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1. Training “Pivots” from the Pandemic: Lessons Learned Transitioning from In-Person to Virtual Synchronous Training in the Clinical Scholars Leadership Program

Author

Fernandez CSP, Green MA, Noble CC, Brandert K, Donnald K, Walker MR, Henry E, Rosenberg A, Dave G, and Corbie-Smith G

Subjects
leadership, training, virtual, clinical scholars, pandemic, workforce development, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Claudia SP Fernandez,1 Melissa A Green,2 Cheryl C Noble,3 Kathleen Brandert,4 Katherine Donnald,5 Madison R Walker,1 Ellison Henry,1 Angela Rosenberg,5 Gaurav Dave,2 Giselle Corbie-Smith2 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 2Center for Health Equity Research, UNC School of Medicine Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 3Private Evaluation Consultancy, Scotts Valley, CA, USA; 4Office of Public Health Practice and Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; 5Inside Out Enneagram Consulting, Pittsboro, NC, USACorrespondence: Claudia SP FernandezDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 426 Rosenau Hall, 134 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USATel +1 919-843-5560Fax +1-919-966-0458Email Claudia_Fernandez@unc.eduIntroduction: Since the inception of distance-based teaching modalities, a debate has ensued over the quality of online versus in-person instruction. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of teaching environments—including leadership development trainings for post-graduate learners—have been thrust into exploring the virtual learning environment more thoroughly. One three-year leadership development program for interdisciplinary healthcare professionals transitioned three simultaneous leadership intensives from in-person to online in the spring of 2020.Methods: Documented changes in overall training length, session length, and session format are described. Further, evaluative data were collected from participants at both retreats via post-session surveys. Ninety-three participants attended the 2019 retreat, and 92 participants attended the 2020 virtual retreat. Quantitative data of three rating questions per session are reported: 1) overall session satisfaction, 2) participants’ reported knowledge gain, and 3) participants’ reported ability gain. Qualitative data were obtained via two open-ended feedback questions per session.Results: In comparing pre/post scores for knowledge and ability, participants had meaningful (and in some cases higher) self-reported gains in knowledge and ability measures in the online environment, as compared to the in-person environment. Participants reported statistically significant gains in all sessions for both knowledge and ability. Qualitative data of participant feedback identified a number of positive themes similar across the in-person and virtual settings. Negative or constructive feedback of the virtual setting included time constraint issues (eg too much content in one session, a desire for more sessions overall), technical difficulties, and the loss of social connection and networking with fellow participants as compared to in-person trainings.Discussion: While meaningful shifts in knowledge and ability ratings indicate that the transition to successful online learning is possible, several disadvantages remain. The preparation time for both faculty and participants was considerable, there is a need to reduce overall content in each session due to time restraints, and participants indicated feeling the loss of one-on-one connections with their peers in the training. Lessons learned of transitioning leadership training from in-person to an online experience are highlighted.Keywords: leadership, training, virtual, clinical scholars, pandemic, workforce development

Published
2021

2. Unveiling the Role of Ge in CZTSSe Solar Cells by Advanced Micro-To-Atom Scale Characterizations.

Author

Cong, J, He, M, Jang, JS, Huang, J, Privat, K, Chen, Y-S, Li, J, Yang, L, Green, MA, Kim, JH, Cairney, JM, Hao, X, Cong, J, He, M, Jang, JS, Huang, J, Privat, K, Chen, Y-S, Li, J, Yang, L, Green, MA, Kim, JH, Cairney, JM, and Hao, X

Abstract

Kesterite is an earth-abundant energy material with high predicted power conversion efficiency, making it a sustainable and promising option for photovoltaics. However, a large open circuit voltage Voc deficit due to non-radiative recombination at intrinsic defects remains a major hurdle, limiting device performance. Incorporating Ge into the kesterite structure emerges as an effective approach for enhancing performance by manipulating defects and morphology. Herein, how different amounts of Ge affect the kesterite growth pathways through the combination of advanced microscopy characterization techniques are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate the significance of incorporating Ge during the selenization process of the CZTSSe thin film. At high temperature, the Ge incorporation effectively delays the selenization process due to the formation of a ZnSe layer on top of the metal alloys through decomposition of the Cu-Zn alloy and formation of Cu-Sn alloy, subsequently forming of Cu-Sn-Se phase. Such an effect is compounded by more Ge incorporation that further postpones kesterite formation. Furthermore, introducing Ge mitigates detrimental "horizontal" grain boundaries by increasing the grain size on upper layer. The Ge incorporation strategy discussed in this study holds great promise for improving device performance and grain quality in CZTSSe and other polycrystalline chalcogenide solar cells.

Published
2024

3. Roadmap on optical energy conversion

Author

Boriskina, SV, Green, MA, Catchpole, K, Yablonovitch, E, Beard, MC, Okada, Y, Lany, S, Gershon, T, Zakutayev, A, Tahersima, MH, Sorger, VJ, Naughton, MJ, Kempa, K, Dagenais, M, Yao, Y, Xu, L, Sheng, X, Bronstein, ND, Rogers, JA, Alivisatos, AP, Nuzzo, RG, Gordon, JM, Wu, DM, Wisser, MD, Salleo, A, Dionne, J, Bermel, P, Greffet, JJ, Celanovic, I, Soljacic, M, Manor, A, Rotschild, C, Raman, A, Zhu, L, Fan, S, and Chen, G

Subjects
optical energy conversion, light harvesting, solar technology, photovoltaics, solar cell, Optics, Optical Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quantum Physics
Abstract

For decades, progress in the field of optical (including solar) energy conversion was dominated by advances in the conventional concentrating optics and materials design. In recent years, however, conceptual and technological breakthroughs in the fields of nanophotonics and plasmonics combined with a better understanding of the thermodynamics of the photon energy-conversion processes reshaped the landscape of energy-conversion schemes and devices. Nanostructured devices and materials that make use of size quantization effects to manipulate photon density of states offer a way to overcome the conventional light absorption limits. Novel optical spectrum splitting and photon-recycling schemes reduce the entropy production in the optical energy-conversion platforms and boost their efficiencies. Optical design concepts are rapidly expanding into the infrared energy band, offering new approaches to harvest waste heat, to reduce the thermal emission losses, and to achieve noncontact radiative cooling of solar cells as well as of optical and electronic circuitries. Light-matter interaction enabled by nanophotonics and plasmonics underlie the performance of the third- and fourth-generation energy-conversion devices, including up- and down-conversion of photon energy, near-field radiative energy transfer, and hot electron generation and harvesting. Finally, the increased market penetration of alternative solar energy-conversion technologies amplifies the role of cost-driven and environmental considerations. This roadmap on optical energy conversion provides a snapshot of the state of the art in optical energy conversion, remaining challenges, and most promising approaches to address these challenges. Leading experts authored 19 focused short sections of the roadmap where they share their vision on a specific aspect of this burgeoning research field. The roadmap opens up with a tutorial section, which introduces major concepts and terminology. It is our hope that the roadmap will serve as an important resource for the scientific community, new generations of researchers, funding agencies, industry experts, and investors.

Published
2016

4. Protecting the Leads of a Powered Magnet That is Protected With Diodes and Resistors

Author

Green, MA, Pan, H, Prestemon, SO, and Virostek, SP

Subjects
HTS leads, LTS leads, quench protection, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

MRI magnets and other magnets that have a low current and high self-inductance are passively quench-protected with a system that includes sub-divided coils with resistors and diodes that are in parallel with sections of the coils. The primary purpose of coil sub-division is to protect the coil from the high voltages that can occur during a quench. In the event of a lead failure (conventional or superconducting) between the coil and its power supply or its persistent switch, the total current in the coil flows through the diodes and resistors in parallel with the coil. When a lead fails, the current decay time constant for the coil current can be quite long. It is desirable that the coil quench in a time that is short compared to the coil current decay time constant. Experience shows that the heating from the resistors and diodes will eventually quench the magnet. This paper presents methods for shortening the time between a lead failure or a persistent switch failure and the eventual magnet quench. © 2011 IEEE.

Published
2012

5. Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

Author

Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, de Oliveira, E Lobo, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, Stuart-Panko, H, Demers, S, Wright, S, George, JT, Shen, X, Brockhouse, JT, O'Brien, DK, Ward, KC, Almon, L, Bates, J, Rycroft, R, Mueller, L, Phillips, C, Brown, H, Cromartie, B, Schwartz, AG, Vigneau, F, MacKinnon, JA, Wohler, B, Bayakly, AR, Clarke, CA, Glaser, SL, West, D, Green, MD, Hernandez, BY, Johnson, CJ, Jozwik, D, Charlton, ME, Lynch, CF, Huang, B, Tucker, TC, Deapen, D, Liu, L, Hsieh, MC, Wu, XC, Stern, K, Gershman, ST, Knowlton, RC, Alverson, J, Copeland, GE, Rogers, DB, Lemons, D, Williamson, LL, Hood, M, Hosain, GM, Rees, JR, Pawlish, KS, Stroup, A, Key, C, Wiggins, C, Kahn, AR, Schymura, MJ, Leung, G, Rao, C, Giljahn, L, Warther, B, Pate, A, Patil, M, Schubert, SS, Rubertone, JJ, Slack, SJ, Fulton, JP, Rousseau, DL, Janes, TA, Schwartz, SM, Bolick, SW, Hurley, DM, Richards, J, Whiteside, MA, Nogueira, LM, Herget, K, Sweeney, C, Martin, J, Wang, S, Harrelson, DG, Cheteri, MB Keitheri, Farley, S, Hudson, AG, Borchers, R, Stephenson, L, Espinoza, JR, Weir, HK, Edwards, BK, Wang, N, Yang, L, Chen, JS, Song, GH, Gu, XP, Zhang, P, Ge, HM, Zhao, DL, Zhang, JH, Zhu, FD, Tang, JG, Shen, Y, Wang, J, Li, QL, Yang, XP, Dong, J, Li, W, Cheng, LP, Chen, JG, Huang, QH, Huang, SQ, Guo, GP, Wei, K, Chen, WQ, Zeng, H, Demetriou, AV, Pavlou, P, Mang, WK, Ngan, KC, Kataki, AC, Krishnatreya, M, Jayalekshmi, PA, Sebastian, P, Sapkota, SD, Verma, Y, Nandakumar, A, Suzanna, E, Keinan-Boker, L, Silverman, BG, Ito, H, Nakagawa, H, Hattori, M, Kaizaki, Y, Sugiyama, H, Utada, M, Katayama, K, Narimatsu, H, Kanemura, S, Koike, T, Miyashiro, I, Yoshii, M, Oki, I, Shibata, A, Matsuda, T, Nimri, O, Ab Manan, A, Pathy, N Bhoo, Chimedsuren, O, Tuvshingerel, S, Al Khater, AHM, Al-Eid, H, Jung, KW, Won, YJ, Chiang, CJ, Lai, MS, Suwanrungruang, K, Wiangnon, S, Daoprasert, K, Pongnikorn, D, Geater, SL, Sriplung, H, Eser, S, Yakut, CI, Hackl, M, Mühlböck, H, Oberaigner, W, Zborovskaya, AA, Aleinikova, OV, Henau, K, Van Eycken, L, Dimitrova, N, Valerianova, Z, Šekerija, M, Zvolský, M, Engholm, G, Storm, H, Innos, K, Mägi, M, Malila, N, Seppä, K, Jégu, J, Velten, M, Cornet, E, Troussard, X, Bouvier, AM, Faivre, J, Guizard, AV, Bouvier, V, Launoy, G, Arveux, P, Maynadié, M, Mounier, M, Fournier, E, Woronoff, AS, Daoulas, M, Clavel, J, Le Guyader-Peyrou, S, Monnereau, A, Trétarre, B, Colonna, M, Cowppli-Bony, A, Molinié, F, Bara, S, Degré, D, Ganry, O, Lapôtre-Ledoux, B, Grosclaude, P, Estève, J, Bray, F, Piñeros, M, Sassi, F, Stabenow, R, Eberle, A, Erb, C, Nennecke, A, Kieschke, J, Sirri, E, Kajueter, H, Emrich, K, Zeissig, SR, Holleczek, B, Eisemann, N, Katalinic, A, Brenner, H, Asquez, RA, Kumar, V, Ólafsdóttir, EJ, Tryggvadóttir, L, Comber, H, Walsh, PM, Sundseth, H, Devigili, E, Mazzoleni, G, Giacomin, A, Bella, F, Castaing, M, Sutera, A, Gola, G, Ferretti, S, Serraino, D, Zucchetto, A, Lillini, R, Vercelli, M, Busco, S, Pannozzo, F, Vitarelli, S, Ricci, P, Pascucci, C, Autelitano, M, Cirilli, C, Federico, M, Fusco, M, Vitale, MF, Usala, M, Cusimano, R, Mazzucco, W, Michiara, M, Sgargi, P, Maule, MM, Sacerdote, C, Tumino, R, Di Felice, E, Vicentini, M, Falcini, F, Cremone, L, Budroni, M, Cesaraccio, R, Contrino, ML, Tisano, F, Fanetti, AC, Maspero, S, Candela, G, Scuderi, T, Gentilini, MA, Piffer, S, Rosso, S, Sacchetto, L, Caldarella, A, La Rosa, F, Stracci, F, Contiero, P, Tagliabue, G, Dei Tos, AP, Zorzi, M, Zanetti, R, Baili, P, Berrino, F, Gatta, G, Sant, M, Capocaccia, R, De Angelis, R, Liepina, E, Maurina, A, Smailyte, G, Agius, D, Calleja, N, Siesling, S, Visser, O, Larønningen, S, Møller, B, Dyzmann-Sroka, A, Trojanowski, M, Gózdz, S, Mezyk, R, Gradalska-Lampart, M, Radziszewska, AU, Didkowska, JA, Wojciechowska, U, Blaszczyk, J, Kepska, K, Bielska-Lasota, M, Kwiatkowska, K, Forjaz, G, Rego, RA, Bastos, J, Silva, MA, Antunes, L, Bento, MJ, Mayer-da-Silva, A, Miranda, A, Coza, D, Todescu, AI, Valkov, MY, Adamcik, J, Safaei Diba, C, Primic-Žakelj, M, Žagar, T, Stare, J, Almar, E, Mateos, A, Quirós, JR, Bidaurrazaga, J, Larrañaga, N, Díaz García, JM, Marcos, AI, Marcos-Gragera, R, Vilardell Gil, ML, Molina, E, Sánchez, MJ, Sureda, P Franch, Montserrat, M Ramos, Chirlaque, MD, Navarro, C, Ardanaz, EE, Moreno-Iribas, CC, Fernández-Delgado, R, Peris-Bonet, R, Galceran, J, Khan, S, Lambe, M, Camey, B, Bouchardy, C, Usel, M, Ess, SM, Herrmann, C, Bulliard, JL, Maspoli-Conconi, M, Frick, H, Kuehni, CE, Schindler, M, Bordoni, A, Spitale, A, Chiolero, A, Konzelmann, I, Dehler, SI, Matthes, KL, Rashbass, J, Stiller, CA, Fitzpatrick, D, Gavin, A, Bannon, F, Black, RJ, Brewster, DH, Huws, DW, White, C, Finan, P, Allemani, C, Bonaventure, A, Carreira, H, Coleman, MP, Di Carlo, V, Harewood, R, Liu, K, Matz, M, Montel, L, Nikšić, M, Rachet, B, Sanz, N, Spika, D, Stephens, R, Peake, M, Murphy, MFG, Chalker, E, Newman, L, Baker, D, Soeberg, MJ, Aitken, J, Scott, C, Stokes, BC, Venn, A, Farrugia, H, Giles, GG, Threlfall, T, Currow, D, You, H, Hendrix, J, Lewis, C, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Bonaventure, Audrey, Harewood, Rhea, Stiller, Charles A, Gatta, Gemma, Clavel, Jacqueline, Stefan, Daniela C, Carreira, Helena, Spika, Devon, Marcos-Gragera, Rafael, Peris-Bonet, Rafael, Piñeros, Marion, Sant, Milena, Kuehni, Claudia E, Murphy, Michael F G, Coleman, Michel P, and Allemani, Claudia

Published
2017
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7. Pengembangan Aplikasi Ujian Daring Interaktif Berbasis Web di Universitas Nusantara Manado

Author

Standy Oei, Green Manueke, Lucky Mangkey, and Owen Mamahit

Subjects
aplikasi, ujian daring, interaktif, berbasis web, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Education
Abstract

Abstrak— Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan aplikasi ujian daring interaktif berbasis web. Adanya kebutuhan dari dosen dan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran daring, dan untuk bisa menerapkan ujian daring yang bisa diakses melalui internet. Pengembangan aplikasi menggunakan model Waterfall. Perancangan menggunakan used cased, activity, dan data flow diagram. Koding aplikasi web menggunakan html, css, dan javascipt. Dari hasil implementasi pengembangan dan pengujian blackbox test dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ujian daring interaktif, sudah berhasil dibuat. Aplikasi ini memiliki dukungan hosting dan pemeliharaan dengan feedback dan update.

Published
2024
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8. Kesterite Solar Cells: Insights into Current Strategies and Challenges

Author

He, M, Yan, C, Li, J, Suryawanshi, MP, Kim, J, Green, MA, Hao, X, He, M, Yan, C, Li, J, Suryawanshi, MP, Kim, J, Green, MA, and Hao, X

Abstract

Earth-abundant and environmentally benign kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) is a promising alternative to its cousin chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) for photovoltaic applications. However, the power conversion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has been stagnant at 12.6% for years, still far lower than that of CIGS (23.35%). In this report, insights into the latest cutting-edge strategies for further advance in the performance of kesterite solar cells is provided, particularly focusing on the postdeposition thermal treatment (for bare absorber, heterojunction, and completed device), alkali doping, and bandgap grading by engineering graded cation and/or anion alloying. These strategies, which have led to the step-change improvements in the power conversion efficiency of the counterpart CIGS solar cells, are also the most promising ones to achieve further efficiency breakthroughs for kesterite solar cells. Herein, the recent advances in kesterite solar cells along these pathways are reviewed, and more importantly, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is provided, and promising directions for the ongoing development of kesterite solar cells are proposed.

Published
2021

9. Using loyalty card records and machine learning to understand how self-medication purchasing behaviours vary seasonally in England, 2012–2014

Author

Davies, A, Green, MA, Riddlesden, D, and Singleton, AD

Abstract

This paper examines objective purchasing information for inherently seasonal self-medication product groups using transaction-level loyalty card records. Predictive models are applied to predict future monthly self-medication purchasing. Analyses are undertaken at the lower super output area level, allowing the exploration of ~300 retail, social, demographic and environmental predictors of purchasing. The study uses a tree ensemble predictive algorithm, applying XGBoost using one year of historical training data to predict future purchase patterns. The study compares static and dynamic retraining approaches. Feature importance rank comparison and accumulated local effects plots are used to ascertain insights of the influence of different features. Clear purchasing seasonality is observed for both outcomes, reflecting the climatic drivers of the associated minor ailments. Although dynamic models perform best, where previous year behaviour differs greatly, predictions had higher error rates. Important features are consistent across models (e.g. previous sales, temperature, seasonality). Feature importance ranking had the greatest difference where seasons changed. Accumulated local effects plots highlight specific ranges of predictors influencing self-medication purchasing. Loyalty card records offer promise for monitoring the prevalence of minor ailments and reveal insights about the seasonality and drivers of over-the-counter medicine purchasing in England.

Published
2020

10. Defect Control for 12.5% Efficiency Cu2ZnSnSe4 Kesterite Thin-Film Solar Cells by Engineering of Local Chemical Environment

Author

Li, J, Huang, Y, Huang, J, Liang, G, Zhang, Y, Rey, G, Guo, F, Su, Z, Zhu, H, Cai, L, Sun, K, Sun, Y, Liu, F, Chen, S, Hao, X, Mai, Y, Green, MA, Li, J, Huang, Y, Huang, J, Liang, G, Zhang, Y, Rey, G, Guo, F, Su, Z, Zhu, H, Cai, L, Sun, K, Sun, Y, Liu, F, Chen, S, Hao, X, Mai, Y, and Green, MA

Abstract

Kesterite-based Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 semiconductors are emerging as promising materials for low-cost, environment-benign, and high-efficiency thin-film photovoltaics. However, the current state-of-the-art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 devices suffer from cation-disordering defects and defect clusters, which generally result in severe potential fluctuation, low minority carrier lifetime, and ultimately unsatisfactory performance. Herein, critical growth conditions are reported for obtaining high-quality Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layers with the formation of detrimental intrinsic defects largely suppressed. By controlling the oxidation states of cations and modifying the local chemical composition, the local chemical environment is essentially modified during the synthesis of kesterite phase, thereby effectively suppressing detrimental intrinsic defects and activating desirable shallow acceptor Cu vacancies. Consequently, a confirmed 12.5% efficiency is demonstrated with a high VOC of 491 mV, which is the new record efficiency of pure-selenide Cu2ZnSnSe4 cells with lowest VOC deficit in the kesterite family by Eg/q-Voc. These encouraging results demonstrate an essential route to overcome the long-standing challenge of defect control in kesterite semiconductors, which may also be generally applicable to other multinary compound semiconductors.

Published
2020

11. Grain Quality Engineering for Organic Metal Halide Perovskites Using Mixed Antisolvent Spraying Treatment

Author

Lee, DS, Bing, J, Kim, J, Green, MA, Huang, S, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Lee, DS, Bing, J, Kim, J, Green, MA, Huang, S, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Herein, a mixed anti-solvent treatment by spraying acetonitrile (ACN)-added chlorobenzene (CBZ) for the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films is proposed. While the lower-boiling-point ACN preserves the morphology of the perovskite film, it has a significant impact on perovskite crystallization dynamics. While CBZ is responsible for facilitating nucleation, ACN performs two functions. ACN as a weak polarity solvent allows the organic salt in the perovskite complex to be redissolved for perovskite formation and loosens the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–PbI2 bond for more rapid perovskite crystallization. For the mixed anti-solvent treatment to be successful, an appropriate amount of ACN is the key and the use of spraying to dispense the mixed anti-solvent is crucial. This is due to the more instant and rapid reaction caused by the ACN which is faster than spreading the ACN across the substrate by the spinning motion. The resultant film using an appropriate mixed anti-solvent treatment is a pinhole-free high-quality perovskite film with larger grain and enhanced crystallinity compared with CBZ-only treatment film. The best solar cell using this mixed anti-solvent treatment with 20% of ACN and 80% of CBZ achieves a PCE of 20.1% due to the reduced recombination.

Published
2020

12. Improvement of Cs-(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 quality via DMSO-molecule-control to increase the efficiency and boost the long-term stability of 1 cm2 sized planar perovskite solar cells

Author

Liu, X, Shi, L, Huang, J, Liu, Z, Zhang, P, Yun, JS, Soufiani, AM, Seidel, J, Sun, K, Hameiri, Z, Stride, JA, Zhang, Y, Green, MA, Lin, H, Hao, X, Liu, X, Shi, L, Huang, J, Liu, Z, Zhang, P, Yun, JS, Soufiani, AM, Seidel, J, Sun, K, Hameiri, Z, Stride, JA, Zhang, Y, Green, MA, Lin, H, and Hao, X

Published
2019

13. Fast-food outlet availability and obesity: Considering variation by age and methodological diversity in 22,889 Yorkshire Health Study participants

Author

Hobbs, M, Griffiths, C, Green, MA, Jordan, H, Saunders, J, Christensen, A, McKenna, J, Hobbs, M, Griffiths, C, Green, MA, Jordan, H, Saunders, J, Christensen, A, and McKenna, J

Abstract

© 2018 This study investigated if the relationship between residential fast-food outlet availability and obesity varied due to methodological diversity or by age. Cross-sectional data (n = 22,889) from the Yorkshire Health Study, England were used. Obesity was defined using self-reported height and weight (BMI ≥ 30). Food outlets (“fast-food” “large supermarkets” and “convenience or other food retail outlets”) were mapped using Ordnance Survey Points of Interest (PoI) database. Logistic regression was used for all analyses. Methodological diversity included adjustment for other food outlets as covariates and continuous count vs. quartile. The association between residential fast-food outlets and obesity was inconsistent and effects remained substantively the same when considering methodological diversity. This study contributes to evidence by proposing the use of a more comprehensive conceptual model adjusting for wider markers of the food environment. This study offers tentative evidence that the association between fast-food outlets and obesity varies by age.

Published
2019

14. Examining longitudinal associations between the recreational physical activity environment, change in body mass index, and obesity by age in 8864 Yorkshire Health Study participants.

Author

Hobbs, M, Griffiths, C, Green, MA, Christensen, A, McKenna, J, Hobbs, M, Griffiths, C, Green, MA, Christensen, A, and McKenna, J

Abstract

The environment may lead to lower body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk by providing opportunities to be physically active. However, while intuitively appealing, associations are often inconsistent in direction and small scale. This longitudinal study examined if change in BMI and obesity was associated with the availability of physical activity (PA) facilities and parks and explored if these associations differed by age. Longitudinal data (n = 8,864, aged 18-86 years) were provided at baseline (wave I: 2010-2012) and follow up (wave II: 2013-2015) of the Yorkshire Health Study. BMI was calculated using self-reported height (cm) and weight (kg) (obesity = BMI≥30.00). To define availability, home addresses were geocoded based on postcode zone centroids and neighbourhood was defined as a 2 km radial buffer. PA facilities were sourced from Ordnance Survey Points of Interest (PoI) and parks were sourced from OpenStreetMap. Environmental data temporally matched individual-level baseline data collection. PA facilities (b = -0.006 [-0.015, 0.003]) and parks (b = -0.001 [-0.015, 0.013]) at baseline were not associated with change in BMI. Change in obesity was unrelated to parks (OR = 0.994 [0.975, 1.015]) and while PA facilities were related (OR = 0.979 [0.965, 0.993]), effects were small. A combined measure of the recreational PA environment including parks and PA facilities was unrelated to change in BMI and obesity. Despite this, statistically significant interactions were found for both PA facilities, parks, and change in obesity by age. Based on the premise that an individual's mobility varies with age, and although effects were small, this offers tentative evidence which suggests it may be useful for policymakers in Public Health and Planning to consider the impact of environmental interventions across the life course.

Published
2019

15. Is adolescent body mass index and waist circumference associated with the food environments surrounding schools and homes? A longitudinal analysis

Author

Green, MA, Radley, D, Lomax, N, Morris, MA, and Griffiths, C

Subjects
Male, Pediatric Obesity, Schools, Geography, Adolescent, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Commerce, lcsh:RA1-1270, Adolescents, United Kingdom, Diet, Body Mass Index, Food Supply, Fast food, Residence Characteristics, Fast Foods, Humans, Female, Obesity, UK, Longitudinal Studies, Waist Circumference, Child, Research Article
Abstract

Background There has been considerable interest in the role of access to unhealthy food options as a determinant of weight status. There is conflict across the literature as to the existence of such an association, partly due to the dominance of cross-sectional study designs and inconsistent definitions of the food environment. The aim of our study is to use longitudinal data to examine if features of the food environment are associated to measures of adolescent weight status. Methods Data were collected from secondary schools in Leeds (UK) and included measurements at school years 7 (ages 11/12), 9 (13/14), and 11 (15/16). Outcome variables, for weight status, were standardised body mass index and standardised waist circumference. Explanatory variables included the number of fast food outlets, supermarkets and ‘other retail outlets’ located within a 1 km radius of an individual’s home or school, and estimated travel route between these locations (with a 500 m buffer). Multi-level models were fit to analyse the association (adjusted for confounders) between the explanatory and outcome variables. We also examined changes in our outcome variables between each time period. Results We found few associations between the food environment and measures of adolescent weight status. Where significant associations were detected, they mainly demonstrated a positive association between the number of amenities and weight status (although effect sizes were small). Examining changes in weight status between time periods produced mainly non-significant or inconsistent associations. Conclusions Our study found little consistent evidence of an association between features of the food environment and adolescent weight status. It suggests that policy efforts focusing on the food environment may have a limited effect at tackling the high prevalence of obesity if not supported by additional strategies.

Published
2018

16. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Wang, H, Liddell, CA, Coates, MM, Mooney, MD, Levitz, CE, Schumacher, AE, Apfel, H, Iannarone, M, Phillips, B, Lofgren, KT, Sandar, L, Dorrington, RE, Rakovac, I, Jacobs, TA, Liang, X, Zhou, M, Zhu, J, Yang, G, Wang, Y, Liu, S, Li, Y, Ozgoren, AA, Abera, SF, Abubakar, I, Achoki, T, Adelekan, A, Ademi, Z, Alemu, ZA, Allen, PJ, AlMazroa, MA, Alvarez, E, Amankwaa, AA, Amare, AT, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Cunningham, SA, Asad, MM, Assadi, R, Banerjee, A, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bhutta, Z, Blore, JD, Basara, BB, Boufous, S, Breitborde, N, Bruce, NG, Bui, LN, Carapetis, JR, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, DO, Caso, V, Castro, RE, Catalá-Lopéz, F, Cavlin, A, Che, X, Chiang, PP, Chowdhury, R, Christophi, CA, Chuang, TW, Cirillo, M, da Costa Leite, I, Courville, KJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davis, A, Dayama, A, Deribe, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Dilmen, U, Ding, EL, Edmond, KM, Ermakov, SP, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Fijabi, DO, Foigt, N, Forouzanfar, MH, Garcia, AC, Geleijnse, JM, Gessner, BD, Goginashvili, K, Gona, P, Goto, A, Gouda, HN, Green, MA, Greenwell, KF, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hammami, M, Harb, HL, Hay, Simon, Hedayati, MT, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Idrisov, BT, Islami, F, Ismayilova, S, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, G, Jonas, JB, Juel, K, Kabagambe, EK, Kazi, DS, Kengne, AP, Kereselidze, M, Khader, YS, Khalifa, SE, Khang, YH, Kim, D, Kinfu, Y, Kinge, JM, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Defo, BK, Kumar, GA, Kumar, K, Kumar, RB, Lai, T, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Lee, JT, Leinsalu, M, Lim, SS, Lipshultz, SE, Logroscino, G, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, RA, Ma, S, Mahdi, AA, Marzan, MB, Mashal, MT, Mazorodze, TT, McGrath, JJ, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, A, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mohammad, KA, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Montico, M, Moore, AR, Moschandreas, Joanna, Msemburi, WT, Mueller, UO, Muszynska, MM, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, KS, Narayan, KM, Nejjari, C, Ng, M, de Dieu Ngirabega, J, Nieuwenhuijsen, MJ, Nyakarahuka, L, Ohkubo, T, Omer, SB, Caicedo, AJ, Pillay-van Wyk, V, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Rahman, SU, Rana, SM, Reilly, RQ, Rojas-Rueda, D, Ronfani, L, Rushton, L, Saeedi, MY, Salomon, JA, Sampson, U, Santos, IS, Sawhney, M, Schmidt, JC, Shakh-Nazarova, M, She, J, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Shin, HH, Shishani, K, Shiue, I, Sigfusdottir, ID, Singh, JA, Skirbekk, V, Sliwa, K, Soshnikov, SS, Sposato, LA, Stathopoulou, VK, Stroumpoulis, K, Tabb, KM, Talongwa, RT, Teixeira, CM, Terkawi, AS, Thomson, AJ, Thorne-Lyman, AL, Toyoshima, H, Dimbuene, ZT, Uwaliraye, P, Uzun, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vasconcelos, AM, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Waller, S, Wan, X, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, RG, Westerman, R, Wilkinson, JD, Williams, HC, Yang, YC, Yentur, GK, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Jin, KY, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zhu, S, Vos, T, Lopez, AD, and Murray, CJ

Abstract

Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints. We used Gaussian process regression with adjustments for bias and non-sampling error to synthesise the data for under-5 mortality for each country, and a separate model to estimate mortality for more detailed age groups. We used explanatory mixed effects regression models to assess the association between under-5 mortality and income per person, maternal education, HIV child death rates, secular shifts, and other factors. To quantify the contribution of these different factors and birth numbers to the change in numbers of deaths in under-5 age groups from 1990 to 2013, we used Shapley decomposition. We used estimated rates of change between 2000 and 2013 to construct under-5 mortality rate scenarios out to 2030.We estimated that 6·3 million (95% UI 6·0-6·6) children under-5 died in 2013, a 64% reduction from 17·6 million (17·1-18·1) in 1970. In 2013, child mortality rates ranged from 152·5 per 1000 livebirths (130·6-177·4) in Guinea-Bissau to 2·3 (1·8-2·9) per 1000 in Singapore. The annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2013 ranged from -6·8% to 0·1%. 99 of 188 countries, including 43 of 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, had faster decreases in child mortality during 2000-13 than during 1990-2000. In 2013, neonatal deaths accounted for 41·6% of under-5 deaths compared with 37·4% in 1990. Compared with 1990, in 2013, rising numbers of births, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, led to 1·4 million more child deaths, and rising income per person and maternal education led to 0·9 million and 2·2 million fewer deaths, respectively. Changes in secular trends led to 4·2 million fewer deaths. Unexplained factors accounted for only -1% of the change in child deaths. In 30 developing countries, decreases since 2000 have been faster than predicted attributable to income, education, and secular shift alone.Only 27 developing countries are expected to achieve MDG 4. Decreases since 2000 in under-5 mortality rates are accelerating in many developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The Millennium Declaration and increased development assistance for health might have been a factor in faster decreases in some developing countries. Without further accelerated progress, many countries in west and central Africa will still have high levels of under-5 mortality in 2030.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US Agency for International Development.

Published
2018

17. Learning HIP: Speaking the Language of Healthcare

Author

Wilcox, MPH, Matthew, primary, Wiehe, MD, MPH, Sarah E., additional, Hudson, MA, Brenda L., additional, Schicho, Fiona, additional, Hicks, PhD, Ivan D., additional, Green, MA, Andrew, additional, and Craig, PhD, David M., additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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18. Erratum to 'The histology of ovarian cancer: Worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)' [Gynecol. Oncol. 144 (2017) 405–413](S0090825816314974)(10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.10.019)

Author

Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Sant, M, Chirlaque, MD, Visser, O, Gore, M, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, and Robb, KI

Subjects
Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

© 2017 Unfortunately, the original publication of the article includes errors in the author list for the CONCORD Working Group members (pages 411–412). The CONCORD Working Group members for the Registro de Câncer de São Paulo (Brazil) should read MRDO Latorre, LF Tanaka; the correct affiliation for DC Stefan is Umtata University (South Africa); the correct affiliation for N Bhoo-Pathy is University of Malaya (Malaysia); the correct affiliation for O Chimedsuren is Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences – MNUMS (Mongolia); the affiliation for G Gatta and M Sant should read Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (Italy); and for the United Kingdom, correct initials for C Stiller should read CA Stiller. Due to a miscommunication during the process of transferring this manuscript from our editorial team to Production, the CONCORD Working Group authors were not properly indexed in PubMed. This has now been corrected online. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Published
2017

20. Large area efficient interface layer free monolithic perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cell with over 20% efficiency

Author

Zheng, J, Lau, CFJ, Mehrvarz, H, Ma, FJ, Jiang, Y, Deng, X, Soeriyadi, A, Kim, J, Zhang, M, Hu, L, Cui, X, Lee, DS, Bing, J, Cho, Y, Chen, C, Green, MA, Huang, S, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Zheng, J, Lau, CFJ, Mehrvarz, H, Ma, FJ, Jiang, Y, Deng, X, Soeriyadi, A, Kim, J, Zhang, M, Hu, L, Cui, X, Lee, DS, Bing, J, Cho, Y, Chen, C, Green, MA, Huang, S, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells show great promise for further efficiency enhancement for current silicon photovoltaic technology. In general, an interface (tunnelling or recombination) layer is usually required for electrical contact between the top and the bottom cells, which incurs higher fabrication costs and parasitic absorption. Most of the monolithic perovskite/Si tandem cells demonstrated use a hetero-junction silicon (Si) solar cell as the bottom cell, on small areas only. This work is the first to successfully integrate a low temperature processed (≤150 °C) planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell on a homo-junction silicon solar cell to achieve a monolithic tandem without the use of an additional interface layer on large areas (4 and 16 cm2). Solution processed SnO2 has been effective in providing dual functions in the monolithic tandem, serving as an ETL for the perovskite cell and as a recombination contact with the n-type silicon homo-junction solar cell that has a boron doped p-type (p++) front emitter. The SnO2/p++ Si interface is characterised in this work and the dominant transport mechanism is simulated using Sentaurus technology computer-aided design (TCAD) modelling. The champion device on 4 cm2 achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.0% under reverse-scanning with a VOC of 1.68 V, a JSC of 16.1 mA cm-2 and a high FF of 78% yielding a steady-state efficiency of 20.5%. As our monolithic tandem device does not rely on the SnO2 for lateral conduction, which is managed by the p++ emitter, up scaling to large areas becomes relatively straightforward. On a large area of 16 cm2, a reverse scan PCE of 17.6% and a steady-state PCE of 17.1% are achieved. To our knowledge, these are the most efficient perovskite/homo-junction-silicon tandem solar cells that are larger than 1 cm2. Most importantly, our results demonstrate for the first time that monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells can be achieved with excellent perfor

Published
2018

21. Mixed 3D–2D Passivation Treatment for Mixed-Cation Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells for Higher Efficiency and Better Stability

Author

Cho, Y, Soufiani, AM, Yun, JS, Kim, J, Lee, DS, Seidel, J, Deng, X, Green, MA, Huang, S, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Cho, Y, Soufiani, AM, Yun, JS, Kim, J, Lee, DS, Seidel, J, Deng, X, Green, MA, Huang, S, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Layered low-dimensional perovskite structures employing bulky organic ammonium cations have shown significant improvement on stability but poorer performance generally compared to their 3D counterparts. Here, a mixed passivation (MP) treatment is reported that uses a mixture of bulky organic ammonium iodide (iso-butylammonium iodide, iBAI) and formammidinium iodide (FAI), enhancing both power conversion efficiency and stability. Through a combination of inactivation of the interfacial trap sites, characterized by photoluminescence measurement, and formation of an interfacial energetic barrier by which ionic transport is reduced, demonstrated by Kelvin probe force microscopy, MP treatment of the perovskite/hole transport layer interface significantly suppresses photocurrent hysteresis. Using this MP treatment, the champion mixed-halide perovskite cell achieves a reverse scan and stabilized power conversion efficiency of 21.7%. Without encapsulation, the devices show excellent moisture stability, sustaining over 87% of the original performance after 38 d storage in ambient environment under 75 ± 20% relative humidity. This work shows that FAI/iBAI, is a new and promising material combination for passivating perovskite/selective-contact interfaces.

Published
2018

22. Scaling limits to large area perovskite solar cell efficiency

Author

Wilkinson, B, Chang, NL, Green, MA, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Wilkinson, B, Chang, NL, Green, MA, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated efficiencies over 20%, but this has not been reproduced at large areas. We explore the theoretical limit to single large area perovskite solar cell efficiency, with different front conductive layers: first, the standard n-i-p structure with a transparent conductive electrode (TCE) at the substrate, and then structures that include a front metal grid. We model and optimize the impact of the thickness of the TCE and the dimensions of the grid elements to balance series resistance, parasitic absorption in the TCE layer, and shading losses to maximize efficiency. The results of the optimization suggest that the efficiency of the standard design can be significantly improved simply by selecting the optimum TCE thicknesses for the cell size. However, the poor scaling of the standard design prevents the fabrication of efficient large area cells. Adding a metal grid allows the efficiency of large area cells (156 mm × 156 mm) to approach that of small cells and exceed 20%. The maximum efficiency is limited by the minimum width of the metal grid elements and the sheet resistance of the metal grid material. In this context, the performances of fluorine-doped tin oxide and indium tin oxide as TCE materials were compared, with indium tin oxide found to be superior. We also explore the limits of performance when connecting multiple cells in series to form a large area minimodule and determine the conditions when a front grid is beneficial. Design rules are presented that allow researchers to calculate the optimum cell parameters for high efficiency.

Published
2018

23. Reduction of Threading Dislocation Density in Sputtered Ge/Si(100) Epitaxial Films by Continuous-Wave Diode Laser-Induced Recrystallization

Author

Liu, Z, Hao, X, Huang, J, Ho-Baillie, A, Green, MA, Liu, Z, Hao, X, Huang, J, Ho-Baillie, A, and Green, MA

Abstract

We have developed a cost-effective, up-scalable, and high-throughput method combining continuous-wave (CW) diode laser and magnetron sputtering for fabricating low-defect single-crystalline Ge films for high-efficiency III-V solar cell applications. CW diode laser-induced recrystallization is demonstrated to dramatically reduce the threading dislocation density (TDD) of sputter-deposited single-crystalline Ge/Si epitaxial films by more than 3 orders of magnitude. This might be due to the change of growth mechanism from initial Ge/Si heteroepitaxy in the sputtering process to Ge/Ge homoepitaxy by the laser-induced lateral recrystallization process, overcoming the typical issue of Ge/Si lattice mismatch to achieve low TDD.

Published
2018

24. Manufacturing cost and market potential analysis of demonstrated roll-to-roll perovskite photovoltaic cell processes

Author

Chang, NL, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Vak, D, Gao, M, Green, MA, Egan, RJ, Chang, NL, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Vak, D, Gao, M, Green, MA, and Egan, RJ

Abstract

Perovskite photovoltaic solar cells and modules can be manufactured using roll-to-roll (R2R) techniques, which have the potential for very low cost production. Understanding cost barriers and drivers that will impact its future commercial viability can beneficially guide research directions. Because processes, materials and equipment for manufacturing are still under development, it is difficult to estimate these costs accurately. We use a cost method developed to allow for uncertainty in the input assumptions to analyse three demonstrated R2R compatible manufacturing sequences and two potential optimised sequences. Using these novel methods, we have identified and quantified key cost barriers; high cost materials P3HT and PCBM, the use of evaporation for the rear metal deposition, and the transparent ITO coating. We project that technology developments in these key areas would halve the expected manufacturing cost to US$37/m±30%. With 68% GFF, 10% PCE and a 3 year lifetime, such R2R perovskite modules would be competitive with existing flexible PV products in the market on a $/W and power to weight basis. To compete with Si and CdTe in the flat plate PV market, PCE and lifetimes in excess of 15% and 15 years respectively would be required.

Published
2018

25. Erratum to 'The histology of ovarian cancer: Worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)' [Gynecol. Oncol. 144 (2017) 405-413]

Author

Matz, Melissa, Coleman, Michel P., Sant, Milena, Chirlaque, Maria Dolores, Visser, Otto, Gore, Martin, Allemani, Claudia, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, Sh, El Mistiri, Mm, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, Ss, Sewpaul-sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, Oj, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, Nim, Stefan, Dc, Abdel-rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, Ms, Laura, Ea, Espinola, Sb, Calabrano, Gh, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, Da, Giacciani, Pl, Diumenjo, Mc, Laspada, Wd, Green, Ma, Lanza, Mf, Ibañez, Sg, Lima, Ca, Lobo De Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, Pcf, Melo, Cd, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, Mp, De Oliveira, Jc, Veneziano, Cla, Veneziano, Db, Latorre, Mrdo, Tanaka, Lf, Azevedo E. Silva, G, Galaz, Jc, Moya, Ja, Herrmann, Da, Vargas, S, Herrera, Vm, Uribe, Cj, Bravo, Le, Arias-ortiz, Ne, Jurado, Dm, Yépez, Mc, Galán, Yh, Torres, P, Martínez-reyes, F, Pérez-meza, Ml, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, Jg, Torres-cintrón, Cr, Tortolero-luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, Aj, Woods, Rr, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, Mccrate, Fr, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, Rad, Macintyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, De, Mcclure, C, Vriends, Ka, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, K, Stuart-panko, H, Demers, S, Wright, S, George, Jt, Shen, X, Brockhouse, Jt, O'brien, Dk, Ward, Kc, Almon, L, Bates, J, Rycroft, R, Mueller, L, Phillips, C, Brown, H, Cromartie, B, Schwartz, Ag, Vigneau, F, Mackinnon, Ja, Wohler, B, Bayakly, Ar, Clarke, Ca, Glaser, Sl, West, D, Green, Md, Hernandez, By, Johnson, Cj, Jozwik, D, Charlton, Me, Lynch, Cf, Huang, B, Tucker, Tc, Deapen, D, Liu, L, Hsieh, Mc, Wu, Xc, Stern, K, Gershman, St, Knowlton, Rc, Alverson, J, Copeland, Ge, Rogers, Db, Lemons, D, Williamson, Ll, Hood, M, Hosain, Gm, Rees, Jr, Pawlish, Ks, Stroup, A, Key, C, Wiggins, C, Kahn, Ar, Schymura, Mj, Leung, G, Rao, C, Giljahn, L, Warther, B, Pate, A, Patil, M, Schubert, Ss, Rubertone, Jj, Slack, Sj, Fulton, Jp, Rousseau, Dl, Janes, Ta: Schwartz, Bolick, Sw, Hurley, Dm, Richards, J, Whiteside, Ma, Nogueira, Lm, Herget, K, Sweeney, C, Martin, J, Wang, S, Harrelson, Dg, Keitheri Cheteri, Mb, Farley, S, Hudson, Ag, Borchers, R, Stephenson, L, Espinoza, Jr, Weir, Hk, Edwards, Bk, Wang, N, Yang, L, Chen, Js, Song, Gh, Gu, Xp, Zhang, P, Ge, Hm, Zhao, Dl, Zhang, Jh, Zhu, Fd, Tang, Jg, Shen, Y, Wang, J, Li, Ql, Yang, Xp, Dong, J, Li, W, Cheng, Lp, Chen, Jg, Huang, Qh, Huang, Sq, Guo, Gp, Wei, K, Chen, Wq, Zeng, H, Demetriou, Av, Pavlou, P, Mang, Wk, Ngan, Kc, Kataki, Ac, Krishnatreya, M, Jayalekshmi, Pa, Sebastian, P, Sapkota, Sd, Verma, Y, Nandakumar, A, Suzanna, E, Keinan-boker, L, Silverman, Bg, Ito, H, Nakagawa, H, Hattori, M, Kaizaki, Y, Sugiyama, H, Utada, M, Katayama, K, Narimatsu, H, Kanemura, S, Koike, T, Miyashiro, I, Yoshii, M, Oki, I, Shibata, A, Matsuda, T, Nimri, O, Ab Manan, A, Bhoo-pathy, N, Tuvshingerel, S, Chimedsuren, O, Al Khater, Ahm, Al-eid, H, Jung, Kw, Won, Yj, Chiang, Cj, Lai, Ms, Suwanrungruang, K, Wiangnon, S, Daoprasert, K, Pongnikorn, D, Geater, Sl, Sriplung, H, Eser, S, Yakut, Ci, Hackl, M, Mühlböck, H, Oberaigner, W, Zborovskaya, Aa, Aleinikova, Ov, Henau, K, Van Eycken, L, Dimitrova, N, Valerianova, Z, Šekerija, M, Zvolský, M, Engholm, G, Storm, H, Innos, K, Mägi, M, Malila, N, Seppä, K, Jégu, J, Velten, M, Cornet, E, Troussard, X, Bouvier, Am, Faivre, J, Guizard, Av, Bouvier, V, Launoy, G, Arveux, P, Maynadié, M, Mounier, M, Fournier, E, Woronoff, As, Daoulas, M, Clavel, J, Le Guyader-peyrou, S, Monnereau, A, Trétarre, B, Colonna, M, Cowppli-bony, A, Molinié, F, Bara, S, Degré, D, Ganry, O, Lapôtre-ledoux, B, Grosclaude, P, Estève, J, Bray, F, Piñeros, M, Sassi, F, Stabenow, R, Eberle, A, Erb, C, Nennecke, A, Kieschke, J, Sirri, E, Kajueter, H, Emrich, K, Zeissig, Sr, Holleczek, B, Eisemann, N, Katalinic, A, Brenner, H, Asquez, Ra, Kumar, V, Ólafsdóttir, Ej, Tryggvadóttir, L, Comber, H, Walsh, Pm, Sundseth, H, Devigili, E, Mazzoleni, G, Giacomin, A, Bella, F, Castaing, M, Sutera, A, Gola, G, Ferretti, S, Serraino, D, Zucchetto, A, Lillini, R, Vercelli, M, Busco, S, Pannozzo, F, Vitarelli, S, Ricci, P, Pascucci, C, Autelitano, M, Cirilli, C, Federico, M, Fusco, M, Vitale, Mf, Usala, M, Cusimano, R, Mazzucco, W, Michiara, M, Sgargi, P, Maule, Mm, Sacerdote, C, Tumino, R, Di Felice, E, Vicentini, M, Falcini, F, Cremone, L, Budroni, M, Cesaraccio, R, Contrino, Ml, Tisano, F, Fanetti, Ac, Maspero, S, Candela, G, Scuderi, T, Gentilini, Ma, Piffer, S, Rosso, S, Sacchetto, L, Caldarella, A, La Rosa, F, Stracci, F, Contiero, P, Tagliabue, G, Dei Tos, Ap, Zorzi, M, Zanetti, R, Baili, P, Berrino, F, Gatta, G, Sant, M, Capocaccia, R, De Angelis, R, Liepina, E, Maurina, A, Smailyte, G, Agius, D, Calleja, N, Siesling, S, Visser, O, Larønningen, S, Møller, B, Dyzmann-sroka, A, Trojanowski, M, Góźdż, S, Mężyk, R, Grądalska-lampart, M, Radziszewska, Au, Didkowska, Ja, Wojciechowska, U, Błaszczyk, J, Kępska, K, Bielska-lasota, M, Kwiatkowska, K, Forjaz, G, Rego, Ra, Bastos, J, Silva, Ma, Antunes, L, Bento, Mj, Mayer-da-silva, A, Miranda, A, Coza, D, Todescu, Ai, Valkov, My, Adamcik, J, Safaei Diba, C, Primic-žakelj, M, Žagar, T, Stare, J, Almar, E, Mateos, A, Quirós, Jr, Bidaurrazaga, J, Larrañaga, N, Díaz García, Jm, Marcos, Ai, Marcos-gragera, R, Vilardell Gil, Ml, Molina, E, Sánchez, Mj, Franch Sureda, P, Ramos Montserrat, M, Chirlaque, Md, Navarro, C, Ardanaz, Ee, Moreno-iribas, Cc, Fernández-delgado, R, Peris-bonet, R, Galceran, J, Khan, S, Lambe, M, Camey, B, Bouchardy, C, Usel, M, Ess, Sm, Herrmann, C, Bulliard, Jl, Maspoli-conconi, M, Frick, H, Kuehni, Ce, Schindler, M, Bordoni, A, Spitale, A, Chiolero, A, Konzelmann, I, Dehler, Si, Matthes, Kl, Rashbass, J, Stiller, Ca, Fitzpatrick, D, Gavin, A, Bannon, F, Black, Rj, Brewster, Dh, Huws, Dw, White, C, Finan, P, Allemani, C, Bonaventure, A, Carreira, H, Coleman, Mp, Di Carlo, V, Harewood, R, Liu, K, Matz, M, Montel, L, Nikšić, M, Rachet, B, Sanz, N, Spika, D, Stephens, R, Peake, M, Chalker, E, Newman, L, Baker, D, Soeberg, Mj, Aitken, J, Scott, C, Stokes, Bc, Venn, A, Farrugia, H, Giles, Gg, Threlfall, T, Currow, D, You, H, Hendrix, J, Lewis, C., Matz, M., Coleman, M., Sant, M., Chirlaque, M., Visser, O., Gore, M., Allemani, C., Bouzbid, S., Hamdi-chérif, M., Zaidi, Z., Bah, E., Swaminathan, R., Nortje, S., El Mistiri, M., Bayo, S., Malle, B., Manraj, S., Sewpaul-sungkur, R., Fabowale, A., Ogunbiyi, O., Bradshaw, D., Somdyala, N., Stefan, D., Abdel-rahman, M., Jaidane, L., Mokni, M., Kumcher, I., Moreno, F., González, M., Laura, E., Espinola, S., Calabrano, G., Carballo Quintero, B., Fita, R., Garcilazo, D., Giacciani, P., Diumenjo, M., Laspada, W., Green, M., Lanza, M., Ibañez, S., Lima, C., Lobo De Oliveira, E., Daniel, C., Scandiuzzi, C., De Souza, P., Melo, C., Del Pino, K., Laporte, C., Curado, M., De Oliveira, J., Veneziano, C., Veneziano, D., Latorre, M., Tanaka, L., Azevedo E. Silva, G., Galaz, J., Moya, J., Herrmann, D., Vargas, S., Herrera, V., Uribe, C., Bravo, L., Arias-ortiz, N., Jurado, D., Yépez, M., Galán, Y., Torres, P., Martínez-reyes, F., Pérez-meza, M., Jaramillo, L., Quinto, R., Cueva, P., Yépez, J., Torres-cintrón, C., Tortolero-luna, G., Alonso, R., Barrios, E., Nikiforuk, C., Shack, L., Coldman, A., Woods, R., Noonan, G., Turner, D., Kumar, E., Zhang, B., Mccrate, F., Ryan, S., Hannah, H., Dewar, R., Macintyre, M., Lalany, A., Ruta, M., Marrett, L., Nishri, D., Mcclure, C., Vriends, K., Bertrand, C., Louchini, R., Robb, K., Stuart-panko, H., Demers, S., Wright, S., George, J., Shen, X., Brockhouse, J., O'Brien, D., Ward, K., Almon, L., Bates, J., Rycroft, R., Mueller, L., Phillips, C., Brown, H., Cromartie, B., Schwartz, A., Vigneau, F., Mackinnon, J., Wohler, B., Bayakly, A., Clarke, C., Glaser, S., West, D., Hernandez, B., Johnson, C., Jozwik, D., Charlton, M., Lynch, C., Huang, B., Tucker, T., Deapen, D., Liu, L., Hsieh, M., Xc, W., Stern, K., Gershman, S., Knowlton, R., Alverson, J., Copeland, G., Rogers, D., Lemons, D., Williamson, L., Hood, M., Hosain, G., Rees, J., Pawlish, K., Stroup, A., Key, C., Wiggins, C., Kahn, A., Schymura, M., Leung, G., Rao, C., Giljahn, L., Warther, B., Pate, A., Patil, M., Schubert, S., Rubertone, J., Slack, S., Fulton, J., Rousseau, D., Janes, Ta:, S., Sm, Bolick, S., Hurley, D., Richards, J., Whiteside, M., Nogueira, L., Herget, K., Sweeney, C., Martin, J., Wang, S., Harrelson, D., Keitheri Cheteri, M., Farley, S., Hudson, A., Borchers, R., Stephenson, L., Espinoza, J., Weir, H., Edwards, B., Wang, N., Yang, L., Chen, J., Song, G., Xp, G., Zhang, P., Hm, G., Zhao, D., Zhang, J., Zhu, F., Tang, J., Shen, Y., Wang, J., Ql, L., Yang, X., Dong, J., Li, W., Cheng, L., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Guo, G., Wei, K., Chen, W., Zeng, H., Demetriou, A., Pavlou, P., Mang, W., Ngan, K., Kataki, A., Krishnatreya, M., Jayalekshmi, P., Sebastian, P., Sapkota, S., Verma, Y., Nandakumar, A., Suzanna, E., Keinan-boker, L., Silverman, B., Ito, H., Nakagawa, H., Hattori, M., Kaizaki, Y., Sugiyama, H., Utada, M., Katayama, K., Narimatsu, H., Kanemura, S., Koike, T., Miyashiro, I., Yoshii, M., Oki, I., Shibata, A., Matsuda, T., Nimri, O., Ab Manan, A., Bhoo-pathy, N., Tuvshingerel, S., Chimedsuren, O., Al Khater, A., Al-eid, H., Jung, K., Won, Y., Chiang, C., Lai, M., Suwanrungruang, K., Wiangnon, S., Daoprasert, K., Pongnikorn, D., Geater, S., Sriplung, H., Eser, S., Yakut, C., Hackl, M., Mühlböck, H., Oberaigner, W., Zborovskaya, A., Aleinikova, O., Henau, K., Van Eycken, L., Dimitrova, N., Valerianova, Z., Šekerija, M., Zvolský, M., Engholm, G., Storm, H., Innos, K., Mägi, M., Malila, N., Seppä, K., Jégu, J., Velten, M., Cornet, E., Troussard, X., Bouvier, A., Faivre, J., Guizard, A., Bouvier, V., Launoy, G., Arveux, P., Maynadié, M., Mounier, M., Fournier, E., Woronoff, A., Daoulas, M., Clavel, J., Le Guyader-peyrou, S., Monnereau, A., Trétarre, B., Colonna, M., Cowppli-bony, A., Molinié, F., Bara, S., Degré, D., Ganry, O., Lapôtre-ledoux, B., Grosclaude, P., Estève, J., Bray, F., Piñeros, M., Sassi, F., Stabenow, R., Eberle, A., Erb, C., Nennecke, A., Kieschke, J., Sirri, E., Kajueter, H., Emrich, K., Zeissig, S., Holleczek, B., Eisemann, N., Katalinic, A., Brenner, H., Asquez, R., Kumar, V., Ólafsdóttir, E., Tryggvadóttir, L., Comber, H., Walsh, P., Sundseth, H., Devigili, E., Mazzoleni, G., Giacomin, A., Bella, F., Castaing, M., Sutera, A., Gola, G., Ferretti, S., Serraino, D., Zucchetto, A., Lillini, R., Vercelli, M., Busco, S., Pannozzo, F., Vitarelli, S., Ricci, P., Pascucci, C., Autelitano, M., Cirilli, C., Federico, M., Fusco, E., Vitale, M., Usala, M., Cusimano, R., Mazzucco, W., Michiara, M., Sgargi, P., Maule, M., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Di Felice, E., Vicentini, M., Falcini, F., Cremone, L., Budroni, M., Cesaraccio, R., Contrino, M., Tisano, F., Fanetti, A., Maspero, S., Candela, G., Scuderi, T., Gentilini, M., Piffer, S., Rosso, S., Sacchetto, L., Caldarella, A., La Rosa, F., Stracci, F., Contiero, P., Tagliabue, G., Dei Tos, A., Zorzi, M., Zanetti, R., Baili, P., Berrino, F., Gatta, G., Capocaccia, R., De Angelis, R., Liepina, E., Maurina, A., Smailyte, G., Agius, D., Calleja, N., Siesling, S., Larønningen, S., Møller, B., Dyzmann-sroka, A., Trojanowski, M., Góźdż, S., Mężyk, R., Grądalska-lampart, M., Radziszewska, A., Didkowska, J., Wojciechowska, U., Błaszczyk, J., Kępska, K., Bielska-lasota, M., Kwiatkowska, K., Forjaz, G., Rego, R., Bastos, J., Silva, M., Antunes, L., Bento, M., Mayer-da-silva, A., Miranda, A., Coza, D., Todescu, A., Valkov, M., Adamcik, J., Safaei Diba, C., Primic-žakelj, M., Žagar, T., Stare, J., Almar, E., Mateos, A., Quirós, J., Bidaurrazaga, J., Larrañaga, N., Díaz García, J., Marcos, A., Marcos-gragera, R., Vilardell Gil, M., Molina, E., Sánchez, M., Franch Sureda, P., Ramos Montserrat, M., Navarro, C., Ardanaz, E., Moreno-iribas, C., Fernández-delgado, R., Peris-bonet, R., Galceran, J., Khan, S., Lambe, M., Camey, B., Bouchardy, C., Usel, M., Ess, S., Herrmann, C., Bulliard, J., Maspoli-conconi, M., Frick, H., Kuehni, C., Schindler, M., Bordoni, A., Spitale, A., Chiolero, A., Konzelmann, I., Dehler, S., Matthes, K., Rashbass, J., Stiller, C., Fitzpatrick, D., Gavin, A., Bannon, F., Black, R., Brewster, D., Huws, D., White, C., Finan, P., Bonaventure, A., Carreira, H., Di Carlo, V., Harewood, R., Liu, K., Montel, L., Nikšić, M., Rachet, B., Sanz, N., Spika, D., Stephens, R., Peake, M., Chalker, E., Newman, L., Baker, D., Soeberg, M., Aitken, J., Scott, C., Stokes, B., Venn, A., Farrugia, H., Giles, G., Threlfall, T., Currow, D., You, H., Hendrix, J., and Lewis, C.

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Published Erratum, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Library science, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Oncology, Ovarian cancer, Editorial team, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, epidemiology, business
Abstract

Objective. Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. Methods. The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995–2009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included.We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. Results. During 2005–2009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. Conclusions. The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varieswidely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germcell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions.

Published
2017

26. Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries

Author

Bonaventure, A, Harewood, R, Stiller, CA, Gatta, G, Clavel, J, Stefan, DC, Carreira, H, Spika, D, Marcos-Gragera, R, Peris-Bonet, R, Piñeros, M, Sant, M, Kuehni, CE, Murphy, MFG, Coleman, MP, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, de Oliveira, EL, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Alexandre, TS, Verdugo, AS, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, and Ruta, M

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Survival Analysis, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Research Design, Neoplasms, Hematologic Neoplasms, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Registries, Healthcare Disparities, Child
Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Background Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia. Methods Cancer registries participating in CONCORD were asked to submit tumour registrations for all children aged 0–14 years who were diagnosed with leukaemia between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2009, and followed up until Dec 31, 2009. Haematological malignancies were defined by morphology codes in the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third revision. We excluded data from registries from which the data were judged to be less reliable, or included only lymphomas, and data from countries in which data for fewer than ten children were available for analysis. We also excluded records because of a missing date of birth, diagnosis, or last known vital status. We estimated 5-year net survival (ie, the probability of surviving at least 5 years after diagnosis, after controlling for deaths from other causes [background mortality]) for children by calendar period of diagnosis (1995–99, 2000–04, and 2005–09), sex, and age at diagnosis (

Published
2017

29. Up-conversion of sunlight by GaInP/GaAs/Ge cell stacks: Limiting efficiency, practical limitation and comparison with tandem cells

Author

Lan, D, Green, MA, Lan, D, and Green, MA

Abstract

© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Recent work proposed an alternative approach for photon up-conversion in that two or more low-band-gap solar cells drive a large-band-gap light-emitting diode (LED), emitting high-energy photons to be absorbed by a large-band-gap solar cell on the top. Compared with the old tandem structure, this multijunction up-conversion system has superior spectral robustness valuable under varying spectral conditions in real world. An example of interest is the use of a GaAs/Ge solar cell stack to drive a GaInP LED, behind a GaInP bifacial solar cell. This work investigates its one-sun limiting efficiency as well as possible practical efficiency if it were fabricated using state-of-the-art technologies for a world-record GaInP/GaAs/Ge tandem cell, taking luminescent coupling between subcells into account. It is shown that, although the limiting efficiency for such an up-conversion system is close to the record efficiency of a tandem device, its practical performance may be much lower due to carrier recombination in low-band-gap cells reducing the LED's emissions significantly. To obtain more insight into practical designs, the theoretical efficiency is explored further for the lattice-mismatched case where the band-gap of GaInP cells is reduced, both when there are luminescent couplings between cells in the rear up-converter and there are not. With a maximum theoretical efficiency of 44%, it is shown that the top cell's band-gap is a trade-off and luminescent coupling between rear cells reduces the efficiency.

Published
2017

30. An objective short sleep insomnia disorder subtype is associated with reduced brain metabolite concentrations in vivo: A preliminary magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment

Author

Miller, CB, Rae, CD, Green, MA, Yee, BJ, Gordon, CJ, D'Rozario, AL, Kyle, SD, Espie, CA, Grunstein, RR, Bartlett, DJ, Miller, CB, Rae, CD, Green, MA, Yee, BJ, Gordon, CJ, D'Rozario, AL, Kyle, SD, Espie, CA, Grunstein, RR, and Bartlett, DJ

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate brain metabolites in objective insomnia subtypes defined from polysomnography (PSG): Insomnia with short sleep duration (I-SSD) and insomnia with normal sleep duration (I-NSD), relative to good sleeping controls (GSCs). Methods: PSG empirically grouped insomnia patients into I-SSD (n = 12: Mean [SD] total sleep time [TST] = 294.7 minutes [30.5]) or I-NSD (n = 19: TST = 394.4 minutes [34.9]). 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) acquired in the left occipital cortex (LOCC), left prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex was used to determine levels of creatine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine (referenced to water). Glutathione, glycerophosphocholine, lactate, myoinositol, and N-acetylaspartate measurements were also obtained. Sixteen GSCs were included for comparison. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in creatine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine. Results: Aspartate and glutamine concentrations were reduced in the LOCC in I-SSD compared with I-NSD (both p < .05, d = .80-.99). Creatine displayed a nonsignificant mean reduction in I-SSD compared with I-NSD (p = .05, d = .58). Glutamine was reduced in I-SSD compared with controls (p < .05, d = .93). There were no differences in metabolites between all (I-SSD and I-NSD) insomnia patients and controls. In patients with insomnia, LOCC glutamine concentrations were found to be positively correlated with TST (r = .43, p < .05) and negatively correlated with wake-time after sleep onset (r = -.40, p < .05). Conclusions: Results indicate that I-SSD is associated with reduced brain metabolites in the LOCC compared with I-NSD and control concentrations of aspartate, glutamine, and creatine.

Published
2017

31. In situ X-ray diffraction study on epitaxial growth of SixGe1−xon Si by aluminium-assisted crystallization

Author

Liu, Z, Hao, X, Ho-Baillie, A, Green, MA, Liu, Z, Hao, X, Ho-Baillie, A, and Green, MA

Abstract

In situ X-ray diffraction study is applied to investigate the role of annealing time in the epitaxial growth of SixGe1−xon Si by aluminium-assisted crystallization at relatively low temperatures (350–450 °C). The evolution of the SixGe1−xfilm with annealing time can be divided into two stages: (i) SixGe1−xepitaxial growth on Si through Ge/Al layer exchange and (ii) SixGe1-xdiffusion into Si substrate. The speed of layer exchange increases with elevating temperature. After the completion of layer exchange, the SixGe1−xstarts diffusing into the Si substrate with prolonged annealing time. The Si content of the epitaxial SixGe1−xfilm keeps increasing with time throughout the annealing. This increase is rapid during Ge/Al layer exchange but is gradual during SixGe1−xdiffusion into Si substrate.

Published
2017

32. Overcoming the challenges of large-area high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

Author

Kim, J, Yun, JS, Cho, Y, Lee, DS, Wilkinson, B, Soufiani, AM, Deng, X, Zheng, J, Shi, A, Lim, S, Chen, S, Hameiri, Z, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Huang, S, Green, MA, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Kim, J, Yun, JS, Cho, Y, Lee, DS, Wilkinson, B, Soufiani, AM, Deng, X, Zheng, J, Shi, A, Lim, S, Chen, S, Hameiri, Z, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Huang, S, Green, MA, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Published
2017

33. Lessons learnt from spatially resolved electro- and photoluminescence imaging: Interfacial delamination in CH3NH3PbI3 planar perovskite solar cells upon illumination

Author

Soufiani, AM, Hameiri, Z, Meyer, S, Lim, S, Tayebjee, MJY, Yun, JS, Ho-Baillie, A, Conibeer, GJ, Spiccia, L, Green, MA, Soufiani, AM, Hameiri, Z, Meyer, S, Lim, S, Tayebjee, MJY, Yun, JS, Ho-Baillie, A, Conibeer, GJ, Spiccia, L, and Green, MA

Abstract

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The influence of illumination on the long-term performance of planar structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is investigated using fast and spatially resolved luminescence imaging. The authors analyze the effect of illuminated current density-voltage (J-V) and light-soaking measurements on pristine PSCs by providing visual evidence for the spatial inhomogeneous evolution of device performance. Regions that are exposed to light initially produce stronger electroluminescence signals than surrounding unilluminated regions, mainly due to a lower contact resistance and, possibly, higher charge collection efficiency. Over a period of several days, however, these initially illuminated regions appear to degrade more quickly despite the device being stored in a dark, moisture- and oxygen-free environment. Using transmission electron microscopy, this accelerated degradation is attributed to delamination between the perovskite and the titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer. An ion migration mechanism is proposed for this delamination process, which is in accordance with previous current-voltage hysteresis observations. These results provide evidence for the intrinsic instability of CH3NH3PbI3-based devices under illumination and have major implications for the design of PSCs from the standpoint of long-term performance and stability.

Published
2017

34. Diode laser annealing on sputtered epitaxial Cu2ZnSnS4thin films

Author

Song, N, Huang, J, Green, MA, Hao, X, Song, N, Huang, J, Green, MA, and Hao, X

Abstract

© 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim In this work, epitaxial Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) films grown by magnetron sputtering were annealed by continuous wavelength diode laser as an alternative post-deposition heat treatment replacing conventional post-annealing within sulfur atmosphere to improve the film quality. Upon ultrafast millisecond diode laser annealing, improvement of crystallinity and reduction of Cu/Zn disordering were observed in the CZTS thin films. The results indicate that the diode laser treatment can enable fast, effective, and efficient annealing of CZTS thin films.

Published
2017

35. The Impact of parasitic loss on solar cells with plasmonic nano-textured rear reflectors

Author

Disney, CER, Pillai, S, Green, MA, Disney, CER, Pillai, S, and Green, MA

Abstract

© 2017 The Author(s). Significant photocurrent enhancement has been demonstrated using plasmonic light-trapping structures comprising nanostructured metallic features at the rear of the cell. These structures have conversely been identified as suffering heightened parasitic absorption into the metal at certain resonant wavelengths severely mitigating benefits of light trapping. In this study, we undertook simulations exploring the relationship between enhanced absorption into the solar cell, and parasitic losses in the metal. These simulations reveal that resonant wavelengths associated with high parasitic losses in the metal could also be associated with high absorption enhancement in the solar cell. We identify mechanisms linking these parasitic losses and absorption enhancements, but found that by ensuring correct design, the light trapping structures will have a positive impact on the overall solar cell performance. Our results clearly show that the large angle scattering provided by the plasmonic nanostructures is the reason for the enhanced absorption observed in the solar cells.

Published
2017

36. Accelerated Lifetime Testing of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Encapsulated by Polyisobutylene

Author

Shi, L, Young, TL, Kim, J, Sheng, Y, Wang, L, Chen, Y, Feng, Z, Keevers, MJ, Hao, X, Verlinden, PJ, Green, MA, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Shi, L, Young, TL, Kim, J, Sheng, Y, Wang, L, Chen, Y, Feng, Z, Keevers, MJ, Hao, X, Verlinden, PJ, Green, MA, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone rapid progress. However, unstable performance caused by sensitivity to environmental moisture and high temperature is a major impediment to commercialization of PSCs. In the present work, a low-temperature, glass-glass encapsulation technique using high performance polyisobutylene (PIB) as the moisture barrier is investigated on planar glass/FTO/TiO2/FAPbI3/PTAA/gold perovskite solar cells. PIB was applied as either an edge seal or blanket layer. Electrical connections to the encapsulated PSCs were provided by either the FTO or Au layers. Results of a "calcium test" demonstrated that a PIB edge-seal effectively prevents moisture ingress. A shelf life test was performed and the PIB-sealed PSC was stable for at least 200 days. Damp heat and thermal cycling tests, in compliance with IEC61215:2016, were used to evaluate different encapsulation methods. Current-voltage measurements were performed regularly under simulated AM1.5G sunlight to monitor changes in PCE. The best results we have achieved to date maintained the initial efficiency after 540 h of damp heat testing and 200 thermal cycles. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these are among the best damp heat and thermal cycle test results for perovskite solar cells published to date. Given the modest performance of the cells (8% averaged from forward and reverse scans) especially with the more challenging FAPbI3 perovskite material tested in this work, it is envisaged that better stability results can be further achieved when higher performance perovskite solar cells are encapsulated using the PIB packaging techniques developed in this work. We propose that heat rather than moisture was the main cause of our PSC degradation. Furthermore, we propose that preventing the escape of volatile decomposition products from the perovskite solar cell materials is the key for stability. PIB encapsulation is a very promising packaging solution for perovskite solar cel

Published
2017

37. Spin-coating free fabrication for highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Author

Zheng, J, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Deng, X, Kim, J, Ma, Q, Chen, C, Green, MA, Huang, S, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Zheng, J, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Deng, X, Kim, J, Ma, Q, Chen, C, Green, MA, Huang, S, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

A spin-coating-free fabrication sequence has been developed for the fabrication of highly efficient organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A novel blow-drying method is demonstrated to be successful in depositing high quality mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2), methylammonium lead halide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite and spiro-MeOTAD layers. When combined with compact TiO2 (c-TiO2) deposited by spray pyrolysis which is also a spin-coating-free process, a stabilized power conversion efficiency exceeding 17% can be achieved for the glass/FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-MeOTAD/Au device. This is the highest efficiency for PSCs fabricated without the use of spin-coating to our knowledge. This method provides a pathway towards a scalable process for fabricating high-performance, large area and reproducible PSCs.

Published
2017

38. Access and quality of parks and associations with obesity: A cross-sectional study.

Author

Hobbs, M, Green, MA, Griffiths, C, Jordan, H, Saunders, J, Grimmer, H, McKenna, J, Hobbs, M, Green, MA, Griffiths, C, Jordan, H, Saunders, J, Grimmer, H, and McKenna, J

Abstract

Public health is increasingly engaging with multi-faceted obesity prevention efforts. Although parks represent key community assets for broader public health, they may not be distributed equitably and associations with obesity are equivocal. We investigated park access and quality relative to deprivation and obesity with individual-level data from the Yorkshire Health Study. Compared to the least deprived areas, the moderately and most deprived areas had a greater park access and park quality in terms of features and amenities. However, parks in the moderately and most deprived areas also had the most safety concerns and incivilities. Although deprivation was associated with obesity, contrary to current policy guidance, both park access and quality appear less important for understanding variations in obesity within this study. Although sub-group analyses by deprivation tertile revealed that low quality park amenities in highly and moderately deprived areas may be important for understanding obesity prevalence, all other associations were non-significant.

Published
2017

39. The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)

Author

Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Sant, M, Chirlaque, MD, Visser, O, Gore, M, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, C.Stefan, D, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Alexandre, TS, Verdugo, AS, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Sant, M, Chirlaque, MD, Visser, O, Gore, M, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, C.Stefan, D, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Alexandre, TS, Verdugo, AS, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, and Robb, KI

Abstract

© 2016 Objective Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995–2009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. Results During 2005–2009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. Conclusions The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varies widely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions.

Published
2017

40. The Effect of Stoichiometry on the Stability of Inorganic Cesium Lead Mixed-Halide Perovskites Solar Cells

Author

Ma, Q, Huang, S, Chen, S, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Lockrey, MN, Mulmudi, HK, Shan, Y, Yao, J, Zheng, J, Deng, X, Catchpole, K, Green, MA, Ho-Baillie, AWY, Ma, Q, Huang, S, Chen, S, Zhang, M, Lau, CFJ, Lockrey, MN, Mulmudi, HK, Shan, Y, Yao, J, Zheng, J, Deng, X, Catchpole, K, Green, MA, and Ho-Baillie, AWY

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite solar cells that use the inorganic cation Cs have been shown to have better thermal stability than the organic cation containing counterparts, and CsPbI2Br has a more suitable (lower) band gap than CsPbIBr2 as a photovoltaic energy harvesting material. However, increase in iodine content reduces structural stability due to the preference toward the non-perovskite orthorhombic phase when the film is exposed to air. In this work, the effect of varying stoichiometry of CsPbI2Br perovskite on film quality such as the grain size, presence of impurities and nature of impurity grains, photoluminescence, morphology, and elemental distribution are studied. Details on how to vary the stoichiometry during the dual source thermal evaporation process are reported. It is found that the air stability of CsPbI2Br film correlates with the CsBr-to-PbI2 deposition rate ratio, in which the CsBr-rich CsPbI2Br is the most stable upon air exposure, while the stoichiometrically balanced CsPbI2Br perovskite film gives the best photovoltaic performance. The encapsulated device maintains 90% of the initial performance after 240 h damp and heat test at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity.

Published
2017

41. Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author

Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, Stuart-Panko, H, Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, and Stuart-Panko, H

Abstract

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Objective Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from 67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Results Survival from type I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005–09 ranged from 40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20–45%). Survival from germ cell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). Conclusions There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.

Published
2017

44. Supporting the bereaved families of Armed Forces personnel

Author

Paul Cawkill BSc , C.Psychol, Afbps and Jenny Green Ma Pgce Obe

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Bereavement support, Health (social science), Social Psychology, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Public relations, Nursing, Phone, Service (economics), Bereavement Care, Psychology, business, Gerontology, Bespoke, media_common
Abstract

The Armed Forces has a long and established tradition of supporting the families and relatives of personnel who die in service. However, recent events in the Middle East have seen a substantial increase in operational deaths, thereby placing extra demands on existing bereavement support mechanisms. In response to a perceived need, Cruse Bereavement Care secured funding over three years from the Department of Health, to design a bespoke military bereavement support package. The main focus of the support was to train Cruse bereavement volunteers to be conversant in the ways of the military, thereby facilitating a more meaningful and beneficial interaction, be it face-to-face or on the phone. This article documents how the initiative came about and details the foundations of the supplementary support currently in place. It is followed by a description of how the programme was put into practice by two Cruse volunteers, Beryl Austoni and Hilary Linsey

Published
2012

45. Worldwide comparison of ovarian cancer survival: Histological group and stage at diagnosis (CONCORD-2)

Author

Matz, M, Coleman, MP, Carreira, H, Salmerón, D, Chirlaque, MD, Allemani, C, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-Chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, SH, El Mistiri, MM, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, SS, Sewpaul-Sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, OJ, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, NIM, Stefan, DC, Abdel-Rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, MS, Laura, EA, Espinola, SB, Calabrano, GH, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, DA, Giacciani, PL, Diumenjo, MC, Laspada, WD, Green, MA, Lanza, MF, Ibañez, SG, Lima, CA, Lobo de Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, PCF, Melo, CD, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, MP, de Oliveira, JC, Veneziano, CLA, Veneziano, DB, Latorre, MRDO, Tanaka, LF, Azevedo e Silva, G, Galaz, JC, Moya, JA, Herrmann, DA, Vargas, S, Herrera, VM, Uribe, CJ, Bravo, LE, Arias-Ortiz, NE, Jurado, DM, Yépez, MC, Galán, YH, Torres, P, Martínez-Reyes, F, Pérez-Meza, ML, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, JG, Torres-Cintrón, CR, Tortolero-Luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, AJ, Woods, RR, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, McCrate, FR, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, RAD, MacIntyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, DE, McClure, C, Vriends, KA, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, KI, and Stuart-Panko, H

Subjects
Ovarian Neoplasms, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged
Abstract

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Objective Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from 67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Results Survival from type I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005–09 ranged from 40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20–45%). Survival from germ cell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). Conclusions There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.

Published
2016

46. The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2)

Author

Matz, Melissa, Coleman, Michel P, Sant, Milena, Chirlaque, Maria Dolores, Visser, Otto, Gore, Martin, Allemani, Claudia, Bouzbid, S, Hamdi-chérif, M, Zaidi, Z, Bah, E, Swaminathan, R, Nortje, Sh, El Mistiri, Mm, Bayo, S, Malle, B, Manraj, Ss, Sewpaul-sungkur, R, Fabowale, A, Ogunbiyi, Oj, Bradshaw, D, Somdyala, Nim, Stefan, Dc, Abdel-rahman, M, Jaidane, L, Mokni, M, Kumcher, I, Moreno, F, González, Ms, Laura, Ea, Espinola, Sb, Calabrano, Gh, Carballo Quintero, B, Fita, R, Garcilazo, Da, Giacciani, Pl, Diumenjo, Mc, Laspada, Wd, Green, Ma, Lanza, Mf, Ibañez, Sg, Lima, Ca, Lobo De Oliveira, E, Daniel, C, Scandiuzzi, C, De Souza, Pcf, Melo, Cd, Del Pino, K, Laporte, C, Curado, Mp, De Oliveira, Jc, Veneziano, Cla, Veneziano, Db, Latorre, Mrdo, Tanaka, Lf, Azevedo E. Silva, G, Galaz, Jc, Moya, Ja, Herrmann, Da, Vargas, S, Herrera, Vm, Uribe, Cj, Bravo, Le, Arias-ortiz, Ne, Jurado, Dm, Yépez, Mc, Galán, Yh, Torres, P, Martínez-reyes, F, Pérez-meza, Ml, Jaramillo, L, Quinto, R, Cueva, P, Yépez, Jg, Torres-cintrón, Cr, Tortolero-luna, G, Alonso, R, Barrios, E, Nikiforuk, C, Shack, L, Coldman, Aj, Woods, Rr, Noonan, G, Turner, D, Kumar, E, Zhang, B, Mccrate, Fr, Ryan, S, Hannah, H, Dewar, Rad, Macintyre, M, Lalany, A, Ruta, M, Marrett, L, Nishri, De, Mcclure, C, Vriends, Ka, Bertrand, C, Louchini, R, Robb, K, Stuart-panko, H, Demers, S, Wright, S, George, Jt, Shen, X, Brockhouse, Jt, O'brien, Dk, Ward, Kc, Almon, L, Bates, J, Rycroft, R, Mueller, L, Phillips, C, Brown, H, Cromartie, B, Schwartz, Ag, Vigneau, F, Mackinnon, Ja, Wohler, B, Bayakly, Ar, Clarke, Ca, Glaser, Sl, West, D, Green, Md, Hernandez, By, Johnson, Cj, Jozwik, D, Charlton, Me, Lynch, Cf, Huang, B, Tucker, Tc, Deapen, D, Liu, L, Hsieh, Mc, Wu, Xc, Stern, K, Gershman, St, Knowlton, Rc, Alverson, J, Copeland, Ge, Rogers, Db, Lemons, D, Williamson, Ll, Hood, M, Hosain, Gm, Rees, Jr, Pawlish, Ks, Stroup, A, Key, C, Wiggins, C, Kahn, Ar, Schymura, Mj, Leung, G, Rao, C, Giljahn, L, Warther, B, Pate, A, Patil, M, Schubert, Ss, Rubertone, Jj, Slack, Sj, Fulton, Jp, Rousseau, Dl, Janes, Ta: Schwartz, Bolick, Sw, Hurley, Dm, Richards, J, Whiteside, Ma, Nogueira, Lm, Herget, K, Sweeney, C, Martin, J, Wang, S, Harrelson, Dg, Keitheri Cheteri, Mb, Farley, S, Hudson, Ag, Borchers, R, Stephenson, L, Espinoza, Jr, Weir, Hk, Edwards, Bk, Wang, N, Yang, L, Chen, Js, Song, Gh, Gu, Xp, Zhang, P, Ge, Hm, Zhao, Dl, Zhang, Jh, Zhu, Fd, Tang, Jg, Shen, Y, Wang, J, Li, Ql, Yang, Xp, Dong, J, Li, W, Cheng, Lp, Chen, Jg, Huang, Qh, Huang, Sq, Guo, Gp, Wei, K, Chen, Wq, Zeng, H, Demetriou, Av, Pavlou, P, Mang, Wk, Ngan, Kc, Kataki, Ac, Krishnatreya, M, Jayalekshmi, Pa, Sebastian, P, Sapkota, Sd, Verma, Y, Nandakumar, A, Suzanna, E, Keinan-boker, L, Silverman, Bg, Ito, H, Nakagawa, H, Hattori, M, Kaizaki, Y, Sugiyama, H, Utada, M, Katayama, K, Narimatsu, H, Kanemura, S, Koike, T, Miyashiro, I, Yoshii, M, Oki, I, Shibata, A, Matsuda, T, Nimri, O, Ab Manan, A, Bhoo-pathy, N, Tuvshingerel, S, Chimedsuren, O, Al Khater, Ahm, Al-eid, H, Jung, Kw, Won, Yj, Chiang, Cj, Lai, Ms, Suwanrungruang, K, Wiangnon, S, Daoprasert, K, Pongnikorn, D, Geater, Sl, Sriplung, H, Eser, S, Yakut, Ci, Hackl, M, Mühlböck, H, Oberaigner, W, Zborovskaya, Aa, Aleinikova, Ov, Henau, K, Van Eycken, L, Dimitrova, N, Valerianova, Z, Šekerija, M, Zvolský, M, Engholm, G, Storm, H, Innos, K, Mägi, M, Malila, N, Seppä, K, Jégu, J, Velten, M, Cornet, E, Troussard, X, Bouvier, Am, Faivre, J, Guizard, Av, Bouvier, V, Launoy, G, Arveux, P, Maynadié, M, Mounier, M, Fournier, E, Woronoff, As, Daoulas, M, Clavel, J, Le Guyader-peyrou, S, Monnereau, A, Trétarre, B, Colonna, M, Cowppli-bony, A, Molinié, F, Bara, S, Degré, D, Ganry, O, Lapôtre-ledoux, B, Grosclaude, P, Estève, J, Bray, F, Piñeros, M, Sassi, F, Stabenow, R, Eberle, A, Erb, C, Nennecke, A, Kieschke, J, Sirri, E, Kajueter, H, Emrich, K, Zeissig, Sr, Holleczek, B, Eisemann, N, Katalinic, A, Brenner, H, Asquez, Ra, Kumar, V, Ólafsdóttir, Ej, Tryggvadóttir, L, Comber, H, Walsh, Pm, Sundseth, H, Devigili, E, Mazzoleni, G, Giacomin, A, DI BELLA, Francesca, Castaing, M, Sutera, A, Gola, G, Ferretti, S, Serraino, D, Zucchetto, A, Lillini, R, Vercelli, M, Busco, S, Pannozzo, F, Vitarelli, S, Ricci, P, Pascucci, C, Autelitano, M, Cirilli, C, Federico, M, FUSCO, Elena Maria, Vitale, Mf, Usala, M, Cusimano, R, Mazzucco, W, Michiara, M, Sgargi, P, Maule, Mm, Sacerdote, C, Tumino, R, Di Felice, E, Vicentini, M, Falcini, F, Cremone, L, Budroni, M, Cesaraccio, R, Contrino, Ml, Tisano, F, Fanetti, Ac, Maspero, S, Candela, G, Scuderi, T, Gentilini, Ma, Piffer, S, Rosso, S, Sacchetto, L, Caldarella, A, La Rosa, F, Stracci, F, Contiero, P, Tagliabue, G, Dei Tos, Ap, Zorzi, M, Zanetti, R, Baili, P, Berrino, F, Gatta, G, Sant, M, Capocaccia, R, De Angelis, R, Liepina, E, Maurina, A, Smailyte, G, Agius, D, Calleja, N, Siesling, S, Visser, O, Larønningen, S, Møller, B, Dyzmann-sroka, A, Trojanowski, M, Góźdż, S, Mężyk, R, Grądalska-lampart, M, Radziszewska, Au, Didkowska, Ja, Wojciechowska, U, Błaszczyk, J, Kępska, K, Bielska-lasota, M, Kwiatkowska, K, Forjaz, G, Rego, Ra, Bastos, J, Silva, Ma, Antunes, L, Bento, Mj, Mayer-da-silva, A, Miranda, A, Coza, D, Todescu, Ai, Valkov, My, Adamcik, J, Safaei Diba, C, Primic-žakelj, M, Žagar, T, Stare, J, Almar, E, Mateos, A, Quirós, Jr, Bidaurrazaga, J, Larrañaga, N, Díaz García, Jm, Marcos, Ai, Marcos-gragera, R, Vilardell Gil, Ml, Molina, E, Sánchez, Mj, Franch Sureda, P, Ramos Montserrat, M, Chirlaque, Md, Navarro, C, Ardanaz, Ee, Moreno-iribas, Cc, Fernández-delgado, R, Peris-bonet, R, Galceran, J, Khan, S, Lambe, M, Camey, B, Bouchardy, C, Usel, M, Ess, Sm, Herrmann, C, Bulliard, Jl, Maspoli-conconi, M, Frick, H, Kuehni, Ce, Schindler, M, Bordoni, A, Spitale, A, Chiolero, A, Konzelmann, I, Dehler, Si, Matthes, Kl, Rashbass, J, Stiller, Ca, Fitzpatrick, D, Gavin, A, Bannon, F, Black, Rj, Brewster, Dh, Huws, Dw, White, C, Finan, P, Allemani, C, Bonaventure, A, Carreira, H, Coleman, Mp, Di Carlo, V, Harewood, R, Liu, K, Matz, M, Montel, L, Nikšić, M, Rachet, B, Sanz, N, Spika, D, Stephens, R, Peake, M, Chalker, E, Newman, L, Baker, D, Soeberg, Mj, Aitken, J, Scott, C, Stokes, Bc, Venn, A, Farrugia, H, Giles, Gg, Threlfall, T, Currow, D, You, H, Hendrix, J, Lewis, C., Matz, M., Coleman, M., Sant, M., Chirlaque, M., Visser, O., Gore, M., Allemani, C., Bouzbid, S., Hamdi-chérif, M., Zaidi, Z., Bah, E., Swaminathan, R., Nortje, S., El Mistiri, M., Bayo, S., Malle, B., Manraj, S., Sewpaul-sungkur, R., Fabowale, A., Ogunbiyi, O., Bradshaw, D., Somdyala, N., Stefan, D., Abdel-rahman, M., Jaidane, L., Mokni, M., Kumcher, I., Moreno, F., González, M., Laura, E., Espinola, S., Calabrano, G., Carballo Quintero, B., Fita, R., Garcilazo, D., Giacciani, P., Diumenjo, M., Laspada, W., Green, M., Lanza, M., Ibañez, S., Lima, C., Lobo De Oliveira, E., Daniel, C., Scandiuzzi, C., De Souza, P., Melo, C., Del Pino, K., Laporte, C., Curado, M., De Oliveira, J., Veneziano, C., Veneziano, D., Latorre, M., Tanaka, L., Azevedo E. Silva, G., Galaz, J., Moya, J., Herrmann, D., Vargas, S., Herrera, V., Uribe, C., Bravo, L., Arias-ortiz, N., Jurado, D., Yépez, M., Galán, Y., Torres, P., Martínez-reyes, F., Pérez-meza, M., Jaramillo, L., Quinto, R., Cueva, P., Yépez, J., Torres-cintrón, C., Tortolero-luna, G., Alonso, R., Barrios, E., Nikiforuk, C., Shack, L., Coldman, A., Woods, R., Noonan, G., Turner, D., Kumar, E., Zhang, B., Mccrate, F., Ryan, S., Hannah, H., Dewar, R., Macintyre, M., Lalany, A., Ruta, M., Marrett, L., Nishri, D., Mcclure, C., Vriends, K., Bertrand, C., Louchini, R., Robb, K., Stuart-panko, H., Demers, S., Wright, S., George, J., Shen, X., Brockhouse, J., O'Brien, D., Ward, K., Almon, L., Bates, J., Rycroft, R., Mueller, L., Phillips, C., Brown, H., Cromartie, B., Schwartz, A., Vigneau, F., Mackinnon, J., Wohler, B., Bayakly, A., Clarke, C., Glaser, S., West, D., Hernandez, B., Johnson, C., Jozwik, D., Charlton, M., Lynch, C., Huang, B., Tucker, T., Deapen, D., Liu, L., Hsieh, M., Xc, W., Stern, K., Gershman, S., Knowlton, R., Alverson, J., Copeland, G., Rogers, D., Lemons, D., Williamson, L., Hood, M., Hosain, G., Rees, J., Pawlish, K., Stroup, A., Key, C., Wiggins, C., Kahn, A., Schymura, M., Leung, G., Rao, C., Giljahn, L., Warther, B., Pate, A., Patil, M., Schubert, S., Rubertone, J., Slack, S., Fulton, J., Rousseau, D., Janes, Ta:, S., Sm, Bolick, S., Hurley, D., Richards, J., Whiteside, M., Nogueira, L., Herget, K., Sweeney, C., Martin, J., Wang, S., Harrelson, D., Keitheri Cheteri, M., Farley, S., Hudson, A., Borchers, R., Stephenson, L., Espinoza, J., Weir, H., Edwards, B., Wang, N., Yang, L., Chen, J., Song, G., Xp, G., Zhang, P., Hm, G., Zhao, D., Zhang, J., Zhu, F., Tang, J., Shen, Y., Wang, J., Ql, L., Yang, X., Dong, J., Li, W., Cheng, L., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Guo, G., Wei, K., Chen, W., Zeng, H., Demetriou, A., Pavlou, P., Mang, W., Ngan, K., Kataki, A., Krishnatreya, M., Jayalekshmi, P., Sebastian, P., Sapkota, S., Verma, Y., Nandakumar, A., Suzanna, E., Keinan-boker, L., Silverman, B., Ito, H., Nakagawa, H., Hattori, M., Kaizaki, Y., Sugiyama, H., Utada, M., Katayama, K., Narimatsu, H., Kanemura, S., Koike, T., Miyashiro, I., Yoshii, M., Oki, I., Shibata, A., Matsuda, T., Nimri, O., Ab Manan, A., Bhoo-pathy, N., Tuvshingerel, S., Chimedsuren, O., Al Khater, A., Al-eid, H., Jung, K., Won, Y., Chiang, C., Lai, M., Suwanrungruang, K., Wiangnon, S., Daoprasert, K., Pongnikorn, D., Geater, S., Sriplung, H., Eser, S., Yakut, C., Hackl, M., Mühlböck, H., Oberaigner, W., Zborovskaya, A., Aleinikova, O., Henau, K., Van Eycken, L., Dimitrova, N., Valerianova, Z., Šekerija, M., Zvolský, M., Engholm, G., Storm, H., Innos, K., Mägi, M., Malila, N., Seppä, K., Jégu, J., Velten, M., Cornet, E., Troussard, X., Bouvier, A., Faivre, J., Guizard, A., Bouvier, V., Launoy, G., Arveux, P., Maynadié, M., Mounier, M., Fournier, E., Woronoff, A., Daoulas, M., Clavel, J., Le Guyader-peyrou, S., Monnereau, A., Trétarre, B., Colonna, M., Cowppli-bony, A., Molinié, F., Bara, S., Degré, D., Ganry, O., Lapôtre-ledoux, B., Grosclaude, P., Estève, J., Bray, F., Piñeros, M., Sassi, F., Stabenow, R., Eberle, A., Erb, C., Nennecke, A., Kieschke, J., Sirri, E., Kajueter, H., Emrich, K., Zeissig, S., Holleczek, B., Eisemann, N., Katalinic, A., Brenner, H., Asquez, R., Kumar, V., Ólafsdóttir, E., Tryggvadóttir, L., Comber, H., Walsh, P., Sundseth, H., Devigili, E., Mazzoleni, G., Giacomin, A., DI BELLA, F., Castaing, M., Sutera, A., Gola, G., Ferretti, S., Serraino, D., Zucchetto, A., Lillini, R., Vercelli, M., Busco, S., Pannozzo, F., Vitarelli, S., Ricci, P., Pascucci, C., Autelitano, M., Cirilli, C., Federico, M., Fusco, E., Vitale, M., Usala, M., Cusimano, R., Mazzucco, W., Michiara, M., Sgargi, P., Maule, M., Sacerdote, C., Tumino, R., Di Felice, E., Vicentini, M., Falcini, F., Cremone, L., Budroni, M., Cesaraccio, R., Contrino, M., Tisano, F., Fanetti, A., Maspero, S., Candela, G., Scuderi, T., Gentilini, M., Piffer, S., Rosso, S., Sacchetto, L., Caldarella, A., La Rosa, F., Stracci, F., Contiero, P., Tagliabue, G., Dei Tos, A., Zorzi, M., Zanetti, R., Baili, P., Berrino, F., Gatta, G., Capocaccia, R., De Angelis, R., Liepina, E., Maurina, A., Smailyte, G., Agius, D., Calleja, N., Siesling, S., Larønningen, S., Møller, B., Dyzmann-sroka, A., Trojanowski, M., Góźdż, S., Mężyk, R., Grądalska-lampart, M., Radziszewska, A., Didkowska, J., Wojciechowska, U., Błaszczyk, J., Kępska, K., Bielska-lasota, M., Kwiatkowska, K., Forjaz, G., Rego, R., Bastos, J., Silva, M., Antunes, L., Bento, M., Mayer-da-silva, A., Miranda, A., Coza, D., Todescu, A., Valkov, M., Adamcik, J., Safaei Diba, C., Primic-žakelj, M., Žagar, T., Stare, J., Almar, E., Mateos, A., Quirós, J., Bidaurrazaga, J., Larrañaga, N., Díaz García, J., Marcos, A., Marcos-gragera, R., Vilardell Gil, M., Molina, E., Sánchez, M., Franch Sureda, P., Ramos Montserrat, M., Navarro, C., Ardanaz, E., Moreno-iribas, C., Fernández-delgado, R., Peris-bonet, R., Galceran, J., Khan, S., Lambe, M., Camey, B., Bouchardy, C., Usel, M., Ess, S., Herrmann, C., Bulliard, J., Maspoli-conconi, M., Frick, H., Kuehni, C., Schindler, M., Bordoni, A., Spitale, A., Chiolero, A., Konzelmann, I., Dehler, S., Matthes, K., Rashbass, J., Stiller, C., Fitzpatrick, D., Gavin, A., Bannon, F., Black, R., Brewster, D., Huws, D., White, C., Finan, P., Bonaventure, A., Carreira, H., Di Carlo, V., Harewood, R., Liu, K., Montel, L., Nikšić, M., Rachet, B., Sanz, N., Spika, D., Stephens, R., Peake, M., Chalker, E., Newman, L., Baker, D., Soeberg, M., Aitken, J., Scott, C., Stokes, B., Venn, A., Farrugia, H., Giles, G., Threlfall, T., Currow, D., You, H., Hendrix, J., and Lewis, C.

Subjects
Epidemiology, Histology, Morphology, Ovarain cancer, Worldwide, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Pathology, endocrine system diseases, Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial, Ovarian Neoplasms, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Glandular and Epithelial, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Transitional cell carcinoma, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Clear cell carcinoma, Human, endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Socio-culturale, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, education, Mixed tumor, business.industry, Ovarian Neoplasm, Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumor, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Germ Cell and Embryonal, Ovarian cancer, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. METHODS: The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995-2009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. RESULTS: During 2005-2009, type II epithelial tumours were the most common. The proportion was much higher in Oceania (73.1%), North America (73.0%) and Europe (72.6%) than in Central and South America (65.7%) and Asia (56.1%). By contrast, type I epithelial tumours were more common in Asia (32.5%), compared with only 19.4% in North America. From 1995 to 2009, the proportion of type II epithelial tumours increased from 68.6% to 71.1%, while the proportion of type I epithelial tumours fell from 23.8% to 21.2%. The proportions of germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other specific non-epithelial tumours and tumours of non-specific morphology all remained stable over time. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of ovarian cancer histology varies widely worldwide. Type I epithelial, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumours are generally associated with higher survival than type II tumours, so the proportion of these tumours may influence survival estimates for all ovarian cancers combined. The distribution of histological groups should be considered when comparing survival between countries and regions.

Published
2016

47. Colossal magnetoresistance in Sr2-xNd1+xMn2O7 (x=0.0,0.1)

Author

Battle, PD, Blundell, SJ, Green, MA, Hayes, W, Honold, M, Klehe, AK, Laskey, NS, Millburn, JE, Murphy, L, Rosseinsky, MJ, Samarin, NA, Singleton, J, Sluchanko, NE, Sullivan, SP, and Vente, JF

Abstract

Magnetization and magnetotransport measurements have been used to study the composition dependence of the electronic properties of the Ruddlesden-Popper phases Sr2NdMn2O7 and Sr1.9Nd1.1Mn2O7. Although their behaviour differs in detail, both compounds show a colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect (>10 000% in 14 T) in the temperature range 4.2 ≤ T/K ≤ 100. However, neither material shows a transition to a ferromagnetic state above 4.2 K, and both materials have higher resistivities (>103 Ω cm for 4.2 ≤ T/K ≤ 100) than the metallic oxides previously found to show CMR. In view of the low conductivity and the absence of ferromagnetism, the CMR of these phases is not readily explained by a doubleexchange mechanism.

Published
2016

48. Crystal and magnetic structures of the colossal magnetoresistance manganates Sr2-xNd1+xMn2O7 (x=0.0, 0.1)

Author

Battle, PD, Green, MA, Laskey, NS, Millburn, JE, Radaelli, PG, Rosseinsky, MJ, Sullivan, SP, and Vente, JF

Abstract

Neutron powder diffraction techniques have been used to refine the crystal and magnetic structures of the Ruddlesden Popper (RP) compounds Sr2-xNd1+xMn2O7 (x=0.0, 0.1), which show colossal magnetoresistance below 100 K. Samples of both compositions have been shown to be biphasic, although in each case both phases are of the RP type and have very similar structural parameters. Only one phase in each sample shows long range magnetic order. For x=0.0, the Mn cations and the Nd cations in the rocksalt layers of the structure are antiferromagnetically ordered in a noncollinear magnetic structure below 28 K; the Nd cations within the perovskite blocks do not show long range magnetic order. In the temperature range 28≤T/K≤137, only the Mn cations are ordered. The decoupling of the Nd cations is accompanied by a rotation of the Mn moments from a direction close (ø=27°) to the z axis into the xy plane. A similar temperature dependence is seen in the case x=0.1, although the ordered components of the cation moments are much reduced and the low temperature phase has a collinear magnetic structure with the moments aligned along z. The magnetotransport properties of these samples are discussed in the light of their crystal and magnetic structures.

Published
2016

49. Temperature and doping-level dependence of magnetic order in La2-xSrxNiO4+delta studied by muon spin rotation

Author

Jestadt, T, Chow, KH, Blundell, SJ, Hayes, W, Pratt, FL, Lovett, BW, Green, MA, Millburn, JE, and Rosseinsky, MJ

Abstract

We report muon-spin-rotation (μSR) measurements on a series of compounds with composition La2-xSrxNiO4+δ with strontium doping level x between 0 and 1. A magnetic transition is found in all the samples studied, which occurs at a composition-dependent temperature, TM. Below TM clear precession signals are observed in zero applied magnetic field for all x, indicating the existence of at least short-range magnetic order on a time scale longer than 10-8 s. Above TM the magnetic correlation times decrease by several orders of magnitude. At x≈0.33, we find peaks in both TM and the zero-temperature staggered magnetization, an observation which we attribute to the higher degree of localization of the holes at this doping level. The measurements of TM as a function of x extend the determination of Néel temperatures by previous neutron diffraction and μSR measurements. © 1999 The American Physical Society.

Published
2016

50. Muon-spin-relaxation studies of magnetic order and dynamics of the n = 2 Ruddlesden-Popper phases Sr2RMn2O7 (R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho)

Author

Bewley, RI, Blundell, SJ, Lovett, BW, Jestadt, T, Pratt, FL, Chow, KH, Hayes, W, Battle, PD, Green, MA, Millburn, JE, Rosseinsky, MJ, Spring, LE, and Vente, JF

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Zero field muon spin relaxation (μSR) has been used to study the magnetic properties of n=2 Ruddlesden-Popper phases Sr2RMn2O7, where R = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho. The results show that the size of the lanthanide ion is crucial in determining the magnetic state and dynamics of the system. Because muons are implanted throughout the bulk of the sample, impurity phases contribute only according to their volume fraction. Hence in the case of biphasic samples the data are dominated by the majority phase. Although none of our samples has a ferromagnetic ground state, colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is observed over a wide temperature range, 4 K

Published
2016

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