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The adsorption and retention of phosphates in soil systems is of wide environmental importance, and understanding the surface chemistry of halloysite (a common soil clay mineral) is also of prime importance in many emerging technological applications of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The adsorption of phosphate anions on tubular halloysite (7 angstrom) has been studied to gain a greater understanding of the mechanism and kinetics of adsorption on the surface of HNTs. Two well-characterized tubular halloysites with differing morphologies have been studied: one polygonal prismatic and one cylindrical, where the cylindrical form has a greater surface area and shorter tube length. Greater phosphate adsorption of up to 42 mu mol g(-1) is observed on the cylindrical halloysite when compared to the polygonal prismatic sample, where adsorption reached a maximum of just 15 mu mol g(-1) compared to a value for platy kaolinite (KGa-2) of 8 mu mol g(-1). Phosphate adsorption shows strong pH dependence, and the differences in phosphate sorption between the prismatic and cylindrical morphologies suggest that phosphate absorption does not occur at the same pH-dependent alumina edge sites and that the lumen may have a greater influence on uptake for the cylindrical form.

Single phase CaFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) minerals containing Cl− species in the interlayer was synthesized by coprecipitation with a CaII: FeIII ratio of 2: 1. In both phosphate (PO4) free water and at low aqueous PO4 concentration, the LDH was fully transformed into a mixture of a “ferrihydrite-like” material, calcite and soluble calcium species. Mössbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that phosphate was removed by the “ferrihydrite like” phase that contained a significant quantity of Ca. At high phosphate concentration the Ca species released from the LDH precipitated to form hydroxyapatite leading to a maximal removal capacity of ~ 130 mg P-PO4 g−1. The CaFe LDH was deposited onto a pozzolana volcanic rock in order to perform a column experiment under hydrodynamic conditions for 70 days. A high removal capacity was observed, a qB of ~ 4 mg P-PO4 g−1 was measured at the breakthrough of the column, however the pH in the outflow was measured to be higher than 11. Such an increase was due to the very high solubility of the CaFe LDH.

World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions -- NOV 09-11, 2017 -- Chicago, IL, WOS: 000435799100012, PubMed ID: 29926951, A new periodontitis classification scheme has been adopted, in which forms of the disease previously recognized as "chronic" or "aggressive" are now grouped under a single category ("periodontitis") and are further characterized based on a multi-dimensional staging and grading system. Staging is largely dependent upon the severity of disease at presentation as well as on the complexity of disease management, while grading provides supplemental information about biological features of the disease including a history-based analysis of the rate of periodontitis progression; assessment of the risk for further progression; analysis of possible poor outcomes of treatment; and assessment of the risk that the disease or its treatment may negatively affect the general health of the patient. Necrotizing periodontal diseases, whose characteristic clinical phenotype includes typical features (papilla necrosis, bleeding, and pain) and are associated with host immune response impairments, remain a distinct periodontitis category. Endodontic-periodontal lesions, defined by a pathological communication between the pulpal and periodontal tissues at a given tooth, occur in either an acute or a chronic form, and are classified according to signs and symptoms that have direct impact on their prognosis and treatment. Periodontal abscesses are defined as acute lesions characterized by localized accumulation of pus within the gingival wall of the periodontal pocket/sulcus, rapid tissue destruction and are associated with risk for systemic dissemination., Amer Acad Periodontol Fdn, Colgate, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Geistlich Biomaterials, SUNSTAR, Procter & Gamble Profess Oral Hlth, European Federat Periodontol, Amer Acad Periodontol, American Academy of Periodontology Foundation; Colgate; Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.; Geistlich Biomaterials; SUNSTAR; Procter & Gamble Professional Oral Health, The work shop was planned and conducted jointly by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology with financial support from the American Academy of Periodontology Foundation, Colgate, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc., Geistlich Biomaterials, SUNSTAR, and Procter & Gamble Professional Oral Health.