucluse, Cadenet, La Royère, calcareous bedrock, under Q. ilex, Q. pubescens and P. halepensis, 7.XII.2004, leg. & det. D. Borgarino, DiBo041144; Vaucluse, Cucuron, La Capagière, calcareous bedrock, under Q. ilex, Q. pubescens and P. halepensis, 10.XII.2004, leg. & det. D. Borgarino, DiBo041202 (Fig. 4C). Hungary. Budai-hegység Mts., Budapest, Mt. Széchenyi-hegy, 47°29’16.56”N, 18°58’56.279”E, 400 m a.s.l., thermophilous oak forest (Ceraso mahaleb -Quercetum pubescentis), calcareous bedrock, under Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Fraxinus ornus L., Tilia cordata Mill., Prunus mahaleb L., Cornus mas L., 8.XI.2015, leg. & det. L. Albert, AL 280/15; 12.XI.2020, leg. & det. L. Albert & B. Dima, AL 342/20, DB 2020-11-12-2 (ELTE) (Fig. 4D); Budai-hegység Mts., Budapest, Mt. János-hegy, 47°31’18”N, 18°56’59.7”E, thermophilous oak forest, calcareous bedrock, under Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Fraxinus ornus, 10.X.2014, leg. & det. B. Dima, DB5586 (ELTE); Budai-hegység Mts., Budakeszi, Wildlife Park, in deciduous forest, calcareous bedrock, under Quercus petraea, Carpinus betulus, 21.X.1976, leg. G. Bohus & M. Babos (as Hygrophorus fagi G.Becker & Bon), det. B. Dima (BP [BP58973]), GenBank: MK088109 (Zajta et al. 2019); Bükk Mts., Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Miskolc, Csanyik-völgy, in deciduous forest, calcareous bedrock, under Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea, 16.X.2007, leg. & det. L. Albert & B. Dima, AL 07/90; Vértes Mts., Fejér County, Csákvár, thermophilous oak forest, calcareous bedrock, under Quercus cerris, 1.XI.2015, leg. P. Finy, det. B. Dima, FP 2015-11-01. Italy. Friuli Venezia Giulia,Trieste, Parco di Miramare, 45°42’16.18”N, 13°42’52.37”E, 10 m a.s.l., on calcareous soil under Q. ilex, 28.XII.2012, leg. & det. P. Picciola (AMB-Muggia[AMB-Muggia 5824]); 21.XII.2014 (AMB-Muggia[AMB-Muggia 5657]); 28.XI.2015 (AMB-Muggia[AMB-Muggia 5846]); Friuli Venezia Giulia,Trieste, Muggia, Santa Barbara, 45°35’14.89”N, 13°47’4.50”E, 200 m a.s.l., on calcareous soil in mixed wood with Q. pubescens and P. nigra J.F.Arnold, 11.X.2017, leg. & det. P. Picciola (AMB-Muggia[AMB-Muggia 7196]); Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Basovizza, Bosco Igouza, 45°39’14.47”N, 13°52’24.48”E, 400 m a.s.l., on calcareous soil in mexed wood with P. nigra, Quercus sp. and other deciduous trees, 15.X.2017, leg. & det. P. Picciola (AMB-Muggia[AMB-Muggia 7175]); Toscana, Siena, Castellina in Chianti, Cipresseta S. Agnese, on calcareous soil under Quercus pubescens and Q. ilex, 28.X.2016, leg. & det. E. Campo, EC16102825 (Fig. 4E); Umbria, Carpegna, Passo Cantoniera, deciduous forest with Quercus cerris, 13.X.2004, leg. & det. A. Hausknecht (WU [WU-Myc 25200]; Fig. 4F). Lebanon. North Lebanon, Akkar district, near the village of Tesheh, 34°29’24.048”N, 36°11’34.343”E, 1354 m a.s.l., mixed limestone, sandstone and volcanic soil in Quercus calliprinos Webb forest with understory of Styrax officinalis L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L., 15.XII.2018, leg. & det. S. Sleiman (CEFE), GenBank:MZ088125 (Sleiman et al. 2021). ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. — Austria. The only known locality (Burgenland, Ragerwald) is a thermophilous oak forest with Quercus cerris on calcareous bedrock. Alltogether, some 500 species of fungi are known from this forest, among them rare in northern localities thermophilic species like Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers., Neoboletus xanthopus (Klofac & A.Urb.) Klofac & A.Urb., Rubroboletus legaliae (Pilát & Dermek) Della Maggiora & Trassinelli, R. rhodoxanthus (Krombh.) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang, R. satanas (Lenz) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang, Russula pannonica Pidlich-Aigner, as well as Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer, Desarmillaria tabescens (Scop.) R.A.Koch & Aime, Butyriboletus regius (Krombh.) D.Arora & J.L.Frank, and Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. Croatia. The only records known to us are from the coastal Mediterranean areas of North Croatia (Istria, Krk), on calcareous soils, under Quercus ilex, Q. pubescens or Q. cerris. Czech Republic. Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus is known only from two localities. Both of them are thermophilous oak forests on calcareous bedrock (arenaceous marl, limestone). In Čtvrtě (Central Bohemia), the forest is mainly composed by Quercus robur but also other trees like Q. pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Cornus mas, Sorbus torminalis, or Tilia. Interestingly, H. roseodiscoideus was not found at the hottest sites typical by occurrence of Q. pubescens, but all three collections were under Quercus robur. In Sivický les (Southern Moravia), the host tree was most likely Q. petraea. Čtvrtě site is characteristic by a typical community of thermophilous ectomycorrhizal fungi (Šebek 1990; Zíbarová 2014; Holec 2020) like Amanita solitaria (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertill., A. franchetii (Boud.) Fayod, Butyriboletus appendiculatus (Schaeff.) D.Arora & J.L.Frank, B. fechtneri (Velen.) D.Arora & J.L.Frank, Entoloma sinuatum (Pers.) P.Kumm., Hemileccinum impolitum (Fr.) Šutara, Hygrophorus penarioides Jacobsson & E.Larss., Inocybe godeyi Gillet, Lactarius acerrimus Britzelm., L. evosmus Kühner & Romagn., L. pterosporus Romagn., Leccinellum crocipodium (Letellier) Della Maggiora & Trassinelli, L. pseudoscabrum (Kallenb.) Šutara, Russula decipiens (Singer) Svrček, R. luteotacta Rea and numerous Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray (Phlegmacium (Fr.) Wünsche) species. The locality is protected as a national nature reserve and about 500 species of fungi are recorded there. Sivický les hosts a rich community of mainly ectomycorrhizal thermophilous and calciphilous species (Antonín et al. 2007), e.g. Amanita solitaria, Aureoboletus gentilis (Quél.) Pouzar, Butyriboletus appendiculatus, Cortinarius cotoneus Fr., C. dibaphus Fr., C. sodagnitus Rob.Henry and other cortinarii, Hemileccinum depilatum (Redeuilh) Šutara, H. impolitum, Hygrophorus arbustivus, H. russula (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Kauffman, Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Fr., Lyophyllum rhopalopodium Clémençon, Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus, R. satanas, Suillellus queletii (Schulzer) Vizzini, Simonini & Gelardi, Tricholoma filamentosum (Alessio) Alessio and many others. The site is currently declared as Special Area of Conservation (Natura 2000 site) with occurrence of Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests (habitat 9170) and Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp. (habitat 91I0). A small part of the area is protected as the Nature Monument Na Líchách. France. All molecularly confirmed collections of H. roseodiscoideus come from thermophilous, calciphilous Quercus (Q. ilex, Q. pubescens) woodlands of the Mediterranean area (cf. above). However, the species is reported from several localities in the western part of the country, under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean and always in the vicinity of Quercus trees, apparently following the geographical range of Q. ilex (cf. www.mycocharentes.fr and www.societemycologique-poitou.org). Although the identity of these collections remains to be confirmed, published photographs and descriptions are indeed compatible with H. roseodiscoideus and this species might be present there as well. Bon & Chevassut (1985) reported collections from acidic soils, but they appear to be less abundant than those from calcareous ground. Hungary. Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus is known from five localities, of which three are situated around the forests of the capital, Budapest. Two older collections were determined as Hygrophorus fagi (Babos 1989) and H. leporinus Fr. s. Moser (Albert 2007). All localities are thermophilous calcareous deciduous forests dominated by Quercus species. Two of the localities (Mt. Széchenyi-hegy and Mt. Jánoshegy) are dominated by Q. pubescens with additional tree and shrub species such as Q. cerris, Fraxinus ornus, Tilia cordata, Cornus mas, etc. These habitats are hot-spots for many rare and thermophilous/ Mediterranean macrofungi such as Cortinarius atrovirens subsp. ionochlorus (Maire) Vizzini & Gasparini, C. quercilicis (Chevassut & Rob. Henry) Melot, C. violaceipes Bidaud & Consiglio, C. flavoaurantians Boccardo, Clericuzio & Vizzini, C. diffractosuavis Chevassut & Rob. Henry, C. ochrolamellatus Ballarà et al., C. chevassutii Rob.Henry, C. prodigiosus B.Bušek et al., Hygrophorus russula, Tricholoma basirubens (Bon) A.Riva & Bon, Boletus aereus Bull. The three other localities are not so thermophilic, they are dominated by Q. cerris or Q. petraea with admixture of Carpinus betulus. Italy. Documented collections are from northern and central Italy (see section Additionnal material examined). In all cases, H. roseodiscoideus was collected on calcareous soil, mostly under Quercus ilex, but also under Q. pubescens or Q. cerris, sometimes in mixed tree communities with Pinus nigra. In addition, E. Campo observed the species in the regions of Veneto (commune Chioggia), Liguria (Portofino), Emilia Romagna (Bettola), Toscana (Castellina in Chianti, Lucca, Capalbio), Marche (Ancona), Lazio (Tolfa), Sardegna (Isili, Nurallao) and Abruzzo (Loreto Aprutino). In these regions the occurence was linked to Quercus (Q. ilex, Q. pubescens, Q. cerris) on calcareous soils. It is very curious that the species is not reported from southern Italy (G. Schirinzi, pers. comm.). Lebanon. The first Asian record of H. roseodiscoideus is from northern Lebanon, in Quercus calliprinos forest with Styrax officinalis and Juniperus oxycedrus understory. Other species found at this site the same day were Tricholoma argyraceum (Bull.) Gillet, Cortinarius caligatus Malençon, Cortinarius subbulliardioides Rob.Henry, Cortinarius violaceipes, Cortinarius puellaris Brandrud et al., Cortinarius luteocingulatus Bidaud & Fillion and Inocybe tenebrosa Quél. All of them are new records for Lebanon and notably, this ecosystem appears to be the richest in fungal diversity compared to Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière and Quercus cerris ecosystems in the region (Sleiman et al. 2021). NOTES In the protologue, Bon & Chevassut (1985) cited a number of collections from the Montpellier area and from Roussillon, in the current Occitanie Region, as well as from Quercus woodlands near Aix-en-Provence and further east along the Côte d’Azur in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region. In its original concept, H. roseodiscoideus is thus a species fruiting along the whole French Mediterranean coast and in nomenclatural terms, all this cited material can be considered as paratypic. Unfortunately, the holotype could not be successfully sequenced (neither by the “classical” Sanger method nor the Illumina Miseq method), and none of the paratypes cited by Bon & Chevassut (1985: 44) could be located in Bon’s collections at LIP. Georges Chevassut’s herbarium has been lost after his death and no collection from his herbarium could be located either. To fix usage of the name, we thus epitypify it here using a sequenced collection from Simiane-Collongue, a locality 15 km south from Aix-en-Provence. This collection perfectly fits the description of H. roseodiscoideus, both macro- and micro-anatomically (Fig. 2), and its ITS sequence can thus be used as a barcode for the species in future studies., Published as part of Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Dima, Bálint, Albert, László, Krisai-Greilhuber, Irmgard, Campo, Emanuele, Sleiman, Sandra, Dvořák, Daniel, Zehnálek, Petr & Holec, Jan, 2022, Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut: epitypification and updated biogeography of a poorly known but widespread thermophilous species, pp. 81-90 in Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (4) on pages 83-88, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a4, http://zenodo.org/record/7815305, {"references":["BON M. & CHEVASSUT G. 1985. - Trois Hygrophores nouveaux de la chenaie verte mediterraneenne et leur ecologie (Quercetum Gallo-provinciale). Documents mycologiques 15 (59): 41 - 50.","RICHARD F., ROY M., SHAHIN O., STHULTZ C., DUCHEMIN M., JOFFRE R. & SELOSSE M. - A. 2011. - Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Mediterranean forest ecosystem dominated by Quercus ilex: seasonal dynamics and response to drought in the surface organic horizon. Annals of Forest Science 68 (1): 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13595 - 010 - 0007 - 5","ZAJTA E., VARGA T., KOVACS G. M. & DIMA B. 2019. - New insights on the taxonomy and distribution of Hygrophorus penarioides and Hygrophorus penarius from Hungary. Phytotaxa 392 (2): 127 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 392.2.2","SLEIMAN S., BELLANGER J. - M., RICHARD F. & STEPHAN J. 2021. - First molecular-based contribution to the checklist of Lebanon macrofungi. Mycotaxon 136 (3): 687 - 687. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 136.687","SEBEK S. 1990. - Prispevek k mykologicke charakteristice teplomilnych doubrav u Mcel (okr. Nymburk) (A contribution towards mycological characteristics of thermophilous oak forests near Mcely (district Nymburk )), in KUTHAN J. & KOTLABA F. (eds), Vyzkum a ochrana hub v prirodnich rezervacich. Czechoslovak Scientific Society for Mycology, Praha: 40 - 46. http: // www. czechmycology. org / _ pub / pub 16. pdf","ZIBAROVA L. 2014. - Zaverecna zprava z orientacniho mykologickeho pruzkumu NPR Ctvrte v l. 2012 a 2014 (Final report from mycological research of National Nature Reserve Ctvrte in the years 2012 and 2014). Research report, depon, in AOPK CR, Praha.","ANTONIN V., DVORAK D. & VAGNER A. 2007. - Makromycety EVL Sivicky les. Research report, depon., in AOPK CR, Praha and Administration of Moravian Karst LPA.","BABOS M. 1989. - Magyarorszag kalaposgombainak (Agaricales s. l.) jegyzeke (The Agaricales s. l. taxa of Hungary 1). Mikologiai Kozlemenyek, Clusiana 28 (1 - 3): 3 - 234.","ALBERT L. 2007. - Szines oldalak, colour pages: Hygrophorus leporinus s. Moser. 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Coprinopsis alnivora (Bogart) Voto, Boll. AMER 107(2): 94 (2019) (Figs 2–5) Basionym: Coprinus alnivorus Van de Bogart, Mycotaxon 4 (1): 241 (1976). Pileus up to 55 mm high when unexpanded, 15–55 mm wide at maturity; subglobose, ellipsoid or ovoid when young, then paraboloid, campanulate or obtusely conical, finally expanded to plano-convex or applanate, sometimes slightly depressed at centre; margin sometimes radially splitting in places, mostly revolute in mature basidiomata; surface densely plicate-sulcate except in the smooth central zone, often slimy, whitish, cream or (pale) brownish at first, then starts to darken from the edge towards the centre, becoming light brown, grey-brown, often with pinkish to purplish hue, and finally brown-grey, grey or grey-black; (partially) deliquescent; when very young completely covered with a dense, usually abundant universal veil (thickest at the centre, up to 3 mm), with brownish to dark grey-brown (only rarely whitish) thin upper layer (remains scattered after veil development) and thicker white layer underneath, soon veil starting to break up into patches of different size and shape, sooner or later partially showing the pileal surface, rarely the veil poor, thin and soon disappearing. Lamellae free, very crowded and thin, L> 80, up to 14 mm broad, lamellulae present; at first white, soon becoming pinkish to purplish, brown or grey-brown with purplish tone, brown-grey, dark grey and finally black; edge whitish from prominent and very abundant cheilocystidia, deliquescent with age. Stipe 25–110 mm × 3–10 mm, (sub)cylindrical or widened towards the base (up to 20 mm), sometimes widened at the apex, dry, hollow, white to whitish, finely tomentose-squamulose (more pronounced towards the base) to silky fibrillose, sometimes with small dark olive-brown scales or fibrils in the lower part, often with adpressed ring-like veil remnants in the middle or in the lower half of the stipe or with ± projected membranaceous ring-like veil remnants near the base, without rhizomorphs. Flesh white, relatively compact when young, fragile at maturity. Smell weak, reminiscent of raw potatoes or slightly unpleasant like in Coprinopsis picacea. Taste mild. Spore print black. Basidiospores [540/9/6] (6.8–)7.5– 8.8 –10.0(–10.5) × (5.9–)6.2– 7.1 –8.1(–8.4) × (5.1–)5.5– 6.2 –6.9(–7.4) µm, averages of different basidiomata 8.0–9.5 × 6.4–7.5 × 5.8–6.6 µm, Q f = (1.04–)1.07– 1.24 –1.42(–1.50), Q s = (1.20–) 1.25– 1.42 –1.57(–1.67), Q f av. = 1.14–1.31, Q s av. = 1.32–1.49, slightly to strongly flattened, in frontal view mostly ellipsoid to ovoid, less frequently subglobose, subangular, submitriform or sublimoniform, sometimes to rather often ± irregular (asymmetrical), with obtuse to somewhat acute base and rounded to truncate apex (especially in KOH), in side view mostly ellipsoid, much less often ± amygdaliform or ovoid, smooth, thick-walled (up to 1.4 µm), (redbrown) dark red-brown to almost black in H 2 O and NH 4 OH, (yellow-brown) dark yellowish-brown to black in KOH, germ pore central, distinct. Basidia 17–33 × 7–11 μm, clavate, 4-spored, thin-walled, hyaline, surrounded by 4–7 hymenophysalides (pseudoparaphyses); sterigmata up to 5 μm long. Cheilocystidia 25–130 × 12–38 μm, ellipsoid, elongate-ellipsoid, ovoid, fusiform, conical, with obtuse to acute apex, thin-walled, hyaline to subhyaline, abundant. Pleurocystidia 41–173 × 15–55 μm, ellipsoid, oblong, fusiform, conical, with obtuse, acute, acuminate, mucronate or somewhat irregular apex (e.g. curved or with two apical protuberances), often with one or a few short excrescences near the base, thin-walled, hyaline to pale brownish, mostly abundant. Pileipellis a cutis, composed of repent, densely arranged, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline hyphae, 3–13 µm wide. Veil hyphae 2–15(–22) μm wide, occasionally to rather frequently branched, sparsely diverticulate, thin-walled (up to 0.5 µm) or rarely moderately thick-walled (up to 0.8 µm), sometimes finely encrusted, mostly hyaline, sometimes brownish; cells occasionally constricted at the septa or somewhat inflated. Clamp-connections present, conspicuous, abundant. Distribution and ecology:— Coprinopsis alnivora is known from 12 collections in four countries of North America and Europe: the USA, Washington State (1); Croatia (1); Slovakia (7); and Austria (3). It grows on the wood of living deciduous trees, mostly in decayed cavities or from wounds, or (less often) on dead trees, in forests and parks. Six host tree species are known so far: (a) Fagus sylvatica (on three living trees, on one dead tree— Slovakia), (b) Fraxinus excelsior (on one living tree— Slovakia), (c) Acer campestre (on one living tree— Slovakia), (d) Populus nigra (on two living trees— Croatia), (e) Alnus sp. (on a dead (?) tree— USA), (f) Magnolia salicifolia (on one living tree— Austria). It was also found in Austria on one living and one dead unidentified tree. In Slovakia, it has been observed that C. alnivora is able to fruit regularly from the same living tree over a long period of time (nine years and more). Specimens examined: — SLOVAKIA. Bratislava region: Pezinok, Malá Homoľa, 550 m a.s.l., 48.36293° N, 17.27086° E, on living Fagus sylvatica, 11 May 2013, leg. J. Kuriplach, Ľ. Pešková, BRA CR33777, GenBank Number: MT 887854; Limbach, Konské hlavy, 490 m a.s.l., 48.331944° N, 17.193250° E, in the cavity of living Fraxinus excelsior, 30 October 2018, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33775, GenBank Number: MT 887857; Limbach, Konské hlavy, 490 m a.s.l., 48.331944° N, 17.193250° E, in the cavity of living Fraxinus excelsior, 23 October 2019, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33776, GenBank Number: MT 887856; Kuchyňa, Vysoký Rajd, 400 m a.s.l., 48.401556° N, 17.209667° E, in the cavity of living Fagus sylvatica, 14 June 2020, leg. R. Bednár, BRA CR33778, GenBank Number: MT 887852; Kuchyňa, Tri stodôlky, 520 m a.s.l., 48.422033° N, 17.208150° E, on fallen decayed log of Fagus sylvatica, 27 June 2020, leg. J. Červenka, T. Sobocký, BRA CR33779, GenBank Number: MT 887853; Borinka, Úboč, 270 m a.s.l., 48.259001° N, 17.100003° E, on living Acer campestre, 7 October 2020, leg. A. Bystrická, BRA CR33781, GenBank Number: MZ 364343; Trnava region: Lošonec, Zabité, 370 m a.s.l., 48.480933° N, 17.358967° E, on living Fagus sylvatica, 2 November 2019, leg. D. Solár, BRA CR33780, GenBank Number: MT 887855. — AUSTRIA. Vienna: Vienna city, district Landstrasse, Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, 180 m a.s.l., 48.19350° N, 16.38392° E, in small decayed cavity of the living deciduous tree, 31 October 2018, leg. I. Krisai-Greilhuber, WU 41009, GenBank Number: MT 828909; Vienna: Vienna city, district Leopoldstadt, Prater Heustadlwasser, 170 m a.s.l., 48.20064° N, 16.26667° E, in knothole of fallen deciduous tree, 25 September 2019, leg. R. Brandstätter, WU 42007, GenBank Number: MT 828910; Vienna: Vienna city, district Landstrasse, Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna, 190 m a.s.l., 48.19000° N, 16.38306° E, in decayed cavity of living Magnolia salicifolia, 24 September 2020, leg. I. Krisai-Greilhuber, WU 43426, GenBank Number: MZ 407758. — CROATIA. Zagreb County: city of Zagreb, Mirogoj cemetery, 183 m a.s.l., 45.83272° N, 15.99375° E, public park, on two planted Populus nigra trees (cut down in the meantime), in decayed tree cavities, up to 1.4 m above the ground, 12 basidiomata in total, mostly a few together, in different stages of maturity, 4 October 2008, leg. M. Čerkez, CNF 1 / 5429, GenBank Number: MT 796099., Published as part of Bednár, Radovan, Červenka, Ján, Arendt, Darina, Szabóová, Dana, Greilhuber, Irmgard Krisai-, Pošta, Ana, Mešić, Armin & Tkalčec, Zdenko, 2022, Coprinopsis alnivora (Psathyrellaceae), a rare species from North America is discovered in Europe, pp. 136-152 in Phytotaxa 542 (2) on pages 142-147, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6415574

A rare species, Coprinopsis alnivora, was previously known from the type collection in Washington State, USA. Afterward, 11 additional samples were collected from five new host trees at nine localities in Europe (Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia). The species indicated a preference for growth in cavities or wounds of living deciduous trees. Its mycelium and basidiomata were successfully cultivated under laboratory conditions. A detailed morphological description of the basidiomata supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided. Delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Coprinopsis were inferred from ITS rDNA sequences and are presented by a phylogram. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that C. alnivora represents a genetically well-delimited species with six known haplotypes.

A molecular genetic study of the Arrhenia acerosa complex using the ITS fungal barcoding marker revealed unexpected diversity along a cascading group supporting over 20 lineages. Among these, we identified five previously described species: A. acerosa s.str., A. glauca, A. latispora, A. subglobisemen, and Rhodocybe tillii (recombined as A. tillii). We described four new species: A. fenicola from Canadian prairie grasslands, A. juncorum and A. leucotricha, both on live and dead herbaceous material in European wetlands, and A. svalbardensis from the high Arctic. All nine taxa treated here were fixed with sequenced types. In addition, we identified seven other lineages, some only represented by a single collection, requiring further study before description, and four groups of two species or more, also requiring further dissection before circumscription of their constituents. The diversity of the complex with respect to size, colour, habitat, range, distribution, and substrate preference is made more intriguing by the presence of several lineages of brown omphalinoid species, differing from the typically pleurotoid forms in this complex. We generated 97 of the 131 ITS sequences studied, adding 65 new sequences from the acerosa complex.

In this 7th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 14 species: Cantharomyces paschalis, Cryptandromyces pinguis, C. tricornis, Laboulbenia amblystomi (Laboulbeniales); Cortinarius squamosus, Entoloma brunneicoeruleum, E. callipygmaeum, E. minutigranulosum, E. perasprellum, E. pulchripes, E. tigrinum, E. timidum, E. violaceoserrulatum (Agaricales); and Suillus quercinus (Boletales). The following new country records are reported: Crepidotus malachioides from Italy, Leucoagaricus mucrocystis from French Guiana, Pluteus multiformis from Turkey (Agaricales); Herpomyces periplanetae from Benin, the D.R. Congo, and Togo (Herpomycetales); Melanustilospora ari from Pakistan (Urocystidales); Neopestalotiopsis clavispora causing fruit rot on Zizyphus mauritiana from India (Amphisphaeriales); and Phytopythium chamaehyphon and Pp. litorale from Brazil (Peronosporales). Finally, a new combination is proposed based on morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic analysis: Rhodocollybia asema (Agaricales).

In this 8th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 11 species: Cortinarius caryae, C. flavolilacinus, C. lilaceolamellatus, C. malodorus, C. olivaceolamellatus, C. quercophilus, C. violaceoflavescens, C. viridicarneus, Entoloma meridionale (Agaricales), Hortiboletus rupicapreus (Boletales), and Paraglomus peruvianum (Paraglomerales). The following new country records are reported: Bolbitius callistus (Agaricales) from Russia and Hymenoscyphus equiseti (Helotiales) from Sweden. Hymenoscyphus equiseti is proposed as a new combination for Lanzia equiseti, based on ITS and LSU sequence data in combination with morphological study.

Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. oioveliicola on Oiovelia machadoi (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, L. termiticola on Macrotermes subhyalinus (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, Pluteus cutefractus from Slovenia, Rhizoglomus variabile from Peru, Russula phloginea from China, Stagonosporopsis flacciduvarum on Vitis vinifera from Italy, Strobilomyces huangshanensis from China, Uromyces klotzschianus on Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: Alternaria calendulae on Calendula officinalis from India; A. tenuissima on apple and quince fruits from Iran; Candelariella oleaginescens from Turkey; Didymella americana and D. calidophila on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing tip blight of Dianella tasmanica ‘variegata’ from India; Marasmiellus subpruinosus from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; Mycena albidolilacea, M. tenuispinosa, and M. xantholeuca from Russia; Neonectria neomacrospora on Madhuca longifolia from India; Nothophoma quercina on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Plagiosphaera immersa on Urtica dioica from Austria; Rinodina sicula from Turkey; Sphaerosporium lignatile from Wisconsin, USA; and Verrucaria murina from Turkey. Multi-locus analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 sequences revealed that P. immersa, commonly classified within Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales) or as Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, belongs to Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales). Analysis of a six-locus Ascomycota-wide dataset including SSU and LSU sequences of S. lignatile revealed that this species, currently in Ascomycota incertae sedis, belongs to Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Pezizales).