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Traffic congestion is a major concern in urban transportation in supply chain management. Road-based logistic companies can mitigate their Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions effectively by optimising their operation. In this study, we observed a low-carbon, fixed-tour scheduling problem with time windows (LC-FTSP-TW) that is designed to consider the factors that can minimise the greenhouse-gas emissions of logistics systems. Through better planning of the delivery times, we delineated a system to control the schedules of two vehicle types: fossil-fuel-powered and electric-powered vehicles. We formulated the LC-FTSP-TW as a mixed-integer linear programming model that can take into consideration time-varying traffic conditions, customer time windows, and vehicle energy-consumption functions. The proposed model was observed to be convenient for practical use, as it could be solved directly using commercial optimisation toolboxes, such as CPLEX and Gurobi, with continuous optimal results. In addition, we developed an efficient dynamic programming algorithm for solving large-sized problems with discrete optimal results. Computational experiments were conducted on a group of test instances to verify the proposed model and algorithm, which demonstrated considerable reductions in CO2 emissions compared to non-optimised solutions for both the tested fossil-fuel-powered and electric-powered vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the onset of Supply chain management has gained maximum recognition, with many countries elevating supply chain levels at the strategic level. This article selects AH Company's supply chain network as the research object, analyzes the main challenges faced by the company in the supply chain aspect, and evaluates its original supply chain network. It incorporates sustainable development factors into the current global supply chain management theme, taking into account four aspects: total supply chain cost, service level, corporate sustainable development vision (carbon emissions), and supply chain risks. The "Supply Chain Guru X (2022)" software is applied to propose optimization solutions for existing problems on the basis of the original supply chain network. Based on the existing data, a comprehensive comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various optimization schemes is implemented to select the current optimal supply chain network optimization scheme. In the process of optimizing the plan, the multi-objective optimization theory and big data processing technology were emphasized, and the corresponding technical theories were integrated into the "Supply Chain Guru X (2022)" software. By optimizing the supply chain network of AH Company, the overall operating costs of the company's supply chain network have been significantly reduced while meeting customer needs. Concurrently, it can provide a good example for optimizing the supply chain network of similar enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management (SCM) is the active management of supply chain activities to optimize customer value and establish a sustainable competitive advantage. It demonstrates that supply chain management firms are actively working to establish and run source chains as profitably and well as they can. The activities that comprise the supply chain include the development of products, procurement, manufacturing, shipping, and the data systems wanted to oversee these processes. This review presents information. SCM was introduced in the opening paragraph of this page, which was followed by information about the participants and the procedures used by different businesses. It employs sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), which offers five-dimensional sustainable approaches, and presents GSCM in this study. The needs in the industrial industry's supply chain are continuously presented. Accordingly, the waste material management process is presented for different manufacturing industries, however, it consists of waste management methods like disposal method, landfill, and incineration. Additionally, this study presents detailed information about reverse Supply Chain Management (RSCM), their concept and process are explained in this review. The review describes the state of the art in survey technology, the methodology of implementation, the definition and motivation of the research topic, current trends and advancements, and the goal of the study. Reviewers came to the conclusion that RSCM controls the waste product well as a result. Utilizing the components and materials of returned goods to cut down on raw material usage and expenses is the focus of supply management in reverse logistics (RL). In future, reverse logistic SCM is introduced in the automobile industry to efficiently manage automobile waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the implications of incorporating blockchain technology into the process of making decisions for green supply chains, particularly under conditions of demand uncertainty. A model was formulated to encompass both environmentally friendly products enabled by blockchain technology and those without such enabling technology. The study further explores the optimal method of introducing green input in a duopoly market using game theory. It also examines how consumer uncertainty about green products and acceptance of the technical parameters of blockchain influence this strategy. The findings suggest that increased consumer uncertainty can, in some instances, motivate manufacturers to enhance the eco-friendliness of their products and improve supply chain performance. However, the universal adoption of blockchain does not necessarily ensure better results; on the contrary, it may compromise product sustainability while enhancing supply chain profitability. Moreover, research has indicated that products enabled by blockchain typically have lower prices, thereby offering potential benefits to consumers when acceptance of sustainable energy solutions is high or uncertain. Additionally, this paper analyzes the impact of changes in green supply chain decision-making on system reliability. This involves exploring the relationship between decision parameters and consumer reluctance towards sustainable products and the adoption of blockchain technology. To ensure stable market competition in dynamic complex systems, research shows that feedback control technology can effectively regulate unpredictable behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the efficiency of cold storage warehouses and contributes to sustainable supply chain management by integrating eco-friendly practices into storage operations. In facilities for milk and its derivatives, unregulated order handling significantly increases energy consumption due to frequent door openings in the cooler. To address this challenge, we developed a novel mathematical model aimed at optimizing order sequences and minimizing energy costs, addressing a previously unexplored gap in the literature. A genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to solve this model, with careful consideration of carbon emissions generated during the algorithm's execution. We utilized the Yates notation, an experimental design technique, to systematically optimize the GA's parameters, ensuring robust and statistically valid results. This methodology enabled a thorough analysis of the factors influencing energy consumption. The findings enhance energy efficiency in cold storage warehouses, leading to reduced carbon dioxide emissions and fostering sustainable practices within supply chain management. Ultimately, this study successfully integrates green practices into cold storage operations, supporting broader sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the challenges and solutions faced by manufacturing companies in one industry when integrating green suppliers into their supply chains. The FGD transcripts were analyzed using NVivo 12 Pro for coding and thematic analysis, which helped identify key challenges and solutions. The key challenges identified included higher procurement costs, limited availability of green materials, quality assurance issues, and difficulties in verifying green practices. Strategic solutions involve establishing partnership strategies, conducting supply chain audits, and developing clear evaluation criteria. The content analysis shows that higher procurement costs can be mitigated through strategic partnerships offering better terms and pricing stability. Diversifying the supplier base and investing in supplier development programs address the limited availability of green materials. Quality assurance is maintained through stringent controls and regular audits, while verification challenges are managed with third-party certifications and robust audits to prevent greenwashing. The SWOT analysis highlights strengths such as strategic partnerships and regular audits, opportunities like developing evaluation criteria and technological advancements, and acknowledges weaknesses and threats. This comprehensive analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the practical challenges and solutions in green supply chain management, offering a strategic framework for manufacturing companies to enhance sustainability and achieve competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the accelerated advancements in artificial intelligence and the increasing emphasis on sustainable supply chain management, the integration of multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) into green supply chains has emerged as a critical research frontier. This study delves into the synergistic potential and challenges of combining multimodal AI, which leverages diverse data types such as text, images, and numerical data, to enhance decision-making processes in green supply chains. Through the meticulous design of a data strategy and model framework, this research establishes a sophisticated and efficient data processing and model training pipeline. The experimental results reveal that the comprehensive analysis and fusion of multimodal data significantly improve the prediction accuracy of key supply chain metrics, with observed increases in accuracy and recall rates by 12.4% and 9.8%, respectively. Additionally, the model's limitations are critically assessed, and targeted improvement strategies are proposed. The practical implications of this study are profound, offering actionable insights for the application of multimodal AI in real-world energy sector scenarios. The findings underscore the potential of this technology to optimize operations, reduce environmental impact, and drive sustainable growth in the energy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has emerged as a major global player in the pharmaceutical industry and a significant consumer of drugs. However, the rapid growth of the raw material pharmaceutical manufacturing sector has resulted in a substantial amount of waste generation, leading to environmental pollution issues. In order to mitigate the pollution problems associated with the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, this research proposes a tripartite game model with two dynamic parameters and develops optimization models for green supply chains under three decision-making scenarios, aiming to contribute to the efforts for achieving low-carbon development. Additionally, the study considers the government's green subsidy system and incorporates the optimization of green pharmaceutical practices and goodwill of the enterprises as dynamic parameters. By employing differential game methods, equilibrium solutions among the three parties are determined. The research findings reveal that: firstly, the green pharmaceutical levels are equivalent among the three models; secondly, in scenarios where retailers receive subsidies and make decentralized decisions, API manufacturers achieve the highest level of goodwill and the supply chain profit is maximized; thirdly, when manufacturers have sufficiently high marginal profits, adopting a decentralized decision-making approach encourages retailers and enhances the overall goodwill level of the supply chain. This study provides valuable insights for the formulation of effective strategies and policies to promote sustainable development within the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify the most frequently undertaken research areas in scientific publications addressing the issues of green supply chain and green logistics simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach: The study was planned and carried out in the period from April to August 2024. The analyzed research areas were expressed through author keywords, which were assigned to individual scientific publications through their authors. The multi-stage research process used two methods for bibliometric research (systematic literature review and classical literature review). Author keywords assigned to 111 precisely selected scientific publications were analyzed. Findings: Nine of the most frequently addressed research areas in scientific publications that simultaneously addressed green supply chain and green logistics were identified. In terms of as many as three identified research areas, there was a direct reference to the supply chain (green supply chain, green supply chain management, supply chain management). In turn, in two areas there was a reference to sustainability issues (environmental sustainability, sustainability). In addition, the issue of reverse logistics was identified as a key research area and at the same time corresponding to the issue of green logistics. Research limitations/implications: An important factor limiting the study was the choice of database for bibliometric analyses (Scopus database). In addition, the scope of the analyses undertaken was limited to the constructed bibliometric query (Q1). However, both aspects indicated simultaneously made it possible to obtain precise and consistent results of the analyses. Moreover, it becomes possible to repeat the study in the future and compare it with other constructed studies aimed at literature review. Originality/value: The study, compared to other such bibliometric analyses, is distinguished by the syntax of the constructed query. In addition, it was noted that research should be undertaken in learning more about the role and importance of logistics and supply chain greening for emerging green business ecosystems. Other relevant areas are the question of green job creation due to the greening of supply chains, or how the green skills gap affects the process of green supply chain and green logistics. The article is addressed to anyone interested in issues related to green supply chain and green logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's competitive and environmentally conscious industries, the ability of organizations to adapt and respond is more important than ever. This study focuses on overcoming the obstacles faced by the Iranian automobile sector by highlighting the significance of incorporating green supply chain techniques. The research intends to integrate organizational operations with environmental sustainability goals by utilizing a MULTIMOORA strategy for supplier selection. The Iranian automobile sector, facing substantial environmental challenges, requires a strategy framework for selecting environmentally friendly suppliers in order to sustain competitiveness and fulfill ecological obligations. The study develops a supplier selection model based on extensive research and expert knowledge. The Delphi and MULTIMOORA techniques are employed to assess and prioritize suppliers according to green criteria, assuring conformity with environmental goals. Data are collected by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature and engaging in conversations with industry experts in order to acquire information for the construction of the model. The results emphasize the crucial significance of trust-based relationships with suppliers, rigorous compliance with quality standards in new product development, and substantial investment in employee training and development. Sector analysts view these characteristics as crucial for promoting sustainability and gaining a competitive advantage in the Iranian vehicle sector. This study provides firms with strategic instruments to effectively negotiate the intricacies of green supply chain management, with a particular focus on the need for adopting sustainable practices while selecting suppliers in the dynamic and competitive context of the Iranian automobile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to shed light on the importance of technological and digital developments in improving supply chains with an environmental dimension, and the resulting opportunities through which the organization can sustain its competitive capabilities in international markets. This study dealt with a certain number of axes, in the forefront of which digitization and its importance in the activity of Algerian companies in general, and within the green sectors in particular. Modern digitization mechanisms were also discussed, especially with the emergence of the Corona pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing businesses are concerned with doing well both environmentally and economically. Pointing out this view, this paper explores the game theoretical approach (Stackelberg and Bertrand) for a two-echelon green supply chain where the duopolistic manufacturers produce two substitutable green products and sell their products through a common retailer. The demands for both green products are functions of the selling prices and green levels (GLs). The effects of power structures on optimal price and green level decisions and associated equilibrium decisions are examined in three scenarios. Firstly, trilateral competition manufacturer-led Stackelberg (MS); secondly, retailer-led Stackelberg (RS); and thirdly, vertical collaboration, and compares the optimal decisions analytically. Our investigations show that, in addition to increasing the product's greening level, vertical collaboration creates a win–win situation for collaboration members, whereas the manufacturer outside the collaboration experiences a decline in profits. Additionally, we find that the overall profit from vertical collaboration is greater than the sum of the individual profits corresponding to two participants in the trilateral competition models (MS and RS). Further, a selection criterion is developed for retailer to select the most suitable manufacturer for vertical collaboration. Finally, a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis are performed to determine the impact of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study presents an integrated multi-product, multi-period queuing location-allocation model for a sustainable, three-level food supply chain involving farmlands, facilities, and markets. The model employs M/M/C/K queuing systems to optimize the transportation of goods, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach is used to identify optimal facility locations while maximizing profitability, minimizing driver waiting times, and reducing environmental impact. Methods: The grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the behavior of grasshopper swarms, is utilized to solve the model on a large scale. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, particularly in solving large-scale problems where traditional methods like GAMS fall short. Results: The results indicate that the proposed model, utilizing the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), effectively addresses complex and large-scale food supply chain problems. Compared to GAMS, GOA achieved similar outcomes with minimal differences in key metrics such as profitability (with a gap ranging from 0.097% to 1.11%), environmental impact (0.172% to 1.83%), and waiting time (less than 0.027%). In large-scale scenarios, GOA significantly reduced processing times, ranging from 20.45 to 64.78 s. The optimization of processing facility locations within the supply chain, based on this model, led to improved balance between cost (up to $74.2 million), environmental impact (122,112 hazardous units), and waiting time (down to 11.75 h). Sensitivity analysis further demonstrated that increases in truck arrival rates and product value had a significant impact on improving supply chain performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The corn supply chain is vital for food security and economic stability regionally and globally. This study integrates sustainable supply chain management with location optimization to address trade-offs from climate change, economic viability, and environmental impact while assuming the constant social obligation inherent in the supply chain structure. Methods: This study employs a mixed-integer programming (MIP) framework to optimize facility locations in North Dakota, including corn production zones as suppliers and ethanol plants as consumers. Primary objectives include cost minimization and greenhouse gas reduction, enabling the prioritization of economic or environmental goals as per organizational strategies and regulations. This approach ultimately maximizes resource utilization by ensuring efficient production and distribution practices. Results: The case study results highlight the optimal selection of 20 out of 30 corn production zones to meet statewide ethanol plant demand efficiently. Using compressed natural gas (CNG) instead of diesel could potentially save USD 2 million annually and cut carbon emissions by up to 1148 thousand tons per year, demonstrating meaningful progress toward economic and environmental sustainability within the supply network. Conclusions: The presented work offers a systematic methodology for designing sustainable supply chains for various agricultural products, aligning with the broader goal of promoting sustainability and resilience for efficient agricultural production and distribution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of individual supply chain actors in carbon emissions reduction (CER) is well-documented. However, it is critical to identify the conditions required to develop a systemic approach for encouraging these actors to share their visions and align their environmental strategy for CER. This study aims to identify the determinants (motivations, pressures, and incentives) and modalities (practices conducting greening transportation from shippers and logistics service providers (LSP) point of view) necessary for a better environmental alignment between actors for a CER initiative. Methods: We base our argument on a systemic literature review that points out 28 articles written in the period between 2010 and 2023 and fully aligned with the scope of our analysis. Results: The originality of our approach is that we focus on the interplay between shippers and LSPs to better understand the dynamics of green transportation practices. Conclusions: This paper invites researchers to adopt a dyadic approach to the phenomenon in order to better understand how the CER willingness is effectively diffused in the business interactions of shippers and LSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on a three-echelon supply chain consisting of a green supplier, a green manufacturer and a retailer. Considering the dynamic changes in product greenness, differential games are employed to investigate product prices, green efforts and coordination in the system. By comparing equilibrium results in various scenarios, it is found that supply chain decision-makers invest more in green efforts to maximize their profits under centralized decision, while they select pricing tools under decentralized decision. Importantly, when a local alliance composed of the supplier and manufacturer supplies products to the retailer at a flexible and dynamic wholesale price, the two-part tariff contract can fully coordinate the three-echelon green supply chain. The Rubinstein bargaining model is then used to optimize the profit allocation within the alliance. Additionally, the impact of green effort efficiency on decision-making is explored, revealing that green efforts depend on the efficiency of green efforts, while product pricing has nothing to do with the efficiency of efforts. The paper also points out that decentralization increases the probability of the supplier engaging in more green efforts than the manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: considering the resource-based view, embracing green supply chain management (GSCM) influences a firm's performance (FP). This study finds the nexus between GSCM and FP by analyzing the reporting trends among the authors, countries, and sources along with collaboration among countries and authors, the emerging topics, and different themes in this field with their impact, centrality, and density. Lastly, it probes into the different methodologies, affiliating concepts, influencers, drivers, and impacts of GSCM through content analysis. Design/methodology/approach: this paper spotted 1518 documents narrowed down to 938, pertinent to GSCM and performance, utilizing the Scopus database. It uses sources, authors, word analysis, coupling, network analysis of keywords, social structure, and conceptual structure analysis in the Biblioshiny package of Rstudio (Version 4.4.0) to identify the progress in the fields spanning through the decade (2014–2023). Moreover, content analysis has been used to study the concepts and contexts of different themes identified through thematic analysis. Findings: the study found Journal of cleaner production in sources, Sarkis in authors, and China in countries to have the highest no. of documents. Closed-loop, digital, and circular supply chains and Industry 4.0 have been identified as the trending topics. Moreover, the key themes identified are (1) Supply Chain Optimization Models for Sustainability, (2) Affiliating concepts to, and the relationship between, Sustainable Supply Chain Strategies and TBL Performance in Manufacturing Sectors of Developing Countries, (3) Life Cycle Analysis of Natural-Resource Based Supply Chains for Sustainability Assessment on TBL, and (4) Factors Influencing and Performances Impacted by GSCM. Originality/Value: this research adds to the previous literature by analyzing both the concepts of GSCM and FP collectively, and finding new themes in between their intersection. Implications: it will direct future researchers in choosing the right theme, methodology, intervening variables, affiliating concepts, and country and author collaboration for the fields related to GSCM and FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This research investigates the implications of incorporating blockchain technology into the process of making decisions for green supply chains, particularly under conditions of demand uncertainty. A model was formulated to encompass both environmentally friendly products enabled by blockchain technology and those without such enabling technology. The study further explores the optimal method of introducing green input in a duopoly market using game theory. It also examines how consumer uncertainty about green products and acceptance of the technical parameters of blockchain influence this strategy. The findings suggest that increased consumer uncertainty can, in some instances, motivate manufacturers to enhance the eco-friendliness of their products and improve supply chain performance. However, the universal adoption of blockchain does not necessarily ensure better results; on the contrary, it may compromise product sustainability while enhancing supply chain profitability. Moreover, research has indicated that products enabled by blockchain typically have lower prices, thereby offering potential benefits to consumers when acceptance of sustainable energy solutions is high or uncertain. Additionally, this paper analyzes the impact of changes in green supply chain decision-making on system reliability. This involves exploring the relationship between decision parameters and consumer reluctance towards sustainable products and the adoption of blockchain technology. To ensure stable market competition in dynamic complex systems, research shows that feedback control technology can effectively regulate unpredictable behavior.

Abstract With the accelerated advancements in artificial intelligence and the increasing emphasis on sustainable supply chain management, the integration of multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) into green supply chains has emerged as a critical research frontier. This study delves into the synergistic potential and challenges of combining multimodal AI, which leverages diverse data types such as text, images, and numerical data, to enhance decision-making processes in green supply chains. Through the meticulous design of a data strategy and model framework, this research establishes a sophisticated and efficient data processing and model training pipeline. The experimental results reveal that the comprehensive analysis and fusion of multimodal data significantly improve the prediction accuracy of key supply chain metrics, with observed increases in accuracy and recall rates by 12.4% and 9.8%, respectively. Additionally, the model's limitations are critically assessed, and targeted improvement strategies are proposed. The practical implications of this study are profound, offering actionable insights for the application of multimodal AI in real-world energy sector scenarios. The findings underscore the potential of this technology to optimize operations, reduce environmental impact, and drive sustainable growth in the energy industry.

This study examines how green supply chain management (GSCM) in emerging markets affects firms’ waste disposal practices in Thailand’s dynamic economy. Using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), we examined 320 Thai SMEs’ survey data to understand GSCM. The research reveals two key findings: A strong positive correlation exists between green supplier initiatives and green manufacturing processes, with suppliers’ sustainable efforts accounting for 27.2% of the variance in green practices (r-square = 0.272). This shows how much green supplier engagement affects manufacturing. Green distribution plays a significant role in promoting customer cooperation in the green economy, explaining 48.9% of the variance in customer engagement with sustainable practices (r-square = 0.489). Green supplier and distribution practices significantly impact waste disposal, but green manufacturing and customer cooperation fall short of anticipated impacts. Green supplier cooperation is essential for green manufacturing but does not directly lead to effective waste disposal, suggesting a disconnection and the potential for more integrated approaches. Green distribution helps meet customer demand for sustainable practices. This divergence suggests a potential oversight in GSCM implementation, emphasizing the need to integrate GSCM considerations into emerging market firms’ strategic frameworks and strategic policy interventions to improve waste disposal practices through GSCM adoption.

The fertilizer industry plays a crucial role in assuring the food security of a nation, but it also faces significant environmental obstacles. These problems often contribute to decreased supply chain efficiency and overall industrial productivity. The industry's focus on profit maximization hinders adopting green supply chain strategies. This paper examines company q's adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. This study evaluates its performance using the green supply chain operations reference (Green SCOR) model, scoring 73.54 out of 100, classifying it as 'good.' However, there is room for improvement, especially concerning key performance indicators (KPIs). This paper identifies six KPIs that fall below satisfactory levels and offers specific recommendations for improvement. This study significantly contributes to the fertilizer industry by providing actionable insights for practitioners and advancing theoretical understanding by highlighting key overlooked indicators. Furthermore, this research also emphasizes the crucial role of government policies in stimulating the implementation of sustainable supply chain practices.

This study investigates the green development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) by exploring the synergistic reduction of water pollution and carbon emissions. Firstly, a differential game model is constructed to reduce pollution and carbon in the water supply chain. Secondly, the emission reduction strategies of water source and receiving areas under centralized and decentralized decision models are compared and analyzed and a cost-sharing contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain. Finally, numerical analysis is used to compare and analyze the important parameters to draw conclusions. The results show that: (1) Collaboration between water source and receiving areas influences emission reduction efforts, with the highest achieved under the centralized model. (2) The cost-sharing contract improves efforts and addresses ‘free-riding’ in the decentralized model. (3) The SNWDP can achieve a win-win situation in terms of both environmental and economic benefits by promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction. HIGHLIGHTS Established a model for synergistic management of low carbon and water pollution control in water supply chain.; Investigated the benefits of low carbon and water pollution control in the water supply chain under various decision models.; Designed a cost-sharing contract to improve synergies in the water supply chain.; Carbon and pollution reduction can improve the economic and environmental benefits of the SNWDP.;

This paper constructs a dual-channel green supply chain model that includes a well-capitalized retailer and e-commerce platform, as well as a capital-constrained manufacturer. The manufacturer sells two different green quality products through the e-commerce platform and the retailer. There are two portfolio financing strategies for the manufacturer to choose and decide whether to use blockchain. We establish four models of whether to use blockchain under the EP financing strategy (e-commerce platform financing and prepayment financing) and the EB financing strategy (e-commerce platform financing and bank financing). By comparing the optimal solutions under four models, we discover some results. Firstly, we discover that the wholesale price will be higher than the selling price of the online channel when the product greenness difference between the two channels is large, and the optimal expected profit of the retailer is not related to product green differences. Secondly, the EP financing strategy is the optimal financing strategy choice for the manufacturer regardless of whether blockchain is used or not. Thirdly, when the cost per unit of using blockchain is greater than a certain threshold, the manufacturer should choose not to use blockchain. Finally, the manufacturer's acceptable blockchain usage threshold under the EP financing strategy is higher than under the EB financing strategy, and it decreases with the smaller product greenness difference between the two channels under the EP financing strategy. In addition, we also make an extension that verifies our model and findings are robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce, companies are increasingly focusing on their channel strategies to gain sustainable development. However, asymmetric demand information poses challenges to these decisions. This paper explores the interplay between a retailer's information sharing strategy and a manufacturer's channel strategy in a retailer-led green supply chain, where the manufacturer may establish an online channel to sell its green products directly. The dominant retailer has private demand information about the market and decides whether to share private information with the manufacturer. By establishing a game model, we analyze the impacts of information sharing and the manufacturer's channel strategy on the payoffs for all the supply chain members, considering sustainability aspects such as the environmental benefits of green products and the efficiency of supply chain operations. The results show that information sharing benefits both the retailer and the manufacturer, irrespective of the establishment of an online channel. When the retailer shares demand information, opening an online channel benefits the manufacturer but benefits the retailer under certain conditions. Furthermore, through a numerical approach, we examine the strategic preferences of the firms and derive the equilibrium strategy. Interestingly, the manufacturer consistently prefers the scenario involving both an online channel and information sharing. The retailer's preference, however, depends on the direct selling cost; it favors information sharing with or without an online channel based on this cost. Ultimately, our findings suggest that the equilibrium strategy can either be sharing information with an online channel or not sharing information without an online channel, which is contingent upon the direct selling cost and the forecast signal precision. These insights provide actionable strategies for enhancing the sustainability of supply chain operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green practices of companies related to Green supply chain management should also demonstrate their positive impact on companies' performance. This paper's goal is to investigate the impact of greening the supply chain on the competitiveness and economic performance of companies in the context of forest-based industry. The study empirically examines the relations between the greening of the phases of the supply chain, related environmental performance and companies' competitiveness and economic performance. A questionnaire-based survey was performed and data collected among the 333 companies engaged in the forest-based sector in Slovakia to apply a structural equation model. The findings show that companies' greening supply chain activities, emphasized by requirements for the environmental properties of purchased products and services, contribute to the improvement in environmental performance, which ultimately leads to improving their competitiveness and economic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the effort to limit global warming to 1.5°C above the pre-industrial level, decarbonization of supply chains is crucial. Companies will need to reduce not only their direct and indirect emissions (scope 1 and 2) but also their indirect emissions (scope 3). In some sectors, the upstream scope 3 emissions can actually be larger than the companies' direct emissions. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out to understand how previous research in the field of supply chain management (SCM) approached energy efficiency and energy management in the upstream supply chain. The results indicate that only a few studies have addressed energy efficiency within SCM, and the majority assess energy solely as total energy use, without exploring opportunities to reduce final energy use among upstream suppliers. Moreover, results show that there is a lack of standards and methods to assess suppliers' energy use, making it difficult for suppliers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises, to overcome barriers to implementing energy management. In conclusion, even though energy efficiency is a cost-effective means to reduce CO2 emissions, only a limited number of studies in the field of SCM have integrated energy efficiency, revealing a vast knowledge gap in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing public awareness of environmental protection, corporate social responsibility has become an important component of sustainable development and competitive advantage for many enterprises. Although there are many studies on corporate social responsibility in the supply chain, there is still a lack of research on the impact of corporate social responsibility on various decision-makers in the competitive green supply chain dominated by upstream enterprises. Therefore, taking into account the greenness and corporate social responsibility, the paper proposes three Stackelberg game models with the two-echelon supply chain consisting of two competing manufacturers and one socially responsible retailer. We develop a series of propositions and corollaries to determine the optimal solutions and offer some managerial insights. The main novelties and contributions of the paper can be demonstrated in two aspects. First, the paper simultaneously considers the impact of competition intensity and CSR level on wholesale prices, retail prices and greenness level. Second, the paper discusses the impact of two manufacturers with different market positions investing in green products on the profits and utility of supply chain members. Numerical illustrations prove that the level of corporate social responsibility is negatively correlated with retailer profitability and the retailer achieve the highest profits when sub-dominant manufacturer produces green products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a supply chain network that considers both economic and environmental factors. The network faces challenges related to multi‐item products and non‐homogenous vehicle types with different costs. Additionally, the production process involves multiple energy sources that emit different levels of air pollution. The main objective is to maximise profits while adhering to different carbon policies. To achieve this goal, the paper presents several supply chain models that are compared under different schemes: no carbon policy (basic one), carbon tax policy, carbon emission policy and carbon trading policy. These models were coded and solved to demonstrate their effectiveness for different conditions and scenarios. The results provide valuable insights for supply chain managers, enabling them to make well‐established decisions for executive planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, reverse logistics and sustainability are recognized as strategies to enhance the performance of supply chain processes and customer service and to reduce environmental impact, which is reflected in the planning of and reduction in costs throughout the production process. This article developed a bibliometric review that considered the growth of reverse logistics and sustainability from the perspective of different organizations, authors, thematic subareas, countries, journals, keywords, and volume of citations and publications. For this, a methodology was developed that consisted of reviewing previous research, obtaining the Scopus data set, applying the analysis with Microsoft Excel 365 and VOSviewer version 1.6.18 to determine the applications and trends of future research, and identifying the global impact in the last six years on organizations. The search equation with the application of filters resulted in 22,625 articles. The Sustainability Switzerland journal provided the most significant number of contributions in terms of publications, and the Journal of Cleaner Production stood out for its number of citations. Tseng, M.L. and Govindan, K. were the most active authors. China, the United States, and the United Kingdom were the most notable countries. Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China were the most influential institutions. The main findings were the recognition of the potential research lines and industry 4.0 technologies applied in supply chains and the development of sustainable processes with the fusion of reverse logistics, sustainability, and circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of increasingly prominent environmental issues, inspiring green supply chain (GSC) members to engage in collaborative innovation is crucial to improve environmental performance. In this paper, in relation to a two-level GSC consisting of manufacturers and suppliers, differential equations involving the greenness of intermediate and final products as state variables are constructed considering the effect of digital capability on green innovation. Subsequently, designs for three incentive mechanisms—the greenness reward, the R&D effort reward, and the digital construction reward—are presented, and their long-term dynamic effects on the economic, environmental, and social benefits are compared and analyzed. Finally, the impacts of consumer green preference and the contribution of digital capability to the advancement of green innovation are explored. The findings show that all these incentives can boost economic, environmental, and social benefits while motivating the supplier. To achieve the best incentive effect, the reward coefficient should fall within a specific range. The digital construction reward mechanism is the most favourable in the initial stage, while the R&D effort reward mechanism is the most appropriate in the long term. The promotion effects of digital capability on green innovation and consumer green preference have the potential to enhance economic, environmental, and social performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review and critical insights of the application of fuzzy methods in modeling, assessing and understanding the various aspects of green and sustainable supply chains (SSCs). Design/methodology/approach: The present study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 252 research articles. This study employs various tools such as VOSviewer version 1.6.10, Publish or Perish, Mendeley and Excel that aid in descriptive analysis, bibliometric analysis and network visualization. These tools have been used for performing citation analysis, top authors' analysis, co-occurrence of keywords, cluster and content analysis. Findings: The authors have divided the literature into seven application areas and discussed detailed insights. This study has observed that research in the social sustainability area, including various issues like health and safety, labor rights, discrimination, etc. is scarce. Integration of the Industry 4.0 technologies like blockchain, big data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) with the sustainable and green supply chain (GSC) is a promising field for future research. Originality/value: The authors' contribution primarily lies in providing the integrated framework which shows the changing trends in the use of fuzzy methods in the sustainability area classifying and consolidating green and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature in seven major areas where fuzzy methods are predominantly applied. These areas have been obtained after the analysis of clusters and content analysis of the literature presenting key insights from the past and developing the conceptual framework for future research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate how green supply chain management (GSCM) practices mediate the effect of Industry 4.0 technologies on operational and green innovation performances. Design/methodology/approach: To explore the study, data were collected from 225 different manufacturing industries in Pakistan. Gathered data were used to test the hypotheses using SmartPLS 3 software by using structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings reveal that operational and green innovation performances are directly affected by the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies and GSCM practices. Furthermore, the GSCM practices positively affect operational and green innovation performances. The study also investigated that the GSCM practices partially mediate the effect of Industry 4.0 on operational and green innovation performances. Research limitations/implications: This study has some limitations, the data of this study were majorly collected from large enterprises of Pakistani firms and related to the manufacturing sector only. So, there is a huge need for attention toward small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Very few researchers are focusing on SMEs, so future research can be on SMEs. It can be suggested that the relationship between digital technologies and green innovation performance can be tested through a quantitative procedure. Moreover, the effect of GSCM's aspects can be estimated on manageable execution. Originality/value: Through the mediating relationship of GSCM practices, this research has made a unique contribution by investigating the influence of Industry 4.0 on operational and green innovation performances. To the author's knowledge, no research has been undertaken in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of increasingly prominent environmental issues, inspiring green supply chain (GSC) members to engage in collaborative innovation is crucial to improve environmental performance. In this paper, in relation to a two-level GSC consisting of manufacturers and suppliers, differential equations involving the greenness of intermediate and final products as state variables are constructed considering the effect of digital capability on green innovation. Subsequently, designs for three incentive mechanisms—the greenness reward, the R&D effort reward, and the digital construction reward—are presented, and their long-term dynamic effects on the economic, environmental, and social benefits are compared and analyzed. Finally, the impacts of consumer green preference and the contribution of digital capability to the advancement of green innovation are explored. The findings show that all these incentives can boost economic, environmental, and social benefits while motivating the supplier. To achieve the best incentive effect, the reward coefficient should fall within a specific range. The digital construction reward mechanism is the most favourable in the initial stage, while the R&D effort reward mechanism is the most appropriate in the long term. The promotion effects of digital capability on green innovation and consumer green preference have the potential to enhance economic, environmental, and social performance.

The construction supply chain is presently the focus of considerable interest among numerous project-related businesses. Strong project management is essential for the effective completion of a project, since restricted budgets and time constraints are considered for each project. The research uses multi-objective linear programming to create a mathematical model of the building supply chain. The primary aims of the present investigation are to limit the expenses associated with logistics and to diminish the release of greenhouse gases caused by transportation. Given the reality of managing several projects concurrently, the model provided comprises a network of projects. Following the completion of each project, an inspection is arranged to assess its level of success. Estimating the costs of a project relies on several variables. In reality, there are always uncertainties highlighted in several studies about the uncertainty of cost and time parameters. This research incorporates many characteristics concurrently to simulate real-world settings and address the issue of uncertainty. The expression of uncertainty for all costs, activity length, inspection, supplier capacity, and resource demand are represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. Ultimately, the precision of the model's performance has been verified using a numerical illustration.

MSMEs that previously only relied on human resources are now forced to keep up with the times by utilizing IT in every process, from raw material procurement, production processes to distribution processes in order to remain competitive in facing a business world full of challenges. Information Technology, which is closely related to digitalization, can help companies gain sustainable competitiveness in the supply chain by improving certain asset relationships, facilitating information exchange, and building long-term cooperative relationships as a form of implementing Supply Chain Digitalization. The ability of MSMEs to implement green supply chain management is a unique ability to improve company performance. For example, a company can reduce production costs by involving its suppliers in several green initiatives, such as material recycling, environmentally friendly packaging, and efficient use of energy. Companies with high supply chain resilience will be strong and grow significantly in the face of crises, thereby minimizing losses. Therefore, companies with good supply chain resilience will have a competitive edge so they can grow faster and win the competition from their competitors. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effect of supply chain digitization, green supply chain, and supply chain resilience on competitiveness. This research is Explanatory Research. Data collection uses a questionnaire. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The total sample was 400 MSMEs Managers in Pamekasan Regency, and used data analysis, namely Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS software. The results highlighted that Supply Chain Digitalization, Green Supply Chain and Supply Chain Resilience has a direct and significant influence on MSMEs Performance. Moreover, Competitiveness partially mediates the relationship between Supply Chain Digitalization, Green Supply Chain and Supply Chain Resilience and MSMEs Performance. The findings of this study suggest that managers should be made aware that Supply Chain Digitalization, Green Supply Chain, Supply Chain Resilience can be an important driver for Competitiveness which in turn would enhance MSMEs Performance.