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1. SDSS-IV MaNGA: the chemical co-evolution of gas and stars in spiral galaxies

Author

Greener, Michael J., Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Merrifield, Michael, Peterken, Thomas, Sazonova, Elizaveta, Haggar, Roan, Bizyaev, Dmitry, Brownstein, Joel R., Lane, Richard R., and Pan, Kaike

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We investigate archaeologically how the metallicity in both stellar and gaseous components of spiral galaxies of differing masses evolve with time, using data from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. For the stellar component, we can measure this evolution directly by decomposing the galaxy absorption-line spectra into populations of different ages and determining their metallicities. For the gaseous component, we can only measure the present-day metallicity directly from emission lines. However, there is a well-established relationship between gas metallicity, stellar mass and star formation rate which does not evolve significantly with redshift; since the latter two quantities can be determined directly for any epoch from the decomposition of the absorption-line spectra, we can use this relationship to infer the variation in gas metallicity over cosmic time. Comparison of present-day values derived in this way with those obtained directly from the emission lines confirms the validity of the method. Application of this approach to a sample of 1619 spiral galaxies reveals how the metallicity of these systems has changed over the last 10 billion years since cosmic noon. For lower-mass galaxies, both stellar and gaseous metallicity increase together, as one might expect in well-mixed fairly isolated systems. In higher-mass systems, the average stellar metallicity has not increased in step with the inferred gas metallicity, and actually decreases with time. Such disjoint behaviour is what one might expect if these more massive systems have accreted significant amounts of largely pristine gas over their lifetimes, and this material has not been well mixed into the galaxies., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS

Published
2022
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2. The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data

Author

Abdurro'uf, Accetta, Katherine, Aerts, Conny, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Ahumada, Romina, Ajgaonkar, Nikhil, Ak, N. Filiz, Alam, Shadab, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Andres, Anders, Friedrich, Anderson, Scott F., Andrews, Brett H., Anguiano, Borja, Aquino-Ortiz, Erik, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Argudo-Fernandez, Maria, Ata, Metin, Aubert, Marie, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, Badenes, Carles, Barba, Rodolfo H., Barger, Kat, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., Beaton, Rachael L., Beers, Timothy C., Belfiore, Francesco, Bender, Chad F., Bernardi, Mariangela, Bershady, Matthew A., Beutler, Florian, Bidin, Christian Moni, Bird, Jonathan C., Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blanc, Guillermo A., Blanton, Michael R., Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bolton, Adam S., Boquien, Mederic, Borissova, Jura, Bovy, Jo, Brandt, W. N., Brown, Jordan, Brownstein, Joel R., Brusa, Marcella, Buchner, Johannes, Bundy, Kevin, Burchett, Joseph N., Bureau, Martin, Burgasser, Adam, Cabang, Tuesday K., Campbell, Stephanie, Cappellari, Michele, Carlberg, Joleen K., Wanderley, Fabio Carneiro, Carrera, Ricardo, Cash, Jennifer, Chen, Yan-Ping, Chen, Wei-Huai, Cherinka, Brian, Chiappini, Cristina, Choi, Peter Doohyun, Chojnowski, S. Drew, Chung, Haeun, Clerc, Nicolas, Cohen, Roger E., Comerford, Julia M., Comparat, Johan, da Costa, Luiz, Covey, Kevin, Crane, Jeffrey D., Cruz-Gonzalez, Irene, Culhane, Connor, Cunha, Katia, Dai, Y. Sophia, Damke, Guillermo, Darling, Jeremy, Davidson Jr., James W., Davies, Roger, Dawson, Kyle, De Lee, Nathan, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., Cano-Diaz, Mariana, Sanchez, Helena Dominguez, Donor, John, Duckworth, Chris, Dwelly, Tom, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elsworth, Yvonne P., Emsellem, Eric, Eracleous, Mike, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fan, Xiaohui, Farr, Emily, Feng, Shuai, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Feuillet, Diane, Filipp, Andreas, Fillingham, Sean P, Frinchaboy, Peter M., Fromenteau, Sebastien, Galbany, Lluis, Garcia, Rafael A., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Ge, Junqiang, Geisler, Doug, Gelfand, Joseph, Geron, Tobias, Gibson, Benjamin J., Goddy, Julian, Godoy-Rivera, Diego, Grabowski, Kathleen, Green, Paul J., Greener, Michael, Grier, Catherine J., Griffith, Emily, Guo, Hong, Guy, Julien, Hadjara, Massinissa, Harding, Paul, Hasselquist, Sten, Hayes, Christian R., Hearty, Fred, Hernandez, Jesus, Hill, Lewis, Hogg, David W., Holtzman, Jon A., Horta, Danny, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, Hsu, Chin-Hao, Hsu, Yun-Hsin, Huber, Daniel, Huertas-Company, Marc, Hutchinson, Brian, Hwang, Ho Seong, Ibarra-Medel, Hector J., Chitham, Jacob Ider, Ilha, Gabriele S., Imig, Julie, Jaekle, Will, Jayasinghe, Tharindu, Ji, Xihan, Johnson, Jennifer A., Jones, Amy, Jonsson, Henrik, Katkov, Ivan, Khalatyan, Arman, Kinemuchi, Karen, Kisku, Shobhit, Knapen, Johan H., Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A., Kong, Miranda, Kounkel, Marina, Kreckel, Kathryn, Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Lacerna, Ivan, Lane, Richard R., Langgin, Rachel, Lavender, Ramon, Law, David R., Lazarz, Daniel, Leung, Henry W., Leung, Ho-Hin, Lewis, Hannah M., Li, Cheng, Li, Ran, Lian, Jianhui, Liang, Fu-Heng, Lin, Lihwai, Lin, Yen-Ting, Lin, Sicheng, Lintott, Chris, Long, Dan, Longa-Pena, Penelope, Lopez-Coba, Carlos, Lu, Shengdong, Lundgren, Britt F., Luo, Yuanze, Mackereth, J. Ted, de la Macorra, Axel, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Majewski, Steven R., Manchado, Arturo, Mandeville, Travis, Maraston, Claudia, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Masseron, Thomas, Masters, Karen L., Mathur, Savita, McDermid, Richard M., Mckay, Myles, Merloni, Andrea, Merrifield, Michael, Meszaros, Szabolcs, Miglio, Andrea, Di Mille, Francesco, Minniti, Dante, Minsley, Rebecca, Monachesi, Antonela, Moon, Jeongin, Mosser, Benoit, Mulchaey, John, Muna, Demitri, Munoz, Ricardo R., Myers, Adam D., Myers, Natalie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Nair, Preethi, Nandra, Kirpal, Neumann, Justus, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nidever, David L., Nikakhtar, Farnik, Nitschelm, Christian, O'Connell, Julia E., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, de Oliveira, Gabriel Luan Souza, Olney, Richard, Oravetz, Daniel, Ortigoza-Urdaneta, Mario, Osorio, Yeisson, Otter, Justin, Pace, Zachary J., Padilla, Nelson, Pan, Kaike, Pan, Hsi-An, Parikh, Taniya, Parker, James, Peirani, Sebastien, Ramirez, Karla Pena, Penny, Samantha, Percival, Will J., Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Pinsonneault, Marc, Poidevin, Frederick, Poovelil, Vijith Jacob, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., Queiroz, Anna Barbara de Andrade, Raddick, M. Jordan, Ray, Amy, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, Riddle, Nicole, Riffel, Rogemar A., Riffel, Rogerio, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robin, Annie C., Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo, Roman-Lopes, Alexandre, Roman-Zuniga, Carlos, Rose, Benjamin, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Rubin, Kate H. R., Salvato, Mara, Sanchez, Sebastian F., Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R., Sanderson, Robyn, Rojas, Felipe Antonio Santana, Sarceno, Edgar, Sarmiento, Regina, Sayres, Conor, Sazonova, Elizaveta, Schaefer, Adam L., Schiavon, Ricardo, Schlegel, David J, Schneider, Donald P., Schultheis, Mathias, Schwope, Axel, Serenelli, Aldo, Serna, Javier, Shao, Zhengyi, Shapiro, Griffin, Sharma, Anubhav, Shen, Yue, Shetrone, Matthew, Shu, Yiping, Simon, Joshua D., Skrutskie, M. F., Smethurst, Rebecca, Smith, Verne, Sobeck, Jennifer, Spoo, Taylor, Sprague, Dani, Stark, David V., Stassun, Keivan G., Steinmetz, Matthias, Stello, Dennis, Stone-Martinez, Alexander, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, Stringfellow, Guy S., Stutz, Amelia, Su, Yung-Chau, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, Talbot, Michael S., Tayar, Jamie, Telles, Eduardo, Teske, Johanna, Thakar, Ani, Theissen, Christopher, Thomas, Daniel, Tkachenko, Andrew, Tojeiro, Rita, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, Troup, Nicholas W., Trump, Jonathan R., Trussler, James, Turner, Jacqueline, Tuttle, Sarah, Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo, Vazquez-Mata, Jose Antonio, Valentini, Marica, Valenzuela, Octavio, Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Alfaro, Pablo Vera, Villanova, Sandro, Vincenzo, Fiorenzo, Wake, David, Warfield, Jack T., Washington, Jessica Diane, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Weinberg, David H., Weiss, Achim, Westfall, Kyle B., Wild, Vivienne, Wilde, Matthew C., Wilson, John C., Wilson, Robert F., Wilson, Mikayla, Wolf, Julien, Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yan, Renbin, Zamora, Olga, Zasowski, Gail, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Cheng, Zheng, Zheng, and Zhu, Kai

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar) accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) survey which publicly releases infra-red spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the sub-survey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) sub-survey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated Value Added Catalogs (VACs). This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Local Volume Mapper (LVM) and Black Hole Mapper (BHM) surveys., Comment: 40 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables. In press at ApJSS (arxiv v2 corrects some minor typos and updates references)

Published
2021
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3. Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed dustystar forming galaxies detected by Herschel

Author

Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, and Wardlow, Julie

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present modelling of ~0.1arcsec resolution Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimeter Array imaging of seven strong gravitationally lensed galaxies detected by the Herschel Space Observatory. Four of these systems are galaxy-galaxy scale strong lenses, with the remaining three being group-scale lenses. Through careful modelling of visibilities, we infer the mass profiles of the lensing galaxies and by determining the magnification factors, we investigate the intrinsic properties and morphologies of the lensed sub-millimetre sources. We find that these sub-millimetre sources all have ratios of star formation rate to dust mass that is consistent with or in excess of the mean ratio for high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies and low redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. The contribution to the infrared luminosity from possible AGN is not quantified and so could be biasing our star formation rates to higher values. The majority of our lens models have mass density slopes close to isothermal, but some systems show significant differences., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to MNRAS

Published
2021
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4. Estimating dust attenuation from galactic spectra. II. Stellar and gas attenuation in star-forming and diffuse ionized gas regions in MaNGA

Author

Li, Niu, Li, Cheng, Mo, Houjun, Zhou, Shuang, Liang, Fu-heng, Boquien, Médéric, Drory, Niv, Fernández-Trincado, José G., Greener, Michael, and Riffel, Rogério

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We investigate the dust attenuation in both stellar populations and ionized gas in kpc-scale regions in nearby galaxies, using integral field spectroscopy data from MaNGA MPL-9. We identify star-forming (HII) and diffuse ionized gas (DIG) regions from MaNGA datacubes. From the stacked spectrum of each region, we measure the stellar attenuation, $E(B-V)_{\rm star}$, using the technique developed by Li et al.(2020), as well as the gas attenuation, $E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$, from the Balmer decrement. We then examine the correlation of $E(B-V)_{\rm star}$, $E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$, $E(B-V)_{\rm gas}-E(B-V)_{\rm star}$ and $E(B-V)_{\rm star}/E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$ with 16 regional/global properties, and for regions with different $\rm H{\alpha}$ surface brightnesses ($\Sigma_{\rm H\alpha}$). We find a stronger correlation between $E(B-V)_{\rm star}$ and $E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$ in regions of higher $\Sigma_{\rm H\alpha}$. Luminosity-weighted age ($t_L$) is found to be the property that is the most strongly correlated with $E(B-V)_{\rm star}$, and consequently with $E(B-V)_{\rm gas}-E(B-V)_{\rm star}$ and $E(B-V)_{\rm star}/E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$. At fixed $\Sigma_{\rm H\alpha}$, $\log_{10}t_L$ is linearly and negatively correlated with $E(B-V)_{\rm star}/E(B-V)_{\rm gas}$ at all ages. Gas-phase metallicity and ionization level are important for the attenuation in the gas. Our results indicate that the ionizing source for DIG regions is likely distributed in the outer-skirt of galaxies, while for HII regions our results can be well explained by the two-component dust model of Charlot & Fall (2000)., Comment: accepted by ApJ

Published
2021
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5. SDSS-IV MaNGA: the 'G-dwarf problem' revisited

Author

Greener, Michael J., Merrifield, Michael, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Peterken, Thomas, Andrews, Brett, and Lane, Richard R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The levels of heavy elements in stars are the product of enhancement by previous stellar generations, and the distribution of this metallicity among the population contains clues to the process by which a galaxy formed. Most famously, the "G-dwarf problem" highlighted the small number of low-metallicity G-dwarf stars in the Milky Way, which is inconsistent with the simplest picture of a galaxy formed from a "closed box" of gas. It can be resolved by treating the Galaxy as an open system that accretes gas throughout its life. This observation has classically only been made in the Milky Way, but the availability of high-quality spectral data from SDSS-IV MaNGA and the development of new analysis techniques mean that we can now make equivalent measurements for a large sample of spiral galaxies. Our analysis shows that high-mass spirals generically show a similar deficit of low-metallicity stars, implying that the Milky Way's history of gas accretion is common. By contrast, low-mass spirals show little sign of a G-dwarf problem, presenting the metallicity distribution that would be expected if such systems evolved as pretty much closed boxes. This distinction can be understood from the differing timescales for star formation in galaxies of differing masses., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2021
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6. SDSS-IV MaNGA: spatially resolved dust attenuation in spiral galaxies

Author

Greener, Michael J., Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, Merrifield, Michael R., Peterken, Thomas G., Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia, Masters, Karen L., Krawczyk, Coleman M., Boardman, Nicholas F., Boquien, Médéric, Andrews, Brett H., Brinkmann, Jonathan, and Drory, Niv

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Dust attenuation in star-forming spiral galaxies affects stars and gas in different ways due to local variations in dust geometry. We present spatially resolved measurements of dust attenuation for a sample of 232 such star-forming spiral galaxies, derived from spectra acquired by the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. The dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations of these galaxies (obtained using full spectrum stellar population fitting methods) is compared with the dust attenuation in the gas (derived from the Balmer decrement). Both of these attenuation measures increase for local regions of galaxies with higher star formation rates; the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations increases more so than the dust attenuation in the gas, causing the ratio of the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations to the dust attenuation in the gas to decrease for local regions of galaxies with higher star formation rate densities. No systematic difference is discernible in any of these dust attenuation quantities between the spiral arm and inter-arm regions of the galaxies. While both the dust attenuation in the gas and the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations decrease with galactocentric radius, the ratio of the two quantities does not vary with radius. This ratio does, however, decrease systematically as the stellar mass of the galaxy increases. Analysis of the radial profiles of the two dust attenuation measures suggests that there is a disproportionately high concentration of birth clouds (incorporating gas, young stars and clumpy dust) nearer to the centres of star-forming spiral galaxies., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2020
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8. Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies detected by Herschel

Author

Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De&nbsp, Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, and Wardlow, Julie

Subjects
Strong [Gravitational lensing], Lentes gravitacionais, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Deslocamento para o vermelho, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Galáxias, Structure [Galaxies], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, gravitational lensing: strong –galaxies: structure
Abstract

We present modelling of ~0.1arcsec resolution Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimeter Array imaging of seven strong gravitationally lensed galaxies detected by the Herschel Space Observatory. Four of these systems are galaxy-galaxy scale strong lenses, with the remaining three being group-scale lenses. Through careful modelling of visibilities, we infer the mass profiles of the lensing galaxies and by determining the magnification factors, we investigate the intrinsic properties and morphologies of the lensed sub-millimetre sources. We find that these sub-millimetre sources all have ratios of star formation rate to dust mass that is consistent with or in excess of the mean ratio for high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies and low redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. The contribution to the infrared luminosity from possible AGN is not quantified and so could be biasing our star formation rates to higher values. The majority of our lens models have mass density slopes close to isothermal, but some systems show significant differences., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to MNRAS

Published
2022

9. The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data

Author

Abdurro'uf, Accetta, Katherine, Aerts, Conny, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Ahumada, Romina, Ajgaonkar, Nikhil, Ak, N. Filiz, Alam, Shadab, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Andres, Anders, Friedrich, Anderson, Scott F., Andrews, Brett H., Anguiano, Borja, Aquino-Ortiz, Erik, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Argudo-Fernandez, Maria, Ata, Metin, Aubert, Marie, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, Badenes, Carles, Barba, Rodolfo H., Barger, Kat, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., Beaton, Rachael L., Beers, Timothy C., Belfiore, Francesco, Bender, Chad F., Bernardi, Mariangela, Bershady, Matthew A., Beutler, Florian, Bidin, Christian Moni, Bird, Jonathan C., Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blanc, Guillermo A., Blanton, Michael R., Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bolton, Adam S., Boquien, Mederic, Borissova, Jura, Bovy, Jo, Brandt, W. N., Brown, Jordan, Brownstein, Joel R., Brusa, Marcella, Buchner, Johannes, Bundy, Kevin, Burchett, Joseph N., Bureau, Martin, Burgasser, Adam, Cabang, Tuesday K., Campbell, Stephanie, Cappellari, Michele, Carlberg, Joleen K., Wanderley, Fabio Carneiro, Carrera, Ricardo, Cash, Jennifer, Chen, Yan-Ping, Chen, Wei-Huai, Cherinka, Brian, Chiappini, Cristina, Choi, Peter Doohyun, Chojnowski, S. Drew, Chung, Haeun, Clerc, Nicolas, Cohen, Roger E., Comerford, Julia M., Comparat, Johan, da Costa, Luiz, Covey, Kevin, Crane, Jeffrey D., Cruz-Gonzalez, Irene, Culhane, Connor, Cunha, Katia, Dai, Y. Sophia, Damke, Guillermo, Darling, Jeremy, Davidson, James W., Jr., Davies, Roger, Dawson, Kyle, De Lee, Nathan, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., Cano-Diaz, Mariana, Sanchez, Helena Dominguez, Donor, John, Duckworth, Chris, Dwelly, Tom, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elsworth, Yvonne P., Emsellem, Eric, Eracleous, Mike, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fan, Xiaohui, Farr, Emily, Feng, Shuai, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Feuillet, Diane, Filipp, Andreas, Fillingham, Sean P., Frinchaboy, Peter M., Fromenteau, Sebastien, Galbany, Lluis, Garcia, Rafael A., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Ge, Junqiang, Geisler, Doug, Gelfand, Joseph, Geron, Tobias, Gibson, Benjamin J., Goddy, Julian, Godoy-Rivera, Diego, Grabowski, Kathleen, Green, Paul J., Greener, Michael, Grier, Catherine J., Griffith, Emily, Guo, Hong, Guy, Julien, Hadjara, Massinissa, Harding, Paul, Hasselquist, Sten, Hayes, Christian R., Hearty, Fred, Hill, Lewis, Hogg, David W., Holtzman, Jon A., Horta, Danny, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, Hsu, Chin-Hao, Hsu, Yun-Hsin, Huber, Daniel, Huertas-Company, Marc, Hutchinson, Brian, Hwang, Ho Seong, Ibarra-Medel, Hector J., Chitham, Jacob Ider, Ilha, Gabriele S., Imig, Julie, Jaekle, Will, Jayasinghe, Tharindu, Ji, Xihan, Johnson, Jennifer A., Jones, Amy, Jönsson, Henrik, Katkov, Ivan, Khalatyan, Arman, Kinemuchi, Karen, Kisku, Shobhit, Knapen, Johan H., Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A., Kong, Miranda, Kounkel, Marina, Kreckel, Kathryn, Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Lacerna, Ivan, Lane, Richard R., Langgin, Rachel, Lavender, Ramon, Law, David R., Lazarz, Daniel, Leung, Henry W., Leung, Ho-Hin, Lewis, Hannah M., Li, Cheng, Li, Ran, Lian, Jianhui, Liang, Fu-Heng, Lin, Lihwai, Lin, Yen-Ting, Lin, Sicheng, Lintott, Chris, Long, Dan, Longa-Pena, Penelope, Lopez-Coba, Carlos, Lu, Shengdong, Lundgren, Britt F., Luo, Yuanze, Mackereth, J. Ted, de la Macorra, Axel, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Majewski, Steven R., Manchado, Arturo, Mandeville, Travis, Maraston, Claudia, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Masseron, Thomas, Masters, Karen L., Mathur, Savita, McDermid, Richard M., Mckay, Myles, Merloni, Andrea, Merrifield, Michael, Meszaros, Szabolcs, Miglio, Andrea, Di Mille, Francesco, Minniti, Dante, Minsley, Rebecca, Monachesi, Antonela, Moon, Jeongin, Mosser, Benoit, Mulchaey, John, Muna, Demitri, Munoz, Ricardo R., Myers, Adam D., Myers, Natalie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Nair, Preethi, Nandra, Kirpal, Neumann, Justus, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nidever, David L., Nikakhtar, Farnik, Nitschelm, Christian, O'Connell, Julia E., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, de Oliveira, Gabriel Luan Souza, Olney, Richard, Oravetz, Daniel, Ortigoza-Urdaneta, Mario, Osorio, Yeisson, Otter, Justin, Pace, Zachary J., Padilla, Nelson, Pan, Kaike, Pan, Hsi-An, Parikh, Taniya, Parker, James, Peirani, Sebastien, Ramirez, Karla Pena, Penny, Samantha, Percival, Will J., Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Pinsonneault, Marc, Poidevin, Frederick, Poovelil, Vijith Jacob, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., Queiroz, Anna Barbara de Andrade, Raddick, M. Jordan, Ray, Amy, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, Riddle, Nicole, Riffel, Rogemar A., Riffel, Rogerio, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robin, Annie C., Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo, Roman-Lopes, Alexandre, Roman-Zuniga, Carlos, Rose, Benjamin, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Rubin, Kate H. R., Salvato, Mara, Sanchez, Sebastian F., Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R., Sanderson, Robyn, Rojas, Felipe Antonio Santana, Sarceno, Edgar, Sarmiento, Regina, Sayres, Conor, Sazonova, Elizaveta, Schaefer, Adam L., Schiavon, Ricardo, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Donald P., Schultheis, Mathias, Schwope, Axel, Serenelli, Aldo, Serna, Javier, Shao, Zhengyi, Shapiro, Griffin, Sharma, Anubhav, Shen, Yue, Shetrone, Matthew, Shu, Yiping, Simon, Joshua D., Skrutskie, M. F., Smethurst, Rebecca, Smith, Verne, Sobeck, Jennifer, Spoo, Taylor, Sprague, Dani, Stark, David, V, Stassun, Keivan G., Steinmetz, Matthias, Stello, Dennis, Stone-Martinez, Alexander, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, Stringfellow, Guy S., Stutz, Amelia, Su, Yung-Chau, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, Talbot, Michael S., Tayar, Jamie, Telles, Eduardo, Teske, Johanna, Thakar, Ani, Theissen, Christopher, Tkachenko, Andrew, Thomas, Daniel, Tojeiro, Rita, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, Troup, Nicholas W., Trump, Jonathan R., Trussler, James, Turner, Jacqueline, Tuttle, Sarah, Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo, Vazquez-Mata, Jose Antonio, Valentini, Marica, Valenzuela, Octavio, Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Alfaro, Pablo Vera, Villanova, Sandro, Vincenzo, Fiorenzo, Wake, David, Warfield, Jack T., Washington, Jessica Diane, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Weinberg, David H., Weiss, Achim, Westfall, Kyle B., Wild, Vivienne, Wilde, Matthew C., Wilson, John C., Wilson, Robert F., Wilson, Mikayla, Wolf, Julien, Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yan, Renbin, Zamora, Olga, Zasowski, Gail, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Cheng, Zheng, Zheng, Zhu, Kai, Abdurro'uf, Accetta, Katherine, Aerts, Conny, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Ahumada, Romina, Ajgaonkar, Nikhil, Ak, N. Filiz, Alam, Shadab, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Andres, Anders, Friedrich, Anderson, Scott F., Andrews, Brett H., Anguiano, Borja, Aquino-Ortiz, Erik, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Argudo-Fernandez, Maria, Ata, Metin, Aubert, Marie, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, Badenes, Carles, Barba, Rodolfo H., Barger, Kat, Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K., Beaton, Rachael L., Beers, Timothy C., Belfiore, Francesco, Bender, Chad F., Bernardi, Mariangela, Bershady, Matthew A., Beutler, Florian, Bidin, Christian Moni, Bird, Jonathan C., Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blanc, Guillermo A., Blanton, Michael R., Boardman, Nicholas Fraser, Bolton, Adam S., Boquien, Mederic, Borissova, Jura, Bovy, Jo, Brandt, W. N., Brown, Jordan, Brownstein, Joel R., Brusa, Marcella, Buchner, Johannes, Bundy, Kevin, Burchett, Joseph N., Bureau, Martin, Burgasser, Adam, Cabang, Tuesday K., Campbell, Stephanie, Cappellari, Michele, Carlberg, Joleen K., Wanderley, Fabio Carneiro, Carrera, Ricardo, Cash, Jennifer, Chen, Yan-Ping, Chen, Wei-Huai, Cherinka, Brian, Chiappini, Cristina, Choi, Peter Doohyun, Chojnowski, S. Drew, Chung, Haeun, Clerc, Nicolas, Cohen, Roger E., Comerford, Julia M., Comparat, Johan, da Costa, Luiz, Covey, Kevin, Crane, Jeffrey D., Cruz-Gonzalez, Irene, Culhane, Connor, Cunha, Katia, Dai, Y. Sophia, Damke, Guillermo, Darling, Jeremy, Davidson, James W., Jr., Davies, Roger, Dawson, Kyle, De Lee, Nathan, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., Cano-Diaz, Mariana, Sanchez, Helena Dominguez, Donor, John, Duckworth, Chris, Dwelly, Tom, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elsworth, Yvonne P., Emsellem, Eric, Eracleous, Mike, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fan, Xiaohui, Farr, Emily, Feng, Shuai, Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G., Feuillet, Diane, Filipp, Andreas, Fillingham, Sean P., Frinchaboy, Peter M., Fromenteau, Sebastien, Galbany, Lluis, Garcia, Rafael A., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Ge, Junqiang, Geisler, Doug, Gelfand, Joseph, Geron, Tobias, Gibson, Benjamin J., Goddy, Julian, Godoy-Rivera, Diego, Grabowski, Kathleen, Green, Paul J., Greener, Michael, Grier, Catherine J., Griffith, Emily, Guo, Hong, Guy, Julien, Hadjara, Massinissa, Harding, Paul, Hasselquist, Sten, Hayes, Christian R., Hearty, Fred, Hill, Lewis, Hogg, David W., Holtzman, Jon A., Horta, Danny, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, Hsu, Chin-Hao, Hsu, Yun-Hsin, Huber, Daniel, Huertas-Company, Marc, Hutchinson, Brian, Hwang, Ho Seong, Ibarra-Medel, Hector J., Chitham, Jacob Ider, Ilha, Gabriele S., Imig, Julie, Jaekle, Will, Jayasinghe, Tharindu, Ji, Xihan, Johnson, Jennifer A., Jones, Amy, Jönsson, Henrik, Katkov, Ivan, Khalatyan, Arman, Kinemuchi, Karen, Kisku, Shobhit, Knapen, Johan H., Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A., Kong, Miranda, Kounkel, Marina, Kreckel, Kathryn, Krishnarao, Dhanesh, Lacerna, Ivan, Lane, Richard R., Langgin, Rachel, Lavender, Ramon, Law, David R., Lazarz, Daniel, Leung, Henry W., Leung, Ho-Hin, Lewis, Hannah M., Li, Cheng, Li, Ran, Lian, Jianhui, Liang, Fu-Heng, Lin, Lihwai, Lin, Yen-Ting, Lin, Sicheng, Lintott, Chris, Long, Dan, Longa-Pena, Penelope, Lopez-Coba, Carlos, Lu, Shengdong, Lundgren, Britt F., Luo, Yuanze, Mackereth, J. Ted, de la Macorra, Axel, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Majewski, Steven R., Manchado, Arturo, Mandeville, Travis, Maraston, Claudia, Margalef-Bentabol, Berta, Masseron, Thomas, Masters, Karen L., Mathur, Savita, McDermid, Richard M., Mckay, Myles, Merloni, Andrea, Merrifield, Michael, Meszaros, Szabolcs, Miglio, Andrea, Di Mille, Francesco, Minniti, Dante, Minsley, Rebecca, Monachesi, Antonela, Moon, Jeongin, Mosser, Benoit, Mulchaey, John, Muna, Demitri, Munoz, Ricardo R., Myers, Adam D., Myers, Natalie, Nadathur, Seshadri, Nair, Preethi, Nandra, Kirpal, Neumann, Justus, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nidever, David L., Nikakhtar, Farnik, Nitschelm, Christian, O'Connell, Julia E., Garma-Oehmichen, Luis, de Oliveira, Gabriel Luan Souza, Olney, Richard, Oravetz, Daniel, Ortigoza-Urdaneta, Mario, Osorio, Yeisson, Otter, Justin, Pace, Zachary J., Padilla, Nelson, Pan, Kaike, Pan, Hsi-An, Parikh, Taniya, Parker, James, Peirani, Sebastien, Ramirez, Karla Pena, Penny, Samantha, Percival, Will J., Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Pinsonneault, Marc, Poidevin, Frederick, Poovelil, Vijith Jacob, Price-Whelan, Adrian M., Queiroz, Anna Barbara de Andrade, Raddick, M. Jordan, Ray, Amy, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, Riddle, Nicole, Riffel, Rogemar A., Riffel, Rogerio, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robin, Annie C., Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo, Roman-Lopes, Alexandre, Roman-Zuniga, Carlos, Rose, Benjamin, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Rubin, Kate H. R., Salvato, Mara, Sanchez, Sebastian F., Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R., Sanderson, Robyn, Rojas, Felipe Antonio Santana, Sarceno, Edgar, Sarmiento, Regina, Sayres, Conor, Sazonova, Elizaveta, Schaefer, Adam L., Schiavon, Ricardo, Schlegel, David J., Schneider, Donald P., Schultheis, Mathias, Schwope, Axel, Serenelli, Aldo, Serna, Javier, Shao, Zhengyi, Shapiro, Griffin, Sharma, Anubhav, Shen, Yue, Shetrone, Matthew, Shu, Yiping, Simon, Joshua D., Skrutskie, M. F., Smethurst, Rebecca, Smith, Verne, Sobeck, Jennifer, Spoo, Taylor, Sprague, Dani, Stark, David, V, Stassun, Keivan G., Steinmetz, Matthias, Stello, Dennis, Stone-Martinez, Alexander, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, Stringfellow, Guy S., Stutz, Amelia, Su, Yung-Chau, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, Talbot, Michael S., Tayar, Jamie, Telles, Eduardo, Teske, Johanna, Thakar, Ani, Theissen, Christopher, Tkachenko, Andrew, Thomas, Daniel, Tojeiro, Rita, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, Troup, Nicholas W., Trump, Jonathan R., Trussler, James, Turner, Jacqueline, Tuttle, Sarah, Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo, Vazquez-Mata, Jose Antonio, Valentini, Marica, Valenzuela, Octavio, Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Alfaro, Pablo Vera, Villanova, Sandro, Vincenzo, Fiorenzo, Wake, David, Warfield, Jack T., Washington, Jessica Diane, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Weinberg, David H., Weiss, Achim, Westfall, Kyle B., Wild, Vivienne, Wilde, Matthew C., Wilson, John C., Wilson, Robert F., Wilson, Mikayla, Wolf, Julien, Wood-Vasey, W. M., Yan, Renbin, Zamora, Olga, Zasowski, Gail, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Cheng, Zheng, Zheng, and Zhu, Kai

Abstract

This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.

Published
2022
Full Text
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10. SDSS-IV MaNGA: the 'G-dwarf problem' revisited

Author

Greener, Michael J, Merrifield, Michael, Peterken, Thomas, Andrews, Brett, and Lane, Richard R

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The levels of heavy elements in stars are the product of enhancement by previous stellar generations, and the distribution of this metallicity among the population contains clues to the process by which a galaxy formed. Most famously, the “G-dwarf problem” highlighted the small number of low-metallicity G-dwarf stars in the Milky Way, which is inconsistent with the simplest picture of a galaxy formed from a “closed box” of gas. It can be resolved by treating the Galaxy as an open system that accretes gas throughout its life. This observation has classically only been made in the Milky Way, but the availability of high-quality spectral data from SDSS-IV MaNGA and the development of new analysis techniques mean that we can now make equivalent measurements for a large sample of spiral galaxies. Our analysis shows that high-mass spirals generically show a similar deficit of low-metallicity stars, implying that the Milky Way’s history of gas accretion is common. By contrast, low-mass spirals show little sign of a G-dwarf problem, presenting the metallicity distribution that would be expected if such systems evolved as pretty much closed boxes. This distinction can be understood from the differing timescales for star formation in galaxies of differing masses.

Published
2021

13. SDSS-IV MaNGA: spatially resolved dust attenuation in spiral galaxies

Author

Greener, Michael J, primary, Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso, primary, Merrifield, Michael R, primary, Peterken, Thomas G, primary, Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia, primary, Masters, Karen L, primary, Krawczyk, Coleman M, primary, Boardman, Nicholas F, primary, Boquien, Médéric, primary, Andrews, Brett H, primary, Brinkmann, Jonathan, primary, and Drory, Niv, primary

Published
2020
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32. Inflation and the current cost confusion

Author

Greener, Michael

Subjects
Cost accounting -- Scotland, Accounting -- Standards, Assets (Accounting) -- Valuation, Inflation (Finance) -- Accounting and auditing, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Scotland's accounting profession has refused to adopt current cost accounting as the acceptable method for valuing assets during inflationary times, despite governmental pressures, such as the Scottish Treasury's Byatt Report endorsing current cost accounting. Reasons for the failure to adopt current cost accounting are discussed. The primary reason for this refusal is that rising prices in Scotland are not uniform; some industries seem to experience more inflation than others. Other reasons include: the statement issued by the Accounting Standards Steering Committee suggesting that current cost accounting figures be based on the General Index of Retail Prices and be presented in addition to historical cost data; the 364-page 'Inflation Accounting' report issued by the Committee of Enquiry, which served to confuse, rather than clarify, related issues; the inadequacy of the Retail Price Index to depict inflation accurately; the difficulty of maintaining comparability standards from year to year when asset values are restated each year; and the impracticality of reporting valuation differences in the case of borrowed funds as profit. Alternatives to the proposed current cost accounting standards being proposed are suggested and explained by example.

Published
1987

33. Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed dusty star forming galaxies detected by Herschel

Author

Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, Wardlow, Julie, Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, and Wardlow, Julie

Abstract

We present modelling of ∼0.1 arcsec resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array imaging of seven strong gravitationally lensed galaxies detected by the Herschel Space Observatory. Four of these systems are galaxy-galaxy strong lenses, with the remaining three being group-scale lenses. Through careful modelling of visibilities, we infer the mass profiles of the lensing galaxies and by determining the magnification factors, we investigate the intrinsic properties and morphologies of the lensed sub-millimetre sources. We find that these sub-millimetre sources all have ratios of star formation rate to dust mass that are consistent with, or in excess of, the mean ratio for high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies and low redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Reconstructions of the background sources reveal that the majority of our sample display disturbed morphologies. The majority of our lens models have mass density slopes close to isothermal, but some systems show significant differences.

34. The Cosmic Chemical Evolution Histories of Spiral Galaxies

Author

Greener, Michael John and Greener, Michael John

Abstract

Spiral galaxies have always been of particular interest to astronomers ever since it was discovered that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is itself a spiral. Although long-slit spectroscopy of galaxies has been available for over half a century, the recent advent of large-scale integral field unit surveys such as SDSS-IV MaNGA means that spatially resolved spectroscopic observations are now available for thousands of nearby spiral galaxies. In this thesis, we will use data from the MaNGA survey to investigate the fundamental properties and the chemical evolution of spiral galaxies. We begin with an investigation into the spatially resolved dust attenuation of a well-defined sample of star-forming spiral galaxies observed by MaNGA. By making use of software which allows the integrated spectrum of a galaxy to be decomposed into stellar population spectra of single ages and stellar metallicities, we are able to obtain spatially resolved measures of the dust attenuation affecting the stellar populations of the spirals. We compare these measurements with those obtained for the dust attenuation in the gas for the same galaxies, which we derive from analysing emission lines in the galactic spectra. Analysis of the radial profiles of the two dust attenuation measures suggests that there is a disproportionately high concentration of giant molecular clouds (incorporating gas, young stars and clumpy dust) nearer to the centres of star-forming spiral galaxies. We then turn our attention to the main question that this thesis aims to answer: How do the chemical compositions of spiral galaxies change over cosmic time? In order to address this question, we first analyse the stellar metallicity distributions of a large sample of MaNGA galaxies, with a view to addressing the "G-dwarf problem", which essentially states that the small number of low-metallicity G-dwarf stars observed in the Milky Way is inconsistent with the simplest picture of the Galaxy forming from a "closed box" of ga

35. Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed dusty star forming galaxies detected by Herschel

Author

Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, Wardlow, Julie, Maresca, Jacob, Dye, Simon, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis, Bendo, George, Cooray, Asantha, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Dunne, Loretta, Eales, Stephen, Furlanetto, Cristina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Greener, Michael, Ivison, Robert, Lapi, Andrea, Negrello, Mattia, Riechers, Dominik, Serjeant, Stephen, Tergolina, Mônica, and Wardlow, Julie

Abstract

We present modelling of ∼0.1 arcsec resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array imaging of seven strong gravitationally lensed galaxies detected by the Herschel Space Observatory. Four of these systems are galaxy-galaxy strong lenses, with the remaining three being group-scale lenses. Through careful modelling of visibilities, we infer the mass profiles of the lensing galaxies and by determining the magnification factors, we investigate the intrinsic properties and morphologies of the lensed sub-millimetre sources. We find that these sub-millimetre sources all have ratios of star formation rate to dust mass that are consistent with, or in excess of, the mean ratio for high-redshift sub-millimetre galaxies and low redshift ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Reconstructions of the background sources reveal that the majority of our sample display disturbed morphologies. The majority of our lens models have mass density slopes close to isothermal, but some systems show significant differences.

36. The accountant's extraordinary predicament

Author

Greener, Michael

Subjects
Expense accounts -- Accounting and auditing, Business ethics -- Accounting and auditing, Accounting -- Standards, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The Accounting Standards Committee (ASC) has proposed several amendments to standard statement of accounting practice number six, the treatment of extraordinary items in expense accounts. The revised standard does not make published expense accounts more informative, and it adds to the number of variables which make reports incompatible. One area of confusion concerns reorganization. The ASC recommends that losses from the disposal of a business be shown as an extraordinary item, but it does not make a clear distinction between exceptional items and extraordinary items.

Published
1988

37. The bomb in the balance sheet

Author

Greener, Michael

Subjects
Accounting -- United Kingdom, Brand name products -- Accounting and auditing, Intangible property -- Accounting and auditing, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Members of the Auditing Standards Committee oppose the incorporation of intangible assets into published accounts due to: the fact that valuation figures are arbitrary; the fact that balance sheets are not summaries of corporate worth; and the fact that the inclusion of arbitrary figures is misleading and debases the value of the balance sheet. Computation of fair value of brand names is difficult but must be done in order to avoid the undervaluation of assets. To ascertain the return on assets by management, shareholders must know the totality of the asset base that is used. However, shareholders should be aware that companies incorporating intangible assets may inadvertently display an inadequate return on assets to company stockholders.

Published
1989

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