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283 results on '"Greenstone M"'

1. Defensive investments and the demand for air quality: Evidence from the NOx budget program

Author

Deschênes, O, Greenstone, M, and Shapiro, JS

Subjects
D1, H4, I1, Q4, Q5, pharmaceuticals, ozone, cap and trade, willingness to pay for air quality, mortality, compensatory behavior, human health, Economics, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
Abstract

The demand for air quality depends on health impacts and defensive investments, but little research assesses the empirical importance of defenses. A rich quasi-experiment suggests that the Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Budget Program (NBP), a cap-and-trade market, decreased NOx emissions, ambient ozone concentrations, pharmaceutical expenditures, and mortality rates. The annual reductions in pharmaceutical purchases, a key defensive investment, and mortality are valued at about $800 million and $1.3 billion, respectively, suggesting that defenses are over one-third of willingness-to-pay for reductions in NOx emissions. Further, estimates indicate that the NBP's benefits easily exceed its costs and that NOx reductions have substantial benefits.

Published
2017

2. Opportunities for advances in climate change economics

Author

Burke, M, Craxton, M, Kolstad, CD, Onda, C, Allcott, H, Baker, E, Barrage, L, Carson, R, Gillingham, K, Graff-Zivin, J, Greenstone, M, Hallegatte, S, Hanemann, WM, Heal, G, Hsiang, S, Jones, B, Kelly, DL, Kopp, R, Kotchen, M, Mendelsohn, R, Meng, K, Metcalf, G, Moreno-Cruz, J, Pindyck, R, Rose, S, Rudik, I, Stock, J, and Tol, RSJ

Subjects
Climate Action, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Target carbon's costs, policy designs, and developing countries

Published
2016

3. CLIMATE ECONOMICS. Opportunities for advances in climate change economics.

Author

Burke, M, Craxton, M, Kolstad, CD, Onda, C, Allcott, H, Baker, E, Barrage, L, Carson, R, Gillingham, K, Graff-Zivin, J, Greenstone, M, Hallegatte, S, Hanemann, WM, Heal, G, Hsiang, S, Jones, B, Kelly, DL, Kopp, R, Kotchen, M, Mendelsohn, R, Meng, K, Metcalf, G, Moreno-Cruz, J, Pindyck, R, Rose, S, Rudik, I, Stock, J, and Tol, RSJ

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Published
2016

4. Adapting to climate change: The remarkable decline in the US temperature-mortality relationship over the Twentieth Century

Author

Barreca, A, Clay, K, Deschenes, O, Greenstone, M, and Shapiro, JS

Subjects
I18, J10, Q54, health, temperature, air conditioning, climate change adaptation, Economics, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
Abstract

This paper examines the temperature-mortality relationship over the course of the twentieth-century United States both for its own interest and to identify potentially useful adaptations for coming decades. There are three primary findings. First, the mortality impact of days with mean temperature exceeding 807F declined by 75 percent. Almost the entire decline occurred after 1960. Second, the diffusion of residential air conditioning explains essentially the entire decline in hot day–related fatalities. Third, using Dubin and McFadden’s discrete continuous model, the present value of US consumer surplus from the introduction of residential air conditioning is estimated to be $85– $185 billion (2012 dollars).

Published
2016

5. Convergence in adaptation to climate change: Evidence from high temperatures and mortality, 1900-2004

Author

Barreca, A, Clay, K, Deschênes, O, Greenstone, M, and Shapiro, JS

Subjects
Economics, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services
Abstract

This paper combines panel data on monthly mortality rates of US states and daily temperature variables for over a century (1900-2004) to explore the regional evolution of the temperature-mortality relationship and documents two key findings. First, the impact of extreme heat on mortality is notably smaller in states that more frequently experience extreme heat. Second, the difference in the heat-mortality relationship between hot and cold states declined over 1900-2004, though it persisted through 2004. Continuing differences in the mortality consequences of hot days suggests that health motivated adaptation to climate change may be slow and costly around the world.

Published
2015

9. Pneumococcal Vaccine Campaign Based in General Practice

Author

Maskrey, Neal, Parkinson, Martin, Siriwardena, A. N., Walters, Antony, Weightman, Nigel C., McDonald, Paula, Friedman, Ellis, Banks, Alan, Anderson, Ros, Carman, Val, Doherty, M. J., Greenstone, M. A., and Meigh, R.

Published
1997

12. Identifying causation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a British perspective

Author

Barber, CM, Burge, PS, Feary, JR, Parfrey, H, Renzoni, EA, Spencer, LG, Walters, GI, Wiggans, RE, Adamali, H, Babu, S, Barrat, S, Basran, A, Beirne, P, Bianchi, S, Chalmers, G, Chaudhuri, N, Davies, S, Dempsey, O, Eccles, S, Fiddler, C, Foley, N, Forrest, I, Fletcher, S, George, P, Ghani, S, Gibbons, M, Greenstone, M, Hart, S, Hirani, N, Hoyle, J, Hoyles, R, Hutchinson, J, Jenkins, G, Judge, E, Kamath, A, Kokosi, M, Lee, C, Maher, T, Marshall, B, McAndrew, N, Molyneux, P, Morrison, D, O'Hickey, S, Porter, J, Renshaw, S, Sharp, C, Simler, N, Spears, M, Spiers, A, Spinks, K, Spiteri, M, Stenton, C, Sturney, S, Warburton, C, Wiscombe, S, and Woodhead, F

Subjects
Respiratory System, PULMONARY, Bronchoalveolar Lavage, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Medicine, EPIDEMIOLOGY, FIBROSIS, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupational lung disease, Causation, Pulmonologists, Occupational Lung Disease, Interstitial lung disease, Questionnaire, Interstitial Fibrosis, England, GUIDELINE, SURVIVAL, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, ANTIGEN, GB HP Survey Participants, DIAGNOSIS, Interstitial Lung Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, INTERSTITIAL LUNG-DISEASES, Humans, Wales, Science & Technology, IDENTIFICATION, business.industry, Guideline, Allergens, medicine.disease, Pulmonary Alveoli, Scotland, 030228 respiratory system, Family medicine, business, Allergic Alveolitis
Abstract

BackgroundEstablishing whether patients are exposed to a ‘known cause’ is a key element in both the diagnostic assessment and the subsequent management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP).ObjectiveThis study surveyed British interstitial lung disease (ILD) specialists to document current practice and opinion in relation to establishing causation in HP.MethodsBritish ILD consultants (pulmonologists) were invited by email to take part in a structured questionnaire survey, to provide estimates of demographic data relating to their service and to rate their level of agreement with a series of statements. A priori ‘consensus agreement’ was defined as at least 70% of participants replying that they ‘Strongly agree’ or ‘Tend to agree’.Results54 consultants took part in the survey from 27 ILD multidisciplinary teams. Participants estimated that 20% of the patients in their ILD service have HP, and of these, a cause is identifiable in 32% of cases. For patients with confirmed HP, an estimated 40% have had a bronchoalveolar lavage for differential cell counts, and 10% a surgical biopsy. Consensus agreement was reached for 25 of 33 statements relating to causation and either the assessment of unexplained ILD or management of confirmed HP.ConclusionsThis survey has demonstrated that although there is a degree of variation in the diagnostic approach for patients with suspected HP in Britain, there is consensus opinion for some key areas of practice. There are several factors in clinical practice that currently act as potential barriers to identifying the cause for British HP patients.

Published
2019
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25. Junior Hospital Staff Contract

Author

Brooks, A. P., Martin, J. F., Kirk, D., Tomich, J., Keogh, A. J., Farrand, D. J. E., Taylor, I., Mulley, G. P., Gopel, J., Edwards, I. R., Harrison, Jean F., Ward, A. S., Ward, J. W., Steadman, Susan L., Cumberland, D. C., Lilleyman, J. S., Rushbrook, L., Koffman, C. G., Bullock, D. W., Mitchell, V. E., Goodfellow, Angela, O'Callaghan, J., Keane, F. B. V., Harrison, M. R., Papaioannou, T., Moore, A. T., Clarke, A. G., McClay, I., Harvey, J., Dunnett, K. E., Johnson, J. R., Jackson, G. E., Greenstone, M. A., Sekhawat, B. S., Wright, A., Bird, H. A., Kumar, M. S. Anil, Speculand, B., Sibley, G., Seath, K. R., Pollard, J. P., Jones, J. B., Hankey, S., Shanmugham, M. J., Sharpe, D. T., Gannaway, R. M., French, A. J., MacFarlane, D. G., Henderson, N. J., Fasher, Bruce, Avery, Alan F., Bailey, S. S. H., Hinton, W., Brown, G. J., Bryant, B. M., Chilton, C. P., Watts, M. R., West, J. A., Shihata, M. R., Thompson, J. A., Pelmore, M. H., Clark, R. M., House, W., Chisholm-Batten, R. E., Mousawi, Adil, Duffield, R., Rimmer, R., Davis, I., Vaughton, K. C., Rastogi, S. C., Prah, E. F., Mathoda, R., Armah-Kwantreng, R., Samarasinghe, W., Bateman, D. J., Wagner, Nicholas, Suhasini, S., Padamsee, K., Lipkin, B., Mullen, G., Viswanathan, M., Lowe, M. R., and Yennu, J. S.

Published
1975

28. Opportunities for advances in climate change economics

Author

Burke, M., Craxton, M., Kolstad, C.D., Onda, C., Allcott, H., Baker, E., Barrage, L., Carson, R., Gillingham, K., Graff-Zivin, J., Greenstone, M., Hallegatte, S., Hanemann, W.M., Heal, G., Hsiang, S., Jones, B., Kelly, D.L., Kopp, R., Kotchen, M., Mendelsohn, R., Meng, K., Metcalf, G., Moreno-Cruz, J., Pindyck, R., Rose, S., Rudik, I., Stock, J., Tol, R.S.J., Literature, Environmental Economics, Spatial Economics, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, and Tinbergen Institute

Published
2016

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