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Green A. E. and Orton M. Policy innovation in a fragmented and complex multilevel governance context: worklessness and the City Strategy in Great Britain, Regional Studies. This paper examines whether innovative policy development within fragmented and complex multilevel governance frameworks provides a paradox in that fragmentation and complexity justify, enable, and even require the launch of initiatives to deliver ‘joined-up thinking’, but at the same time place inherent constraints on what can be achieved. A new empirical insight is provided through research into the City Strategy initiative in Great Britain, which aims to tackle local concentrations of worklessness by promoting innovation within a framework of institutional complexity. It is argued that structural reform to provide institutional coherence may be a prerequisite of successful sub-national policy development. Green A. E. et Orton M. Apporter des innovations à la politique dans le contexte d'une gouvernance fragmentée et complexe à plusieurs niveaux: le chômage et la City Strategy en Grande-Bretagne, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à examiner si, oui ou on, apporter des innovations à la politique dans le contexte d'une gouvernance fragmentée et complexe à plusieurs niveaux fournit un paradoxe dans la mesure où la fragmentation et la complexité justifient, facilitent et même exigent la mise au point d'initiatives afin de mener à bien des ‘politiques cohérentes’, mais imposer à la fois des contraintes inhérentes à ce que l'on pourrait réaliser. A partir de la recherche sur l'initiative menée en Grande-Bretagne, à savoir la City Strategy, qui cherche à aborder le problème des bassins de chômage en encourageant l'innovation dans un contexte de complexité institutionnelle, on fournit un nouvel aperçu. On affirme que la réforme structurelle destinée à fournir une cohérence institutionnelle pourrait s'avérer une condition préalable du développement réussi de la politique sous-nationale. City Strategy?Innovation?Marché du travail?Chômage?Partenariat?Gouvernance sous-nationale Green A. E. und Orton M. Politische Innovation im Kontext einer fragmentierten und komplexen mehrschichtigen Regierungsführung: Arbeitslosigkeit und die City Strategy in Großbritannien, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob die Entwicklung innovativer Politik im Rahmen einer fragmentierten und komplexen mehrschichtigen Regierungsführung ein Paradox darstellt, da die Fragmentierung und Komplexität die Einführung von Initiativen für ‘gemeinsame Überlegungen’ rechtfertigen, ermöglichen und sogar nötig machen, aber zugleich hinsichtlich des Machbaren inhärente Grenzen setzen. Neue empirische Einblicke liefert die Erforschung der ‘City-Strategy’-Initiative in Großbritannien, bei der in einem Rahmen der institutionellen Komplexität lokale Konzentrationen von Arbeitslosigkeit durch die Förderung von Innovation bekämpft werden sollen. Wir argumentieren, dass eine Strukturreform zur Gewährleistung institutioneller Kohärenz eine Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung einer erfolgreichen Politik auf subnationaler Ebene darstellen könnte. City Strategy?Innovation?Arbeitsmarkt?Arbeitslosigkeit?Partnerschaftliche Arbeit?Regierungsführung auf subnationaler Ebene Green A. E. y Orton M. Innovación política en un contexto de gobierno fragmentado y complejo de varios niveles: desempleo y la Estrategia Metropolitana en Gran Bretaña, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos si el desarrollo de políticas innovadoras en estructuras de gobierno fragmentadas y complejas de varios niveles presenta una paradoja en cuanto a que la fragmentación y la complejidad justifican, permiten e incluso requieren la introducción de iniciativas para coordinar reflexión y acción pero al mismo tiempo imponen limitaciones inherentes. Ofrecemos una nueva perspectiva empírica analizando la iniciativa de la Estrategia Metropolitana en Gran Bretaña cuyo objetivo es luchar contra las concentraciones locales de desempleo fomentando la innovación en una estructura de complejidad institucional. Sostenemos que la reforma estructural para proporcionar coherencia institucional podría ser una condición previa para desarrollar con éxito una política subnacional. Estrategia metropolitana?Innovación?Mercado de trabajo?Desempleo?Trabajo de colaboración?Gobernanza subnacional [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Geographical unevenness in labour market and social conditions is one reason why the 'local' has been emphasised increasingly in the delivery of labour market policy in the UK. This article explores the extent to which there are local differences in labour market conditions using the characteristics and experiences of Incapacity Benefit (IB) claimants in Northern Ireland as an example. It then offers some comments on the potential for policy initiatives to cope with these spatial variations. Evidence from a survey of 803 IB claimants is used, supplemented by focus group material derived from discussions with Personal Advisers (PAs). The article shows that whilst there are important variations between areas, largely in the quantity and quality of jobs, and the perceptions that IB claimants hold of their local labour markets, there are also similarities in the general types of labour market barriers they face across areas. There is some evidence, however, to conclude that these barriers in urban areas are particularly pronounced and that some IB claimants in these places face severer obstacles to re-integration in the labour market than those in rural areas. The article also suggests that policy delivery to cope with these geographical differences faces two problems. First, capacity to respond to local differences is limited by strong systemic impulses towards centralisation. Secondly, and paradoxically, local differences erode capacity to respond to severer urban problems because social/institutional capacity within providers and policy-deliverers in these places is limited by high staff turnover and a crowded institutional landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Shuttleworth I. and Green A. E. Spatial mobility, workers and jobs: perspectives from the Northern Ireland experience, Regional Studies. How best to address local concentrations of worklessness is a key question for labour market, economic development and social inclusion policy. Historically, initiatives in Northern Ireland have focused on moving 'jobs to workers', but in changed political circumstances there is now greater emphasis on encouraging the movement of 'workers to jobs'. A review of the Northern Ireland experience in the context of broader consideration of the geography and socio-institutional... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has identified population aging as one of the most important challenges facing OECD countries and has highlighted the need for people to work longer and for job prospects for older workers to be enhanced. This article provides a summary review of a recent OECD report, Ageing and Employment Policies—Live Longer, Work Longer, as a platform to highlight differences between countries in demographic profiles and projections and in patterns of formal labor market participation among older workers. Drawing on selected information from a broader evidence base, it unveils important differences between countries in the scale of demographic and associated labor market challenges. It also explores factors affecting labor market transitions among older workers and age-related and other barriers to paid work among older people, emphasizing the diversity of experience between individuals. Finally, it highlights some strategic challenges for policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]