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Background: Low level of physical activity is a risk factor for new cardiac events in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Physical activity can be assessed by self‐reporting or objectively by accelerometery. Aim: To investigate the agreement between self‐reported and objectively assessed physical activity among OHCA survivors Hypothesis: Self‐reported levels of physical activity will show moderate agreement with objectively assessed levels of physical activity. Method: Cross‐sectional study including OHCA survivors in Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Two questions about moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity during the last week were used as self‐reports. Moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity were objectively assessed with accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X‐BT) worn upon the right hip for 7 consecutive days. Results: Forty‐nine of 106 OHCA survivors answered the two questions for self‐reporting and had 7 valid days of accelerometer assessment. More physically active days were registered by self‐report compared with accelerometery for both moderate intensity (median 5 [3:7] vs. 3 [0:5] days; p < 0.001) and vigorous intensity (1 [0:3] vs. 0 [0:0] days; p < 0.001). Correlations between self‐reported and accelerometer assessed physical activity were sufficient (moderate intensity: rs = 0.336, p = 0.018; vigorous intensity: rs = 0.375, p = 0.008), and agreements were fair and none to slight (moderate intensity: k = 0.269, p = 0.001; vigorous intensity: k = 0.148, p = 0.015). The categorization of self‐reported versus objectively assessed physical activity showed that 26% versus 65% had a low level of physical activity. Conclusion: OHCA survivors reported more physically active days compared with the results of the accelerometer assessment and correlated sufficiently and agreed fairly and none to slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People living at home with advanced cancer wish to maintain and preserve domestic life, but they experience several barriers in their everyday occupations and thereby occupational performance. There is little knowledge of these barriers experienced by people living alone versus people living with someone. To investigate differences in self-perceived occupational performance and the prioritisation of getting self-reported problematic everyday occupations solved among people with advanced cancer, taking living status into consideration. A cross-sectional study using baseline data from an RCT including 174 participants with advanced cancer living at home. Difficulty and priorisation of everyday occupations were assessed using the Individually Prioritised Problem Assessment (IPPA). In total, 731 problematic everyday occupations were reported, mainly related to the categories of housework, self-care and leisure. Overall, no statistically significant difference in self-reported occupational performance was found. However, people living alone perceived statistically significantly more frequently showering/bathing and doing laundry as difficult and therefore important to address. In contrast, people living with someone prioritised social interaction and home maintenance statistically significantly more frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A frequent consequence of stroke is impaired mental function, which often affects the ability to perform activities and participate in life situation. In occupational therapy practice, performance-based instruments during activity and participation are often used. However, it is important to assess if the instruments used are valid, reliable and responsive. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate measurement properties of performance-based instruments to assess mental function during activity and participation in persons who have survived stroke. Systematic database searches of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and OTseeker will be conducted. COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist will be used to evaluate methodological quality of the included articles. Measurement properties of the included studies will be rated against criteria for good measurement properties. The overall evidence of each measurement property per instrument is graded using a modified GRADE approach. Results will be presented in text and tables. Conclusion will be drawn up-on the overall evidence to give recommendations on the most suitable instrument. It is expected that findings of the review will provide evidence to guide professionals in the selection of a performance-based instruments to measure mental function in practice and research. PROSPERO CRD42018086744 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational therapy-based interventions may help people with advanced cancer to live actively despite their illness. However, there is limited evidence concerning what kinds of content intervention should encompass, and how this should be done. To describe the development and content of an occupational therapy-based intervention programme for people with advanced cancer living at home. In the development of the intervention, an evidence synthesis was performed based on a systematic literature search, data from a cross-sectional study, and experiences from an expert panel. The programme contains six components: 1) An initial interview to select which of the other five components to address, based on the participants' individual needs. The interview addressed problems and needs of participants in relation to prioritized activities, in order to tailor the following components: 2) prioritisation of resources, energy and everyday activities; 3) adaptation of activities; 4) adaptation of posture and seating; 5) provision of assistive technology; and, 6) modification of the physical home environment. An occupational therapy-based intervention programme for people with advanced cancer living at home has been developed. The study generates knowledge and insights relevant to improving the treatment of this patient group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea are symptoms commonly experienced by people with advanced cancer, which may impact on their occupational performance. It is not known whether these symptoms impact their occupational performance over time. Objective: To examine correlation between pain, fatigue and dyspnoea and occupational performance and the impact of such symptoms on occupational performance over time in people with advanced cancer. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted including 242 participants assessed at baseline and after six and 12 weeks. Spearman's rank-order test and mixed linear models were performed. Results: The correlation between pain, fatigue and dyspnoea and occupational performance at baseline spanned from trivial to moderate (Spearman's rho: −0.004 to 0.34). Only pain had a statistically significant impact on activities of daily living (ADL) motor ability over time (p = 0.01). Participants with no pain problems had the largest decrease in ADL motor ability (−0.24 logits (95%-CI: −0.37 to −0.12)), but the observed decrease was not clinically relevant (≥−0.30). Conclusion: Pain, fatigue and dyspnoea did not seem to highly correlate with occupational performance or impact occupational performance over time of people with advanced cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : The purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of respiratory physiotherapy after lung resection on mortality, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), length of stay, lung volumes, and adverse events. Material and methods : Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials were searched in CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, PEDro, and hand searching of related studies. Various respiratory physiotherapy interventions were compared to standard care, sham treatment, or no treatment. Two reviewers assessed eligibility and quality of studies using Cochrane guidelines. Meta-analyses were undertaken on subgroups of intervention. Results : Various types of positive pressure breathing, deep breathing exercises, and strength and aerobic exercises as a supplement to standard care did not show any significant effect over standard care in preventing mortality or PPC, reducing length of stay, or improving lung volumes. Conclusion : Prophylactic continuous positive airway pressure does not seem to affect rate of mortality and PPC, when compared with standard care embodying respiratory physiotherapy such as airway clearance techniques and assistance with early ambulation. However, further research is still needed to make a final conclusion. The effect of standard respiratory physiotherapy as a package is still unknown, and may or may not be effective in preventing PPC among patients undergoing lung resection.

Background: Performance-based measures that focus primarily on the ability to engage in ADL are routinely used by occupational therapists to assess a client's cognitive abilities. Objective: To perform a systematic review to investigate measurement properties of performance-based instruments to assess mental function during activity and participation in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Material and methods: Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and OTseeker were searched. The Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health measurement instruments checklist was used to evaluate methodological quality of each included study. The quality criteria adapted by Terwee were applied to extract the results of each measurement property followed by a best evidence synthesis. Results: Twenty-eight articles, including 40 ratings of measurement properties, were included. The combination of the Functional Independence Measure and the Functional Assessment Measure showed moderate evidence of good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.99), but conflicting evidence of reliability (ICC 0.83) and poor evidence of construct validity. All other instruments showed limited or unknown evidence. Conclusions: This review provides an overview of measurement properties of performance-based instruments and contributes to such methodological considerations before choosing an instrument. Though, the results reveal a lack of high-quality evidence for any of the measurement properties, it is recommended to use tools with the highest possible evidence for positive ratings. Significance: This review contributes with psychometric evidence on instruments to use in occupational therapy practice and research.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding a lay-tutor to the educational sessions of a back school programme for patients with subacute low back pain., Methods: Patients with subacute low back pain were randomized to a 10-week programme comprising 10 h education and 20 h physical exercise led by a former patient as lay-tutor, or a programme led by a physiotherapist. In the intervention group, former patients served as lay-tutors in the educational sessions, teaching in conjunction with physiotherapists. In the control group, 2 physiotherapists led the entire educational programme. Disability, back pain, leg pain and health status were evaluated blindly at 3 and 24 months., Results: Eighty-seven patients with subacute low back pain referred for treatment at 6 selected physiotherapy clinics were allocated to either an intervention group (n = 42) or a control group (n = 45). No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Both groups of patients showed a statistically significant improvement in health and pain measurements from the start of the study to the 3- and 24-month follow-up., Conclusion: No short- or long-term effect was found of adding a lay-tutor to the educational sessions of a back school programme for patients with subacute low back pain with regards to functional activity, back pain, leg pain or general health. The main limitations are that the potential effect of including lay-tutors in the educational part of a back school programme as an intervention in itself has to be tested, and the programme has to be tested as a complete protocol. Also, no specific testing has been performed to confirm the ideal number of sessions in the programme.