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2. Backward Joint Model for the Dynamic Prediction of Both Competing Risk and Longitudinal Outcomes

Author

Li, Wenhao, Astor, Brad C., Yang, Wei, Greene, Tom H., and Li, Liang

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Joint modeling is a useful approach to dynamic prediction of clinical outcomes using longitudinally measured predictors. When the outcomes are competing risk events, fitting the conventional shared random effects joint model often involves intensive computation, especially when multiple longitudinal biomarkers are be used as predictors, as is often desired in prediction problems. This paper proposes a new joint model for the dynamic prediction of competing risk outcomes. The model factorizes the likelihood into the distribution of the competing risks data and the distribution of longitudinal data given the competing risks data. It extends the basic idea of the recently published backward joint model (BJM) to the competing risk setting, and we call this model crBJM. This model also enables the prediction of future longitudinal data trajectories conditional on being at risk at a future time, a practically important problem that has not been studied in the statistical literature. The model fitting with the EM algorithm is efficient, stable and computationally fast, with a one-dimensional integral in the E-step and convex optimization for most parameters in the M-step, regardless of the number of longitudinal predictors. The model also comes with a consistent albeit less efficient estimation method that can be quickly implemented with standard software, ideal for model building and diagnostics. We study the numerical properties of the proposed method using simulations and illustrate its use in a chronic kidney disease study.

Published
2023

3. Recovering simulated planet and disk signals using SCALES aperture masking

Author

Lach, Mackenzie, Sallum, Steph, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zackery, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, de Kleer, Katherine, Liu, Michael, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel, Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, de Pater, Imke, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew, Spilker, Justin, Stelter, Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) instrument is a lenslet-based integral field spectrograph that will operate at 2 to 5 microns, imaging and characterizing colder (and thus older) planets than current high-contrast instruments. Its spatial resolution for distant science targets and/or close-in disks and companions could be improved via interferometric techniques such as sparse aperture masking. We introduce a nascent Python package, NRM-artist, that we use to design several SCALES masks to be non-redundant and to have uniform coverage in Fourier space. We generate high-fidelity mock SCALES data using the scalessim package for SCALES' low spectral resolution modes across its 2 to 5 micron bandpass. We include realistic noise from astrophysical and instrument sources, including Keck adaptive optics and Poisson noise. We inject planet and disk signals into the mock datasets and subsequently recover them to test the performance of SCALES sparse aperture masking and to determine the sensitivity of various mask designs to different science signals.

Published
2023
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4. Simulating medium-spectral-resolution exoplanet characterization with SCALES angular/reference differential imaging

Author

Desai, Aditi, Sallum, Stephanie E., Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Mike, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew J., Spilker, Justin, Stelter, R. Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

SCALES (Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy) is a 2 - 5 micron high-contrast lenslet-based integral field spectrograph (IFS) designed to characterize exoplanets and their atmospheres. The SCALES medium-spectral-resolution mode uses a lenslet subarray with a 0.34 x 0.36 arcsecond field of view which allows for exoplanet characterization at increased spectral resolution. We explore the sensitivity limitations of this mode by simulating planet detections in the presence of realistic noise sources. We use the SCALES simulator scalessim to generate high-fidelity mock observations of planets that include speckle noise from their host stars, as well as other atmospheric and instrumental noise effects. We employ both angular and reference differential imaging as methods of disentangling speckle noise from the injected planet signals. These simulations allow us to assess the feasibility of speckle deconvolution for SCALES medium resolution data, and to test whether one approach outperforms another based on planet angular separations and contrasts.

Published
2023

5. The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES): driving science cases and expected outcomes

Author

Sallum, Steph, Skemer, Andrew, Stelter, Deno, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Kupke, Renate, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Michael C., Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sethuram, Ramya, Sheehan, Patrick, Spilker, Justin, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Unni, Athira, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) is a $2-5~\mu$m, high-contrast integral field spectrograph (IFS) currently being built for Keck Observatory. With both low ($R\lesssim250$) and medium ($R\sim3500-7000$) spectral resolution IFS modes, SCALES will detect and characterize significantly colder exoplanets than those accessible with near-infrared ($\sim1-2~\mu$m) high-contrast spectrographs. This will lead to new progress in exoplanet atmospheric studies, including detailed characterization of benchmark systems that will advance the state of the art of atmospheric modeling. SCALES' unique modes, while designed specifically for direct exoplanet characterization, will enable a broader range of novel (exo)planetary observations as well as galactic and extragalactic studies. Here we present the science cases that drive the design of SCALES. We describe an end-to-end instrument simulator that we use to track requirements, and show simulations of expected science yields for each driving science case. We conclude with a discussion of preparations for early science when the instrument sees first light in $\sim2025$., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Proceedings of the SPIE

Published
2023

8. An Efficient Approach for Optimizing the Cost-effective Individualized Treatment Rule Using Conditional Random Forest

Author

Xu, Yizhe, Greene, Tom H., Bress, Adam P., Bellows, Brandon K., Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Zugui, Kolm, Paul, Weintraub, William S., Moran, Andrew S., and Shen, Jincheng

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Economics - General Economics, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

Evidence from observational studies has become increasingly important for supporting healthcare policy making via cost-effectiveness (CE) analyses. Similar as in comparative effectiveness studies, health economic evaluations that consider subject-level heterogeneity produce individualized treatment rules (ITRs) that are often more cost-effective than one-size-fits-all treatment. Thus, it is of great interest to develop statistical tools for learning such a cost-effective ITR (CE-ITR) under the causal inference framework that allows proper handling of potential confounding and can be applied to both trials and observational studies. In this paper, we use the concept of net-monetary-benefit (NMB) to assess the trade-off between health benefits and related costs. We estimate CE-ITR as a function of patients' characteristics that, when implemented, optimizes the allocation of limited healthcare resources by maximizing health gains while minimizing treatment-related costs. We employ the conditional random forest approach and identify the optimal CE-ITR using NMB-based classification algorithms, where two partitioned estimators are proposed for the subject-specific weights to effectively incorporate information from censored individuals. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our proposals. We apply our top-performing algorithm to the NIH-funded Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) to illustrate the CE gains of assigning customized intensive blood pressure therapy., Comment: Submitted to Statistical Methods in Medical Research

Published
2022

9. A meta-analysis of GFR slope as a surrogate endpoint for kidney failure

Author

Inker, Lesley A., Collier, Willem, Greene, Tom, Miao, Shiyuan, Chaudhari, Juhi, Appel, Gerald B., Badve, Sunil V., Caravaca-Fontán, Fernando, Del Vecchio, Lucia, Floege, Jürgen, Goicoechea, Marian, Haaland, Benjamin, Herrington, William G., Imai, Enyu, Jafar, Tazeen H., Lewis, Julia B., Li, Philip K. T., Maes, Bart D., Neuen, Brendon L., Perrone, Ronald D., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Schena, Francesco P., Wanner, Christoph, Wetzels, Jack F. M., Woodward, Mark, and Heerspink, Hiddo J. L.

Published
2023
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12. Deep Learning–Based Automated Imaging Classification of ADPKD

Author

Steinman, Theodore, Wei, Jesse, Czarnecki, Peter, Pedrosa, Ivan, Braun, William, Nurko, Saul, Remer, Erick, Chapman, Arlene, Martin, Diego, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Mittal, Pardeep, Torres, Vicente, Hogan, Marie C., El-Zoghby, Ziad, Harris, Peter, Glockner, James, King, Bernard, Jr., Perrone, Ronald, Halin, Neil, Miskulin, Dana, Schrier, Robert, Brosnahan, Godela, Gitomer, Berenice, Kelleher, Cass, Masoumi, Amirali, Patel, Nayana, Winklhofer, Franz, Grantham, Jared, Yu, Alan, Wang, Connie, Wetzel, Louis, Moore, Charity G., Bost, James E., Bae, Kyongtae, Abebe, Kaleab Z., Miller, J. Philip, Thompson, Paul A., Briggs, Josephine, Flessner, Michael, Meyers, Catherine M., Star, Robert, Shayman, James, Henrich, William, Greene, Tom, Leonard, Mary, McCullough, Peter, Moe, Sharon, Rocco, Michael, Wendler, David, Kim, Youngwoo, Bu, Seonah, Tao, Cheng, and Bae, Kyongtae T.

Published
2024
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18. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials for implications of acute treatment effects on glomerular filtration rate for long-term kidney protection

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Eddington, Devin, Chaudhari, Juhi, Estacio, Raymond, Imai, Enyu, Goicoechea, Marian, Hannedouche, Thierry, Haynes, Richard, Jafar, Tazeen H., Johnson, David W., van Kruijsdijk, Rob C.M., Lewis, Julia B., Li, Philip K.T., Neuen, Brendon L., Perrone, Ronald D., Ruggenenti, Piero, Wanner, Christoph, Woodward, Mark, Xie, Di, Greene, Tom, and Inker, Lesley A.

Published
2024
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19. New Creatinine- and Cystatin C–Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race

Author

Inker, Lesley A, Eneanya, Nwamaka D, Coresh, Josef, Tighiouart, Hocine, Wang, Dan, Sang, Yingying, Crews, Deidra C, Doria, Alessandro, Estrella, Michelle M, Froissart, Marc, Grams, Morgan E, Greene, Tom, Grubb, Anders, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gutiérrez, Orlando M, Kalil, Roberto, Karger, Amy B, Mauer, Michael, Navis, Gerjan, Nelson, Robert G, Poggio, Emilio D, Rodby, Roger, Rossing, Peter, Rule, Andrew D, Selvin, Elizabeth, Seegmiller, Jesse C, Shlipak, Michael G, Torres, Vicente E, Yang, Wei, Ballew, Shoshana H, Couture, Sara J, Powe, Neil R, and Levey, Andrew S

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Prevention, Renal and urogenital, Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Black People, Creatinine, Cystatin C, Datasets as Topic, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Racial Groups, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, United States, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundCurrent equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct.MethodsWe developed new eGFR equations without race using data from two development data sets: 10 studies (8254 participants, 31.5% Black) for serum creatinine and 13 studies (5352 participants, 39.7% Black) for both serum creatinine and cystatin C. In a validation data set of 12 studies (4050 participants, 14.3% Black), we compared the accuracy of new eGFR equations to measured GFR. We projected the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and GFR stages in a sample of U.S. adults, using current and new equations.ResultsIn the validation data set, the current creatinine equation that uses age, sex, and race overestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 5.4) and to a lesser degree in non-Blacks (median, 0.5 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.9). When the adjustment for Black race was omitted from the current eGFR equation, measured GFR in Blacks was underestimated (median, 7.1 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, 5.9 to 8.8). A new equation using age and sex and omitting race underestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.6 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 5.5) and overestimated measured GFR in non-Blacks (median, 3.9 ml per minute per 1.73 m2; 95% CI, 3.4 to 4.4). For all equations, 85% or more of the eGFRs for Blacks and non-Blacks were within 30% of measured GFR. New creatinine-cystatin C equations without race were more accurate than new creatinine equations, with smaller differences between race groups. As compared with the current creatinine equation, the new creatinine equations, but not the new creatinine-cystatin C equations, increased population estimates of CKD prevalence among Blacks and yielded similar or lower prevalence among non-Blacks.ConclusionsNew eGFR equations that incorporate creatinine and cystatin C but omit race are more accurate and led to smaller differences between Black participants and non-Black participants than new equations without race with either creatinine or cystatin C alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.).

Published
2021

22. A New Panel-Estimated GFR, Including β2-Microglobulin and β-Trace Protein and Not Including Race, Developed in a Diverse Population

Author

Inker, Lesley A, Couture, Sara J, Tighiouart, Hocine, Abraham, Alison G, Beck, Gerald J, Feldman, Harold I, Greene, Tom, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Karger, Amy B, Eckfeldt, John H, Kasiske, Bertram L, Mauer, Michael, Navis, Gerjan, Poggio, Emilio D, Rossing, Peter, Shlipak, Michael G, Levey, Andrew S, Collaborators, CKD-EPI GFR, Andresdottir, Margret B, Gudmundsdottir, Hrefna, Indridason, Olafur S, Palsson, Runolfur, Kimmel, Paul, Weir, Matt, Kalil, Roberto, Pesavento, Todd, Porter, Anna, Taliercio, Jonathan, Hsu, Chi-yuan, Chen, Jing, Sinkeler, Steef, Wyatt, Christina, Krishnasami, Zipporah, Hellinger, James, Margolick, Joseph, Kingsley, Lawrence, Witt, Mallory, Wolinsky, Steven, Shafi, Tariq, Post, Wendy, Doria, Alessandro, and Parving, Hans-Henrik

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Renal and urogenital, Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black People, Case-Control Studies, Chromium Radioisotopes, Creatinine, Cystatin C, Edetic Acid, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases, Iohexol, Iothalamic Acid, Lipocalins, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, White People, Young Adult, beta 2-Microglobulin, CKD-EPI GFR Collaborators, African American, Black race, GFR estimation, Glomerular filtration rate, bias, creatinine, cystatin C, estimating equations, filtration marker, kidney disease diagnosis, laboratory testing, race, race-based medicine, renal function, β(2)-microglobulin, β-trace protein, Public Health and Health Services, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale and objectiveGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation based on creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) is more accurate than estimated GFR (eGFR) based on creatinine or cystatin C alone (eGFRcr or eGFRcys, respectively), but the inclusion of creatinine in eGFRcr-cys requires specification of a person's race. β2-Microglobulin (B2M) and β-trace protein (BTP) are alternative filtration markers that appear to be less influenced by race than creatinine is.Study designStudy of diagnostic test accuracy.Setting and participantsDevelopment in a pooled population of 7 studies with 5,017 participants with and without chronic kidney disease. External validation in a pooled population of 7 other studies with 2,245 participants.Tests comparedPanel eGFR using B2M and BTP in addition to cystatin C (3-marker panel) or creatinine and cystatin C (4-marker panel) with and without age and sex or race.OutcomesGFR measured as the urinary clearance of iothalamate, plasma clearance of iohexol, or plasma clearance of [51Cr]EDTA.ResultsMean measured GFRs were 58.1 and 83.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, and the proportions of Black participants were 38.6% and 24.0%, in the development and validation populations, respectively. In development, addition of age and sex improved the performance of all equations compared with equations without age and sex, but addition of race did not further improve the performance. In validation, the 4-marker panels were more accurate than the 3-marker panels (P < 0.001). The 3-marker panel without race was more accurate than eGFRcys (percentage of estimates greater than 30% different from measured GFR [1 - P30] of 15.6% vs 17.4%; P = 0.01), and the 4-marker panel without race was as accurate as eGFRcr-cys (1 - P30 of 8.6% vs 9.4%; P = 0.2). Results were generally consistent across subgroups.LimitationsNo representation of participants with severe comorbid illness and from geographic areas outside of North America and Europe.ConclusionsThe 4-marker panel eGFR is as accurate as eGFRcr-cys without requiring specification of race. A more accurate race-free eGFR could be an important advance.

Published
2021

24. Kidney and Cardiovascular Effects of Canagliflozin According to Age and Sex: A Post Hoc Analysis of the CREDENCE Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Perkovic, Vlado, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Agarwal, Rajiv, Bakris, George, Brenner, Barry M., Cannon, Christopher P., Charytan, David M., de Zeeuw, Dick, Greene, Tom, Jardine, Meg J., Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Levin, Adeera, Meininger, Gary, Neal, Bruce, Pollock, Carol, Wheeler, David C., Zhang, Hong, Zinman, Bernard, Jardine, Meg, Li, Nicole, Kolesnyk, Inna, Aizenberg, Diego, Pecoits-Filho, Roberto, Cherney, David, Obrador, Gregorio, Chertow, Glenn, Chang, Tara, Hawley, Carmel, Ji, Linong, Wada, Takashi, Jha, Vivekanand, Lim, Soo Kun, Lim-Abrahan, Mary Anne, Santos, Florence, Chae, Dong-Wan, Hwang, Shang-Jyh, Vazelov, Evgueniy, Rychlík, Ivan, Hadjadj, Samy, Krane, Vera, Rosivall, László, De Nicola, Luca, Dreval, Alexander, Nowicki, Michał, Schiller, Adalbert, Distiller, Larry, Górriz, Jose L., Kolesnyk, Mykola, David, Wheeler, C., Guerrero, Rodolfo Andres Ahuad, Albisu, Juan Pablo, Alvarisqueta, Andres, Bartolacci, Ines, Berli, Mario Alberto, Bordonava, Anselmo, Calella, Pedro, Cantero, Maria Cecilia, Cartasegna, Luis Rodolfo, Cercos, Esteban, Coloma, Gabriela Cecilia, Colombo, Hugo, Commendatore, Victor, Cuadrado, Jesus, Cuneo, Carlos Alberto, Cusumano, Ana Maria, Douthat, Walter Guillermo, Dran, Ricardo Dario, Farias, Eduardo, Fernandez, Maria Florencia, Finkelstein, Hernan, Fragale, Guillermo, Fretes, Jose Osvaldo, Garcia, Nestor Horacio, Gastaldi, Anibal, Gelersztein, Elizabeth, Glenny, Jorge Archibaldo, Gonzalez, Joaquin Pablo, Colaso, Patricia del Carmen Gonzalez, Goycoa, Claudia, Greloni, Gustavo Cristian, Guinsburg, Adrian, Hermida, Sonia, Juncos, Luis Isaias, Klyver, Maria Isabel, Kraft, Florencia, Krynski, Fernando, Lanchiotti, Paulina Virginia, Leon de la Fuente, Ricardo Alfonso, Marchetta, Nora, Mele, Pablo, Nicolai, Silvia, Novoa, Pablo Antonio, Orio, Silvia Ines, Otreras, Fabian, Oviedo, Alejandra, Raffaele, Pablo, Resk, Jorge Hector, Rista, Lucas, Papini, Nelson Rodriguez, Sala, Jorgelina, Santos, Juan Carlos, Schiavi, Lilia Beatriz, Sessa, Horacio, Casabella, Tomas Smith, Ulla, Maria Rosa, Valdez, Maria, Vallejos, Augusto, Villarino, Adriana, Visco, Virginia Esther, Wassermann, Alfredo, Zaidman, Cesar Javier, Cheung, Ngai Wah, Droste, Carolyn, Fraser, Ian, Johnson, David, Mah, Peak Mann, Nicholls, Kathy, Packham, David, Proietto, Joseph, Roberts, Anthony, Roger, Simon, Tsang, Venessa, Raduan, Roberto Abrão, Costa, Fernando Augusto Alves da, Amodeo, Celso, Turatti, Luiz Alberto Andreotti, Bregman, Rachel, Sanches, Fernanda Cristina Camelo, Canani, Luis Henrique, Chacra, Antônio Roberto, Borges, João Lindolfo Cunha, Vêncio, Sérgio Alberto Cunha, Franco, Roberto Jorge da Silva, d’Avila, Domingos, Portes, Evandro de Souza, de Souza, Pedro, Deboni, Luciane Mônica, Fraige Filho, Fadlo, Neto, Bruno Geloneze, Gomes, Marcus, Kohara, Suely Keiko, Keitel, Elizete, Saraiva, Jose Francisco Kerr, Lisboa, Hugo Roberto Kurtz, Contieri, Fabiana Loss de Carvalho, Milagres, Rosângela, Junior, Renan Montenegro, de Brito, Claudia Moreira, Hissa, Miguel Nasser, Sabbag, Ângela Regina Nazario, Noronha, Irene, Panarotto, Daniel, Filho, Roberto Pecoits, Pereira, Márcio Antônio, Saporito, Wladmir, Scotton, Antonio Scafuto, Schuch, Tiago, de Almeida, Roberto Simões, Ramos, Cássio Slompo, Felício, João Soares, Thomé, Fernando, Hachmann, Jean Carlo Tibes, Yamada, Sérgio, Hayashida, Cesar Yoiti, Petry, Tarissa Beatrice Zanata, Zanella, Maria Teresa, Andreeva, Viktoria, Angelova, Angelina, Dimitrov, Stefan, Genadieva, Veselka, Genova-Hristova, Gabriela, Hristozov, Kiril, Kamenov, Zdravko, Koundurdjiev, Atanas, Lozanov, Lachezar, Margaritov, Viktor, Nonchev, Boyan, Rangelov, Rangel, Shinkov, Alexander, Temelkova, Margarita, Velichkova, Ekaterina, Yakov, Andrian, Aggarwal, Naresh, Aronson, Ronnie, Bajaj, Harpreet, Chouinard, Guy, Conway, James, Cournoyer, Serge, DaRoza, Gerald, De Serres, Sacha, Dubé, François, Goldenberg, Ronald, Gupta, Anil, Gupta, Milan, Henein, Sam, Khandwala, Hasnain, Leiter, Lawrence, Madore, François, McMahon, Alan, Muirhead, Norman, Pichette, Vincent, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Steele, Andrew, Tangri, Navdeep, Torshizi, Ali, Woo, Vincent, Zalunardo, Nadia, Montenegro, María Alicia Fernández, Gonzalo Godoy Jorquera, Juan, Fariña, Marcelo Medina, Gajardo, Victor Saavedra, Vejar, Margarita, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Gan, Shenglian, Kong, Yaozhong, Li, Detian, Li, Wenge, Li, Xuemei, Lin, Hongli, Liu, Jian, Lu, Weiping, Mao, Hong, Ren, Yan, Song, Weihong, Sun, Jiao, Sun, Lin, Tu, Ping, Wang, Guixia, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Yu, Xueqing, Zhao, Minghui, Zheng, Hongguang, Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini, Arcos, Edgar, Avendano, Jorge, Diaz Ruiz, Jorge Ernesto Andres, Ortiz, Luis Hernando Garcia, Gonzalez, Alexander, Triana, Eric Hernandez, Higuera, Juan Diego, Malaver, Natalia, de Salazar, Dora Inés Molina, Rosero, Ricardo, Alexandra Terront Lozano, Monica, Cometa, Luis Valderrama, Valenzuela, Alex, Vargas Alonso, Ruben Dario, Villegas, Ivan, Yupanqui, Hernan, Bartaskova, Dagmar, Barton, Petr, Belobradkova, Jana, Dohnalova, Lenka, Drasnar, Tomas, Ferkl, Richard, Halciakova, Katarina, Klokocnikova, Vera, Kovar, Richard, Lastuvka, Jiri, Lukac, Martin, Pesickova, Satu, Peterka, Karel, Pumprla, Jiri, Rychlik, Ivan, Saudek, Frantisek, Tesar, Vladimir, Valis, Martin, Weiner, Pavel, Zemek, Stanislav, Alamartine, Eric, Borot, Sophie, Cariou, Bertrand, Dussol, Bertrand, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gourdy, Pierre, Klein, Alexandre, Le Meur, Yannick, Penfornis, Alfred, Roussel, Ronan, Saulnier, Pierre-Jean, Thervet, Eric, Zaoui, Philippe, Burst, Volker, Faghih, Markus, Faulmann, Grit, Haller, Hermann, Jerwan-Keim, Reinhold, Maxeiner, Stephan, Paschen, Björn, Plassmann, Georg, Rose, Ludger, Gonzalez Orellana, Ronaldo Arturo, Haase, Franklin Paul, Moreira Diaz, Juan Pablo, Ramirez Roca, Luis Alberto, Sánchez Arenales, Jose Antonio, Sanchez Polo, José Vicente, Juarez, Erick Turcios, Csecsei, Gyongyi, Csiky, Botond, Danos, Peter, Deak, Laszlo, Dudas, Mihaly, Harcsa, Eleonora, Keltai, Katalin, Keresztesi, Sandor, Kiss, Krisztian, Konyves, Laszlo, Major, Lajos, Mileder, Margit, Molnar, Marta, Mucsi, Janos, Oroszlan, Tamas, Ory, Ivan, Paragh, Gyorgy, Peterfai, Eva, Petro, Gizella, Revesz, Katalin, Takacs, Robert, Vangel, Sandor, Vasas, Szilard, Zsom, Marianna, Abraham, Oomman, Bhushan, Raju Sree, Deepak, Dewan, Edwin, Fernando M., Gopalakrishnan, Natarajan, Gracious, Noble, Hansraj, Alva, Jain, Dinesh, Keshavamurthy, C.B., Khullar, Dinesh, Manisha, Sahay, Peringat, Jayameena, Prasad, Narayan, Satyanarayana, Rao K., Sreedhar, Reddy, Sreelatha, Melemadathil, Sudhakar, Bhimavarapu, Chandra Vyasam, Ramesh, Bonadonna, Riccardo, Castellino, Pietro, Ceriello, Antonio, Chiovato, Luca, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Carlo, Alberto, Di Cianni, Graziano, Frascà, Giovanni, Fuiano, Giorgio, Gambaro, Giovanni, Garibotto, Giacomo, Giorda, Carlo, Malberti, Fabio, Mandreoli, Marcora, Mannucci, Edoardo, Orsi, Emanuela, Piatti, Piermarco, Santoro, Domenico, Sasso, Ferdinando Carlo, Serviddio, Gaetano, Stella, Andrea, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Zanoli, Luca, Akiyama, Hitoshi, Aoki, Hiromi, Asano, Akimichi, Iitsuka, Tadashi, Kajiyama, Shizuo, Kashine, Susumu, Kawada, Toshio, Kodera, Takamoto, Kono, Hiroshi, Koyama, Kazunori, Kumeda, Yasuro, Miyauchi, Shozo, Mizuyama, Kazuyuki, Niiya, Tetsuji, Oishi, Hiroko, Ota, Satoshi, Sakakibara, Terue, Takai, Masahiko, Tomonaga, Osamu, Tsujimoto, Mitsuru, Wakasugi, Masakiyo, Wakida, Yasushi, Watanabe, Takayuki, Yamada, Masayo, Yanagida, Kazuhiro, Yanase, Toshihiko, Yumita, Wataru, Gaupsiene, Egle, Kozloviene, Dalia, Navickas, Antanas, Urbanaviciene, Egle, Abdul Ghani, Rohana, Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Ali, Norsiah, Che Yusof, Mohd Daud, Gan, Chye Lee, Ismail, Mastura, Kong, Wei Yen, Lam, Swee Win, Lee, Li Yuan, Loh, Chek Loong, Manocha, Anita Bhajan, Ng, Kee Sing, Ahmad, Nik Nur Fatnoon Nik, Ratnasingam, Vanassa, Shudim, Saiful Shahrizal Bin, Vengadasalam, Paranthaman, Abraira Munoz, Luis David, Salazar, Melchor Alpizar, Cruz, Juan Baas, Soto, Mario Burgos, Ramos, Jose Chevaile, Wong, Alfredo Chew, Correa Rotter, Jose Ricardo, Escalante, Tonatiu Diaz, Enriquez Sosa, Favio Edmundo, Lozano, Fernando Flores, Flota Cervera, Luis Fernando, Baron, Paul Frenk, Ballesteros, Cecilia Garcia, Gomez Rangel, Jose David, Herrera Jimenez, Luis Enrique, Irizar Santana, Sergio Saul, Flores, Fernando Jimenez, Molina, Hugo Laviada, Luna Ceballos, Rosa Isela, del Campo Blanco, Belia Martin, Franco, Guadalupe Morales, Moreno Loza, Oscar Tarsicio, Rocha, Cynthia Mustieles, Vera, Gregorio Obrador, Castellanos, Ricardo Orozco, Calcaneo, Juan Peralta, Reyes Rosano, Miguel Angel, Pattzi, Hiromi Rodriguez, Guzman, Juan Rosas, Rucker Joerg, Isabel Erika, Saavedra Sanchez, Sandra Berenice, Sanchez Mijangos, Jose Hector, Sanson, Pablo Serrano, Tamayo y Orozco, Juan Alfredo, Chavez, Eloisa Tellez, Cepeda, Alejandro Valdes, Carrillo, Luis Venegas, Mesa, Juan Villagordoa, Escobedo, Rolando Zamarripa, Baker, John, Noonan, Paul, Scott, Russell, Walker, Robert, Watson, Edward, Williams, Michael, Young, Simon, Abejuela, Zaynab, Agra, Jeimeen, Aquitania, Grace, Caringal, Clodoaido, Comia, Rhea Severina, Santos, Lalaine Delos, Gomez, Olivert, Jimeno, Cecilia, Tan, Gerry, Tolentino, Marsha, Yao, Christy, Yap, Yvette Ethel, Lallaine Ygpuara, Ma. Dovie, Bijata-Bronisz, Renata, Hotlos, Lucyna, Januszewicz, Andrzej, Kaczmarek, Barbara, Kaminska, Anna, Lazuka, Lech, Madej, Andrzej, Mazur, Stanislaw, Mlodawska-Choluj, Dorota, Nowicki, Michal, Orlowska-Kowalik, Grazyna, Popenda, Grazyna, Rewerska, Barbara, Sowinski, Dariusz, Angelescu, Liliana Monica, Anghel, Veronica, Avram, Rodica-Ioana, Busegeanu, Mihaela-Magdalena, Cif, Adriana, Cosma, Dana, Crisan, Carmen, Demian, Luiza Despina, Ferariu, Ioana Emilia, Halmagyi, Ildiko, Hancu, Nicolae, Munteanu, Mircea, Negru, Doru, Onaca, Adriana Gabriela, Petrica, Ligia, Popa, Amorin Remus, Ranetti, Aurelian-Emil, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Toarba, Cristina, Agafyina, Alina, Barbarash, Olga, Barysheva, Olga, Chizhov, Daniil, Dobronravov, Vladimir, Glinkina, Irina, Grineva, Elena, Khirmanov, Vladimir, Kolmakova, Elena, Koroleva, Tatiana, Kvitkova, Liudmila, Marasaev, Viacheslav, Mkrtumyan, Ashot, Morugova, Tatiana, Nagibovich, Galina, Nagibovich, Oleg, Nedogoda, Sergei, Osipova, Irina, Raskina, Tatiana, Samoylova, Yulia, Sazonova, Olga, Shamkhalova, Minara, Shutemova, Elena, Shwartz, Yuriy, Uriasyev, Oleg, Vorobyev, Sergey, Zateyshchikova, Anna, Zateyshshikov, Dmitry, Zykova, Tatyana, Antic, Slobodan, Djordjevic, Miodrag, Kendereski, Aleksandra, Lalic, Katarina, Lalic, Nebojsa, Popovic-Radinovic, Vesna, Babikova, Jana, Benusova, Olga, Buganova, Ingrid, Culak, Jan, Dzupina, Andrej, Dzuponova, Jana, Fulop, Peter, Ilavska, Adriana, Martinka, Emil, Ochodnicka, Zuzana, Pella, Daniel, Smatanova, Iveta, Ahmed, Fayzal, Badat, Aysha, Breedt, Johannes, Distiller, Lawrence, Govender, Vimladhevi, Govender, Ravendran, Joshi, Mukesh, Jurgens, Jaco, Latiff, Gulam, Lombard, Landman, Mookadam, Mohamed, Ngcakani, Nomangesi, Nortje, Hendrik, Oosthuizen, Helena, Pillay-Ramaya, Larisha, Prozesky, Hans, Reddy, Jeevren, Rheeder, Paul, Seeber, Mary, Cho, Young Min, Jeong, In-Kyung, Kim, Sin Gon, Kim, Yeong Hoon, Kwon, Hyuk-Sang, Kwon, Min Jeong, Lee, Byung-Wan, Lee, JungEun, Lee, Moon-Kyu, Nam, Moon-Suk, Oh, Kook-Hwan, Park, Cheol- Young, Park, Sun-Hee, Yoon, Kun Ho, Garcia, Pere Alvarez, Mercadal, Luis Asmarats, Barrios, Clara, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Guldris, Secundino Cigarran, Lopez, Marta Dominguez, Egido de los Rios, Jesus, Fresnedo, Gema Fernandez, Serrano, Antonio Galan, Garcia, Isabel, Gonzalez Martinez, Francisco Javier, Jodar Gimeno, Jose Esteban, Mendoza, Manuel Lopez, Marin, Tamara Malek, Portillo, Cristobal Morales, Munar Vila, Maria Antonia, Torres, Manuel Muñoz, Iglesias, Javier Nieto, Perez, Jonay Pantoja, Vera, Merce Perez, Portoles Perez, Jose M., Quesada Simón, María Angustias, Canonge, Rafael Simo, Gonzalez, Alfonso Soto, Riera, Manel Terns, Tinahones Madueno, Francisco Jose, Plaza, Mercedes Velo, Chang, Chwen-Tzuei, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Hsia, Te-Lin, Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Lin, Chih-Ching, Lu, Yung- Chuan, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Barna, Olga, Bilyk, Svitlana D., Botsyurko, Volodymyr, Dudar, Iryna, Fushtey, Ivan, Godlevska, Olga, Golovchenko, Oleksandr, Gyrina, Olga, Kazmirchuk, Anatoliy, Komisarenko, Iuliia, Korzh, Oleksii, Kravchun, Nonna, Legun, Oleg, Mankovskyy, Borys, Martynyuk, Liliya, Mostovoy, Yuriy, Pashkovska, Nataliia, Pererva, Larysa, Pertseva, Tetyana, Samoylov, Oleksandr, Smirnov, Ivan, Svyshchenko, Yevgeniya, Tomashkevych, Halyna, Topchii, Ivan, Tryshchuk, Nadiya, Tseluyko, Vira, Vizir, Vadym, Vlasenko, Maryna, Zlova, Tetiana, Zub, Liliia, Abusnana, Salah, Railey, Mohamed, Abouglila, Kamal, Ainsworth, Paul, Ali, Zishan, Arutchelvam, Vijayaraman, Barnard, Maria, Bellary, Srikanth, Davies, Emyr, Davies, Mark, Davies, Simon, Dawson, Alison, El Kossi, Mohsen, English, Patrick, Fraser, Donald, Gnudi, Luigi, Gunstone, Anthony, Hall, Timothy, Hanif, Wasim, Jackson, Alan, Johnson, Andrew, Joseph, Franklin, Krishnan, Singhan, Kumwenda, Mick, MacDougall, Iain, Nixon, Paul, O'Hare, Joseph, Philip, Sam, Ramtoola, Shenaz, Saxena, Manish, Sennik, Davesh, Simon, Godwin, Singh, Baldev, Stephens, Jeffrey, Strzelecka, Anna, Symonds, Rehan, Turner, Wayne, Wahba, Mona, Wakeling, John, Wheeler, David, Winocour, Peter, Abdallah, Joseph, Abdullah, Raied, Abramowitz, Matthew, Acosta, Idalia, Aiello, Joseph, Akright, Laura, Akyea-Djamson, Ayim, Alappan, Rajendran, Alicic, Radica, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Allison, Dale Crawford, Arauz-Pacheco, Carlos, Arfeen, Shahabul, Arif, Ahmed, Arvind, Moogali, Atray, Naveen, Awad, Ahmed, Barnhill, Peggy, Barranco, Elizabeth, Barrera, Carlos, Beacom, Matthew, Behara, Venkata, Belo, Diogo, Bentley-Lewis, Rhonda, Berenguer, Ramon, Bermudez, Lidia, Bernardo, Marializa, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Bowman-Stroud, Cynthia, Brandon, Donald, Brusco, Osvaldo, Busch, Robert, Canaan, Yamil, Chilito, Alicia, Christensen, Tom, Christiano, Cynthia, Christofides, Elena, Chuateco, Caroucel, Cohen, Kenneth, Cohen, Robert, Cohen-Stein, Debbie, Cook, Charles, Coyne, Daniel, Daboul, Nizar, Darwish, Riad, Daswani, Adarsh, Deck, Kenneth, Desouza, Cyrus, Dev, Devasmita, Dhillon, Monika, Dua, Sohan, Eder, Frank, Elosegui, Ana Maria, El-Shahawy, Mohamed, Ervin, John, Esquenazi, Alberto, Evans, John, Fishbane, Steven, Frias, Juan, Galindo-Ramos, Eugenia, Galphin, Claude, Ghazi, Adline, Gonzalez, Enrique, Gorson, David, Gowda, Anupama, Greco, Barbara, Grubb, Stephen, Gulati, Rakesh, Hammoud, Jamal, Handelsman, Stuart, Hartman, Israel, Hershon, Kenneth, Hiser, Daniel, Hon, George, Jacob, Radu, Jaime, Maria, Jamal, Aamir, Kaupke, Charles, Keightley, Gerald, Kern, Elizabeth, Khanna, Rakhi, Khitan, Zeid, Kim, Sun, Kopyt, Nelson, Kovesdy, Csaba, Krishna, Gopal, Kropp, Jeffrey (Jay), Kumar, Amrendra, Kumar, Jayant, Kumar, Neil, Kusnir, Jorge, Lane, Wendy, Lawrence, Mary, Lehrner, Lawrence, Lentz, John, Levinson, Dennis, Lewis, Derek, Liss, Kenneth, Maddux, Andreas, Maheshwari, Hiralal, Mandayam, Sreedhar, Marar, Isam, Mehta, Bhasker, Middleton, John, Mordujovich, Jorge, Moreda, Ramon, Moustafa, Moustafa, Trenche, Samuel Mujica, Narayanan, Mohanram, Narvarte, Javier, Nassar, Tareq, Newman, George, Nichol, Brian, Nicol, Philip, Nisnisan, Josier, Nossuli, A. Kaldun, Obialo, Chamberlain, Olelewe, Sarah, Oliver, Michael, O'Shaughnessy, Andrew, Padron, John, Pankhaniya, Rohit, Parker, Reginald, Patel, Devesh, Patel, Gnyandev, Patel, Nina, Pavon, Humberto, Perez, Armando, Perez, Carlos, Perlman, Alan, Pettis, Karlton, Pharr, Walter, Phillips, Andrea, Purighalla, Raman, Quesada-Suarez, Luis, Ranjan, Rajiv, Rastogi, Sanjeev, Reddy, Jakkidi, Rendell, Marc, Rich, Lisa, Robinson, Michael, Rodriguez, Hector, Rosas, Sylvia, Saba, Fadi, Sankaram, Rallabhandi, Sarin, Ravi, Schreiman, Robert, Scott, David, Sekkarie, Mohamed, Sensenbrenner, John, Shakeel, Muhammad, Shanik, Michael, Shaw, Sylvia, Smith, Stephen, Solomon, Richard, Sprague, Amy, Spry, Leslie, Suchinda, Pusadee, Sultan, Senan, Surampudi, Prasanth, Sussman, Sherry, Tan, Anjanette, Terrelonge, Antonio, Thompson, Michael, Trespalacios, Fernando, Trippe, Bruce, Trueba, Pilar, Twahirwa, Marcel, Updegrove, John, Van Buren, Peter, Vannorsdall, Mark, Varghese, Freemu, Velasquez-Mieyer, Pedro, Ventrapragada, Sailaja, Vukotic, Goga, Wadud, Khurram, Warren, Mark, Watson, Henry, Watts, Ronald, Weiner, Daniel, Welker, James, Welsh, Jean, Williams, Shelley, Zaniewski-Singh, Michelle, Yi, Tae Won, Smyth, Brendan, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Arnott, Clare, Cardoza, Kathryn, and Kang, Amy

Published
2023
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27. Empirical Anti-MRSA vs Standard Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of 30-Day Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for Pneumonia

Author

Jones, Barbara Ellen, Ying, Jian, Stevens, Vanessa, Haroldsen, Candace, He, Tao, Nevers, McKenna, Christensen, Matthew A, Nelson, Richard E, Stoddard, Gregory J, Sauer, Brian C, Yarbrough, Peter M, Jones, Makoto M, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Greene, Tom, and Samore, Matthew H

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Lung, Prevention, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Clinical Research, Pneumonia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal, Retrospective Studies, Opthalmology and Optometry, Public Health and Health Services, Clinical sciences, Health services and systems
Abstract

ImportanceUse of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics for pneumonia has increased owing to concern for resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The association of empirical anti-MRSA therapy with outcomes among patients with pneumonia is unknown, even for high-risk patients.ObjectiveTo compare 30-day mortality among patients hospitalized for pneumonia receiving empirical anti-MRSA therapy vs standard empirical antibiotic regimens.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted of all hospitalizations in which patients received either anti-MRSA or standard therapy for community-onset pneumonia in the Veterans Health Administration health care system from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2013. Subgroups of patients analyzed were those with initial intensive care unit admission, MRSA risk factors, positive results of a MRSA surveillance test, and positive results of a MRSA admission culture. Primary analysis was an inverse probability of treatment-weighted propensity score analysis using generalized estimating equation regression; secondary analyses included an instrumental variable analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted from June 14 to November 20, 2019.ExposuresEmpirical anti-MRSA therapy plus standard pneumonia therapy vs standard therapy alone within the first day of hospitalization.Main outcomes and measuresRisk of 30-day all-cause mortality after adjustment for patient comorbidities, vital signs, and laboratory results. Secondary outcomes included the development of kidney injury and secondary infections with Clostridioides difficile, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species, or gram-negative bacilli.ResultsAmong 88 605 hospitalized patients (86 851 men; median age, 70 years [interquartile range, 62-81 years]), empirical anti-MRSA therapy was administered to 33 632 (38%); 8929 patients (10%) died within 30 days. Compared with standard therapy alone, in weighted propensity score analysis, empirical anti-MRSA therapy plus standard therapy was significantly associated with an increased adjusted risk of death (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]), kidney injury (aRR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3-1.5]), and secondary C difficile infections (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp infections (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.0-2.3]), and secondary gram-negative rod infections (aRR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.2-1.8]). Similar associations between anti-MRSA therapy use and 30-day mortality were found by instrumental variable analysis (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.4-1.9]) and among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (aRR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.5]), those with a high risk for MRSA (aRR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4]), and those with MRSA detected on surveillance testing (aRR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.3-1.9]). No significant favorable association was found between empirical anti-MRSA therapy and death among patients with MRSA detected on culture (aRR, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.8-1.4]).Conclusions and relevanceThis study suggests that empirical anti-MRSA therapy was not associated with reduced mortality for any group of patients hospitalized for pneumonia. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence that questions the value of empirical use of anti-MRSA therapy using existing risk approaches.

Published
2020

28. The Origins Space Telescope: Towards An Understanding of Temperate Planetary Atmospheres

Author

Fortney, Jonathan, Kataria, Tiffany, Stevenson, Kevin, Zellem, Robert, Nielsen, Eric, Cuartas-Restrepo, Pablo, Gaidos, Eric, Bergin, Edwin, Meixner, Margaret, Kane, Stephen, David, Leisawitz, Fraine, Jonathan, Kaltenegger, Lisa, Tanner, Angelle, Lopez-Morales, Mercedes, Greene, Tom, Danchi, William, Stassun, Keivan, Kopparapu, Ravi, Wolf, Eric, Meshkat, Tiffany, Hinkel, Natalie, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Dong, Chuanfei, Bruno, Giovanni, Gelino, Dawn, Airapetian, Vladimir, Agol, Eric, Deming, Drake, Haqq-Misra, Jacob, Parenteau, Niki, Lisse, Carey, Tucker, Gregory, Saxena, Prabal, Wordsworth, Robin, Blake, Geoffrey, Curry, Shannon, Berta-Thompson, Zachory, Fridlund, Malcolm, Su, Kate, Gao, Peter, Adibekyan, Vardan, Heavens, Nicholas, Minniti, Dante, Rugheimer, Sarah, Rackham, Benjamin, Mandt, Kathleen, de Val-Borro, Miguel, and Robinson, Tyler

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Origins Space Telescope (OST) is one of four mission concepts currently being studied by NASA in preparation for the Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey. With active cooling (~4 K), OST will be sensitive in mid- to far-IR wavelengths, using imaging and spectroscopy to probe the furthest reaches of our galaxies, trace the path of water through star and planet formation, and place thermochemical constraints on the atmospheres of exoplanets ranging in size from Jupiter to Earth. This contribution to the Exoplanet Science Strategy committee discusses the significant advancements that the OST Mid-Infrared Imager, Spectrometer, and Coronagraph (MISC) instrument can make in studying cool planetary atmospheres. We particularly focus on the atmospheres of transiting rocky planets in the habitable zones of mid-to-late M stars. We discuss how OST thermal infrared observations can significantly enhance our understanding of the temperature structure and molecular abundances of biologically interesting gases on these worlds, including O3, CH4, H2O, and CO2., Comment: White paper submitted to The National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Exoplanet Science Strategy Committee

Published
2018

29. A White Paper Submitted to The National Academy of Science's Committee on Exoplanet Science Strategy: Observing Exoplanets with the James Webb Space Telescope

Author

Beichman, Charles A. and Greene, Tom P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionize our understanding of exoplanets with transit spectroscopy of a wide range of mature planets close to their host stars ($<$2 AU) and with coronagraphic imaging and spectroscopy of young objects located further out ($>$10 AU). The census of exoplanets has revealed an enormous variety of planets orbiting stars of all ages and spectral types. With TESS adding to this census with its all-sky survey of the closest, brightest stars, the challenge of the coming decade will be to move from demography to physical characterization. This white paper discusses the wide variety of exoplanet opportunities enabled by JWST's sensitivity and stability, its high angular resolution, and its suite of powerful instruments. JWST observations will advance our understanding of the atmospheres of young to mature planets and will provide new insights into planet formation., Comment: White Paper submitted to NAS Exoplanet Strategy Committee

Published
2018

31. Metabolomic profiling to improve glomerular filtration rate estimation: a proof-of-concept study

Author

Coresh, Josef, Inker, Lesley A, Sang, Yingying, Chen, Jingsha, Shafi, Tariq, Post, Wendy S, Shlipak, Michael G, Ford, Lisa, Goodman, Kelli, Perichon, Regis, Greene, Tom, and Levey, Andrew S

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular, Renal and urogenital, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Chromatography, Liquid, Creatinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cystatin C, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Male, Metabolomics, Middle Aged, Proof of Concept Study, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Time Factors, creatinine, estimating equations, GFR, kidney function, metabolomics, Clinical Sciences, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundEstimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using estimated glomerular filtration rate creatinine (eGFRcr) is central to clinical practice but has limitations. We tested the hypothesis that serum metabolomic profiling can identify novel markers that in combination can provide more accurate GFR estimates.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 200 African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) and 265 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants with measured GFR (mGFR). Untargeted gas chromatography/dual mass spectrometry- and liquid chromatography/dual mass spectrometry-based quantification was followed by the development of targeted assays for 15 metabolites. On the log scale, GFR was estimated from single- and multiple-metabolite panels and compared with eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equations with creatinine and/or cystatin C using established metrics, including the proportion of errors >30% of mGFR (1-P30), before and after bias correction.ResultsOf untargeted metabolites in the AASK and MESA, 283 of 780 (36%) and 387 of 1447 (27%), respectively, were significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.001) with mGFR. A targeted metabolite panel eGFR developed in the AASK and validated in the MESA was more accurate (1-P30 3.7 and 1.9%, respectively) than eGFRcr [11.2 and 18.5%, respectively (P  0.05) and 9.1% (P

Published
2019

32. Relationship of Estimated GFR and Albuminuria to Concurrent Laboratory Abnormalities: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis in a Global Consortium

Author

Inker, Lesley A, Grams, Morgan E, Levey, Andrew S, Coresh, Josef, Cirillo, Massimo, Collins, John F, Gansevoort, Ron T, Gutierrez, Orlando M, Hamano, Takayuki, Heine, Gunnar H, Ishikawa, Shizukiyo, Jee, Sun Ha, Kronenberg, Florian, Landray, Martin J, Miura, Katsuyuki, Nadkarni, Girish N, Peralta, Carmen A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Schaeffner, Elke, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Shlipak, Michael G, Zhang, Luxia, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Hallan, Stein I, Kovesdy, Csaba P, Woodward, Mark, Levin, Adeera, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Tamakoshi, Koji, Li, Yuanying, Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Grams, Morgan, Sang, Yingying, Polkinghorne, Kevan, Chadban, Steven, Atkins, Robert, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Ebert, Natalie, Martus, Peter, Tang, Mila, Heine, Gunnar, Emrich, Insa, Seiler, Sarah, Zawada, Adam, Nally, Joseph, Navaneethan, Sankar, Schold, Jesse, Shlipak, Michael, Sarnak, Mark, Katz, Ronit, Hiramoto, Jade, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Fujii, Naohiko, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Fox, Caroline, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Köttgen, Anna, Schneider, Markus P, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, and Chang, Alex R

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Women's Health, Clinical Research, Kidney Disease, Renal and urogenital, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Albuminuria, Blood Chemical Analysis, Creatinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Progression, Female, Global Health, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Renal, Internationality, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Urinalysis, CKD Prognosis Consortium, CKD stage, Chronic kidney disease, albuminuria, anemia, diabetes, glomerular filtration rate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, hyperparathyroidism, hypertension, individual-level meta-analysis, kidney function, laboratory abnormality, laboratory tests, meta-analysis, serum bicarbonate, serum calcium, serum intact parathyroid hormone, serum phosphorus, serum potassium, staging system, Public Health and Health Services, Urology & Nephrology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale & objectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated by abnormalities that reflect disruption in filtration, tubular, and endocrine functions of the kidney. Our aim was to explore the relationship of specific laboratory result abnormalities and hypertension with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria CKD staging framework.Study designCross-sectional individual participant-level analyses in a global consortium.Setting & study populations17 CKD and 38 general population and high-risk cohorts.Selection criteria for studiesCohorts in the CKD Prognosis Consortium with data for eGFR and albuminuria, as well as a measurement of hemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, potassium, or calcium, or hypertension.Data extractionData were obtained and analyzed between July 2015 and January 2018.Analytical approachWe modeled the association of eGFR and albuminuria with hemoglobin, bicarbonate, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, potassium, and calcium values using linear regression and with hypertension and categorical definitions of each abnormality using logistic regression. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsThe CKD cohorts (n=254,666 participants) were 27% women and 10% black, with a mean age of 69 (SD, 12) years. The general population/high-risk cohorts (n=1,758,334) were 50% women and 2% black, with a mean age of 50 (16) years. There was a strong graded association between lower eGFR and all laboratory result abnormalities (ORs ranging from 3.27 [95% CI, 2.68-3.97] to 8.91 [95% CI, 7.22-10.99] comparing eGFRs of 15 to 29 with eGFRs of 45 to 59mL/min/1.73m2), whereas albuminuria had equivocal or weak associations with abnormalities (ORs ranging from 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60-0.99] to 1.92 [95% CI, 1.65-2.24] comparing urinary albumin-creatinine ratio > 300 vs < 30mg/g).LimitationsVariations in study era, health care delivery system, typical diet, and laboratory assays.ConclusionsLower eGFR was strongly associated with higher odds of multiple laboratory result abnormalities. Knowledge of risk associations might help guide management in the heterogeneous group of patients with CKD.

Published
2019

33. Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium

Author

Chang, Alex R, Grams, Morgan E, Ballew, Shoshana H, Bilo, Henk, Correa, Adolfo, Evans, Marie, Gutierrez, Orlando M, Hosseinpanah, Farhad, Iseki, Kunitoshi, Kenealy, Timothy, Klein, Barbara, Kronenberg, Florian, Lee, Brian J, Li, Yuanying, Miura, Katsuyuki, Navaneethan, Sankar D, Roderick, Paul J, Valdivielso, Jose M, Visseren, Frank LJ, Zhang, Luxia, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hallan, Stein I, Levey, Andrew S, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Shalev, Varda, Woodward, Mark, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Tamakoshi, Koji, Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Coresh, Josef, Sang, Yingying, Polkinghorne, Kevan, Chadban, Steven, Atkins, Robert, Levin, Adeera, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Klein, Ron, Lee, Kristine, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Tang, Mila, Heine, Gunnar, Emrich, Insa, Zawada, Adam, Bauer, Lucie, Nally, Joseph, Schold, Jesse, Shlipak, Michael, Sarnak, Mark, Katz, Ronit, Hiramoto, Jade, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hamano, Takayuki, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Fujii, Naohiko, Jafar, Tazeen, Hatcher, Juanita, Poulter, Neil, Chaturvedi, Nish, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Brenner, Hermann, Schöttker, Ben, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Fox, Caroline, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Köttgen, Anna, Schneider, Markus P, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, Ito, Sadayoshi, Miyazaki, Mariko, Nakayama, Masaaki, Yamada, Cirillo, Massimo, Romundstad, Solfrid, Øvrehus, Marius, Langlo, Knut Asbjørn, Irie, Fujiko, Sairenchi, Toshimi, Rebholz, Casey M, and Young, Bessie

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Obesity, Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular, Aging, Prevention, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adiposity, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference, CKD Prognosis Consortium, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences, Psychology
Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between adiposity measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio) with decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and with all cause mortality.DesignIndividual participant data meta-analysis.SettingCohorts from 40 countries with data collected between 1970 and 2017.ParticipantsAdults in 39 general population cohorts (n=5 459 014), of which 21 (n=594 496) had data on waist circumference; six cohorts with high cardiovascular risk (n=84 417); and 18 cohorts with chronic kidney disease (n=91 607).Main outcome measuresGFR decline (estimated GFR decline ≥40%, initiation of kidney replacement therapy or estimated GFR

Published
2019

35. Change in Albuminuria and GFR Slope as Joint Surrogate End Points for Kidney Failure: Implications for Phase 2 Clinical Trials in CKD

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Inker, Lesley A., Tighiouart, Hocine, Collier, Willem H., Haaland, Benjamin, Luo, Jiyu, Appel, Gerald B., Chan, Tak Mao, Estacio, Raymond O., Fervenza, Fernando, Floege, Jürgen, Imai, Enyu, Jafar, Tazeen H., Lewis, Julia B., Kam-Tao Li, Philip, Locatelli, Francesco, Maes, Bart D., Perna, Annalisa, Perrone, Ronald D., Praga, Manuel, Schena, Francesco P., Wanner, Christoph, Xie, Di, Greene, Tom, Schrier, Robert W., Hanratty, Rebecca, Maschio, Giuseppe, Carlo, Manno, Saddelli, Mauro, Brenner, Barry M., Lewis, Edmund, von Eynatten, Maximilian, de Jong, Paul E., van Essen, GG, Hou, Fan Fan, Chapman, Arlene, Torres, Vicente, Yu, Alan, Brosnahan, Godela, Chow, Kai-Ming, Szeto, Cheuk-Chun, Leung, Chi-Bon, Hunsicker, Lawrence G., Dwyer, Jamie, Pohl, Marc, Raz, Itamar, Del Vecchio, Lucia, Andrulli, Simeone, Pozzi, Claudio, Casartelli, Donatella, Malfait, Thomas, Vanacker, An, Caravaca-Fontán, Fernando, Trujillo, Hernando, Cavero, Teresa, Gutierrez, Eduardo, Beck, Gerald, Kusek, John, Eknoyan, Garabed, Ponticelli, Claudio, Montagnino, Giuseppe, Passerini, Patrizia, Moroni, Gabriella, Kobayashi, Fumiaki, Makino, Hirofumi, Ito, Sadayoshi, Chan, Juliana CN, Tang, Colin, Gaspari, Flavio, Lesti, Maria Domenica, Gherardi, Giulia, Gamba, Sara, Keane, William, Donadio, James, Rauen, Thomas, Seikrit, Claudia, Wied, Stefanie, Dwyer, Jamie, and Becker, Gavin J.

Published
2023
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37. Association between unmet medication needs after hospital discharge and readmission or death among acute respiratory failure survivors: the addressing post-intensive care syndrome (APICS-01) multicenter prospective cohort study

Author

Brown, Samuel M., Dinglas, Victor D., Akhlaghi, Narjes, Bose, Somnath, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Beesley, Sarah, Groat, Danielle, Greene, Tom, Hopkins, Ramona O., Mir-Kasimov, Mustafa, Sevin, Carla M., Turnbull, Alison E., Jackson, James C., and Needham, Dale M.

Published
2022
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39. A pre-specified analysis of the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) randomized controlled trial on the incidence of abrupt declines in kidney function

Author

Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Wheeler, David C., Chertow, Glenn, Correa-Rotter, Ricardo, Greene, Tom, Hou, Fan Fan, McMurray, John, Rossing, Peter, Toto, Robert, Stefansson, Bergur, Langkilde, Anna Maria, Maffei, L.E., Raffaele, P., Solis, S.E., Arias, C.A., Aizenberg, D., Luquez, C., Zaidman, C., Cluigt, N., Mayer, M., Alvarisqueta, A., Wassermann, A., Maldonado, R., Bittar, J., Maurich, M., Gaite, L.E., Garcia, N., Sivak, L., Ramallo, P.O., Santos, J.C., Garcia Duran, R., Oddino, J.A., Maranon, A., Maia, L.N., Avila, D.D., Barros, E.J.G., Vidotti, M.H., Panarotto, D., Noronha, I.D.L., Turatti, L.A.A., Deboni, L., Canziani, M.E., Riella, M.C., Bacci, M.R., Paschoalin, R.P., Franco, R.J., Goldani, J.C., St-Amour, E., Steele, A.W., Goldenberg, R., Pandeya, S., Bajaj, H., Cherney, D., Kaiser, S.M., Conway, J.R., Chow, S.S., Bailey, G., Lafrance, J., Winterstein, J., Cournoyer, S., Gaudet, D., Madore, F., Houlden, R.L., Dowell, A., Langlois, M., Muirhead, N., Khandwala, H., Levin, A., Hou, F., Xue, Y., Zuo, L., Hao, C., Ni, Z., Xing, C., Chen, N., Dong, Y., Zhou, R., Xiao, X., Zou, Y., Wang, C., Liu, B., Chen, Q., Lin, M., Luo, Q., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Chen, M., Wang, X., Zhong, A., Dong, J., Zhu, C., Yan, T., Luo, P., Ren, Y., Pai, P., Li, D., Zhang, R., Zhang, J., Xu, M., Zhuang, Y., Kong, Y., Yao, X., Peng, X., Persson, F.I., Hansen, T.K., Borg, R., Pedersen Bjergaard, U., Hansen, D., Hornum, M., Haller, H., Klausmann, G., Tschope, D., Kruger, T., Gross, P., Hugo, C., Obermuller, N., Rose, L., Mertens, P., Zeller-Stefan, H., Fritsche, A., Renders, L., Muller, J., Budde, K., Schroppel, B., Wittmann, I., Voros, P., Dudas, M., Tabak, G.A., Kirschner, R., Letoha, A., Balku, I., Hermanyi, Z., Zakar, G., Mezei, I., Nagy, G.G., Lippai, J., Nemeth, A., Khullar, D., Gowdaiah, P.K., Fernando Mervin, E., Rao, V.A., Dewan, D., Goplani, K., Maddi, V.S.K., Vyawahare, M.S., Pulichikkat, R.K., Pandey, R., Sonkar, S.K., Gupta, V.K., Agarwal, S., Asirvatham, A.J., Ignatius, A., Chaubey, S., Melemadathil, S., Alva, H., Kadam, Y., Shimizu, H., Sueyoshi, A., Takeoka, H., Abe, Y., Imai, T., Onishi, Y., Fujita, Y., Tokita, Y., Oura, M., Makita, Y., Idogaki, A., Koyama, R., Kikuchi, H., Kashihara, N., Hayashi, T., Ando, Y., Tanaka, T., Shimizu, M., Hidaka, S., Gohda, T., Tamura, K., Abe, M., Kamijo, Y., Imasawa, T., Takahashi, Y., Nakayama, M., Tomita, M., Hirano, F., Fukushima, Y., Kiyosue, A., Kurioka, S., Imai, E., Kitagawa, K., Waki, M., Wada, J., Uehara, K., Iwatani, H., Ota, K., Shibazaki, S., Katayama, K., Narita, I., Iinuma, M., Matsueda, S., Sasaki, S., Yokochi, A., Tsukamoto, T., Yoshimura, T., Kang, S., Lee, S., Lim, C.S., Chin, H., Joo, K.W., Han, S.Y., Chang, T.I., Park, S., Park, H., Park, C.W., Han, B.G., Cha, D.R., Yoon, S.A., Kim, W., Kim, S.W., Ryu, D., Correa Rotter, R., Irizar Santana, S.S., Hernandez Llamas, G., Valdez Ortiz, R., Secchi Nicolas, N.C., Gonzalez Galvez, G., Lazcano Soto, J.R., Bochicchio Riccardelli, T., Bayram Llamas, E.A., Ramos Ibarra, D.R., Melo, M.G.S., Gonzalez Gonzalez, J.G., Sanchez Mijangos, J.H., Madero Robalo, M., Garcia Castillo, A., Manrique, H.A., Farfan, J.C., Vargas, R., Valdivia, A., Dextre, A., Escudero, E., Calderon Ticona, J.R., Gonzales, L., Villena, J., Leon, L., Molina, G., Saavedra, A., Garrido, E., Arbanil, H., Vargas Marquez, S., Rodriguez, J., Isidto, R., Villaflor, A.J., Gumba, M.A., Tirador, L., Comia, R.S., Sy, R.A., Guanzon, M.L.V.V., Aquitania, G., De Asis, N.C., Silva, A.A., Romero, C.M., Lim, M.E., Danguilan, R.A., Nowicki, M., Rudzki, H., Landa, K., Kucharczyk-Bauman, I., Gogola-Migdal, B., Golski, M., Olech-Cudzik, A., Stompor, T., Szczepanik, T., Miklaszewicz, B., Sciborski, R., Kuzniewski, M., Ciechanowski, K., Wronska, D., Klatko, W., Mazur, S., Popenda, G., Myslicki, M., Bolieva, L.Z., Berns, S., Galyavich, A., Abissova, T., Karpova, I., Platonov, D., Koziolova, N., Kvitkova, L., Nilk, R., Medina, T., Rebrov, A., Rossovskaya, M., Sinitsina, I., Vishneva, E., Zagidullin, N., Novikova, T., Krasnopeeva, N., Magnitskaya, O., Antropenko, N., Batiushin, M., Escudero Quesada, V., Barrios Barrea, C., Espinel Garauz, E., Cruzado Garrit, J.M., Morales Portillo, C., Gorriz Teruel, J.L., Cigarran Guldris, S., Praga Terente, M., Robles Perez-Monteoliva, N.R., Tinahones Madueno, F.J., Soto Gonzalez, A., Diaz Rodriguez, C., Furuland, H., Saeed, A., Dreja, K., Spaak, J., Bruchfeld, A., Kolesnyk, M., Levchenko, O., Pyvovarova, N., Stus, V., Doretskyy, V., Korobova, N., Horoshko, O., Katerenchuk, I., Mostovoy, Y.M., Orynchak, M., Legun, O., Dudar, I., Bilchenko, O., Andreychyn, S., Levchenko, A., Zub, L., Tereshchenko, N., Topchii, I., Ostapenko, T., Bezuglova, S., Kopytsya, M., Turenko, O., Mark, P., Barratt, J., Bhandari, S., Fraser, D., Kalra, P., Kon, S.P., Mccafferty, K., Mikhail, A., Alvarado, O.P., Anderson, R., Andrawis, N.S., Arif, A., Benjamin, S.A., Bueso, G., Busch, R.S., Carr, K.W., Crawford, P., Daboul, N., De La Calle, G.M., Delgado, B., Earl, J., El-Shahawy, M.A., Graf, R.J., Greenwood, G., Guevara, A., Wendland, E.M., Mayfield, R.K., Montero, M., Morin, D.J., Narayan, P., Numrungroad, V., Reddy, A.C., Reddy, R., Samson, M.B., Trejo, R., Butcher, M.B., Wise, J.K., Zemel, L.R., Raikhel, M., Weinstein, D., Hernandez, P., Wynne, A., Khan, B.V., Sterba, G.A., Jamal, A., Ross, D., Rovner, S.F., Tan, A., Ovalle, F., Patel, R.J., Talano, J., Patel, D.R., Burgner, A., Aslam, N., Elliott, M., Goral, S., Jovanovich, A., Manley, J.A., Umanath, K., Waguespack, D., Weiner, D., Yu, M., Schneider, L., Jalal, D., Le, T., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, D., Nguyen, V., Do, T., Chu, P., Ta, D., Tran, N., Pham, B., Pfeffer, Marc A., Pocock, Stuart, Swedberg, Karl, Rouleau, Jean L., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Ivanovich, Peter, Levey, Andrew S., Christ-Schmidt, Heidi, Held, Claes, Christersson, Christina, Mann, Johannes, Varenhorst, Christoph, Cherney, David, Postmus, Douwe, Stefánsson, Bergur V., Chertow, Glenn M., Dwyer, Jamie P., Kosiborod, Mikhail, McMurray, John J.V., Sjöström, C. David, and Toto, Robert D.

Published
2022
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40. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Retrospective Individual Participant–Level Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

Author

Ku, Elaine, Inker, Lesley A., Tighiouart, Hocine, McCulloch, Charles E., Adingwupu, Ogechi M., Greene, Tom, Estacio, Raymond O., Woodward, Mark, de Zeeuw, Dick, Lewis, Julia B., Hannedouche, Thierry, Jafar, Tazeen H., Imai, Enyu, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Hou, Fan Fan, Toto, Robert D., Li, Philip K., and Sarnak, Mark J.

Subjects
ACE inhibitors, ANGIOTENSIN-receptor blockers, CHRONIC kidney failure, CLINICAL trials, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

Evidence supports the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with hypertension and stage 3 or milder chronic kidney disease (CKD). This systematic review and individual-level meta-analysis summarizes the evidence supporting the use of the medications in patients with hypertension and more advanced CKD. Background: In patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the effects of initiating treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) on the risk for kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) and death remain unclear. Purpose: To examine the association of ACEi or ARB treatment initiation, relative to a non–ACEi or ARB comparator, with rates of KFRT and death. Data Sources: Ovid Medline and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Clinical Trials Consortium from 1946 through 31 December 2023. Study Selection: Completed randomized controlled trials testing either an ACEi or an ARB versus a comparator (placebo or antihypertensive drugs other than ACEi or ARB) that included patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2. Data Extraction: The primary outcome was KFRT, and the secondary outcome was death before KFRT. Analyses were done using Cox proportional hazards models according to the intention-to-treat principle. Prespecified subgroup analyses were done according to baseline age (<65 vs. ≥65 years), eGFR (<20 vs. ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m 2), albuminuria (urine albumin–creatinine ratio <300 vs. ≥300 mg/g), and history of diabetes. Data Synthesis: A total of 1739 participants from 18 trials were included, with a mean age of 54.9 years and mean eGFR of 22.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , of whom 624 (35.9%) developed KFRT and 133 (7.6%) died during a median follow-up of 34 months (IQR, 19 to 40 months). Overall, ACEi or ARB treatment initiation led to lower risk for KFRT (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.79]) but not death (hazard ratio, 0.86 [CI, 0.58 to 1.28]). There was no statistically significant interaction between ACEi or ARB treatment and age, eGFR, albuminuria, or diabetes (P for interaction > 0.05 for all). Limitation: Individual participant–level data for hyperkalemia or acute kidney injury were not available. Conclusion: Initiation of ACEi or ARB therapy protects against KFRT, but not death, in people with advanced CKD. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health. (PROSPERO: CRD42022307589) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Two NIRCam channels are Better than One: How JWST Can Do More Science with NIRCam's Short-Wavelength Dispersed Hartmann Sensor

Author

Schlawin, Everett, Rieke, Marcia, Leisenring, Jarron, Greene, Tom, Walker, Lisa May, Fraine, Jonathan, Kelly, Doug, Misselt, Karl, Line, Michael, Stansberry, John, and Lewis, Nikole

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers unprecedented sensitivity, stability, and wavelength coverage for transiting exoplanet studies, opening up new avenues for measuring atmospheric abundances, structure, and temperature profiles. Taking full advantage of JWST spectroscopy of planets from 0.6um to 28um, however, will require many observations with a combination of the NIRISS, NIRCam, NIRSpec, and MIRI instruments. In this white paper, we discuss a new NIRCam mode (not yet approved or implemented) that can reduce the number of necessary observations to cover the 1.0um to 5.0um wavelength range. Even though NIRCam was designed primarily as an imager, it also includes several grisms for phasing and aligning JWST's 18 hexagonal mirror segments. NIRCam's long-wavelength channel includes grisms that cover 2.4um to 5.0um with a resolving power of R = 1200 - 1550 using two separate configurations. The long-wavelength grisms have already been approved for science operations, including wide field and single object (time series) slitless spectroscopy. We propose a new mode that will simultaneously measure spectra for science targets in the 1.0um to 2.0um range using NIRCam's short-wavelength channel. This mode, if approved, would take advantage of NIRCam's Dispersed Hartmann Sensor (DHS), which produces 10 spatially separated spectra per source at R ~ 300. We discuss the added benefit of the DHS in constraining abundances in exoplanet atmospheres as well as its ability to observe the brightest systems. The DHS essentially comes for free (at no time cost) with any NIRCam long-wavelength grism observation, but the detector integration parameters have to be selected to ensure that the long-wavelength grism observations do not saturate and that JWST data volume downlink constraints are not violated., Comment: 10 pages, accepted to PASP

Published
2016
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42. Probability-Based Estimates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence and Detection Fraction, Utah, USA

Author

Samore, Matthew H., Looney, Adam, Orleans, Brian, Greene, Tom, Seegert, Nathan, Delgado, Julio C., Presson, Angela, Zhang, Chong, Ying, Jian, Zhang, Yue, Shen, Jincheng, Slev, Patricia, Gaulin, Maclean, Yang, Mu-Jeung, Pavia, Andrew T., and Alder, Stephen C.

Subjects
Utah -- Health aspects, Epidemics -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- United States, Health
Abstract

By May 2021, >150 million severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and >3 million deaths from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had been reported worldwide (1). The real infection count [...]

Published
2021
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43. Evaluation of Variation in the Performance of GFR Slope as a Surrogate End Point for Kidney Failure in Clinical Trials that Differ by Severity of CKD

Author

Collier, Willem, Inker, Lesley A., Haaland, Benjamin, Appel, Gerald B., Badve, Sunil V., Caravaca-Fontán, Fernando, Chalmers, John, Floege, Jürgen, Goicoechea, Marian, Imai, Enyu, Jafar, Tazeen H., Lewis, Julia B., Li, Philip K.T., Locatelli, Francesco, Maes, Bart D., Neuen, Brendon L., Perrone, Ronald D., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Schena, Francesco P., Wanner, Christoph, Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., and Greene, Tom

Published
2023
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44. In Data We Trust? Comparison of Electronic Versus Manual Abstraction of Antimicrobial Prescribing Quality Metrics for Hospitalized Veterans With Pneumonia

Author

Jones, Barbara E, Haroldsen, Candace, Madaras-Kelly, Karl, Goetz, Matthew B, Ying, Jian, Sauer, Brian, Jones, Makoto M, Leecaster, Molly, Greene, Tom, Fridkin, Scott K, Neuhauser, Melinda M, and Samore, Matthew H

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Patient Safety, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pneumonia, Pneumonia & Influenza, Clinical Research, Antimicrobial Resistance, Lung, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Anti-Infective Agents, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Electronic Health Records, Female, Guideline Adherence, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Male, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Quality of Health Care, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, United States, Veterans, pneumonia, quality measurement, electronic health records, antibiotic stewardship, antimicrobial stewardship taskforce, Public Health and Health Services, Applied Economics, Health Policy & Services, Applied economics, Health services and systems, Policy and administration
Abstract

BackgroundElectronic health records provide the opportunity to assess system-wide quality measures. Veterans Affairs Pharmacy Benefits Management Center for Medication Safety uses medication use evaluation (MUE) through manual review of the electronic health records.ObjectiveTo compare an electronic MUE approach versus human/manual review for extraction of antibiotic use (choice and duration) and severity metrics.Research designRetrospective.SubjectsHospitalizations for uncomplicated pneumonia occurring during 2013 at 30 Veterans Affairs facilities.MeasuresWe compared summary statistics, individual hospitalization-level agreement, facility-level consistency, and patterns of variation between electronic and manual MUE for initial severity, antibiotic choice, daily clinical stability, and antibiotic duration.ResultsAmong 2004 hospitalizations, electronic and manual abstraction methods showed high individual hospitalization-level agreement for initial severity measures (agreement=86%-98%, κ=0.5-0.82), antibiotic choice (agreement=89%-100%, κ=0.70-0.94), and facility-level consistency for empiric antibiotic choice (anti-MRSA r=0.97, P

Published
2018

45. Serum potassium and adverse outcomes across the range of kidney function: a CKD Prognosis Consortium meta-analysis.

Author

Kovesdy, Csaba P, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Sang, Yingying, Brunskill, Nigel J, Carrero, Juan J, Chodick, Gabriel, Hasegawa, Takeshi, Heerspink, Hiddo L, Hirayama, Atsushi, Landman, Gijs WD, Levin, Adeera, Nitsch, Dorothea, Wheeler, David C, Coresh, Josef, Hallan, Stein I, Shalev, Varda, Grams, Morgan E, Astor, Brad, Appel, Larry, Greene, Tom, Chen, Teresa, Chalmers, John, Woodward, Mark, Arima, Hisatomi, Perkovic, Vlado, Djurdjev, Ognjenka, Zhang, Luxia, Liu, Lisheng, Zhao, Minghui, Wang, Fang, Wang, Jinwei, Tang, Mila, Iso, Hiroyasu, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Umesawa, Mitsumasa, Muraki, Isao, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hamano, Takayuki, Fujii, Naohiko, Wheeler, David, Emberson, John, Townend, John, Landray, Martin, Green, Jamie, Kirchner, H Lester, Chang, Alex R, Cirillo, Massimo, Jee, Sun Ha, Kimm, Heejin, Mok, Yejin, Wetzels, Jack FM, Blankestijn, Peter J, van Zuilen, Arjan D, Bots, M, Sarnak, Mark, Inker, Lesley, Roderick, Paul, Fletcher, Astrid, Bottinger, Erwin, Nadkarni, Girish N, Ellis, Stephen B, Nadukuru, Rajiv, Brunskill, Nigel, Major, Rupert, Shepherd, David, Medcalf, James, Gansevoort, Ron T, Bakker, Stephan JL, Heerspink, Hiddo J Lambers, Jassal, Simerjot K, Bergstrom, Jaclyn, Ix, Joachim H, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Kovesdy, Csaba, Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, de Zeeuw, Dick, Brenner, Barry, Gasparini, Alessandro, Elinder, Carl-Gustaf, Barany, Peter, Evans, Marie, Segelmark, Mårten, Stendahl, Maria, Schön, Staffan, Tangri, Navdeep, Sud, Maneesh, Naimark, David, Wen, Chi-Pang, and Tsao, Chwen-Keng

Subjects
Kidney Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Renal and urogenital, Cardiovascular, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Albuminuria, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Comorbidity, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Risk Factors, Potassium, Estimated glomerular filtration rate, End-stage renal disease, Mortality, CKD Prognosis Consortium, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology
Abstract

AimsBoth hypo- and hyperkalaemia can have immediate deleterious physiological effects, and less is known about long-term risks. The objective was to determine the risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and end-stage renal disease associated with potassium levels across the range of kidney function and evaluate for consistency across cohorts in a global consortium.Methods and resultsWe performed an individual-level data meta-analysis of 27 international cohorts [10 general population, 7 high cardiovascular risk, and 10 chronic kidney disease (CKD)] in the CKD Prognosis Consortium. We used Cox regression followed by random-effects meta-analysis to assess the relationship between baseline potassium and adverse outcomes, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, overall and across strata of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria. We included 1 217 986 participants followed up for a mean of 6.9 years. The average age was 55 ± 16 years, average eGFR was 83 ± 23 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 17% had moderate- to-severe increased albuminuria levels. The mean baseline potassium was 4.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L. The risk of serum potassium of >5.5 mmol/L was related to lower eGFR and higher albuminuria. The risk relationship between potassium levels and adverse outcomes was U-shaped, with the lowest risk at serum potassium of 4-4.5 mmol/L. Compared with a reference of 4.2 mmol/L, the adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.29] at 5.5 mmol/L and 1.49 (95% CI 1.26-1.76) at 3.0 mmol/L. Risks were similar by eGFR, albuminuria, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor use, and across cohorts.ConclusionsOutpatient potassium levels both above and below the normal range are consistently associated with adverse outcomes, with similar risk relationships across eGFR and albuminuria.

Published
2018

47. SCALE-UP II: protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial examining population health management interventions to increase the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing in community health centres

Author

Del Fiol, Guilherme, primary, Orleans, Brian, additional, Kuzmenko, Tatyana V, additional, Chipman, Jonathan, additional, Greene, Tom, additional, Martinez, Anna, additional, Wirth, Jennifer, additional, Meads, Ray, additional, Kaphingst, Kimberly K, additional, Gibson, Bryan, additional, Kawamoto, Kensaku, additional, King, Andy J, additional, Siaperas, Tracey, additional, Hughes, Shlisa, additional, Pruhs, Alan, additional, Pariera Dinkins, Courtney, additional, Lam, Cho Y, additional, Pierce, Joni H, additional, Benson, Ryzen, additional, Borsato, Emerson P, additional, Cornia, Ryan, additional, Stevens, Leticia, additional, Bradshaw, Richard L, additional, Schlechter, Chelsey R, additional, and Wetter, David W, additional

Published
2024
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50. Association Between Self‐Reported Medication Adherence and Therapeutic Inertia in Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)

Author

Jacobs, Joshua A., primary, Derington, Catherine G., additional, Zheutlin, Alexander R., additional, King, Jordan B., additional, Cohen, Jordana B., additional, Bucheit, John, additional, Kronish, Ian M., additional, Addo, Daniel K., additional, Morisky, Donald E., additional, Greene, Tom H., additional, and Bress, Adam P., additional

Published
2024
Full Text
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