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1. Kinetic Inductance and nonlinearity of MgB2 Films at 4K

Author

Greenfield, J., Bell, C., Faramarzi, F., Kim, C., Thakur, R. Basu, Wandui, A., Frez, C., Mauskopf, P., and Cunnane, D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We report on the fabrication and characterization of superconducting magnesium diboride (MgB$_2$) thin films intended for quantum-limited devices based non-linear kinetic inductance (NLKI) such as parametric amplifiers with either elevated operating temperatures or expanded frequency ranges. In order to characterize the MgB$_2$ material properties, we have fabricated coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines and microwave resonators using $\approx$ 40 nm thick MgB$_2$ films with a measured kinetic inductance of $\sim$ 5.5 pH/$\square$ and internal quality factors, $Q_i \approx 3 \times 10^4$ at 4.2 K. We measure the NLKI in MgB$_2$ by applying a DC bias to a 6 cm long by 4 $\mu$m wide CPW transmission line, and measuring the resulting phase delay caused by the current dependent NLKI. We also measure the current dependent NLKI through CPW resonators that shift down in frequency with increased power applied through the CPW feedline. Using these measurements, we calculate the characteristic non-linear current parameter, $I_*$, for multiple CPW geometries. We find values for corresponding current density, $J_* = 12-22$~MA/cm$^2$ and a ratio of the critical current to the non-linear current parameter, $I_C/I_* = 0.14-0.26$, similar to or higher than values for other superconductors such as NbTiN and TiN.

Published
2024

2. Enhancing Health Professions Students' Attitudes and Self-Efficacy to Care for Unhoused Populations

Author

Jacob T. Greenfield, Brad Phillips, Kathryn L. Hoffman, and Gina M. Baugh

Abstract

Health professions students, including occupational therapy students, often have limited exposure to unhoused populations, which may alter their attitudes and self-efficacy to participate in their care. In turn, this could reduce access and quality of care for these marginalized groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a phased multimodal learning approach on interprofessional health sciences students' attitudes and self-efficacy in providing care to unhoused individuals. A pre-posttest single group design was used to evaluate a didactic presentation, poverty simulation, and street-based experiential learning experience. Findings revealed significant differences in students' (N=257) attitudes and self-efficacy in providing care, and many students reported this as an "eye-opening experience." This learning approach evoked a strong emotional response, improved attitudes and self-efficacy, and has implications for future advocacy efforts related to caring for unhoused populations.

Published
2024

3. From Glucose Patterns to Health Outcomes: A Generalizable Foundation Model for Continuous Glucose Monitor Data Analysis

Author

Lutsker, Guy, Sapir, Gal, Godneva, Anastasia, Shilo, Smadar, Greenfield, Jerry R, Samocha-Bonet, Dorit, Mannor, Shie, Meirom, Eli, Chechik, Gal, Rossman, Hagai, and Segal, Eran

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Recent advances in self-supervised learning enabled novel medical AI models, known as foundation models (FMs) that offer great potential for characterizing health from diverse biomedical data. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides rich, temporal data on glycemic patterns, but its full potential for predicting broader health outcomes remains underutilized. Here, we present GluFormer, a generative foundation model on biomedical temporal data based on a transformer architecture, and trained on over 10 million CGM measurements from 10,812 non-diabetic individuals. We tokenized the CGM training data and trained GluFormer using next token prediction in a generative, autoregressive manner. We demonstrate that GluFormer generalizes effectively to 15 different external datasets, including 4936 individuals across 5 different geographical regions, 6 different CGM devices, and several metabolic disorders, including normoglycemic, prediabetic, and diabetic populations, as well as those with gestational diabetes and obesity. GluFormer produces embeddings which outperform traditional CGM analysis tools, and achieves high Pearson correlations in predicting clinical parameters such as HbA1c, liver-related parameters, blood lipids, and sleep-related indices. Notably, GluFormer can also predict onset of future health outcomes even 4 years in advance. We also show that CGM embeddings from pre-intervention periods in Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) outperform other methods in predicting primary and secondary outcomes. When integrating dietary data into GluFormer, we show that the enhanced model can accurately generate CGM data based only on dietary intake data, simulate outcomes of dietary interventions, and predict individual responses to specific foods. Overall, we show that GluFormer accurately predicts health outcomes which generalize across different populations metabolic conditions.

Published
2024

4. Automate or Assist? The Role of Computational Models in Identifying Gendered Discourse in US Capital Trial Transcripts

Author

Wen-Yi, Andrea W, Adamson, Kathryn, Greenfield, Nathalie, Goldberg, Rachel, Babcock, Sandra, Mimno, David, and Koenecke, Allison

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

The language used by US courtroom actors in criminal trials has long been studied for biases. However, systematic studies for bias in high-stakes court trials have been difficult, due to the nuanced nature of bias and the legal expertise required. Large language models offer the possibility to automate annotation. But validating the computational approach requires both an understanding of how automated methods fit in existing annotation workflows and what they really offer. We present a case study of adding a computational model to a complex and high-stakes problem: identifying gender-biased language in US capital trials for women defendants. Our team of experienced death-penalty lawyers and NLP technologists pursue a three-phase study: first annotating manually, then training and evaluating computational models, and finally comparing expert annotations to model predictions. Unlike many typical NLP tasks, annotating for gender bias in months-long capital trials is complicated, with many individual judgment calls. Contrary to standard arguments for automation that are based on efficiency and scalability, legal experts find the computational models most useful in providing opportunities to reflect on their own bias in annotation and to build consensus on annotation rules. This experience suggests that seeking to replace experts with computational models for complex annotation is both unrealistic and undesirable. Rather, computational models offer valuable opportunities to assist the legal experts in annotation-based studies.

Published
2024

5. A Hybrid Deep Learning Classification of Perimetric Glaucoma Using Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer Reflectance and Other OCT Parameters from Three Anatomy Regions

Author

Tan, Ou, Greenfield, David S., Francis, Brian A., Varma, Rohit, Schuman, Joel S., Huang, David, and Choi, Dongseok

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Precis: A hybrid deep-learning model combines NFL reflectance and other OCT parameters to improve glaucoma diagnosis. Objective: To investigate if a deep learning model could be used to combine nerve fiber layer (NFL) reflectance and other OCT parameters for glaucoma diagnosis. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective observational study where of 106 normal subjects and 164 perimetric glaucoma (PG) patients. Peripapillary NFL reflectance map, NFL thickness map, optic head analysis of disc, and macular ganglion cell complex thickness were obtained using spectral domain OCT. A hybrid deep learning model combined a fully connected network (FCN) and a convolution neural network (CNN) to develop and combine those OCT maps and parameters to distinguish normal and PG eyes. Two deep learning models were compared based on whether the NFL reflectance map was used as part of the input or not. Results: The hybrid deep learning model with reflectance achieved 0.909 sensitivity at 99% specificity and 0.926 at 95%. The overall accuracy was 0.948 with 0.893 sensitivity and 1.000 specificity, and the AROC was 0.979, which is significantly better than the logistic regression models (p < 0.001). The second best model is the hybrid deep learning model w/o reflectance, which also had significantly higher AROC than logistic regression models (p < 0.001). Logistic regression with reflectance model had slightly higher AROC or sensitivity than the other logistic regression model without reflectance (p = 0.024). Conclusions: Hybrid deep learning model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy, without or without NFL reflectance. Hybrid deep learning model, combining reflectance/NFL thickness/GCC thickness/ONH parameter, may be a practical model for glaucoma screen purposes., Comment: 12 pages

Published
2024

6. Using Causative Methods to Determine System-Level Factors Driving the Uptake and Use of Evidence-Based Practices in a Public Early Intervention System

Author

Katherine E. Pickard, Nicole M. Hendrix, Elizabeth S. Greenfield, and Millena Yohannes

Abstract

Part C Early Intervention (EI) systems are an entry point to services for autistic toddlers and can be leveraged to facilitate access to autism evidence-based practices (EBPs). However, EI systems are complex and limited research has examined how an EI system's infrastructure (i.e. system-level factors) impacts the adoption and implementation of EBPs. To address this gap, 36 EI providers and 9 EI administrators completed a semi-structured interview or focus group about factors impacting the implementation of autism EBPs. Qualitative analysis included a combination of grounded theory and causative coding. Analyses were refined by input from providers, administrators, and family stakeholders in the form of round tables and presentations at the state's interagency coordinating council. Primary themes centered on: (1) the costs associated with independent contracting structures; (2) operational demands; (3) workforce stability; (4) communication consistency; and (5) implementation supports for EBP implementation. Causative coding helped to demonstrate the perceived relationships between these factors and underscored the important role of incentivization structures, collaboration opportunities, and championing in supporting the use of EBPs within a system that primarily uses independent contracting structures. The current study extends previous research by demonstrating how several system-level factors are perceived to play a role in the adoption and implementation of EBPs by independently contracted EI providers. These findings underscore the need for implementation strategies, such as incentivization strategies and social network building, to increase providers' implementation of autism EBPs within EI systems.

Published
2024
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7. Focal Loss Analysis of Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Layer Reflectance for Glaucoma Diagnosis

Author

Tan, Ou, Choi, Dongseok, Chen, Aiyin, Greenfield, David S., Francis, Brian A., Varma, Rohit, Schuman, Joel S., Huang, David, and Group, Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate nerve fiber layer (NFL) reflectance for glaucoma diagnosis using a large dataset. Methods: Participants were imaged with 4.9mm ONH scans using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The NFL reflectance map was reconstructed from 13 concentric rings of optic nerve head(ONH) scan, then processed by an azimuthal filter to reduce directional reflectance bias due to variation of beam incidence angle. The peripapillary thickness and reflectance maps were both divided into 96 superpixels. Low-reflectance and low-thickness superpixels were defined as values below the 5th percentile normative reference for that location. Focal reflectance loss was measured by summing loss, relative to the normal reference average, in low-reflectance superpixels. Focal thickness loss was calculated in a similar fashion. The area under receiving characteristic curve (AROC) was used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Results: Fifty-three normal, 196 pre-perimetric, 132 early perimetric, and 59 moderate and advanced perimetric glaucoma participants were included from the Advanced Imaging for Glaucoma Study. Sixty-seven percent of glaucomatous reflectance maps showed characteristic contiguous wedge or diffuse defects. Focal NFL reflectance loss had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than the best NFL thickness parameters (both map-based and profile-based): AROC 0.80 v. 0.75 (p<0.004) for distinguishing glaucoma eyes from healthy control eyes. The diagnostic sensitivity was also significantly higher at both 99% and 95% specificity operating points. Conclusions: Focal NFL reflectance loss improved glaucoma diagnostic accuracy compared to the standard NFL thickness parameters., Comment: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.13522

Published
2024

13. A Mixed-Methods Examination of Culturally Responsive Adaptation to an Evidence-Based Parent-Mediated Intervention Implemented for Autistic Children

Author

Asha Rudrabhatla, Nicole Hendrix, Scott Gillespie, Kathryn Ulven, Andrew Jergel, Elizabeth Greenfield, Karen Guerra, and Katherine Pickard

Abstract

Parent-mediated interventions (PMIs) are considered an evidence-based practice for fostering social communication skills in young autistic children and for promoting parent responsivity and empowerment, yet barriers to caregiver engagement are evident when PMIs are implemented within historically underserved community settings. Issues of caregiver engagement can reflect a lack of fit between PMIs and the needs of diverse families. We used a mixed methods approach to examine barriers to participating in an evidence-based PMI, Project ImPACT (Ingersoll & Dvortcsak, 2019), within an outpatient setting, as well as strategies that clinicians reported using to deliver and adapt Project ImPACT for minoritized families. Participants included 134 caregivers of a child 13 to 48 months with autism or other social communication differences and six clinicians delivering Project ImPACT. Findings suggest that caregivers experience barriers to participating in Project ImPACT and that these barriers are associated with caregivers' ability to complete the program. Although quantitative findings indicate that adaptation to Project ImPACT did not differ by caregiver and child background, qualitative findings highlighted that clinicians attempt to deliver Project ImPACT to respond to the needs of families from minoritized backgrounds by actively considering the family's culture, psychosocial experiences, goals, and specific barriers. Further, both qualitative and quantitative findings suggest that culturally responsive care and adaptations may support caregiver engagement, including rapport, trust, buy-in, and attendance. Approaches to center cultural alongside contextual/psychosocial considerations within family-centered care in the implementation of PMIs are also highlighted.

Published
2024
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14. THE NEED FOR TREE EQUITY IS HEATING UP: How the life-saving power of trees can help combat extreme heat in our cities

Author

Greenfield, Nicole

Subjects
Hypermarkets -- Protection and preservation -- Energy use, Superstores -- Protection and preservation -- Energy use, Natural resources -- Protection and preservation, Environmental issues
Abstract

RODNEY SMITH NEVER MINDED THE SUMMER HEAT as a kid in Phoenix. He remembers riding bikes with his cousins to citrus orchards in the southern part of the city where [...]

Published
2024

17. Emotional dysregulation and stimulant medication in adult ADHD

Author

Greenfield, Myrto Sklivanioti, Wang, Yanlu, Hamilton, J. Paul, Thunberg, Per, and Msghina, Mussie

Subjects
Stimulants -- Dosage and administration, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Complications and side effects, Emotion regulation -- Health aspects, Self-control -- Health aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Background: Emotional dysregulation affects up to two-thirds of adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is increasingly seen as a core ADHD symptom that is clinically associated with greater functional impairment and psychiatric comorbidity. We sought to investigate emotional dysregulation in ADHD and explored its neural underpinnings. Methods: We studied emotion induction and regulation in a clinical cohort of adult patients with ADHD before and after a stimulant challenge. We compared patients with age- and gender-matched healthy controls using behavioural, structural, and functional measures. We hypothesized that patients would demonstrate aberrant emotion processing compared with healthy controls, and sought to find whether this could be normalized by stimulant medication. Results: Behaviourally, the ADHD group showed reduced emotion induction and regulation capacity. Brain imaging revealed abberant activation and deactivation patterns during emotion regulation, lower grey-matter volume in limbic and paralimbic areas, and greater grey-matter volume in visual and cerebellar areas, compared with healthy controls. The behavioural and functional deficits seen in emotion induction and regulation in the ADHD group were not normalized by stimulant medication. Conclusion: Patients with ADHD may have impaired emotion induction and emotion regulation capacity, but these deficits are not reversed by stimulant medication. These results have important clinical implications when assessing which aspects of emotional dysregulation are relevant for patients and if and how traditional ADHD pharmacotherapy affects emotion induction and emotion regulation., Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder that persists later in life and affects around 2.5% of adults. (1,2) The core symptoms of ADHD include inattention and impulsivity or [...]

Published
2024
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18. The Importance of Being 'Pulled up Short': Can a Transdisciplinary Approach Help Deliver?

Author

Greenfield, Steve

Abstract

Whilst the starting point is the impact of the pandemic the overall aim of the paper is to advance the case for the introduction of a transdisciplinary approach to learning. The justification for adopting this radical method is to deliver specific graduate outcomes in line with the 10 job skills for 2025 identified by the World Economic Forum. More specifically to promote creative and critical thinking amongst undergraduates. If the integration of skills is viewed as a key component of higher education the question is how they can be best delivered. A key point is to develop student self awareness of the limitations to their learning to introduce critical reflection. The possibility of students being 'pulled up short' and experiencing self-realisation is examined and how this may contribute to the advancement of their studies and the delivery of specific skills. Finally, the paper considers the idea of transdisciplinary teaching and learning and differentiates transdisciplinary ideas from other forms of crossing disciplinary boundaries. It explores the stated advantages, in terms of skills development, for adopting this type of approach noting the challenges it involves for both educators and students. It concludes that although there exist realistic challenges to transdisciplinary learning it is a strategy that promises significant outcomes. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

Published
2023

23. Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease - a case and treatment review

Author

Moutinho-Pereira, Sara, Beires, Francisca, Santos, Joana dos, Relvas, Maria, Ramos, Leonor Castendo, Ramos, Sara Castendo, Medeiros, Teresa, Greenfield, Helena, Ramos, Sara Augusta, and Andrade, Pedro

Subjects
dermatology, Mucha-Habermann, pityriasis lichenoides, PLEVA, ulceronecrotic
Abstract

Febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease is a rare and severe variant of pityriasis lichenoides, characterized by sudden onset of generalized ulceronecrotic papules that rapidly coalesce into ulcers associated with high fever. Systemic manifestations such as intravascular disseminated coagulation and pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system involvement are common. Treatment is based on oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate, and general supportive treatment. The present case describes a stepwise approach to a patient with Mucha-Habermann disease with insufficient response to methotrexate.

Published
2024

25. Interpretation of statistical findings in randomised trials: a survey of statisticians using thematic analysis of open-ended questions

Author

Karla Hemming, Laura Kudrna, Sam Watson, Monica Taljaard, Sheila Greenfield, Beatriz Goulao, and Richard Lilford

Subjects
Confidence intervals, P-values, Misinterpretation, RCTs, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary Background Dichotomisation of statistical significance, rather than interpretation of effect sizes supported by confidence intervals, is a long-standing problem. Methods We distributed an online survey to clinical trial statisticians across the UK, Australia and Canada asking about their experiences, perspectives and practices with respect to interpretation of statistical findings from randomised trials. We report a descriptive analysis of the closed-ended questions and a thematic analysis of the open-ended questions. Results We obtained 101 responses across a broad range of career stages (24% professors; 51% senior lecturers; 22% junior statisticians) and areas of work (28% early phase trials; 44% drug trials; 38% health service trials). The majority (93%) believed that statistical findings should be interpreted by considering (minimal) clinical importance of treatment effects, but many (61%) said quantifying clinically important effect sizes was difficult, and fewer (54%) followed this approach in practice. Thematic analysis identified several barriers to forming a consensus on the statistical interpretation of the study findings, including: the dynamics within teams, lack of knowledge or difficulties in communicating that knowledge, as well as external pressures. External pressures included the pressure to publish definitive findings and statistical review which can sometimes be unhelpful but can at times be a saving grace. However, the concept of the minimally important difference was identified as a particularly poorly defined, even nebulous, construct which lies at the heart of much disagreement and confusion in the field. Conclusion The majority of participating statisticians believed that it is important to interpret statistical findings based on the clinically important effect size, but report this is difficult to operationalise. Reaching a consensus on the interpretation of a study is a social process involving disparate members of the research team along with editors and reviewers, as well as patients who likely have a role in the elicitation of minimally important differences.

Published
2024
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26. Employer support for health and social care registered professionals, their patients and service users involved in regulatory fitness to practise regulatory proceedings

Author

Louise M Wallace and Mari Greenfield

Subjects
Regulation, Registrant, Fitness to practise, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Health and social care employees may be involved in professional regulatory proceedings because their alleged behaviour raises health or conduct concerns. Employees, patients or service users may also be involved in a regulatory tribunal as witnesses. This study is about the role of employers in supporting them in this process. Methods Taking an organisational support perspective, we interviewed 25 senior employees in health and social care organisations in the UK who are responsible for managing the employer’s role in the proceedings. Template analysis was used to analyse the transcripts. Results Support for patients was limited to that offered during an employer’s complaints process, and only one employer gave some support during the regulatory process if the patient or service user initiated regulatory proceedings. Support for employees in tribunals was little different to that offered during an initial investigation by the employer. However, where additional support for being involved in a regulatory tribunal was offered to employees, it most often came from the senior employees’ own experience of the stressfulness of being a witness in these proceedings. Employers were not aware of training resources that would better support their employees to engage with professional regulatory proceedings. Conclusions Employers offer limited support to employees who are involved in professional regulatory proceedings, and the support offered may depend more on senior employee’s individual experience of involvement in regulatory proceedings to exercise this discretion. Patients, service users and other public witnesses receive almost no support from health and social care employers during professional regulatory proceedings.

Published
2024
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27. Hyperglycemia secondary to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibition

Author

Arunan Sriravindrarajah, Joshua Hurwitz, Elgene Lim, and Jerry R Greenfield

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) is a critical intracellular pathway that regulates cell growth, metabolism, and survival and has been implicated in most human cancers. Targeting this pathway has been approved as a therapeutic option for breast cancer and lymphoma (e.g. alpelisib, idelalisib), and there are several clinical trials underway in additional types of cancer. However, PI3K is an important mediator of the action of insulin, and the use of PI3K inhibitors has been associated with hyperglycemia. We report the case of a 53-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer who developed acute grade 3 hyperglycemia from a novel PI3K inhibitor, inavolisib. We review the treatment options for PI3K inhibitor-associated hyperglycemia. Treatment strategies that minimize hyperinsulinemia may be preferable considering animal models have demonstrated that hyperinsulinemia may result in partial reactivation of the PI3K pathway and counter the anti-cancer effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors.

Published
2024
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28. Experiences as a clinical teaching fellow: interviews with clinical teaching fellows in the West Midlands

Author

Isobel Marion Harris, Nicola Dennis, Derek J Ward, Alice J Sitch, Jayne Parry, and Sheila Greenfield

Subjects
Teaching fellows, Undergraduate medical education, Workforce, Teaching, Interviews, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background The majority of junior doctors in the UK do not proceed directly into specialty training after completing mandatory foundation training but instead take a year out of training. A common post undertaken during a year out of training is a clinical teaching fellow (CTF) role which is used to provide undergraduate medical student teaching. There is only a small amount of literature available regarding CTF posts, and very little of this explores experiences or reasons for taking up such as post. An understanding of the reasons why doctors are choosing to work as CTFs and what their experiences are in post will contribute to how the role is further developed and utilised within the NHS. This study aimed to explore the experiences of CTFs employed in the West Midlands at NHS hospital Trusts. Methods CTFs working in Trusts in the West Midlands region registered as students on the Education for Healthcare Professionals Post Graduate Certificate course at the University of Birmingham in August 2019 and 2020 who were enrolled in a longitudinal study were invited to take part in an individual interview asking about their experiences as CTFs. Results Nine CTFs participated in an interview. Five main themes were identified which related to their experiences in post and plans for future careers. Participants reported choosing to undertake a CTF role due to wanting a break from clinical work and having previously enjoyed delivering teaching. Positive experiences in post included lifestyle related benefits and self-development opportunities. Challenges identified with the role included the impact of COVID-19 and volume of students. Conclusion This is the first study to use interview methodology to explore experiences of CTFs, and has provided a valuable insight into the experiences of those in post in the West Midlands region. Understanding why doctors chose this job and what their experiences are could help to further develop and refine the role. To guarantee demands for teaching staff are met those employing CTFs should be aware of reasons why doctors apply for the post and ensure the post remains a desirable option.

Published
2024
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29. Social Change, Cultural Evolution, Weaving Apprenticeship, and Development: Informal Education across Three Generations and 42 Years in a Maya Community

Author

Ashley E. Maynard, Patricia M. Greenfield, Carla P. Childs, and Michael Weinstock

Abstract

Analyzing three sets of video data collected in one Maya community, we examined apprenticeship and learning of backstrap loom weaving over three generations spanning the years 1970 to 2012. Like many cultural groups, the Maya of Chiapas are experiencing rapid sociodemographic shifts. Three generations of girls (N = 134) were observed at their looms: in the 1970 subsistence economy; in the transition to a commercial economy in the 1990s; and in 2012, when the commercial economy required formal education. Multilevel models showed that intergenerational sociodemographic change -- increased time in school, greater involvement in the money economy, and decreased family size -- changed weaving apprenticeship, which, in turn, was related to changes in characteristics of learners. In 2012, weaving learners received more explanations, praise, and body instruction from their teachers. Learners, in turn, asked more questions. However, these changes came at a cost -- the gradual loss of weaving as an everyday subsistence practice and art form. Tracing intergenerational change over three generations, this study makes a unique contribution to an understanding of cultural evolution.

Published
2024
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30. Ecological Change, Psychological Mindedness, and Attitudes toward School Psychology: A Three-Generation Study of Bedouin Women in Israel

Author

Sahar El-sana, Patricia M. Greenfield, and Michael Weinstock

Abstract

The ecologies of Bedouin communities in Israel have changed in recent generations. This mixed-method study examines how such changes have augmented psychological mindedness and a willingness to accept professional psychological help. Twenty-one adolescent girls, their mothers, and their grandmothers responded to dilemmas regarding aspects of psychological knowledge and practice. We expected that ecological change, such as increased Bedouin participation in the Israeli school system through high school, would be associated with greater psychological mindedness. Quantitative analyses of all participants and qualitative analyses of three families each indicated that daughters and mothers accepted psychology as a source of knowledge, accepted psychological intervention, and were willing to share mental health problems outside the family to a greater degree than grandmothers, who preferred religious authorities, older family members for help, and secrecy. Qualitative analyses revealed that mothers were mediating a transition between the perspective of grandmothers and perspective of their daughters.

Published
2024
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32. Stabilizing two-qubit entanglement with dynamically decoupled active feedback

Author

Greenfield, Sacha, Martin, Leigh, Motzoi, Felix, Whaley, K. Birgitta, Dressel, Justin, and Levenson-Falk, Eli M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We propose and analyze a protocol for stabilizing a maximally entangled state of two noninteracting qubits using active state-dependent feedback from a continuous two-qubit half-parity measurement in coordination with a concurrent, non-commuting dynamical decoupling drive. We demonstrate that such a drive can be simultaneous with the measurement and feedback, while also playing a key part in the feedback protocol itself. We show that robust stabilization with near-unit fidelity can be achieved even in the presence of realistic nonidealities, such as time delay in the feedback loop, imperfect state-tracking, inefficient measurements, dephasing from $1/f$-distributed qubit-frequency noise, and relaxation. We mitigate feedback-delay error by introducing a forward-state-estimation strategy in the feedback controller that tracks the effects of control signals already in transit. More generally, the steady state is globally attractive without the need for ancillas, regardless of the error state, in contrast to most known feedback and error correction schemes., Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures

Published
2023
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40. Light painting photography makes particulate matter air pollution visible

Author

Pope, Francis D., Price, Robin, Woolley, Katherine E., Luiu, Carlo, Alam, Mohammed S., Avis, William R., Bartington, Suzanne E., Debebe, Dawit, Getaneh, Zerihun, Greenfield, Sheila M., Howells, Rachel, Khare, Mukesh, Weldetinsae, Abel, Lawson, Chloe, Mishra, Sumit K., Neal, Ben, Newman, Karen, Singh, Ajit, Teklu Wodajo, Bikila, Thomas, G. Neil, and Wilder, Faye

Published
2024
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48. Wafer-Scale MgB2 Superconducting Devices

Author

Kim, Changsub, Bell, Christina, Evans, Jake, Greenfield, Jonathan, Batson, Emma, Berggren, Karl, Lewis, Nathan, and Cunnane, Daniel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Progress in superconducting device and detector technologies over the past decade have realized practical applications in quantum computers, detectors for far-infrared telescopes, and optical communications. Superconducting thin film materials, however, have remained largely unchanged, with aluminum still being the material of choice for superconducting qubits, and niobium compounds for high frequency/high kinetic inductance devices. Magnesium diboride ($\mathrm{MgB}_2$), known for its highest transition temperature ($\mathrm{T}_c$ = 39 K) among metallic superconductors, is a viable material for elevated temperature and higher frequency superconducting devices moving towards THz frequencies. However, difficulty in synthesizing wafer-scale thin films have prevented implementation of $\mathrm{MgB}_2$ devices into the application base of superconducting electronics. Here, we report ultra-smooth (< 0.5 nm root-mean-square roughness) and uniform $\mathrm{MgB}_2$ thin (< 100 nm) films over 100 mm in diameter for the first time and present prototype devices fabricated with these films demonstrating key superconducting properties including internal quality factor over $\mathrm{10}^4$ at 4.5 K and high tunable kinetic inductance in the order of tens of pH/sq in a 40 nm film. This groundbreaking advancement will enable development of elevated temperature, high frequency superconducting quantum circuits and devices.

Published
2023
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49. The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Author

Gardner, Jonathan P., Mather, John C., Abbott, Randy, Abell, James S., Abernathy, Mark, Abney, Faith E., Abraham, John G., Abraham, Roberto, Abul-Huda, Yasin M., Acton, Scott, Adams, Cynthia K., Adams, Evan, Adler, David S., Adriaensen, Maarten, Aguilar, Jonathan Albert, Ahmed, Mansoor, Ahmed, Nasif S., Ahmed, Tanjira, Albat, Rüdeger, Albert, Loïc, Alberts, Stacey, Aldridge, David, Allen, Mary Marsha, Allen, Shaune S., Altenburg, Martin, Altunc, Serhat, Alvarez, Jose Lorenzo, Álvarez-Márquez, Javier, de Oliveira, Catarina Alves, Ambrose, Leslie L., Anandakrishnan, Satya M., Andersen, Gregory C., Anderson, Harry James, Anderson, Jay, Anderson, Kristen, Anderson, Sara M., Aprea, Julio, Archer, Benita J., Arenberg, Jonathan W., Argyriou, Ioannis, Arribas, Santiago, Artigau, Étienne, Arvai, Amanda Rose, Atcheson, Paul, Atkinson, Charles B., Averbukh, Jesse, Aymergen, Cagatay, Bacinski, John J., Baggett, Wayne E., Bagnasco, Giorgio, Baker, Lynn L., Balzano, Vicki Ann, Banks, Kimberly A., Baran, David A., Barker, Elizabeth A., Barrett, Larry K., Barringer, Bruce O., Barto, Allison, Bast, William, Baudoz, Pierre, Baum, Stefi, Beatty, Thomas G., Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bechtold, Kathryn, Beck, Tracy, Beddard, Megan M., Beichman, Charles, Bellagama, Larry, Bely, Pierre, Berger, Timothy W., Bergeron, Louis E., Darveau-Bernier, Antoine, Bertch, Maria D., Beskow, Charlotte, Betz, Laura E., Biagetti, Carl P., Birkmann, Stephan, Bjorklund, Kurt F., Blackwood, James D., Blazek, Ronald Paul, Blossfeld, Stephen, Bluth, Marcel, Boccaletti, Anthony, Boegner Jr., Martin E., Bohlin, Ralph C., Boia, John Joseph, Böker, Torsten, Bonaventura, N., Bond, Nicholas A., Bosley, Kari Ann, Boucarut, Rene A., Bouchet, Patrice, Bouwman, Jeroen, Bower, Gary, Bowers, Ariel S., Bowers, Charles W., Boyce, Leslye A., Boyer, Christine T., Boyer, Martha L., Boyer, Michael, Boyer, Robert, Bradley, Larry D., Brady, Gregory R., Brandl, Bernhard R., Brannen, Judith L., Breda, David, Bremmer, Harold G., Brennan, David, Bresnahan, Pamela A., Bright, Stacey N., Broiles, Brian J., Bromenschenkel, Asa, Brooks, Brian H., Brooks, Keira J., Brown, Bob, Brown, Bruce, Brown, Thomas M., Bruce, Barry W., Bryson, Jonathan G., Bujanda, Edwin D., Bullock, Blake M., Bunker, A. J., Bureo, Rafael, Burt, Irving J., Bush, James Aaron, Bushouse, Howard A., Bussman, Marie C., Cabaud, Olivier, Cale, Steven, Calhoon, Charles D., Calvani, Humberto, Canipe, Alicia M., Caputo, Francis M., Cara, Mihai, Carey, Larkin, Case, Michael Eli, Cesari, Thaddeus, Cetorelli, Lee D., Chance, Don R., Chandler, Lynn, Chaney, Dave, Chapman, George N., Charlot, S., Chayer, Pierre, Cheezum, Jeffrey I., Chen, Bin, Chen, Christine H., Cherinka, Brian, Chichester, Sarah C., Chilton, Zachary S., Chittiraibalan, Dharini, Clampin, Mark, Clark, Charles R., Clark, Kerry W., Clark, Stephanie M., Claybrooks, Edward E., Cleveland, Keith A., Cohen, Andrew L., Cohen, Lester M., Colón, Knicole D., Coleman, Benee L., Colina, Luis, Comber, Brian J., Comeau, Thomas M., Comer, Thomas, Reis, Alain Conde, Connolly, Dennis C., Conroy, Kyle E., Contos, Adam R., Contreras, James, Cook, Neil J., Cooper, James L., Cooper, Rachel Aviva, Correia, Michael F., Correnti, Matteo, Cossou, Christophe, Costanza, Brian F., Coulais, Alain, Cox, Colin R., Coyle, Ray T., Cracraft, Misty M., Noriega-Crespo, Alberto, Crew, Keith A., Curtis, Gary J., Cusveller, Bianca, Maciel, Cleyciane Da Costa, Dailey, Christopher T., Daugeron, Frédéric, Davidson, Greg S., Davies, James E., Davis, Katherine Anne, Davis, Michael S., Day, Ratna, de Chambure, Daniel, de Jong, Pauline, De Marchi, Guido, Dean, Bruce H., Decker, John E., Delisa, Amy S., Dell, Lawrence C., Dellagatta, Gail, Dembinska, Franciszka, Demosthenes, Sandor, Dencheva, Nadezhda M., Deneu, Philippe, DePriest, William W., Deschenes, Jeremy, Dethienne, Nathalie, Detre, Örs Hunor, Diaz, Rosa Izela, Dicken, Daniel, DiFelice, Audrey S., Dillman, Matthew, Disharoon, Maureen O., van Dishoeck, Ewine F., Dixon, William V., Doggett, Jesse B., Dominguez, Keisha L., Donaldson, Thomas S., Doria-Warner, Cristina M., Santos, Tony Dos, Doty, Heather, Douglas Jr., Robert E., Doyon, René, Dressler, Alan, Driggers, Jennifer, Driggers, Phillip A., Dunn, Jamie L., DuPrie, Kimberly C., Dupuis, Jean, Durning, John, Dutta, Sanghamitra B., Earl, Nicholas M., Eccleston, Paul, Ecobichon, Pascal, Egami, Eiichi, Ehrenwinkler, Ralf, Eisenhamer, Jonathan D., Eisenhower, Michael, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Hamel, Zaky El, Elie, Michelle L., Elliott, James, Elliott, Kyle Wesley, Engesser, Michael, Espinoza, Néstor, Etienne, Odessa, Etxaluze, Mireya, Evans, Leah, Fabreguettes, Luce, Falcolini, Massimo, Falini, Patrick R., Fatig, Curtis, Feeney, Matthew, Feinberg, Lee D., Fels, Raymond, Ferdous, Nazma, Ferguson, Henry C., Ferrarese, Laura, Ferreira, Marie-Héléne, Ferruit, Pierre, Ferry, Malcolm, Filippazzo, Joseph Charles, Firre, Daniel, Fix, Mees, Flagey, Nicolas, Flanagan, Kathryn A., Fleming, Scott W., Florian, Michael, Flynn, James R., Foiadelli, Luca, Fontaine, Mark R., Fontanella, Erin Marie, Forshay, Peter Randolph, Fortner, Elizabeth A., Fox, Ori D., Framarini, Alexandro P., Francisco, John I., Franck, Randy, Franx, Marijn, Franz, David E., Friedman, Scott D., Friend, Katheryn E., Frost, James R., Fu, Henry, Fullerton, Alexander W., Gaillard, Lionel, Galkin, Sergey, Gallagher, Ben, Galyer, Anthony D., Marín, Macarena García, Gardner, Lisa E., Garland, Dennis, Garrett, Bruce Albert, Gasman, Danny, Gáspár, András, Gastaud, René, Gaudreau, Daniel, Gauthier, Peter Timothy, Geers, Vincent, Geithner, Paul H., Gennaro, Mario, Gerber, John, Gereau, John C., Giampaoli, Robert, Giardino, Giovanna, Gibbons, Paul C., Gilbert, Karolina, Gilman, Larry, Girard, Julien H., Giuliano, Mark E., Gkountis, Konstantinos, Glasse, Alistair, Glassmire, Kirk Zachary, Glauser, Adrian Michael, Glazer, Stuart D., Goldberg, Joshua, Golimowski, David A., Gonzaga, Shireen P., Gordon, Karl D., Gordon, Shawn J., Goudfrooij, Paul, Gough, Michael J., Graham, Adrian J., Grau, Christopher M., Green, Joel David, Greene, Gretchen R., Greene, Thomas P., Greenfield, Perry E., Greenhouse, Matthew A., Greve, Thomas R., Greville, Edgar M., Grimaldi, Stefano, Groe, Frank E., Groebner, Andrew, Grumm, David M., Grundy, Timothy, Güdel, Manuel, Guillard, Pierre, Guldalian, John, Gunn, Christopher A., Gurule, Anthony, Gutman, Irvin Meyer, Guy, Paul D., Guyot, Benjamin, Hack, Warren J., Haderlein, Peter, Hagan, James B., Hagedorn, Andria, Hainline, Kevin, Haley, Craig, Hami, Maryam, Hamilton, Forrest Clifford, Hammann, Jeffrey, Hammel, Heidi B., Hanley, Christopher J., Hansen, Carl August, Hardy, Bruce, Harnisch, Bernd, Harr, Michael Hunter, Harris, Pamela, Hart, Jessica Ann, Hartig, George F., Hasan, Hashima, Hashim, Kathleen Marie, Hashimoto, Ryan, Haskins, Sujee J., Hawkins, Robert Edward, Hayden, Brian, Hayden, William L., Healy, Mike, Hecht, Karen, Heeg, Vince J., Hejal, Reem, Helm, Kristopher A., Hengemihle, Nicholas J., Henning, Thomas, Henry, Alaina, Henry, Ronald L., Henshaw, Katherine, Hernandez, Scarlin, Herrington, Donald C., Heske, Astrid, Hesman, Brigette Emily, Hickey, David L., Hilbert, Bryan N., Hines, Dean C., Hinz, Michael R., Hirsch, Michael, Hitcho, Robert S., Hodapp, Klaus, Hodge, Philip E., Hoffman, Melissa, Holfeltz, Sherie T., Holler, Bryan Jason, Hoppa, Jennifer Rose, Horner, Scott, Howard, Joseph M., Howard, Richard J., Huber, Jean M., Hunkeler, Joseph S., Hunter, Alexander, Hunter, David Gavin, Hurd, Spencer W., Hurst, Brendan J., Hutchings, John B., Hylan, Jason E., Ignat, Luminita Ilinca, Illingworth, Garth, Irish, Sandra M., Isaacs III, John C., Jackson Jr., Wallace C., Jaffe, Daniel T., Jahic, Jasmin, Jahromi, Amir, Jakobsen, Peter, James, Bryan, James, John C., James, LeAndrea Rae, Jamieson, William Brian, Jandra, Raymond D., Jayawardhana, Ray, Jedrzejewski, Robert, Jeffers, Basil S., Jensen, Peter, Joanne, Egges, Johns, Alan T., Johnson, Carl A., Johnson, Eric L., Johnson, Patricia, Johnson, Phillip Stephen, Johnson, Thomas K., Johnson, Timothy W., Johnstone, Doug, Jollet, Delphine, Jones, Danny P., Jones, Gregory S., Jones, Olivia C., Jones, Ronald A., Jones, Vicki, Jordan, Ian J., Jordan, Margaret E., Jue, Reginald, Jurkowski, Mark H., Justis, Grant, Justtanont, Kay, Kaleida, Catherine C., Kalirai, Jason S., Kalmanson, Phillip Cabrales, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Kammerer, Jens, Kan, Samuel K., Kanarek, Graham Childs, Kao, Shaw-Hong, Karakla, Diane M., Karl, Hermann, Kassin, Susan A., Kauffman, David D., Kavanagh, Patrick, Kelley, Leigh L., Kelly, Douglas M., Kendrew, Sarah, Kennedy, Herbert V., Kenny, Deborah A., Keski-Kuha, Ritva A., Keyes, Charles D., Khan, Ali, Kidwell, Richard C., Kimble, Randy A., King, James S., King, Richard C., Kinzel, Wayne M., Kirk, Jeffrey R., Kirkpatrick, Marc E., Klaassen, Pamela, Klingemann, Lana, Klintworth, Paul U., Knapp, Bryan Adam, Knight, Scott, Knollenberg, Perry J., Knutsen, Daniel Mark, Koehler, Robert, Koekemoer, Anton M., Kofler, Earl T., Kontson, Vicki L., Kovacs, Aiden Rose, Kozhurina-Platais, Vera, Krause, Oliver, Kriss, Gerard A., Krist, John, Kristoffersen, Monica R., Krogel, Claudia, Krueger, Anthony P., Kulp, Bernard A., Kumari, Nimisha, Kwan, Sandy W., Kyprianou, Mark, Labador, Aurora Gadiano, Labiano, Álvaro, Lafrenière, David, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Laidler, Victoria G., Laine, Benoit, Laird, Simon, Lajoie, Charles-Philippe, Lallo, Matthew D., Lam, May Yen, LaMassa, Stephanie Marie, Lambros, Scott D., Lampenfield, Richard Joseph, Lander, Matthew Ed, Langston, James Hutton, Larson, Kirsten, Larson, Melora, LaVerghetta, Robert Joseph, Law, David R., Lawrence, Jon F., Lee, David W., Lee, Janice, Lee, Yat-Ning Paul, Leisenring, Jarron, Leveille, Michael Dunlap, Levenson, Nancy A., Levi, Joshua S., Levine, Marie B., Lewis, Dan, Lewis, Jake, Lewis, Nikole, Libralato, Mattia, Lidon, Norbert, Liebrecht, Paula Louisa, Lightsey, Paul, Lilly, Simon, Lim, Frederick C., Lim, Pey Lian, Ling, Sai-Kwong, Link, Lisa J., Link, Miranda Nicole, Lipinski, Jamie L., Liu, XiaoLi, Lo, Amy S., Lobmeyer, Lynette, Logue, Ryan M., Long, Chris A., Long, Douglas R., Long, Ilana D., Long, Knox S., López-Caniego, Marcos, Lotz, Jennifer M., Love-Pruitt, Jennifer M., Lubskiy, Michael, Luers, Edward B., Luetgens, Robert A., Luevano, Annetta J., Lui, Sarah Marie G. Flores, Lund III, James M., Lundquist, Ray A., Lunine, Jonathan, Lützgendorf, Nora, Lynch, Richard J., MacDonald, Alex J., MacDonald, Kenneth, Macias, Matthew J., Macklis, Keith I., Maghami, Peiman, Maharaja, Rishabh Y., Maiolino, Roberto, Makrygiannis, Konstantinos G., Malla, Sunita Giri, Malumuth, Eliot M., Manjavacas, Elena, Marini, Andrea, Marrione, Amanda, Marston, Anthony, Martel, André R, Martin, Didier, Martin, Peter G., Martinez, Kristin L., Maschmann, Marc, Masci, Gregory L., Masetti, Margaret E., Maszkiewicz, Michael, Matthews, Gary, Matuskey, Jacob E., McBrayer, Glen A., McCarthy, Donald W., McCaughrean, Mark J., McClare, Leslie A., McClare, Michael D., McCloskey, John C., McClurg, Taylore D., McCoy, Martin, McElwain, Michael W., McGregor, Roy D., McGuffey, Douglas B., McKay, Andrew G., McKenzie, William K., McLean, Brian, McMaster, Matthew, McNeil, Warren, De Meester, Wim, Mehalick, Kimberly L., Meixner, Margaret, Meléndez, Marcio, Menzel, Michael P., Menzel, Michael T., Merz, Matthew, Mesterharm, David D., Meyer, Michael R., Meyett, Michele L., Meza, Luis E., Midwinter, Calvin, Milam, Stefanie N., Miller, Jay Todd, Miller, William C., Miskey, Cherie L., Misselt, Karl, Mitchell, Eileen P., Mohan, Martin, Montoya, Emily E., Moran, Michael J., Morishita, Takahiro, Moro-Martín, Amaya, Morrison, Debra L., Morrison, Jane, Morse, Ernie C., Moschos, Michael, Moseley, S. H., Mosier, Gary E., Mosner, Peter, Mountain, Matt, Muckenthaler, Jason S., Mueller, Donald G., Mueller, Migo, Muhiem, Daniella, Mühlmann, Prisca, Mullally, Susan Elizabeth, Mullen, Stephanie M., Munger, Alan J, Murphy, Jess, Murray, Katherine T., Muzerolle, James C., Mycroft, Matthew, Myers, Andrew, Myers, Carey R., Myers, Fred Richard R., Myers, Richard, Myrick, Kaila, Nagle IV, Adrian F., Nayak, Omnarayani, Naylor, Bret, Neff, Susan G., Nelan, Edmund P., Nella, John, Nguyen, Duy Tuong, Nguyen, Michael N., Nickson, Bryony, Nidhiry, John Joseph, Niedner, Malcolm B., Nieto-Santisteban, Maria, Nikolov, Nikolay K., Nishisaka, Mary Ann, Nota, Antonella, O'Mara, Robyn C., Oboryshko, Michael, O'Brien, Marcus B., Ochs, William R., Offenberg, Joel D., Ogle, Patrick Michael, Ohl, Raymond G., Olmsted, Joseph Hamden, Osborne, Shannon Barbara, O'Shaughnessy, Brian Patrick, Östlin, Göran, O'Sullivan, Brian, Otor, O. Justin, Ottens, Richard, Ouellette, Nathalie N. -Q., Outlaw, Daria J., Owens, Beverly A., Pacifici, Camilla, Page, James Christophe, Paranilam, James G., Park, Sang, Parrish, Keith A., Paschal, Laura, Patapis, Polychronis, Patel, Jignasha, Patrick, Keith, Pattishall Jr., Robert A., Paul, Douglas William, Paul, Shirley J., Pauly, Tyler Andrew, Pavlovsky, Cheryl M., Peña-Guerrero, Maria, Pedder, Andrew H., Peek, Matthew Weldon, Pelham, Patricia A., Penanen, Konstantin, Perriello, Beth A., Perrin, Marshall D., Perrine, Richard F., Perrygo, Chuck, Peslier, Muriel, Petach, Michael, Peterson, Karla A., Pfarr, Tom, Pierson, James M., Pietraszkiewicz, Martin, Pilchen, Guy, Pipher, Judy L., Pirzkal, Norbert, Pitman, Joseph T., Player, Danielle M., Plesha, Rachel, Plitzke, Anja, Pohner, John A., Poletis, Karyn Konstantin, Pollizzi, Joseph A., Polster, Ethan, Pontius, James T., Pontoppidan, Klaus, Porges, Susana C., Potter, Gregg D., Prescott, Stephen, Proffitt, Charles R., Pueyo, Laurent, Neira, Irma Aracely Quispe, Radich, Armando, Rager, Reiko T., Rameau, Julien, Ramey, Deborah D., Alarcon, Rafael Ramos, Rampini, Riccardo, Rapp, Robert, Rashford, Robert A., Rauscher, Bernard J., Ravindranath, Swara, Rawle, Timothy, Rawlings, Tynika N., Ray, Tom, Regan, Michael W., Rehm, Brian, Rehm, Kenneth D., Reid, Neill, Reis, Carl A., Renk, Florian, Reoch, Tom B., Ressler, Michael, Rest, Armin W., Reynolds, Paul J., Richon, Joel G., Richon, Karen V., Ridgaway, Michael, Riedel, Adric Richard, Rieke, George H., Rieke, Marcia, Rifelli, Richard E., Rigby, Jane R., Riggs, Catherine S., Ringel, Nancy J., Ritchie, Christine E., Rix, Hans-Walter, Robberto, Massimo, Robinson, Michael S., Robinson, Orion, Rock, Frank W., Rodriguez, David R., del Pino, Bruno Rodríguez, Roellig, Thomas, Rohrbach, Scott O., Roman, Anthony J., Romelfanger, Frederick J., Romo Jr., Felipe P., Rosales, Jose J., Rose, Perry, Roteliuk, Anthony F., Roth, Marc N., Rothwell, Braden Quinn, Rouzaud, Sylvain, Rowe, Jason, Rowlands, Neil, Roy, Arpita, Royer, Pierre, Rui, Chunlei, Rumler, Peter, Rumpl, William, Russ, Melissa L., Ryan, Michael B., Ryan, Richard M., Saad, Karl, Sabata, Modhumita, Sabatino, Rick, Sabbi, Elena, Sabelhaus, Phillip A., Sabia, Stephen, Sahu, Kailash C., Saif, Babak N., Salvignol, Jean-Christophe, Samara-Ratna, Piyal, Samuelson, Bridget S., Sanders, Felicia A., Sappington, Bradley, Sargent, B. A., Sauer, Arne, Savadkin, Bruce J., Sawicki, Marcin, Schappell, Tina M., Scheffer, Caroline, Scheithauer, Silvia, Scherer, Ron, Schiff, Conrad, Schlawin, Everett, Schmeitzky, Olivier, Schmitz, Tyler S., Schmude, Donald J., Schneider, Analyn, Schreiber, Jürgen, Schroeven-Deceuninck, Hilde, Schultz, John J., Schwab, Ryan, Schwartz, Curtis H., Scoccimarro, Dario, Scott, John F., Scott, Michelle B., Seaton, Bonita L., Seely, Bruce S., Seery, Bernard, Seidleck, Mark, Sembach, Kenneth, Shanahan, Clare Elizabeth, Shaughnessy, Bryan, Shaw, Richard A., Shay, Christopher Michael, Sheehan, Even, Sheth, Kartik, Shih, Hsin-Yi, Shivaei, Irene, Siegel, Noah, Sienkiewicz, Matthew G., Simmons, Debra D., Simon, Bernard P., Sirianni, Marco, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Slade, Jeffrey E., Sloan, G. C., Slocum, Christine E., Slowinski, Steven E., Smith, Corbett T., Smith, Eric P., Smith, Erin C., Smith, Koby, Smith, Robert, Smith, Stephanie J., Smolik, John L., Soderblom, David R., Sohn, Sangmo Tony, Sokol, Jeff, Sonneborn, George, Sontag, Christopher D., Sooy, Peter R., Soummer, Remi, Southwood, Dana M., Spain, Kay, Sparmo, Joseph, Speer, David T., Spencer, Richard, Sprofera, Joseph D., Stallcup, Scott S., Stanley, Marcia K., Stansberry, John A., Stark, Christopher C., Starr, Carl W., Stassi, Diane Y., Steck, Jane A., Steeley, Christine D., Stephens, Matthew A., Stephenson, Ralph J., Stewart, Alphonso C., Stiavelli, Massimo, Stockman Jr., Hervey, Strada, Paolo, Straughn, Amber N., Streetman, Scott, Strickland, David Kendal, Strobele, Jingping F., Stuhlinger, Martin, Stys, Jeffrey Edward, Such, Miguel, Sukhatme, Kalyani, Sullivan, Joseph F., Sullivan, Pamela C., Sumner, Sandra M., Sun, Fengwu, Sunnquist, Benjamin Dale, Swade, Daryl Allen, Swam, Michael S., Swenton, Diane F., Swoish, Robby A., Litten, Oi In Tam, Tamas, Laszlo, Tao, Andrew, Taylor, David K., Taylor, Joanna M., Plate, Maurice te, Van Tea, Mason, Teague, Kelly K., Telfer, Randal C., Temim, Tea, Texter, Scott C., Thatte, Deepashri G., Thompson, Christopher Lee, Thompson, Linda M., Thomson, Shaun R., Thronson, Harley, Tierney, C. M., Tikkanen, Tuomo, Tinnin, Lee, Tippet, William Thomas, Todd, Connor William, Tran, Hien D., Trauger, John, Trejo, Edwin Gregorio, Truong, Justin Hoang Vinh, Tsukamoto, Christine L., Tufail, Yasir, Tumlinson, Jason, Tustain, Samuel, Tyra, Harrison, Ubeda, Leonardo, Underwood, Kelli, Uzzo, Michael A., Vaclavik, Steven, Valenduc, Frida, Valenti, Jeff A., Van Campen, Julie, van de Wetering, Inge, Van Der Marel, Roeland P., van Haarlem, Remy, Vandenbussche, Bart, Vanterpool, Dona D., Vernoy, Michael R., Costas, Maria Begoña Vila, Volk, Kevin, Voorzaat, Piet, Voyton, Mark F., Vydra, Ekaterina, Waddy, Darryl J., Waelkens, Christoffel, Wahlgren, Glenn Michael, Walker Jr., Frederick E., Wander, Michel, Warfield, Christine K., Warner, Gerald, Wasiak, Francis C., Wasiak, Matthew F., Wehner, James, Weiler, Kevin R., Weilert, Mark, Weiss, Stanley B., Wells, Martyn, Welty, Alan D., Wheate, Lauren, Wheeler, Thomas P., White, Christy L., Whitehouse, Paul, Whiteleather, Jennifer Margaret, Whitman, William Russell, Williams, Christina C., Willmer, Christopher N. A., Willott, Chris J., Willoughby, Scott P., Wilson, Andrew, Wilson, Debra, Wilson, Donna V., Windhorst, Rogier, Wislowski, Emily Christine, Wolfe, David J., Wolfe, Michael A., Wolff, Schuyler, Wondel, Amancio, Woo, Cindy, Woods, Robert T., Worden, Elaine, Workman, William, Wright, Gillian S., Wu, Carl, Wu, Chi-Rai, Wun, Dakin D., Wymer, Kristen B., Yadetie, Thomas, Yan, Isabelle C., Yang, Keith C., Yates, Kayla L., Yeager, Christopher R., Yerger, Ethan John, Young, Erick T., Young, Gary, Yu, Gene, Yu, Susan, Zak, Dean S., Zeidler, Peter, Zepp, Robert, Zhou, Julia, Zincke, Christian A., Zonak, Stephanie, and Zondag, Elisabeth

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit., Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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50. Report of the US ITER Research Program Research Needs Workshop

Author

Greenfield, Charles, Collins, Cami, and Participants, Workshop

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The US ITER Research Program Basic Research Needs Workshop, held over the course of several months in 2022 with over 400 participants, sought to identify steps to be taken to both maximize the return of the US investment in ITER construction and operation and to ensure US research priorities on ITER strengthen the domestic program aimed at the development of a fusion pilot plant (FPP).

Published
2023

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