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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has significantly impacted the world and has driven many researchers into the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In the findings, there is a close association between purinergic signaling and the immune response. Then, this study aimed to evaluate alterations in the purinergic signaling in COVID-19 patients according to range severity. We divided the COVID-19 patients into moderate and severe cases following the guideless of NIH and WHO, together with clinical characteristics. The blood samples were collected to obtain PBMCs and platelets. We analyzed the ectonucleotidase activities through ATP, ADP, AMP, Ado hydrolysis, E-NTPDase1 (CD39), and 5'-NT (CD73) expression by flow cytometry in total leukocytes. The extracellular ATP was measured by bioluminescence, and cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed a decrease in ATP hydrolysis and increased AMP hydrolysis in PBMCs for both groups. In severe cases, ATP hydrolysis was raised for the platelets, while ADP and AMP hydrolysis have risen significantly in both groups. Additionally, there was a significant increase in ADP hydrolysis in severe cases compared to moderate cases. In addition, we observed an increase in the ADA activity in platelets of moderate patients. Moderate and severe cases showed increased expression of CD39 and CD73 in total leukocytes. To finalize the purinergic signaling, extracellular ATP was increased in both groups. Furthermore, there was an increase in IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in moderate and severe groups. Thus, for the first time, our findings confirm the changes in purinergic signaling and immune response in COVID-19, in addition to making it more evident that the severity range directly impacts these changes. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of the purinergic system must be highlighted and studied as a possible target for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 disease. KEY MESSAGES: COVID-19 patients exhibit alterations in purinergic system and immune response. High levels of extracellular ATP lead to different inflammatory responses. CD39 and CD73 expression were increased in COVID-19 patients. Cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 also were altered in these patients. The purinergic system may be a possibility target to SARS-CoV-2 treatments.

EFEITO IN VITRO DO EXTRATO DE TUCUMA (ASTROCARYUM ACULEATUM) EM CELULAS MONONUCLEARES DE SANGUE PERIFERICO Felipe Ongaratto¹ Beatriz da Silva Rosa Bonadiman² Filomena Marafon³ Greicy Cristine Kosvoski4 Claudio do Carmo Chaves5 Claudia Maria Chaves6 Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz7 Margarete Dulce Bagatini8 Eixo: educacao em saude. Introducao: O tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum) fruto nativo da Amazonia Brasileira, vem sendo estudado por apresentar uma serie de compostos bioativos, como, vitamina A, omega 3, 6 e 9, carotenoides, catequinas e quercetina que trariam beneficios para saude humana. Estudos previos demonstraram a capacidade antitumoral, anti-hiperglicemica e antimicrobiana desse fruto. Porem, ainda sao poucos os estudos com esse extrato. Objetivos: Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar o efeito do extrato hidroalcoolico de tucuma nas celulas mononucleares de sangue humano. Metodologia: Celulas mononucleares de sangue humano foram coletadas de voluntarios saudaveis (Comite de Etica no 822.782) e separadas por gradiente de densidade. O cultivo foi realizado com meio RPMI com 10% de soro fetal bovino e 1% de antifungico e antibiotico. As celulas foram mantidas em estufa com controle de temperatura e umidade. Apos duas horas de adaptacao a placa, as celulas foram tratadas com diferentes concentracoes do extrato de tucuma (5, 10, 50, 100 e 500 mg/mL) por 24 horas e realizados os testes de viabilidade celular (MTT). Para as analises de estresse oxidativo (mielopexosidase, oxido nitrico, substâncias reativas ao acido tiobarbiturico (TBARS), tiois nao proteicos (NPSH) e tiois proteicos (PSH) foram utilizadas as concentracoes de (10, 50, 100ug/mL). Os dados foram expressos como porcentagem do grupo controle e analisados estatisticamente com analise unidirecional de variância, seguida do teste post hoc de Tukey, utilizando o software Graphpad Prism versao 5.0 (Graphpad Prism Software Company, 2014). Resultados com p≤0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados e Discussao: Os resultados desse estudo demonstraram que todas as concentracoes do extrato de tucuma foram capazes de melhorar a viabilidade celular, estimulando a proliferacao das celulas (p