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The underutilization of digestate-derived polymers presents a pressing environmental concern as these valuable materials, derived from anaerobic digestion processes, remain largely unused, contributing to pollution and environmental degradation when left unutilized. This study explores the recovery and utilization of biodegradable polymers from biomass anaerobic digestate to enhance the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells while promoting environmental sustainability. The anaerobic digestion process generates organic residues rich in biodegradable materials, often considered waste. However, this research investigates the potential of repurposing these materials by recovering and transforming them into high-quality coatings or encapsulants for PV cells. The recovered biodegradable polymers not only improve the efficiency and lifespan of PV cells but also align with sustainability objectives by reducing the carbon footprint associated with PV cell production and mitigating environmental harm. The study involves a comprehensive experimental design, varying coating thickness, direct normal irradiance (DNI) (A), dry bulb temperature (DBT) (B), and relative humidity (C) levels to analyze how different types of recovered biodegradable polymers interact with diverse environmental conditions. Optimization showed that better result was achieved at A = 8 W/m2, B = 40 °C and C = 70% for both the coated material studied. Comparative study showed that for enhanced cell efficiency and cost effectiveness, EcoPolyBlend coated material is more suited however for improving durability and reducing environmental impact NanoBioCelluSynth coated material is preferable choice. Results show that these materials offer promising improvements in PV cell performance and significantly lower environmental impact, providing a sustainable solution for renewable energy production. This research contributes to advancing both the utilization of biomass waste and the development of eco-friendly PV cell technologies, with implications for a more sustainable and greener energy future. This study underscores the pivotal role of exploring anaerobic digestate-derived polymers in advancing the sustainability and performance of solar photovoltaic cells, addressing critical environmental and energy challenges of our time.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 7 Given name: [Ashok] Last name [Kumar Yadav]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.correct [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research into green technologies is driven by the worldwide push for eco‐friendly materials and energy solutions. The focus is on synergies that prioritize sustainability and environmental benefits. This study explores the potential of abundant, non‐toxic, and sustainable resources such as paper, lignin‐enriched paper, and cork for producing laser‐induced graphene (LIG) supercapacitor electrodes with improved capacitance. A single‐step methodology using a CO2 laser system is developed for fabricating these electrodes under ambient conditions, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional carbon sources. The resulting green micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) achieve impressive areal capacitance (≈7–10 mF cm−2) and power and energy densities (≈4 μW cm‐2 and ≈0.77 µWh cm−2 at 0.01 mA cm−2). Stability tests conducted over 5000 charge–discharge cycles demonstrate a capacitance retention of ≈80–85%, highlighting the device durability. These LIG‐based devices offer versatility, allowing voltage output adjustment through stacked and sandwich MSCs configurations (parallel or series), suitable for various large‐scale applications. This study demonstrates that it is possible to create high‐quality energy storage devices based on biodegradable materials. This development can lead to progress in renewable energy and off‐grid technology, as well as a reduction in electronic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating biodegradable and biocompatible materials for electronic applications can lead to tangible outcomes such as developing green-electronic devices and reducing the amount of e-waste. The proposed emulsion-based conducting ink formulation takes into consideration circular economy and green principles throughout the entire process, from the selection of materials to the production process. The ink is formulated using the biopolymer polylactic acid dissolved in a sustainable solvent mixed with water, along with conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver flakes as fillers. Hybrid conductive fillers can lower the percolation threshold of the ink and the production costs, while maintaining excellent electrical properties. The coating formed after the deposition of the ink, undergoes isothermal treatment at different temperatures and durations to improve its adhesion and electrical properties. The coating's performance was evaluated by creating an eight-finger interdigitated sensor using a Voltera PCB printer. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance when exposed to various loading and unloading pressures within the 0.2–500.0 kPa range. The results show a consistent correlation between the change in electrical resistance and the stress caused by the applied load. The ink is biodegradable in marine environments, which helps avoiding its accumulation in the ecosystem over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronics and mechatronics waste is an exponentially increasing environmental issue, especially for wearable devices, due to their widespread diffusion into society and short life cycle. To promote their enormous benefits (e.g., in assisting visually impaired individuals) in a sustainable way, biobased and/or biodegradable organic materials should be used instead of traditional components. This manuscript presents a multidisciplinary approach, which bridges materials science and mechatronics, to propose the first ECO‐friendly wearable vibroTACtile device (Eco‐Tac). The design of Eco‐Tac includes integration on a cotton t‐shirt through a novel biodegradable conductive ink forming electrical tracks, a flexible commercially available solar panel, and the vibrotactile haptic device itself. The ink comprises a green solvent, anisole, a soft polybutylene adipate terephthalate biodegradable binder, and conductive nanocarbon materials. The device case is a biodegradable biocomposite. As such, the feasibility of using a sustainable energy source to supply power to the device and the possibility of using biodegradable materials in its manufacturing are demonstrated. An experiment with 20 blindfolded subjects is conducted, reporting the device's potential for assistance in manipulation tasks. Overall, the results of this work represent the first significant step toward the creation of wearable and sustainable haptic devices with green electronics and mechatronics approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Investigating biodegradable and biocompatible materials for electronic applications can lead to tangible outcomes such as developing green-electronic devices and reducing the amount of e-waste. The proposed emulsion-based conducting ink formulation takes into consideration circular economy and green principles throughout the entire process, from the selection of materials to the production process. The ink is formulated using the biopolymer polylactic acid dissolved in a sustainable solvent mixed with water, along with conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver flakes as fillers. Hybrid conductive fillers can lower the percolation threshold of the ink and the production costs, while maintaining excellent electrical properties. The coating formed after the deposition of the ink, undergoes isothermal treatment at different temperatures and durations to improve its adhesion and electrical properties. The coating’s performance was evaluated by creating an eight-finger interdigitated sensor using a Voltera PCB printer. The sensor demonstrates exceptional performance when exposed to various loading and unloading pressures within the 0.2–500.0 kPa range. The results show a consistent correlation between the change in electrical resistance and the stress caused by the applied load. The ink is biodegradable in marine environments, which helps avoiding its accumulation in the ecosystem over time.

Abstract The underutilization of digestate-derived polymers presents a pressing environmental concern as these valuable materials, derived from anaerobic digestion processes, remain largely unused, contributing to pollution and environmental degradation when left unutilized. This study explores the recovery and utilization of biodegradable polymers from biomass anaerobic digestate to enhance the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells while promoting environmental sustainability. The anaerobic digestion process generates organic residues rich in biodegradable materials, often considered waste. However, this research investigates the potential of repurposing these materials by recovering and transforming them into high-quality coatings or encapsulants for PV cells. The recovered biodegradable polymers not only improve the efficiency and lifespan of PV cells but also align with sustainability objectives by reducing the carbon footprint associated with PV cell production and mitigating environmental harm. The study involves a comprehensive experimental design, varying coating thickness, direct normal irradiance (DNI) (A), dry bulb temperature (DBT) (B), and relative humidity (C) levels to analyze how different types of recovered biodegradable polymers interact with diverse environmental conditions. Optimization showed that better result was achieved at A = 8 W/m2, B = 40 °C and C = 70% for both the coated material studied. Comparative study showed that for enhanced cell efficiency and cost effectiveness, EcoPolyBlend coated material is more suited however for improving durability and reducing environmental impact NanoBioCelluSynth coated material is preferable choice. Results show that these materials offer promising improvements in PV cell performance and significantly lower environmental impact, providing a sustainable solution for renewable energy production. This research contributes to advancing both the utilization of biomass waste and the development of eco-friendly PV cell technologies, with implications for a more sustainable and greener energy future. This study underscores the pivotal role of exploring anaerobic digestate-derived polymers in advancing the sustainability and performance of solar photovoltaic cells, addressing critical environmental and energy challenges of our time.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 7 Given name: [Ashok] Last name [Kumar Yadav]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.correct

The biodegradable electronics are on the rise, not just due to their role in medical implants, but also because of their eco‐friendly attributes. A variety of methods, including transfer printing, have been employed to integrate inorganic electronics onto biodegradable polymer substrates. However, the use of expensive materials, multiple intermediary steps, and labor‐intensive procedures can undermine their environment‐friendly benefits. Here, a straightforward yet efficient fabrication method is introduced for creating high‐performance biodegradable electronic devices. This method leverages the controlled adhesion between the biodegradable device and substrate using self‐assembled monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane. Mechanical and thermal analyses based on scratch tests and time‐domain thermoreflectance quantify the adhesion by adjusting the packing density of octadecyltrichlorosilane. Controlled adhesion allows the photolithography process without delamination while facilitating easy delamination during transfer printing. The authors demonstrate the direct fabrication of electronics consisted of inorganic materials (Mg, Zn, SiO2, Si nanomembrane) on wafers and transfer‐printing onto polymer substrates via a single transfer step. This streamlined approach enables wafer‐scale fabrication of biodegradable electronics, highlighting its potential for mass manufacturing. Pilot conceptual demonstration of mass‐produced edible hydration sensors and their application in salivation measurement through in vivo model show the potential capability of proposed fabrication method in the use of practical level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in demand for low-carbon technology, green raw materials, and comfortable heating, academia and industry have paid considerable attention to cellulose-based electrothermal composites. This attention owes to the fact that cellulose is a versatile, abundant, low-cost, and sustainable material with beneficial properties. Here, we develop a novel strategy for fabricating flexible, transparent electrothermal heaters that are composed of both silver nanowire (AgNW)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrothermal composites and a regenerated cellulose (RC) matrix. The AgNWs were spin-coated onto glass substrates and easily transferred onto an RC surface through the coagulation and regeneration of the cellulose solution. PEDOT:PSS was coated onto the AgNW-coated RC matrix to improve the electrical and electrothermal properties of the film heaters. The PEDOT:PSS/AgNW/RC composite films demonstrated an excellent optical transmittance of 73.8% at 550 nm and a low sheet resistance of 11.2 Ω/sq. These composite heaters also exhibited a rapid heating response, uniform heat distribution, excellent heat generation, and robust structural stability. These electrothermal composites made from earth-abundant, low cost, and recyclable materials have great potential for green, flexible, transparent film heaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensors and transducers enable the robots' movements and interactions with humans and the environment. Particularly, tactile and motion sensors, even those inspired by the human skin, often miss many of its essential features. Indeed, the materials that constitute such sensors are often rigid and lack self‐healing and biodegradability. Furthermore, the large‐scale diffusion of these technologies propelled by robots spread in many aspects of the lives, from industrial to household settings, contributes heavily to the electronic and robotic waste problem. Recycling strategies for materials for robotics sensors are thus pivotal for future development. This work proposes self‐healable, recyclable, and biodegradable electrically conductive coatings. These coatings are based on conductive inks that combine graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanofibers with a soft biodegradable vitrimer binder and are realized by spray coating. The use of the vitrimer ensures satisfying adhesion to diverse substrates, flexibility, conformability, self‐healing, and recyclability of the conductive coating. This material is a sustainable alternative to standard conductive inks for flexible electronics and soft robotics. Indeed, tests for the live monitoring of SoftHand3, the grasping system of many worldwide diffused robots, have yielded promising results. The use of biodegradable ingredients and the possibility of recycling makes it an appealing material to face the sustainability issue of today's electronics and robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging fields of 5G and 6G telecommunication networks, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence have intensified the demand for green nanostructured materials with adjustable and intelligent features that respond to external stimuli. By leveraging the insulator-to-metal transition of VO2 nanoparticles, responsive composite films were developed by integrating these nanoparticles within a biopolymeric network of cationic cellulose nanofibers (CNF+). These films exhibit a reversible change in GHz permittivity upon exposure to thermal or optical stimuli, facilitating dynamic control of their electrical properties. The layered structure of the films further enhances their robustness, featuring a VO2 nanoparticle core encased within CNF+ layers. This design not only strengthens the structure but also significantly boosts light-induced conductivity, particularly in layered variant, underscoring its potential in optoelectronic applications. Simulation studies reveal that the nonuniform, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) of the developed mixed film adeptly manipulates incident electromagnetic waves, making it suitable for 5G/6G wireless signals. Conversely, the layered film serves as a switchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield, demonstrating notable differences in shielding efficiency between its hot and cold states. Consequently, CNF+/VO2 composite films designed in this work emerge as a versatile, adaptable platform for intelligent electronics, particularly in the realm of 5G/6G wireless communications.

In light of the growing concern for environmental protection and the alarming amount of waste produced due to hygiene regulations, this study suggests a biodegradable and eco-friendly solution that could make a significant contribution to the preservation of our planet. The developed solution was based on a polyhydroxybutyrate/polyhydroxyvalerate biopolymer, which has been tested regarding its physicochemical parameters and possible use in printed electrically conductive structures. Graphene nanoplatelets have been used as the conductive functional phase, due to literature reports of their potential use in biomedical applications and due to the potential of providing cytocompatibility in electrical structures by carbon nanomaterials. Prepared composites have been spray-coated onto PET film and paper substrates and then subjected to electrical, adhesion and optical measurements. In order to establish the conductivity of the developed composite, its resistance, layer thickness and surface topography were measured. Optical parameters have been specified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and spectrophotometry. The conducted research opens a wide path for the use of the polyhydroxybutyrate/polyhydroxyvalerate biopolymer with graphene nanoplatelets in biomedical applications, ensuring good conductivity, biocompatibility and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in soft, sticker‐like electronics, few efforts have dealt with the challenge of electronic waste. Here, this is addressed by introducing an eco‐friendly conductive ink for thin‐film circuitry composed of silver flakes and a water‐based polyurethane dispersion. This ink uniquely combines high electrical conductivity (1.6 × 105 S m−1), high resolution digital printability, robust adhesion for microchip integration, mechanical resilience, and recyclability. Recycling is achieved with an ecologically‐friendly processing method to decompose the circuits into constituent elements and recover the conductive ink with a decrease of only 2.4% in conductivity. Moreover, adding liquid metal enables stretchability of up to 200% strain, although this introduces the need for more complex recycling steps. Finally, on‐skin electrophysiological monitoring biostickers along with a recyclable smart package with integrated sensors for monitoring safe storage of perishable foods are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green electronics made from degradable materials have recently attracted special attention, because electronic waste (e‐waste) represents a serious threat to the environment and to human health worldwide. Among the novel materials used for sustainable technologies, nanocelluloses containing at least 1D in the nanoscale range (1–100 nm) have been widely exploited for various industrial applications owing to their inherent properties, such as biodegradability, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and optical transparency. This review highlights recent advances in research on the development of patterns for conductive material on nanocellulose substrates for use in high‐performance green electronics. The advantages of nanocellulose substrates compared to conventional paper substrates for advanced green electronics are discussed. Importantly, this review emphasizes various fabrication strategies for producing conductive patterns on different types of nanocellulose‐based substrates, such as cellulose nanofiber (CNF), (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl(TEMPO)‐oxidized CNF, regenerated cellulose, and bacterial cellulose. In the latter part of this review, emerging engineering applications for green electronics such as circuits, transistors/antennas, sensors, energy storage systems, and electrochromic devices are further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four pinaceae pine resins analyzed in this study: black pine, shore pine, Baltic amber, and rosin demonstrate excellent dielectric properties, outstanding film forming, and ease of processability from ethyl alcohol solutions. Their trap‐free nature allows fabrication of virtually hysteresis‐free organic field effect transistors operating in a low voltage window with excellent stability under bias stress. Such green constituents represent an excellent choice of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability of electronics and sensors, within the overall effort of sustainable electronics development and environmental friendliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern biosensors can provide real-time monitoring of individuals' health status, revolutionizing traditional healthcare diagnostics. As demand for these devices is continuously growing, the development of novel green materials and processes is mandatory to ensure sustainability. In this work, a simple laser direct writing approach was utilized to fabricate a novel green Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) glucose biosensor, whereby chitosan-based biofilms were used as writing feedstock material. Careful optimization of the biofilm composition was carried out in conjunction with the optimization of laser irradiation parameters to obtain bio-LIG structures with low sheet resistance and spectral characteristics of graphene-like materials. The surface of bio-LIG electrodes was modified with Prussian Blue nanoparticles and the electrocatalytic performance of bio-LIG sensors towards H2O2 was investigated using voltammetric techniques. The response of H2O2 was linear in the range 3 μM - 1 mM (sensitivity, 103.4 μA mM−1 cm−2 and the limit of detection (LOD), 1.9 μM). Following immobilization of glucose oxidase, the bio-LIG sensors showed a linear response of glucose in phosphate buffer (PBS) in the relevant physiological range of 25–300 μM (sensitivity, 457 nA mM−1 cm−2). The LOD was calculated as 9.6 μM. Additionally, the biosensor showed comparable results in artificial sweat.

Printing technologies have emerged as a viable method for the fabrication of various electronic components, including sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, thin-film transistors and circuits, as well as antennas. However, printing processes have limitations in terms of surface roughness and thickness. Printing conductive structures on novel substrates, such as cellulose-based sustainable paper, also leads to further challenges linked to the high surface porosity and ink carrier absorption. Herein, the variability of paper-based printed antenna performance due to different printing processes, ink carrier absorption, and temperature is investigated. The resonance frequency and gain of different printed antennas (e.g., screen, inkjet, and dispense-printed) are compared in terms of surface roughness, thickness, and resonance frequency. Screen-printed antennas show better performance compared to other printed antennas. The results show that the resonance frequency of antenna shifts 20, 30, and 50 MHz for screen printed, dispense printed, and inkjet printed respectively, from the nominal 2.6 GHz. In the case of the inkjet-printed antenna, a clear effect of skin depth is observed, due to the 0.91 μm thickness. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the permittivity/dielectric constant of the paper substrate is significantly influenced by ink carrier absorption and temperature variance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the recent advances in the field of batteryless near-field communication (NFC) sensors for chemical sensing and biosensing. The commercial availability of low-cost commercial NFC integrated circuits (ICs) and their massive integration in smartphones, used as readers and cloud interfaces, have aroused great interest in new batteryless NFC sensors. The fact that coil antennas are not importantly affected by the body compared with other wireless sensors based on far-field communications makes this technology suitable for future wearable point-of-care testing (PoCT) devices. This review first compares energy harvesting based on NFC to other energy-harvesting technologies. Next, some practical recommendations for designing and tuning NFC-based tags are described. Power transfer is key because in most cases, the energy harvested has to be stable for several seconds and not contaminated by undesired signals. For this reason, the effect of the dimensions of the coils and the conductivity on the wireless power transfer is thoroughly discussed. In the last part of the review, the state of the art in NFC-based chemical and biosensors is presented. NFC-based tags (or sensor tags) are mainly based on commercial or custom NFC ICs, which are used to harvest the energy from the RF field generated by the smartphone to power the electronics. Low-consumption colorimeters and potentiostats can be integrated into these NFC tags, opening the door to the integration of chemical sensors and biosensors, which can be harvested and read from a smartphone. The smartphone is also used to upload the acquired information to the cloud to facilitate the internet of medical things (IoMT) paradigm. Finally, several chipless sensors recently proposed in the literature as a low-cost alternative for chemical applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green textile‐based conductor with controllable electrical resistance change with deformation and transiency (i.e., dissolution in water) will be the holy grail in wearable electronics since it can satisfy divergent needs with a single solution and be sustainable simultaneously. Nevertheless, designing such material is challenging since opposite requirements shall be satisfied. To solve such a problem, cotton is functionalized using conductive inks made of graphene or carbon nanofiber, a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol binder, and environmentally friendly solvents. The electrical resistance shows an anisotropic response to bending depending on the composition of the coating and the stress direction, functioning either as a deformable compliant electrode or a tunable piezoresistor. Indeed, it can withstand thousands of bending cycles with a change in resistance of less than 5% or change its resistance by many orders of magnitude with the same deformation thanks to the combination of cotton twill and different nanofillers. A simple modification in the binder composition adding waterborne polyurethane allows the coating to go from entirely transient in water within minutes to withstanding simulated washing cycles for hours without losing its electrical conductivity. This green versatile conductor may serve opposing needs by altering the material composition and the deformation direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today's world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way. In this paper we want to analyze the state of the art of flexible electronics for the IoT, paying particular attention to the issue of sustainability. Furthermore, considerations will be made on how the skills required for the designers of such flexible circuits, the features required to the new design tools and the characterization of electronic circuits are changing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Four pinaceae pine resins analyzed in this study: black pine, shore pine, Baltic amber, and rosin demonstrate excellent dielectric properties, outstanding film forming, and ease of processability from ethyl alcohol solutions. Their trap‐free nature allows fabrication of virtually hysteresis‐free organic field effect transistors operating in a low voltage window with excellent stability under bias stress. Such green constituents represent an excellent choice of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability of electronics and sensors, within the overall effort of sustainable electronics development and environmental friendliness.

Abstract Despite advances in soft, sticker‐like electronics, few efforts have dealt with the challenge of electronic waste. Here, this is addressed by introducing an eco‐friendly conductive ink for thin‐film circuitry composed of silver flakes and a water‐based polyurethane dispersion. This ink uniquely combines high electrical conductivity (1.6 × 105 S m−1), high resolution digital printability, robust adhesion for microchip integration, mechanical resilience, and recyclability. Recycling is achieved with an ecologically‐friendly processing method to decompose the circuits into constituent elements and recover the conductive ink with a decrease of only 2.4% in conductivity. Moreover, adding liquid metal enables stretchability of up to 200% strain, although this introduces the need for more complex recycling steps. Finally, on‐skin electrophysiological monitoring biostickers along with a recyclable smart package with integrated sensors for monitoring safe storage of perishable foods are demonstrated.

The growing usage and consumption of electronics‐integrated items into the daily routine has raised concerns on the disposal and proper recycling of these components. Here, a fully sustainable and green technology for the fabrication of different electronics on fruit‐waste derived paper substrate, is reported. The process relies on the carbonization of the topmost surface of different cellulose‐based substrates, derived from apple‐, kiwi‐, and grape‐based processes, by a CO2 laser. By optimizing the lasing parameters, electronic devices, such as capacitors, biosensors, and electrodes for food monitoring as well as heart and respiration activity analysis, are realized. Biocompatibility tests on fruit‐based cellulose reveal no shortcoming for on‐skin applications. The employment of such natural and plastic‐free substrate allows twofold strategies for electronics recycling. As a first approach, device dissolution is achieved at room temperature within 40 days, revealing transient behavior in natural solution and leaving no harmful residuals. Alternatively, the cellulose‐based electronics is reintroduced in nature, as possible support for plant seeding and growth or even soil amendment. These results demonstrate the realization of green, low‐cost and circular electronics, with possible applications in smart agriculture and the Internet‐of‐Thing, with no waste creation and zero or even positive impact on the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing environmental concerns raised by the accumulation of electronic waste draws attention to the development of sustainable materials for short‐lived electronics. In this framework, printed capacitive humidity sensors and temperature resistive detectors composed exclusively of biodegradable materials: shellac, carbon‐derived particles, and egg‐albumin are reported. The sensor platform comprises interdigitated electrodes serving as a capacitive transducer for humidity sensing, and a serpentine used as a resistive temperature detector. Both the interdigitated and serpentine electrodes are manufactured by screen‐printing carbon ink on a shellac substrate. The humidity sensors are constructed by drop‐coating egg albumin on the interdigitated carbon electrodes and the temperature detector is prepared by encapsulating the serpentine design with shellac. Shellac is shown to be a biodegradable alternative to hydrophilic cellulose‐derived substrates, with the capacitive humidity sensors demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.011% RH−1. The response and recovery times on shellac are 12 and 20 times faster than on cellulose‐based substrate, and the serpentine resistive temperature detectors have a temperature coefficient of 5300 ppm K−1. At the end of their service‐life, the sensors produced are home compostable and can be environmentally friendly disposed, potentially enabling their future use for sustainable and environmentally friendly smart‐packaging, agricultural sensing, or point‐of‐care testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a NOT logic gate circuit based on a single memristor, and analyzes it for different biological memristive samples based on extracted resistances. The simple resistorvoltage representation of the memristor in the logic circuit is used to formulate a methodology to tune the parameters of the circuit in accordance with TTL voltage values. The logic circuit consists of two resistors in series with the memristor. The input is connected to one end of the memristor, and the output is drawn across the series connection of the second resistor, and the memristor. The methodology comprises of two steps, where, in the first step, the logic ‘low’ TTLinput voltages are examined, and in the second step, the circuit is evaluated for logic ‘high’ TTLinput voltages. The methodology reveals that there is a mínimum voltage value of ‘high’ TTL-input beyond which the output does not fall within the logic ‘low’ TTL-output. The proposed technique may be extended to evaluate novel memristive materials for single memristor-based NOT logic.

Anisotropic, nanoporous structures are promising materials for manipulating the propagation of electromagnetic waves at millimeter and sub-THz frequencies as well as for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with rapidly evolving green electronics. In this work, cell and surface architecture of sustainable hybrid cryogels of cellulose nanofibers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ti3C2TX MXene was controlled to adjust their GHz and THz dielectric permittivity and EMI shielding performance. Temperature gradient freeze-drying was used to obtain aligned honeycomb and lamellar pore structures with specific surface layer designs. The millimeter wave permittivity varied relative to thickness direction as the side of cryogels that was directly exposed to cold gradient had systematically a higher permittivity. This anisotropy was caused by a thin, smooth outermost surface layer covering the open core structure. The surface designs of all cryogels dominated signal permittivity, and the effects of higher MXene dosages could be offset by the surface layer. Cryogels with dense surface layer containing 70 and 50 wt % of MXene displayed very high average attenuation levels of 52.1 and 37.2 dB, respectively. Overall, the results show that the structural design of porous hybrid material can be used to adjust their EMI shielding performance at GHz and THz frequencies.

Sunflower‐inspired sun‐tracking systems have been arousing intensive investigations owing to their benefits to improve the efficiency of solar energy collection. Photodetector based on photosensitive semiconductors is a mainstream choice in the sun‐tracking system, which directs solar collectors always facing the sun. However, photosensitive semiconductors to date have usually hidden the disadvantages of environmental pollution after disposal. As for these problems, this work develops a green ionic liquid‐based photodetector, which displays reliable electrical feedback in response to sunlight. This liquid sunlight detector can be readily recycled with less laborious and costly operations. It obeys a light sensing mechanism of photothermal conversion, so it does not involve the problems related to dark current and light saturation. As a practical demonstration, the ionic liquid‐based photodetector is assembled into a sun‐tracking system, which successfully pursues the moving sun in a real time. When such a sun‐tracking system is in tandem with optical fiber concentrator, sunlight can be efficiently collected and transported to desired position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is a commercially available and biodegradable cellulose derivative, which is known to self‐assemble into chiral nematic liquid crystal phases in water. These features, including liquid crystal‐induced selective reflections in the visible range, make HPC an ideal biopolymer host material for dynamic structural color‐shifting materials. Herein, HPC is used as a starting matrix material and found that, by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) to an aqueous dispersion of HPC, the color saturation can be improved without influencing the structural color formation and simultaneously conferring electrical conductivity to the material. Additionally, up to 0.4 wt% of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) can be added to control and tune the rheological properties of the suspension allowing for 3D printability while also maintaining the structural colors. The HPC‐CNT‐CNF printed composite materials show application for flexible color‐changing devices in the form of a dual readout optical and resistive strain sensor and is used as the active material in a dynamic seven‐segment color display. This multipurpose color‐changing material has the potential to be used in the creation of eco‐friendly visual intelligent devices and biodegradable user interfaces and, as such, contributes to the advancement of the field of sustainable and green electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The transition to a sustainable society is driving the development of green electronic solutions designed to have a minimal environmental impact. One promising route to achieve this goal is to construct electronics from biobased materials like cellulose, which is carbon neutral, non‐toxic, and recyclable. This is especially true for internet‐of‐things devices, which are rapidly growing in number and are becoming embedded in every aspect of our lives. Here, paper‐based sensor circuits are demonstrated, which use triboelectric pressure sensors to help elderly people communicate with the digital world using an interface in the form of an electronic “book”, which is more intuitive to them. The sensors are manufactured by screen printing onto flexible paper substrates, using in‐house developed cellulose‐based inks with non‐hazardous solvents. The triboelectric sensor signal, generated by the contact between a finger and chemically modified cellulose, can reach several volts, which can be registered by a portable microcontroller card and transmitted by Bluetooth to any device with an internet connection. Apart from the microcontroller (which can be easily removed), the whole system can be recycled at the end of life.

Nature and its biodiversity provide academics with a plethora of research topics, including the development of dielectric layers based on natural compounds that do not require any purification process for use in electronic equipments. Nevertheless, the properties of natural substances must then be investigated, and a suitable low-cost coating technique must be established. This study looks at the physicochemical behavior of khaya gum (KG) which is a biopolymer derived from khaya Senegalese tree exudates. In the form of powder, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of khaya gum revealed an amorphous structure and a slightly rough surface morphology with apparent wrinkles, respectively. The presence of oxides such as Al2O3, CaO, SiO2, as well as a high concentration of CuO, were disclosed by X-ray fluorescence data. Furthermore, tiny amounts of strontium, rubidium, molybdenum, chlorine, cadmium, and others elements were detected in KG. Several functionalities were qualitatively identified using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. In the form of thin film, the absorption rate is low and the light transmittance exceeds 80%. The optical band gap was found to be around 4.15 eV. In regards of KG film dielectric properties, the capacitance frequency dependence exhibits conventional polar polymer dielectric behavior. At 1 kHz and room temperature, the estimated dielectric permittivity is between 6 and 10. These findings are intriguing, and they can be improved by combining different gum types for various applications in green opto-electronic systems. Highlights: A process was set up to deposit khaya gum films. Khaya film is found especially composed by copper, silicon and calcium oxides. A high optical band gap was deduced indicating high stability under illumination. Increasing temperature enhances conductivity and dielectric polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic devices with biomaterials have paved a way toward "green electronics" to create a sustainable future. Memristors are drawing growing attention with integrated sensing, memory, and computing for future artificial intelligence applications. Biomaterial is an emerging class of memristive materials (the device is called as biomemristor) for transient and/or biodegradable purpose. Importantly, several unique features such as faithful synaptic behaviors, bimodal switching, and biovoltage operations are observed in biomemristors. Moreover, the biomemristors are suitable for human‐related applications due to the inherent biocompatibility of biomaterials and flexibility of the device with ultrathin thickness. These features make the biomemristors promising for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Herein, the state of the art of biomemristors are comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed with particular attention on their unique biorealistic features. Challenges and prospects toward the further development of biomemristors are also provided and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a new class of energy harvesting devices that have the potential to become a dominating technology for producing renewable energy. The versatility of their designs allows TENGs to harvest mechanical energy from sources like wind and water. Currently used renewable energy technologies have a restricted number of materials from which they can be constructed, such as metals, plastics, semiconductors, and rare‐earth metals. These materials are all non‐renewable in themselves as they require mining/drilling and are difficult to recycle at end of life. TENGs on the other hand can be built from a large repertoire of materials, including materials from bio‐based sources. Here, a TENG constructed fully from wood‐derived materials like lignin, cellulose, paper, and cardboard, thus making it 100% green, recyclable, and even biodegradable, is demonstrated. The device can produce a maximum voltage, current, and power of 232 V, 17 mA m–2, and 1.6 W m–2, respectively, which is enough to power electronic systems and charge 6.5 µF capacitors. Finally, the device is used in a smart package application as a self‐powered impact sensor. The work shows the feasibility of producing renewable energy technologies that are sustainable both with respect to their energy sources and their material composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way. In this paper we want to analyze the state of the art of flexible electronics for the IoT, paying particular attention to the issue of sustainability. Furthermore, considerations will be made on how the skills required for the designers of such flexible circuits, the features required to the new design tools and the characterization of electronic circuits are changing.

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a new class of energy harvesting devices that have the potential to become a dominating technology for producing renewable energy. The versatility of their designs allows TENGs to harvest mechanical energy from sources like wind and water. Currently used renewable energy technologies have a restricted number of materials from which they can be constructed, such as metals, plastics, semiconductors, and rare‐earth metals. These materials are all non‐renewable in themselves as they require mining/drilling and are difficult to recycle at end of life. TENGs on the other hand can be built from a large repertoire of materials, including materials from bio‐based sources. Here, a TENG constructed fully from wood‐derived materials like lignin, cellulose, paper, and cardboard, thus making it 100% green, recyclable, and even biodegradable, is demonstrated. The device can produce a maximum voltage, current, and power of 232 V, 17 mA m–2, and 1.6 W m–2, respectively, which is enough to power electronic systems and charge 6.5 µF capacitors. Finally, the device is used in a smart package application as a self‐powered impact sensor. The work shows the feasibility of producing renewable energy technologies that are sustainable both with respect to their energy sources and their material composition.

Electronic devices with biomaterials have paved a way toward “green electronics” to create a sustainable future. Memristors are drawing growing attention with integrated sensing, memory, and computing for future artificial intelligence applications. Biomaterial is an emerging class of memristive materials (the device is called as biomemristor) for transient and/or biodegradable purpose. Importantly, several unique features such as faithful synaptic behaviors, bimodal switching, and biovoltage operations are observed in biomemristors. Moreover, the biomemristors are suitable for human‐related applications due to the inherent biocompatibility of biomaterials and flexibility of the device with ultrathin thickness. These features make the biomemristors promising for biorealistic neuromorphic applications. Herein, the state of the art of biomemristors are comprehensively summarized and systematically discussed with particular attention on their unique biorealistic features. Challenges and prospects toward the further development of biomemristors are also provided and discussed.

TEMPO‐oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC) with charged carboxyl groups is introduced for the efficient exfoliation of two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2/graphene composites. As an effective dispersant agent, ONFC can be easily absorbed between the adjacent layers, so as to prevent the accumulation of the exfoliated nanosheets. With the assistance of charged ONFC, the exfoliated MoS2/graphene is gradually increased in the aqueous dispersions with the elongated sonication time. After dewatering, self‐standing MoS2/Graphene/ONFC/CNTs composite films are rationally constructed using ONFC as flexible fibrous skeleton, and CNTs/graphene as 1D/2D interpenetrating electrical networks. Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets anchored on the 1D/2D heterogeneous networks is directly acted as an ideal paper‐anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) without using traditional metallic current collector. The self‐standing flexible electrode materials based on natural cellulose will promote the future green electronics with high flexibility, miniaturization, and increased portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible electronics will facilitate point‐of‐care testing through safe devices digested/degraded in the body/environment after performing a specific function. This technology, to thrive, requires a library of materials that are the basic building blocks for eatable platforms. Edible electrical conductors fabricated with green methods and at a large scale and composed of food derivatives, ingestible in large amounts without risk for human health are needed. Here, conductive pastes made with materials with a high tolerable upper intake limit (≥mg kg−1 body weight per day) are proposed. Conductive oleogel composites, made with biodegradable and food‐grade materials like natural waxes, oils, and activated carbon conductive fillers, are presented. The proposed pastes are compatible with manufacturing processes such as direct ink writing and thus are suitable for an industrial scale‐up. These conductors are built without using solvents and with tunable electromechanical features and adhesion depending on the composition. They have antibacterial and hydrophobic properties so that they can be used in contact with food preventing contamination and preserving its organoleptic properties. As a proof‐of‐principle application, the edible conductive pastes are demonstrated to be effective edible contacts for food impedance analysis, to be integrated, for example, in smart fruit labels for ripening monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of polymer‐based conductive inks has gained increasing interest in the areas of printed and molded electronics. Graphene‐based materials are explored in this scope, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) being among the most used conductive filler components of the inks. Herein, rGO is doped with nitrogen to obtain N‐rGO; the replacement of oxygen atoms by nitrogen ones increases the electrical conductivity of graphene. Polymer‐based conductive inks reinforced with graphene are developed based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as polymer binder and dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) as solvent, leading thus to environmentally friendly conductive inks. Screen‐printable inks are optimized in terms of viscosity and adhesion properties, leading to printed films with sheet resistance close to Rs = 1 kΩ sq−1, the graphene:PVP inks being also biocompatible and nontoxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand of disposable electronics raises serious concerns for the corresponding increase in the amount of electronic waste, with severe environmental impact. Organic and flexible electronics have been proposed long ago as a more sustainable and energy-efficient technological platform with respect to established ones. Yet, such technology is leading to a drastic increase of plastic waste if common approaches for flexible substrates are followed. In this scenario, biodegradable solutions can significantly limit the environmental impact, actively contributing to eliminate the waste streams (plastic or electronic) associated with disposal of devices. However, achieving suitably scalable processes to pattern mechanically robust organic electronics onto largely available biodegradable substrates is still an open challenge. In this work, all-organic and highly flexible field-effect transistors, inkjet printed onto the biodegradable and compostable commercial substrate Mater-Bi, are demonstrated. Because of the thermal instability of Mater-Bi, no annealing steps are applied, producing devices with limited carrier mobility, yet showing correct n-type behavior and robustness to bending and crumpling. The degradation behavior of the final system shows unaltered biodegradability level according to ISO 14851. These results represent a promising step toward sustainable flexible and large-area electronics, combining energy and materials efficient processes with largely available biodegradable substrates.

This article presents the realization of a bandpass filter on a flexible biopolymer substrate with a suitable fabrication process. We used copper adhesive tape and laser structuring to fabricate the filter based on a quasi‐lumped microstrip structure. The filter characteristics are a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, a bandwidth of 20%, and insertion loss of 1.2 dB. It is demonstrated that the filter's performance remains almost constant under different bending, folding, and rolling conditions. The results show that the proposed bio‐sourced polymer is a good candidate for flexible green electronics and wearable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an unconventional approach for the formation of self‐healable and recyclable anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) using soft composites of gelatin hydrogels and liquid metals (LMs). The capsules of LMs dispersed inside the gelatin matrix can present satisfactory anisotropic conductance for electrical connections of vertically aligned, fine electrodes at room temperature by applying compressive pressures. The minimization of the capsule size as well as the softness of these LM‐gelatin hybrid ACFs enables high‐resolution integrations of deformable electronic systems, which can increase the integrity of freeform devices. In addition, the good fluidity of LMs and strong hydrogen bonding in gelatin enable these ACFs to be self‐healable at ambient conditions and even recyclable with no significant degradations in either their original electrical or mechanical properties. The utilization of these ACFs to integrate multiple interconnections of micro‐light‐emitting diode arrays on a soft elastomeric substrate demonstrates a stretchable display with its reliable operations during mechanical deformations, suggesting a promising strategy for next‐generation freeform and eco‐friendly green electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerated cellulose (RC)-based materials, a major biomass resource, have been widely used in various applications, owing to their degradability, sustainability, and green nature. Here, we constructed silver nanowire (AgNW)-based conductive microelectrodes on various RC substrates. The AgNW patterns on glass substrates fabricated by polyethylene glycol photolithography were transferred onto the RC hydrogel surface by the coagulation and regeneration of the cellulose solution. The dried AgNW-patterned RC films exhibited a high optical transmittance of 79% at 550 nm, an excellent tensile strength of 210 MPa, and excellent sheet resistance of 1.03 Ω/sq. Moreover, they exhibited good adhesion stability and excellent bending durability, compared to AgNW-coated/patterned polyethylene terephthalate films. After 5000 bending and 30 peeling test cycles, no significant increase in the sheet resistance was observed in the AgNW-patterned RC films. The AgNW-patterned RC films were converted into the AgNW-patterned RC hydrogel films by a spontaneous swelling process in an aqueous solution. This conductive hydrogel film can be used as important components, such as the membrane and coating in bioelectronics interfaced with biological systems. We anticipate that this approach combined with conductive AgNW patterns and ecofriendly RC substrates can render these microelectrodes suitable candidates in the development of next-generation green electronics and high-performance bioelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper reports an unconventional approach for the formation of self‐healable and recyclable anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) using soft composites of gelatin hydrogels and liquid metals (LMs). The capsules of LMs dispersed inside the gelatin matrix can present satisfactory anisotropic conductance for electrical connections of vertically aligned, fine electrodes at room temperature by applying compressive pressures. The minimization of the capsule size as well as the softness of these LM‐gelatin hybrid ACFs enables high‐resolution integrations of deformable electronic systems, which can increase the integrity of freeform devices. In addition, the good fluidity of LMs and strong hydrogen bonding in gelatin enable these ACFs to be self‐healable at ambient conditions and even recyclable with no significant degradations in either their original electrical or mechanical properties. The utilization of these ACFs to integrate multiple interconnections of micro‐light‐emitting diode arrays on a soft elastomeric substrate demonstrates a stretchable display with its reliable operations during mechanical deformations, suggesting a promising strategy for next‐generation freeform and eco‐friendly green electronics.

Biodegradable or eco‐degradable electronics is an emerging field of technology capable of reducing the excessively increasing electronic waste originating from the rapid development of personalized and bio‐integrated devices and skin adhesive patches. Through an advantageous solution process, biodegradable conductive pastes can be employed in various applications of soft and flexible devices. Herein a biodegradable conductive paste composed of molybdenum (Mo) microparticles and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) exhibiting excellent mechanical flexibility and stretchability is reported, while also demonstrating substantially superior mechanical and conductive properties compared with previously reported biodegradable polymer matrices such as poly butanedithiol 1,3,5‐triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐(1H,3H,5H)‐trione pentenoic anhydride (PBTPA) and Candelilla wax (CW) owing to the significant elongation of PBAT. Moderate dissolution in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) accomplishes its full biodegradability and programmable lifecycle. Tetraglycol (TG) enhances elongation and conductivity performance by acting as a lubricant and improving the dispersion of microparticles. The practical implications of the Mo/PBAT pastes are demonstrated in numerous biodegradable electronic applications such as electrodes, strain and temperature sensors, joule heaters, interconnectors, and freestanding radiofrequency (RF) coils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco‐friendliness is becoming an indispensable feature for electrical and electronic equipment to thrive in the competitive market. This comprehensive review is the first to define eco‐friendly electronics in its multiple meanings: power saving devices, end‐of‐life impact attenuators, equipment whose manufacturing uses green processing, electronics that use materials that minimize environmental and health risks, designs that improve lifespan, reparability, etc. More specifically, this review discusses eco‐friendly technologies and materials that are being introduced to replace the well‐established ones. This is done for all material classes (metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites). Manufacturing, recycling, and final product characteristics are discussed in their various interconnected aspects. Additionally, the concept of consciously planned obsolescence is introduced to address the paradoxical relationship between durability and efficiency. The overall conclusions are that there is an important global trend to make electronics more eco‐friendly. However, matching the performance and stability of well‐established materials and technologies seems to be the main barrier to achieve it. These new implementations can have detrimental or beneficial net impacts on the environment. Assessing their net outcome is challenging because their impacts are frequently unknown and the current evaluation methods (and tools) are incapable of comprehensively quantifying these impacts and generating reliable verdicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are now causing challenging environmental issues, especially electronic waste (E‐waste) and microplastics. While no single solution exists to address all these complex problems, superworms' ingestion behavior toward plastics provides an innovative way to reduce plastic pollutions. Here, it is demonstrated that poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/montmorillonite (MMT) composites are biodegradable with versatile multifunctionalities originating from natural nacre‐inspired layered nanostructures. While their physical performances are modulated interdependently, eco‐biodegradability of the MMT/PEDOT:PSS composites are confirmed by the superworm's ingestion behaviors and their chemical changes after digestion. The electrically conductive composites with PEDOT:PSS also exhibit excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, flame retardancy, long‐term water stability, flexibility, and electrochemical properties. Combined with these inherent multifaceted properties, the eco‐biodegradable features of the MMT/PEDOT:PSS composites open a new direction to use electronic materials for emerging eco‐friendly applications, including green‐electronics, bioelectronics, and edible‐electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic and electronic devices currently face challenges in terms of improved efficiency of energy harvesting and light emission, renewable energy and materials, and the development of eco‐friendly materials. Owing to the emergence of world‐wide concerns about environmental degradation and the ensuing regulations, demand for environmentally friendly technology has been increasing in recent years. As the current technology of creating electronics and photonics devices based on semiconductors heavily relies on processes that produce a series of hazardous chemicals, development of renewable and eco‐friendly materials has become immensely important. Two of the most promising materials in this respect are silk and paper, and this progress report will investigate their unique properties for both photonic and electronic applications. These two natural materials have been intensively studied in the last decades and have shown promising aspects for use in future green technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic‐based electronics fill the gaps in conventional rigid silicon‐based devices toward the applications in soft interfaces. However, people in the future should also consider their potential environmental impact if tons of non‐degradable plastics are applied. Silk fibroin is a superior substrate alternative for the development of "green" electronics; whereas, the brittleness of silk films is still a major limitation impeding their practical use. Different from the widely reported polyphasic composite approaches, here a trace‐ion‐assisted plasticization strategy is developed, and shape‐engineerable pure silk fibroin paper (PSFP) is prepared for the first time, which can be engraved and crumpled like a sheet of paper in the dry state. The PSFPs exhibit higher tensile fracture energy (14.4 ± 4 kJ m−2) than any typical plastic‐electronic‐substrates as far as it is known. The intrinsic brittleness of pure silk films is overcome, and the PSFP can be easily engineered to form periodic meshes, electronic prototypes, and kirigami‐based devices, which are beyond the reported regenerated silk films or silk composite films. Moreover, the scrape coating method employed here is simple, highly repeatable, and suitable for scaled production of low‐cost PSFP continuously. Collectively, the PSFP is generalizable to various shapes and devices, represents an ideal substrate alternative to plastic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]