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2. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea

Author

Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Kaiser, Jan, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Toberman, Matthew, Palmer, Matthew R., Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Kaiser, Jan, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Toberman, Matthew, and Palmer, Matthew R.

Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow “shadow zone” on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.5 to 6.4 mmol m−2 d−1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health.

Published
2024

4. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea.

Author

Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Kaiser, Jan, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Toberman, Matthew, and Palmer, Matthew R.

Subjects
ENERGY infrastructure, MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry), GLIDERS (Aeronautics), OXYGEN, AUTUMN, STRATIFIED flow
Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O 2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O 2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O 2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O 2 flux to the low-O 2 BML was found to be between 2.5 to 6.4 mmol m -2 d -1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O 2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Passive-Sampler-Derived PCB and OCP Concentrations in the Waters of the World─First Results from the AQUA-GAPS/MONET Network

Author

Lohmann, Rainer, primary, Vrana, Branislav, additional, Muir, Derek, additional, Smedes, Foppe, additional, Sobotka, Jaromír, additional, Zeng, Eddy Y., additional, Bao, Lian-Jun, additional, Allan, Ian J, additional, Astrahan, Peleg, additional, Barra, Ricardo O., additional, Bidleman, Terry, additional, Dykyi, Evgen, additional, Estoppey, Nicolas, additional, Fillmann, Gilberto, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Helm, Paul A., additional, Jantunen, Liisa, additional, Kaserzon, Sarit, additional, Macías, J. Vinicio, additional, Maruya, Keith A., additional, Molina, Francisco, additional, Newman, Brent, additional, Prats, Raimon M., additional, Tsapakis, Manolis, additional, Tysklind, Mats, additional, van Drooge, Barend L., additional, Veal, Cameron J, additional, and Wong, Charles S., additional

Published
2023
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7. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea

Author

Williams, Charlotte, Hull, Tom, Palmer, Matthew, Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Kaiser, Jan, and Toberman, Matthew

Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.3 to 6.4 mmol m-2 d-1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health.

Published
2023

10. A Probabilistic Approach to Mapping the Contribution of Individual Riverine Discharges into Liverpool Bay Using Distance Accumulation Cost Methods on Satellite Derived Ocean-Colour Data.

Author

Heal, Richard, Fronkova, Lenka, Silva, Tiago, Collingridge, Kate, Harrod, Richard, Greenwood, Naomi, and Devlin, Michelle J.

Subjects
WATER quality, WATERSHEDS, OCEAN color, TERRITORIAL waters, COASTS, SPRING, AUTUMN
Abstract

Assessments of the water quality in coastal zones often rely on indirect indicators from contributing river inputs and the neighbouring ocean. Using a novel combination of distance accumulation cost methods and an ocean-colour product derived from SENTINEL-3 data, we developed a probabilistic method for the assessment of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in Liverpool Bay (UK) for the period from 2017 to 2020. Using our approach, we showed the annual and monthly likelihood of DIN exposure from its 12 major contributory rivers. Furthermore, we generated monthly risk maps showing the probability of DIN exposure from all rivers, which revealed a seasonal variation of extent and location around the bay. The highest likelihood of high DIN exposure throughout the year was in the estuarine regions of the Dee, Mersey, and Ribble, along with near-shore areas along the north Wales coast and around the mouth of the rivers Mersey and Ribble. There were seasonal changes in the risk of DIN exposure, and this risk remained high all year for the Mersey and Dee estuary regions. In contrast, for the mouth and near the coastal areas of the Ribble, the DIN exposure decreased in spring, remained low during the summer and early autumn, before displaying an increase during winter. Our approach offers the ability to assess the water quality within coastal zones without the need of complex hydrodynamic models, whilst still having the potential to apportion nutrient exposure to specific riverine inputs. This information can help to prioritise how direct mitigation strategies can be applied to specific river catchments, focusing the limited resources for coastal zone and river basin management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea.

Author

Williams, Charlotte A. J., Hull, Tom, Palmer, Matthew R., Mahaffey, Claire, Greenwood, Naomi, Kaiser, Jan, and Toberman, Matthew

Subjects
ENERGY infrastructure, MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry), OXYGEN, AUTUMN, RENEWABLE energy sources, STRATIFIED flow
Abstract

There is an immediate need to better understand and monitor shelf sea dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations. Here we use high-resolution glider observations of turbulence and O2 concentrations to directly estimate the vertical O2 flux into the bottom mixed layer (BML) immediately before the autumn breakdown of stratification in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. We present a novel method to resolve the oxycline across sharp gradients due to slow optode response time and optode positioning in a flow "shadow zone" on Slocum gliders. The vertical O2 flux to the low-O2 BML was found to be between 2.3 to 6.4 mmol m-2 d-1. Episodic intense mixing events were responsible for the majority (up to 90 %) of this oxygen supply despite making up 40 % of the observations. Without these intense mixing events, BML O2 concentrations would approach ecologically concerning levels by the end of the stratified period. Understanding the driving forces behind episodic mixing and how these may change under future climate scenarios and renewable energy infrastructure is key for monitoring shelf sea health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. JERICO-RI network of coastal observatories, proof of concept for Pilot Supersites

Author

Seppälä, Jukka, Frangoulis, Constantin, Tamminen, Timo, Petihakis, George, Brix, Holger, Ove Möller, Klas, Puillat, Ingrid, Allen, John, Tintore, Joaquin, Coppola, Laurent, Bourrin, François, Lefebvre, Alain, Verney, Romaric, Blauw, Anouk, Laakso, Lauri, Johansson, Milla, Rehder , Gregor, Liblik, Taavi, Lips, Urmas, Mostajir, Behzad, Griffa, Annalisa, Berta, Maristella, Gómez, Begoña Pérez, Mourre, Baptiste, Del Rio, Joaquin, Voynova, Yoana, Frigstad, Helene, Artigas, Luis Felipe, Créach, Véronique, Greenwood, Naomi, Deneudt, Klaas, Wehde, Henning, Fischer, Philipp, Fettweis, Michael, Enserink, Lisette, Tsiaras​, Kostas, Thyssen, Melilotus, King, Andrew, Rubio, Anna, Grémare, Antoine, El Serafy, Ghada, Pfannkuchen, Martin, DELAUNEY, Laurent, and Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

19. Simultaneous assessment of oxygen- and nitrate-based net community production in a temperate shelf sea from a single ocean glider

Author

Hull, Tom, Greenwood, Naomi, Birchill, Antony, Beaton, Alexander, Palmer, Matthew, Kaiser, Jan, Hull, Tom, Greenwood, Naomi, Birchill, Antony, Beaton, Alexander, Palmer, Matthew, and Kaiser, Jan

Abstract

The continental shelf seas are important at a global scale for ecosystem services. These highly dynamic regions are under a wide range of stresses, and as such future management requires appropriate monitoring measures. A key metric to understanding and predicting future change are the rates of biological production. We present here the use of an autonomous underwater glider with an oxygen (O2) and a wet-chemical microfluidic total oxidised nitrogen (NOx−=NO3−+NO2−) sensor during a spring bloom as part of a 2019 pilot autonomous shelf sea monitoring study. We find exceptionally high rates of net community production using both O2 and NOx− water column inventory changes, corrected for air–sea gas exchange in case of O2. We compare these rates with 2007 and 2008 mooring observations finding similar rates of NOx− consumption. With these complementary methods we determine the O2:N amount ratio of the newly produced organic matter (7.8 ± 0.4) and the overall O2:N ratio for the total water column (5.7 ± 0.4). The former is close to the canonical Redfield O2:N ratio of 8.6 ± 1.0, whereas the latter may be explained by a combination of new organic matter production and preferential remineralisation of more reduced organic matter at a higher O2:N ratio below the euphotic zone.

Published
2021

25. Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment

Author

Daniel, Anne, Laes-huon, Agathe, Barus, Carole, Beaton, Alexander D., Blandfort, Daniel, Guigues, Nathalie, Knockaert, Marc, Munaron, Dominique, Salter, Ian, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Greenwood, Naomi, Achterberg, Eric P., Daniel, Anne, Laes-huon, Agathe, Barus, Carole, Beaton, Alexander D., Blandfort, Daniel, Guigues, Nathalie, Knockaert, Marc, Munaron, Dominique, Salter, Ian, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., Greenwood, Naomi, and Achterberg, Eric P.

Abstract

Improved comparability of nutrient concentrations in seawater is required to enhance the quality and utility of measurements reported to global databases. Significant progress has been made over recent decades in improving the analysis and data quality for traditional laboratory measurements of nutrients. Similar efforts are required to establish high-quality data outputs from in situ nutrient sensors, which are rapidly becoming integral components of ocean observing systems. This paper suggests using the good practices routine established for laboratory reference methods to propose a harmonized set of deployment protocols and of quality control procedures for nutrient measurements obtained from in situ sensors. These procedures are intended to establish a framework to standardize the technical and analytical controls carried out on the three main types of in situ nutrient sensors currently available (wet chemical analyzers, ultraviolet optical sensors, electrochemical sensors) for their deployments on all kinds of platform. The routine reference controls that can be applied to the sensors are listed for each step of sensor use: initial qualification under controlled conditions in the laboratory, preparation of the sensor before deployment, field deployment and finally the sensor recovery. The fundamental principles applied to the laboratory reference method are then reviewed in terms of the calibration protocol, instrumental interferences, environmental interferences, external controls, and method performance assessment. Data corrections (linearity, sensitivity, drifts, interferences and outliers) are finally identified along with the concepts and calculations for qualification for both real time and time delayed data. This paper emphasizes the necessity of future collaborations between research groups, reference-accredited laboratories, and technology developers, to maintain comparability of the concentrations reported for the various nutrient parameters measured

Published
2020
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26. Carbon on the northwest European shelf: Contemporary budget and future influences

Author

Legge, Oliver, Johnson, Martin, Hicks, Natalie, Jickells, Tim, Diesing, Markus, Aldridge, John, Andrews, Julian, Artioli, Yuri, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Burrows, Michael T., Carr, Nealy, Cripps, Gemma, Felgate, Stacey L., Fernand, Liam, Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan, Kröger, Silke, Lessin, Gennadi, Mahaffey, Claire, Mayor, Daniel J., Parker, Ruth, Queirós, Ana M., Shutler, Jamie D., Silva, Tiago, Stahl, Henrik, Tinker, Jonathan, Underwood, Graham J. C., Van Der Molen, Johan, Wakelin, Sarah, Weston, Keith, Williamson, Phillip, Legge, Oliver, Johnson, Martin, Hicks, Natalie, Jickells, Tim, Diesing, Markus, Aldridge, John, Andrews, Julian, Artioli, Yuri, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Burrows, Michael T., Carr, Nealy, Cripps, Gemma, Felgate, Stacey L., Fernand, Liam, Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan, Kröger, Silke, Lessin, Gennadi, Mahaffey, Claire, Mayor, Daniel J., Parker, Ruth, Queirós, Ana M., Shutler, Jamie D., Silva, Tiago, Stahl, Henrik, Tinker, Jonathan, Underwood, Graham J. C., Van Der Molen, Johan, Wakelin, Sarah, Weston, Keith, and Williamson, Phillip

Abstract

A carbon budget for the northwest European continental shelf seas (NWES) was synthesized using available estimates for coastal, pelagic and benthic carbon stocks and flows. Key uncertainties were identified and the effect of future impacts on the carbon budget were assessed. The water of the shelf seas contains between 210 and 230 Tmol of carbon and absorbs between 1.3 and 3.3 Tmol from the atmosphere annually. Off-shelf transport and burial in the sediments account for 60–100 and 0–40% of carbon outputs from the NWES, respectively. Both of these fluxes remain poorly constrained by observations and resolving their magnitudes and relative importance is a key research priority. Pelagic and benthic carbon stocks are dominated by inorganic carbon. Shelf sediments contain the largest stock of carbon, with between 520 and 1600 Tmol stored in the top 0.1 m of the sea bed. Coastal habitats such as salt marshes and mud flats contain large amounts of carbon per unit area but their total carbon stocks are small compared to pelagic and benthic stocks due to their smaller spatial extent. The large pelagic stock of carbon will continue to increase due to the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, with associated pH decrease. Pelagic carbon stocks and flows are also likely to be significantly affected by increasing acidity and temperature, and circulation changes but the net impact is uncertain. Benthic carbon stocks will be affected by increasing temperature and acidity, and decreasing oxygen concentrations, although the net impact of these interrelated changes on carbon stocks is uncertain and a major knowledge gap. The impact of bottom trawling on benthic carbon stocks is unique amongst the impacts we consider in that it is widespread and also directly manageable, although its net effect on the carbon budget is uncertain. Coastal habitats are vulnerable to sea level rise and are strongly impacted by management decisions. Local, national and regional actions have the potential

Published
2020

28. Carbon on the Northwest European Shelf: Contemporary Budget and Future Influences

Author

Legge, Oliver, primary, Johnson, Martin, additional, Hicks, Natalie, additional, Jickells, Tim, additional, Diesing, Markus, additional, Aldridge, John, additional, Andrews, Julian, additional, Artioli, Yuri, additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Burrows, Michael T., additional, Carr, Nealy, additional, Cripps, Gemma, additional, Felgate, Stacey L., additional, Fernand, Liam, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Hartman, Susan, additional, Kröger, Silke, additional, Lessin, Gennadi, additional, Mahaffey, Claire, additional, Mayor, Daniel J., additional, Parker, Ruth, additional, Queirós, Ana M., additional, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Silva, Tiago, additional, Stahl, Henrik, additional, Tinker, Jonathan, additional, Underwood, Graham J. C., additional, Van Der Molen, Johan, additional, Wakelin, Sarah, additional, Weston, Keith, additional, and Williamson, Phillip, additional

Published
2020
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29. Toward a Harmonization for Using in situ Nutrient Sensors in the Marine Environment

Author

Daniel, Anne, primary, Laës-Huon, Agathe, additional, Barus, Carole, additional, Beaton, Alexander D., additional, Blandfort, Daniel, additional, Guigues, Nathalie, additional, Knockaert, Marc, additional, Munaron, Dominique, additional, Salter, Ian, additional, Woodward, E. Malcolm S., additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, and Achterberg, Eric P., additional

Published
2020
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30. Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO2 on the north-west European shelf

Author

Kitidis, Vassilis, primary, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Ashton, Ian, additional, Warren, Mark, additional, Brown, Ian, additional, Findlay, Helen, additional, Hartman, Sue E., additional, Sanders, Richard, additional, Humphreys, Matthew, additional, Kivimäe, Caroline, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Hull, Tom, additional, Pearce, David, additional, McGrath, Triona, additional, Stewart, Brian M., additional, Walsham, Pamela, additional, McGovern, Evin, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Gac, Jean-Philippe, additional, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Omar, Abdirahman, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Lefevre, Nathalie, additional, Diverrès, Denis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Cattrijsse, André, additional, Petersen, Wilhelm, additional, Voynova, Yoana G., additional, Chapron, Bertrand, additional, Grouazel, Antoine, additional, Land, Peter E., additional, Sharples, Jonathan, additional, and Nightingale, Philip D., additional

Published
2019
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31. Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO2 on the northwest European shelf

Author

Kitidis, Vassilis, Shutler, Jamie D., Ashton, Ian, Warren, Mark, Brown, Ian, Findlay, Helen, Hartman, Sue E., Sanders, Richard, Humphreys, Matthew, Kivimae, Caroline, Greenwood, Naomi, Hull, Tom, Pearce, David, Mcgrath, Triona, Stewart, Brian M., Walsham, Pamela, Mcgovern, Evin, Bozec, Yann, Gac, Jean-philippe, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Hoppema, Mario, Schuster, Ute, Johannessen, Truls, Omar, Abdirahman, Lauvset, Siv K., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Olsen, Are, Steinhoff, Tobias, Koertzinger, Arne, Becker, Meike, Lefevre, Nathalie, Diverres, Denis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Cattrijsse, Andre, Petersen, Wilhelm, Voynova, Yoana G., Chapron, Bertrand, Grouazel, Antoine, Land, Peter E., Sharples, Jonathan, Nightingale, Philip D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Shutler, Jamie D., Ashton, Ian, Warren, Mark, Brown, Ian, Findlay, Helen, Hartman, Sue E., Sanders, Richard, Humphreys, Matthew, Kivimae, Caroline, Greenwood, Naomi, Hull, Tom, Pearce, David, Mcgrath, Triona, Stewart, Brian M., Walsham, Pamela, Mcgovern, Evin, Bozec, Yann, Gac, Jean-philippe, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Hoppema, Mario, Schuster, Ute, Johannessen, Truls, Omar, Abdirahman, Lauvset, Siv K., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Olsen, Are, Steinhoff, Tobias, Koertzinger, Arne, Becker, Meike, Lefevre, Nathalie, Diverres, Denis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Cattrijsse, Andre, Petersen, Wilhelm, Voynova, Yoana G., Chapron, Bertrand, Grouazel, Antoine, Land, Peter E., Sharples, Jonathan, and Nightingale, Philip D.

Abstract

Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 observations of CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)) from a single year (2015), to estimate the net influx of atmospheric CO2 as 26.2 +/- 4.7 Tg C yr(-1) over the open NW European shelf. CO2 influx from the atmosphere was dominated by influx during winter as a consequence of high winds, despite a smaller, thermally-driven, air-sea fCO(2) gradient compared to the larger, biologically-driven summer gradient. In order to understand this climate regulation service, we constructed a carbon-budget supplemented by data from the literature, where the NW European shelf is treated as a box with carbon entering and leaving the box. This budget showed that net C-burial was a small sink of 1.3 +/- 3.1 Tg C yr(-1), while CO2 efflux from estuaries to the atmosphere, removed the majority of river C-inputs. In contrast, the input from the Baltic Sea likely contributes to net export via the continental shelf pump and advection (34.4 +/- 6.0 Tg C yr(-1)).

Published
2019
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32. Winter weather controls net influx of atmospheric CO2 on the north-west European shelf

Author

Kitidis, Vassilis, Shutler, Jamie D., Ashton, Ian, Warren, Mark, Brown, Ian, Findlay, Helen, Hartman, Sue E., Sanders, Richard, Humphreys, Matthew, Kivimäe, Caroline, Greenwood, Naomi, Hull, Tom, Pearce, David, McGrath, Triona, Stewart, Brian M., Walsham, Pamela, McGovern, Evin, Bozec, Yann, Gac, Jean-Philippe, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Hoppema, Mario, Schuster, Ute, Johannessen, Truls, Omar, Abdirahman, Lauvset, Siv K., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Olsen, Are, Steinhoff, Tobias, Körtzinger, Arne, Becker, Meike, Lefevre, Nathalie, Diverrès, Denis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Cattrijsse, André, Petersen, Wilhelm, Voynova, Yoana G., Chapron, Bertrand, Grouazel, Antoine, Land, Peter E., Sharples, Jonathan, Nightingale, Philip D., Kitidis, Vassilis, Shutler, Jamie D., Ashton, Ian, Warren, Mark, Brown, Ian, Findlay, Helen, Hartman, Sue E., Sanders, Richard, Humphreys, Matthew, Kivimäe, Caroline, Greenwood, Naomi, Hull, Tom, Pearce, David, McGrath, Triona, Stewart, Brian M., Walsham, Pamela, McGovern, Evin, Bozec, Yann, Gac, Jean-Philippe, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Hoppema, Mario, Schuster, Ute, Johannessen, Truls, Omar, Abdirahman, Lauvset, Siv K., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Olsen, Are, Steinhoff, Tobias, Körtzinger, Arne, Becker, Meike, Lefevre, Nathalie, Diverrès, Denis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Cattrijsse, André, Petersen, Wilhelm, Voynova, Yoana G., Chapron, Bertrand, Grouazel, Antoine, Land, Peter E., Sharples, Jonathan, and Nightingale, Philip D.

Abstract

Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and exporting carbon (C) to the open ocean and sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 observations of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) from a single year (2015), to estimate the net influx of atmospheric CO2 as 26.2 ± 4.7 Tg C yr−1 over the open NW European shelf. CO2 influx from the atmosphere was dominated by influx during winter as a consequence of high winds, despite a smaller, thermally-driven, air-sea fCO2 gradient compared to the larger, biologically-driven summer gradient. In order to understand this climate regulation service, we constructed a carbon-budget supplemented by data from the literature, where the NW European shelf is treated as a box with carbon entering and leaving the box. This budget showed that net C-burial was a small sink of 1.3 ± 3.1 Tg C yr−1, while CO2 efflux from estuaries to the atmosphere, removed the majority of river C-inputs. In contrast, the input from the Baltic Sea likely contributes to net export via the continental shelf pump and advection (34.4 ± 6.0 Tg C yr−1).

Published
2019

35. Promoting Scientist–Advocate Collaborations in Cancer Research: Why and How

Author

Salamone, Jeannine M., primary, Lucas, Wanda, additional, Brundage, Shelley B., additional, Holloway, Jamie N., additional, Stahl, Sherri M., additional, Carbine, Nora E., additional, London, Margery, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Goyes, Rosa, additional, Chisholm, Deborah Charles, additional, Price, Erin, additional, Carlin, Roberta, additional, Winarsky, Susan, additional, Baker, Kirsten B., additional, Maues, Julia, additional, and Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N., additional

Published
2018
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36. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl M., Cosca, Catherine E., Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik H., Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph F., Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley B., Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joseph E., Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric, school of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Seattle] (PMEL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington [Seattle], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), University of Exeter, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), Departamento de Oceanografia, Servicio de Hidrografía Naval, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Departmento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Estudos e Ensaios em Risco e Modelagem Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware [Newark], The Third Institute of Oceanography SOA, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg (GU), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Ocean Systems and Climate Group, CSIR, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire (UNH), IRD Lago Sul, Brazil, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of the Aegean, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Department of Ocean Sciences, University of Miami [Coral Gables], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Research Institute for Fisheries Science,Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory (OPAL), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Weathertop consulting LLC, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project, WCRP Joint planning staff, World Meteorological Organization (WCRP), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), AirSea Laboratory, School of Physics and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Leeds, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], Met Eireann, CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems CRC, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques (CRMSB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Department of Chemistry, Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire de Biophysique et Dynamique des Systèmes Intégrés (BDSI), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship (CSIRO), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], University of California, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Berkeley] (CEE), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, University of Wisconsin Whitewater, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Computer Science [Royal Holloway], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, School of Physics [NUI Galway], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here: doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_V3_GRID.

Published
2016

37. Carbon dioxide and ocean acidification observations in UK waters. Synthesis report with a focus on 2010–2015

Author

Ostle, Clare, Williamson, Phillip, Artioli, Yuri, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Birchenough, Silvana, Davis, Clare E., Dye, Stephen, Edwards, Martin, Findlay, Helen S., Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan, Humphreys, Matthew P., Jickells, Tim, Johnson, Martin, Landschuetzer, Peter, Parker, Ruth, Pearce, David, Pinnegar, John, Robinson, Carol, Schuster, Ute, Silburn, Briony, Thomas, Rob, Wakelin, Sarah, Walsham, Pamela, and Watson, Andrew J.

Abstract

Key messages: 1.1 The process of ocean acidification is now relatively well-documented at the global scale as a long-term trend in the open ocean. However, short-term and spatial variability can be high. 1.2 New datasets made available since Charting Progress 2 make it possible to greatly improve the characterisation of CO2 and ocean acidification in UK waters. 3.1 Recent UK cruise data contribute to large gaps in national and global datasets. 3.2 The new UK measurements confirm that pH is highly variable, therefore it is important to measure consistently to determine any long term trends. 3.3 Over the past 30 years, North Sea pH has decreased at 0.0035±0.0014 pH units per year. 3.4 Upper ocean pH values are highest in spring, lowest in autumn. These changes reflect the seasonal cycles in photosynthesis, respiration (decomposition) and water mixing. 3.5 Carbonate saturation states are minimal in the winter, and lower in 7 more northerly, colder waters. This temperature-dependence could have implications for future warming of the seas. 3.6 Over the annual cycle, North-west European seas are net sinks of CO2. However, during late summer to autumn months, some coastal waters may be significant sources. 3.7 In seasonally-stratified waters, sea-floor organisms naturally experience lower pH and saturation states; they may therefore be more vulnerable to threshold changes. 3.8 Large pH changes (0.5 - 1.0 units) can occur in the top 1 cm of sediment; however, such effects are not well-documented. 3.9 A coupled forecast model estimates the decrease in pH trend within the North Sea to be -0.0036±0.00034 pH units per year, under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). 3.10 Seasonal estimates from the forecast model demonstrate areas of the North Sea that are particularly vulnerable to aragonite undersaturation.

Published
2016

38. A decline in primary production in the North Sea over 25 years, associated with reductions in zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment

Author

Capuzzo, Elisa, primary, Lynam, Christopher P., additional, Barry, Jon, additional, Stephens, David, additional, Forster, Rodney M., additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail, additional, Silva, Tiago, additional, van Leeuwen, Sonja M., additional, and Engelhard, Georg H., additional

Published
2017
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40. A Review of the Tools Used for Marine Monitoring in the UK: Combining Historic and Contemporary Methods with Modeling and Socioeconomics to Fulfill Legislative Needs and Scientific Ambitions

Author

Bean, Tim P., primary, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Beckett, Rachel, additional, Biermann, Lauren, additional, Bignell, John P., additional, Brant, Jan L., additional, Copp, Gordon H., additional, Devlin, Michelle J., additional, Dye, Stephen, additional, Feist, Stephen W., additional, Fernand, Liam, additional, Foden, Dean, additional, Hyder, Kieran, additional, Jenkins, Chris M., additional, van der Kooij, Jeroen, additional, Kröger, Silke, additional, Kupschus, Sven, additional, Leech, Clare, additional, Leonard, Kinson S., additional, Lynam, Christopher P., additional, Lyons, Brett P., additional, Maes, Thomas, additional, Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel, additional, Malcolm, Stephen J., additional, McIlwaine, Paul, additional, Merchant, Nathan D., additional, Paltriguera, Lucille, additional, Pearce, David J., additional, Pitois, Sophie G., additional, Stebbing, Paul D., additional, Townhill, Bryony, additional, Ware, Suzanne, additional, Williams, Oliver, additional, and Righton, David, additional

Published
2017
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41. A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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42. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

Author

Bakker, Dorothee C. E., primary, Pfeil, Benjamin, additional, Landa, Camilla S., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, O'Brien, Kevin M., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Smith, Karl, additional, Cosca, Cathy, additional, Harasawa, Sumiko, additional, Jones, Stephen D., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, additional, Nojiri, Yukihiro, additional, Schuster, Ute, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takahashi, Taro, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Balestrini, Carlos F., additional, Barbero, Leticia, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bianchi, Alejandro A., additional, Bonou, Frédéric, additional, Boutin, Jacqueline, additional, Bozec, Yann, additional, Burger, Eugene F., additional, Cai, Wei-Jun, additional, Castle, Robert D., additional, Chen, Liqi, additional, Chierici, Melissa, additional, Currie, Kim, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Featherstone, Charles, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fransson, Agneta, additional, Goyet, Catherine, additional, Greenwood, Naomi, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hankin, Steven, additional, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., additional, Harlay, Jérôme, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Hoppema, Mario, additional, Humphreys, Matthew P., additional, Hunt, Christopher W., additional, Huss, Betty, additional, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., additional, Johannessen, Truls, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Kozyr, Alex, additional, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, additional, Kuwata, Akira, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lo Monaco, Claire, additional, Manke, Ansley, additional, Mathis, Jeremy T., additional, Merlivat, Liliane, additional, Millero, Frank J., additional, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Murata, Akihiko, additional, Newberger, Timothy, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Paterson, Kristina, additional, Pearce, David, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Robbins, Lisa L., additional, Saito, Shu, additional, Salisbury, Joe, additional, Schlitzer, Reiner, additional, Schneider, Bernd, additional, Schweitzer, Roland, additional, Sieger, Rainer, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Sullivan, Kevin F., additional, Sutherland, Stewart C., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tadokoro, Kazuaki, additional, Telszewski, Maciej, additional, Tuma, Matthias, additional, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., additional, Vandemark, Doug, additional, Ward, Brian, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, and Xu, Suqing, additional

Published
2016
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46. Harmonization in the Joint European Research Infrastructure Network for Coastal Observatories -JERICO

Author

Petihakis, George, Petersen, Wilhelm, Nair, Rajesh, Faimali, Marco, Pavanello, Giovanni, Boukerma, Kada, Delauney, Laurent, Puillat, Ingrid, Farcy, Patrick, Greenwood, Naomi, Petihakis, George, Petersen, Wilhelm, Nair, Rajesh, Faimali, Marco, Pavanello, Giovanni, Boukerma, Kada, Delauney, Laurent, Puillat, Ingrid, Farcy, Patrick, and Greenwood, Naomi

Abstract

The JERICO European research infrastructure (RI) is integrating diverse platform types such as fixed buoys, piles, moorings, drifters, FerryBoxes, gliders, HF radars, coastal cable observatories and the associated technologies dedicated to observe and monitor coastal European seas. The first steps of setting up, coordination and harmonization were done during 2011 to 2015 in the framework of FP7-JERICO (www.jerico-fp7.eu), a 4-year long infrastructure project co-funded by the European Commission with 27 partners from 17 European countries under the coordination of IFREMER. Next steps are driven in the H2020-JERICO-NEXT European project until 2019, involving 33 partners. The main objective of the JERICO consortium is to establish a Pan European approach for a European coastal marine observatory network. This is a dynamic activity going beyond a project’s lifetime including continuous efforts towards harmonization in terms of design, operation, and maintenance, the evolution and extension of the current systems as well as the delivery of data and products to the users. Our scope here is to present the work done towards the harmonization of operation and maintenance methods, in FP7-JERICO and the next steps in JERICO-NEXT. As a starting point of harmonization assessment, the priority was given to the most pressing issues like calibration and biofouling, while it is the first time that a Best Practice report on all phases of the system from first installation to operation and maintenance is attempted adopting a platform based approach.

Published
2015
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47. A decline in primary production in the North Sea over 25 years, associated with reductions in zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment.

Author

Capuzzo, Elisa, Lynam, Christopher P., Barry, Jon, Stephens, David, Forster, Rodney M., Greenwood, Naomi, McQuatters‐Gollop, Abigail, Silva, Tiago, van Leeuwen, Sonja M., and Engelhard, Georg H.

Subjects
PHYTOPLANKTON, FOOD chains, ECOSYSTEMS, BIOMASS, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Phytoplankton primary production is at the base of the marine food web; changes in primary production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplankton organisms to marine mammals and seabirds. Here, we present a new time-series on gross primary production in the North Sea, from 1988 to 2013, estimated using in situ measurements of chlorophyll and underwater light. This shows that recent decades have seen a significant decline in primary production in the North Sea. Moreover, primary production differs in magnitude between six hydrodynamic regions within the North Sea. Sea surface warming and reduced riverine nutrient inputs are found to be likely contributors to the declining levels of primary production. In turn, significant correlations are found between observed changes in primary production and the dynamics of higher trophic levels including (small) copepods and a standardized index of fish recruitment, averaged over seven stocks of high commercial significance in the North Sea. Given positive (bottom-up) associations between primary production, zooplankton abundance and fish stock recruitment, this study provides strong evidence that if the decline in primary production continues, knock-on effects upon the productivity of fisheries are to be expected unless these fisheries are managed effectively and cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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49. Chemical aspects of ocean acidification monitoring in the ICES marine area

Author

Hydes, David J., McGovern, Evin, Walsham, Pamela, Borges, Alberto V., Borges, Carlos, Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan E., Kivimae, Caroline, Nagel, Klaus, Olafsdottir, Solveig, Pearce, David, Sahlsten, Elisabeth, Rodriguez, Carlos, Webster, Lynda, Hydes, David J., McGovern, Evin, Walsham, Pamela, Borges, Alberto V., Borges, Carlos, Greenwood, Naomi, Hartman, Susan E., Kivimae, Caroline, Nagel, Klaus, Olafsdottir, Solveig, Pearce, David, Sahlsten, Elisabeth, Rodriguez, Carlos, and Webster, Lynda

Published
2013

50. Fit to work? Prevention is better than cure.

Author

Pike, James and Greenwood, Naomi

Subjects
Employee recruitment -- Laws, regulations and rules, Medical records -- Laws, regulations and rules, Depression, Mental -- Laws, regulations and rules, Employment discrimination -- Laws, regulations and rules, Cheltenham Borough Council v. Laird (2009 E.W.H.C. 1253 (Q.B.)), Government regulation
Published
2009

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