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Purpose To report a case of regression of keratoconus by corneal topography after gastric sleeve surgery. Methods Case report. Results A patient with a history of bilateral progressive keratoconus was observed before and after bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. His left eye had a history of penetrating keratoplasty for advanced keratoconus, and his right eye had active progression of keratoconus in the years before sleeve gastrectomy. After the surgery, the right eye showed significant corneal flattening over a period of 2 years. This was especially pronounced at the apex of the cone (∼5 D). The patient's best spectacle-corrected visual acuity also improved along with management of his obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusions This is the first report of regression of keratoconus after bariatric surgery.

We report a case of necrotizing peripheral keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the low-energy Femto LDV femtosecond laser in a 31-year-old helicopter pilot with no history of medical or ocular disease. The severe peripheral flap inflammation resulted in stromal necrosis that was unresponsive to intensive topical steroid but improved rapidly on oral prednisone. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was maintained at 20/15 in both eyes, and the flaps were left undisturbed rather than attempting a more aggressive intervention such as a flap lift with culture and antibiotic irrigation. Identification of sterile corneal infiltration must be distinguished from infectious etiologies as the treatment is distinctly different. Although increased corneal infiltration has been reported with increasing femtosecond laser energy level for flap creation, to our knowledge this is the first report of necrotizing sterile corneal infiltration after LASIK with the low-energy femtosecond laser. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Purpose To investigate the distribution of the eye's higher-order aberrations in postoperative laser refractive surgery patients with visual complaints and highly irregular corneal shapes. Design Retrospective case–control study. Participants Thirty-three symptomatic postoperative LASIK and/or photorefractive keratectomy eyes with subjective visual complaints not corrected by spectacles more than 6 months after surgery are compared with 46 normal preoperative and 46 asymptomatic successful postoperative conventional LASIK eyes. Methods Postoperative wave aberrations were measured for each patient using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (Zywave, Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) over a 6-mm pupil. These measurements were averaged across patients with similar corneal topographic diagnoses (central islands, decentered ablations, a new group termed baby bowties, and irregularly irregular corneas). Main Outcome Measures Higher-order aberrations and corneal topography. Results The average (±1 standard deviation) higher-order root-mean-square (rms) wavefront error values (third, fourth, and fifth orders) for the symptomatic patients was 1.31±0.58 μm. This was an average of 3.46 times greater than the average magnitude of normal preoperative eyes (mean rms, 0.38±0.14 μm), and an average of 2.3 times greater than the average magnitude of asymptomatic successful postoperative conventional LASIK eyes (mean rms, 0.58±0.21μm) over a 6-mm pupil. Higher-order rms wavefront error increased with pupil size, roughly doubling for every millimeter of increasing pupil diameter. On average, eyes with central islands (n = 6) had the most vertical coma (Z 3 −1 ; mean, −1.35±0.43 μm). Eyes with central islands and decentered ablations (n = 2) also had elevated amounts of spherical aberration (Z 4 0 ; means of 0.83±0.11μm and 0.69±0.29 μm, respectively) compared with successful postoperative LASIK eyes (mean of 0.42±0.20 μm). Eyes with a topographic central baby bowtie demonstrated the most secondary astigmatism (Z 4 2 and Z 4 −2 ; mean rms, 0.56±0.17 μm; n=3), despite the lowest average higher-order rms (mean, 0.84±0.05 μm) among symptomatic topographic subgroups. Eyes with irregularly irregular corneas had a mean higher-order rms of 1.10±0.39 μm. Conclusions Symptomatic postoperative laser refractive surgery patients with irregular corneas have higher-order aberrations that are 2.3 to 3.5 times greater than asymptomatic postoperative LASIK and normal preoperative eyes, respectively. The higher-order aberrations seem to correlate with corneal topography.

The enantioselective epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by (salen)Mn(III) complexes can be effected under anhydrous conditions with a variety of primary oxidant systems. The combination of m -CPBA and NMO is particularly reactive, allowing for epoxidation reactions to be carried out at −78 °C. Under these low temperature conditions, a variety of unfunctionalized olefins undergo epoxidation with a significant increase in enantioselectivity relative to reaction using aqueous bleach.

Purpose: To compare and contrast the techniques and results of keratoprosthesis (KPro) using the Cardona device (1975-1985) with those related to the use of the Dohlman-Doane type 1 device (2003-2005). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 31 cases of Cardona KPro implanted between 1975 and 1981 and a review of 25 cases of Dohlman-Doane type 1 KPro implanted between 2003 and 2005. Procedures were limited to eyes with a poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Results: In the Cardona cases, 39% (12/31) of patients achieved a visual acuity of 20/40 or better at some point postoperatively, degrading to 16% (5/31) at the end of the observation period. Fifty percent (15/31) required subsequent surgical revision of the KPro. Sixteen percent of cases (5/31) developed endophthalmitis, and 58% (18/31) developed retroprosthetic membranes. There were 5 dislocations of the prosthesis and an additional 3 frank extrusions (26%). Of the 25 Dohlman-Doane cases, there have been no reoperations, endophthalmitis, dislocations, or extrusions to date (8/15/05). Forty-eight percent (12/25) achieved 20/200 acuity or better, and 12% (3/25) achieved 20/40 or better. Retroprosthetic membranes formed in 3 cases. Conclusion: Although KPro remains a technique to be used in poor prognosis keratoplasty, improvements in the design of the device and surgical technique over the past 30 years have reduced the overall morbidity and severity of complications and improved the prognosis for visual rehabilitation.

To describe the authors' experience using keratoprosthesis to treat pediatric corneal opacity.Nonrandomized, consecutive, retrospective interventional series.Twenty-two eyes of 17 children with opaque corneas as a result of primary congenital disease and or previous failed keratoplasty.A retrospective review of pediatric patients with a history of corneal opacification treated with keratoprosthesis surgery.Intraocular pressure, inflammation, clarity of the visual axis, visual acuity, refraction, complications, and retention of the prosthesis.Twenty-two eyes of 17 patients 1.5 to 136 months of age underwent 23 keratoprosthesis procedures. The follow-up period was 220 patient months (range, 1-37 months; mean, 9.7 months). In both cases implanted with the AlphaCor (Argus Biomedical Pty. Ltd., Perth, Australia), the keratoprosthesis was not retained. In one instance, the prosthesis sustained traumatic dislocation and was replaced with a cadaver cornea. In the second instance, the intralamellar implant began to extrude and was replaced with a Boston keratoprosthesis. In all 21 Boston cases, the prosthesis was retained without dislocation or extrusion. The visual axis remained clear in 100% of cases, although retroprosthetic membranes were removed in 5 eyes. Reoperation was necessitated for management of concurrent glaucoma (n = 3) or retinopathy (n = 2). There were no instances of surface infection or endophthalmitis. In 7 instances where patient age was 4 years or more, visual acuity ranged from counting fingers to 20/30. In the remaining cases, all infants were able to follow light, fingers, and objects. Intraocular pressure was controlled in all cases.Implantation of the Boston keratoprosthesis rapidly establishes and maintains a clear optical pathway and does not prejudice management of concurrent glaucoma or retinopathy. The device is retained without extrusion or rejection and is appropriate for the management of pediatric corneal opacity.

Purpose To determine the usefulness of the Dohlman-Doane type I keratoprosthesis for visual rehabilitation in cases of poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. Design A retrospective, noncomparative interventional series of 25 patients who had sustained multiple graft failure or who were otherwise deemed poor candidates for conventional keratoplasty. Methods Candidates were evaluated for potential acuity, intraocular pressure, inflammation, the quality of the ocular surface, and overall prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis was assembled and mounted on an 8.5- or 9.0-mm diameter donor corneal button and sutured into an 8.0- or 8.5-mm diameter recipient bed with 12 to 16 9–0 nylon sutures. Patients were examined on the first day and subsequently in 1 week and 1 month and then at 3-month intervals. Results All devices were retained without dislocation or extrusion. There were no instances of endophthalmitis or surface infection. Fundus details were visible on the first postoperative day. Patients achieved their best acuity in an average of 2 months (range, 1 to 180 days). Improvement in acuity was observed in an average of 13 days (range, 1 to 60 days). Retroprosthetic membranes occurred in three cases, with multiple recurrences in one instance. Visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/25. Conclusion We conclude that this prosthesis can be implanted routinely and maintained with minimal complications in poor prognosis keratoplasty, which presents the potential for visual rehabilitation.