Author: "Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research"' showing total 485 results

Start Over Author "Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research"

485 results on '"Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research"'

1. Binational Conference on Rehabilitating and Conserving Detroit River Habitats

Author: Citizens Environment Alliance of Southwestern Ontario, University of Windsor. Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, International Joint Commission, Tulen, Lisa A., Hartig, John H., and Dolan, David M.
Published: 1998

2. Higher rates of prebreeding condition gain positively impacts clutch size: A mechanistic test of the condition‐dependent individual optimization model

Author: Tony D. Williams, Oliver P. Love, Holly L. Hennin, Joël Bêty, H. Grant Gilchrist, Pierre Legagneux, Cody J. Dey, Department of Biological Sciences and Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research [Canada], University of Windsor [Ca], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, and Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca)
Subjects: clutch size, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Avian clutch size, common eider, Marine Biology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, fattening rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Statistics, path analysis, Optimal combination, Clutch, triglyceride, Life history, Path analysis (statistics), Condition dependent, Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Integrative Biology, condition gain, Life Sciences, Biodiversity, individual optimization, Poor body condition, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, laying date, Body condition
Abstract: A combination of timing of and body condition (i.e., mass) at arrival on the breeding grounds interact to influence the optimal combination of the timing of reproduction and clutch size in migratory species. This relationship has been formalized by Rowe et al. in a condition-dependent individual optimization model (American Naturalist, 1994, 143, 689-722), which has been empirically tested and validated in avian species with a capital-based breeding strategy. This model makes a key, but currently untested prediction; that variation in the rate of body condition gain will shift the optimal combination of laying date and clutch size. This prediction is essential because it implies that individuals can compensate for the challenges associated with late timing of arrival or poor body condition at arrival on the breeding grounds through adjustment of their life history investment decisions, in an attempt to maximize fitness. Using an 11-year data set in arctic-nesting common eiders (Somateria mollissima), quantification of fattening rates using plasma triglycerides (an energetic metabolite), and a path analysis approach, we test this prediction of this optimization model; controlling for arrival date and body condition, females that fatten more quickly will adjust the optimal combination of lay date and clutch size, in favour of a larger clutch size. As predicted, females fattening at higher rates initiated clutches earlier and produced larger clutch sizes, indicating that fattening rate is an important factor in addition to arrival date and body condition in predicting individual variation in reproductive investment. However, there was no direct effect of fattening rate on clutch size (i.e., birds laying on the same date had similar clutch sizes, independent of their fattening rate). Instead, fattening rate indirectly affected clutch size via earlier lay dates, thus not supporting the original predictions of the optimization model. Our results demonstrate that variation in the rate of condition gain allows individuals to shift flexibly along the seasonal decline in clutch size to presumably optimize the combination of laying date and clutch size. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Comparative feeding behaviour of native and introduced terrestrial snails tracks their ecological impacts

Author: Steve Crookes, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Tedi Hoxha, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Ian MacIsaac, Mattias L. Johansson, Annegret Nicolai, Xuexiu Chang, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Yunnan Agricultural University, University of North Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG), Institute for Global Food Security [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), TH was supported by NSERC Undergraduate Scholarship, HJM by NSERC Discovery Grant and Canada Research Chair, and XC and HJM by a Joint Grant of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department - Yunnan University Major Project (2018FY001-007), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Functional response, Alien species, Introduced species, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, functional response, Dominance (ecology), lcsh:QH301-705.5, non-indigenous species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, interspecific competition, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Ecological Modelling, Habitat, lcsh:Biology (General), Animal ecology, Insect Science, Cepaea, Non-indigenous species, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: A developing body of theory and empirical evidence suggest that feeding behaviour as measured by the functional response (FR) can assist researchers in assessing the relative potential, ecological impacts and competitive abilities of native and introduced species. Here, we explored the FRs of two land snails that occur in south-western Ontario, one native (Mesodonthyroidus) and one non-indigenous (Cepaeanemoralis) to Canada. The non-indigenous species appears to have low ecological impact and inferior competitive abilities. Consistent with theory, while both species conformed to Type II functional responses, the native species had a significantly higher attack rate (5.30 vs 0.41, respectively) and slightly lower handling time (0.020 vs 0.023), and hence a higher maximum feeding rate (50.0 vs 43.5). The non-indigenous species exhibited a significantly longer time to contact for a variety of food types, and appeared less discriminating of paper that was offered as a non-food type. The non-indigenous species also ate significantly less food when in mixed species trials with the native snail. These feeding patterns match the known low ecological impact of the introduced snail and are consistent with the view that it is an inferior competitor relative to the native species. However, field experimentation is required to clarify whether the largely microallopatric distributions of the two species in south-western Ontario reflect competitive dominance by the native species or other factors such as habitat preference, feeding preferences or predator avoidance. The relative patterns of feeding behaviour and ecological impact are, however, fully in line with recent functional response theory and application.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author: Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P., Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Cláudia S., Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W. M., Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Imperial Coll London, Univ Kent, Middlesex Univ, Harvard TH Chan, Cleveland Clin, Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Brandeis Univ, Mulago Hosp, Uganda Heart Inst, World Hlth Org, Univ Oxford, Univ West Indies, Univ Auckland, South African Med Res Council, Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Inst Nutr, Capital Med Univ, Robert Koch Inst, German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Univ Zagreb, Univ Ljubljana, Uppsala Univ, Univ New South Wales, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Al Quds Univ, Birzeit Univ, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Univ Adelaide, Mahidol Univ, BRAC, Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Univ Amsterdam, Minist Hlth Malaysia, Non Communicable Dis Res Ctr, BIPS, Natl Ctr Diabet & Endocrinol, Kazakh Natl Med Univ, King Abdulaziz Univ, Univ Malaysia Sabah, Luxembourg Inst Hlth, World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Bombay Hosp & Med Res Ctr, Med Res Ctr, Lille Univ & Hosp, London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Bispebjerg Hosp, Frederiksberg Univ Hosp, Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Univ Porto, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Strasbourg Univ & Hosp, Nepal Hlth Res Council, Univ Iceland, Univ Yaounde I, Univ Fed Pelotas, Reg Author Publ Hlth, Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Indian Council Med Res, Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Palermo, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Univ Pernambuco, Dalhousie Univ, Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Sydney, Univ Tunis El Manar, CAFAM Univ Fdn, Univ Utah, Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), BJ Med Coll, Chirayu Med Coll, SL Jain Hosp, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ufa Eye Res Inst, Univ Southern, Univ Greenland, Univ Oslo, Univ Gothenburg, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Univ Turin, UCL, German Inst Human Nutr, Univ Republica, CEMIC, Toulouse Univ, Univ Hosp Varese, Minist Hlth, Univ Lausanne, Univ Ghent, Univ Cent Venezuela, Bielefeld Univ, German Canc Res Ctr, Univ Southern Denmark, Cork Inst Technol, Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Univ La Laguna, Univ Malta, Vanderbilt Univ, Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Istanbul Univ, Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Karolinska Inst, Univ Santiago Compostela, Duke NUS Med Sch, Natl Inst Med Stat, Acad Sinica, Capital Inst Pediat, Duke Univ, Kailuan Gen Hosp, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Univ Bern, Minist Hlth & Welf, Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm Timisoara, Murcia Reg Hlth Council, Korea Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Med Univ Silesia, Charles Univ Prague, Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Univ Southampton, IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Inst Pasteur, CIBEROBN, Natl Council Res, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hosp, Erasmus MC, Univ Montreal, French Publ Hlth Agcy, Univ Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos, Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Univ Queensland, Ist Super Sanita, Univ Cuenca, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Minist Sante & Lutte Contre Sida, Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Univ Latvia, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Inst Hosp Del Mar dInvest Med, Univ Stellenbosch, Karadeniz Tech Univ, Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Queens Univ Belfast, Univ Zurich, Centro Salud Villanueva Norte, Hosp Don Benito Villanueva Serena, Council Agr Res & Econ, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Univ Manchester, Univ Tartu, Univ Sains Malaysia, Umea Univ, Dalarna Univ, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Hosp Univ Son Espases, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Univ Fed Rio Grande, Kindai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Med Univ Warsaw, Univ Catania, CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Univ KwaZulu Natal, Geneva Univ Hosp, Australian Bur Stat, Wageningen Univ, B P Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Univ Insubria, Univ Politecn Madrid, Andes Clin Cardio Metab Studies, Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Univ Lille 2, Inst Clin & Expt Med, Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Jagiellonian Univ, Azienda Ospedaliera Univ Policlinico Vittorio Ema, Univ Novi Sad, Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Singapore Eye Res Inst, Iceland Heart Assoc, Univ Icesi, Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Kings Coll London, Int Agcy Res Canc, Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Univ Ibadan, Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Kyushu Univ, Tulane Univ, Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oulu Univ Hosp, Chron Dis Res Ctr, Univ Hong Kong, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Univ Western Australia, Celal Bayar Univ, Fdn Oftalmol Santander, Univ Oran 1, Independent Publ Hlth Specialist, Peking Univ, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amer Univ Beirut, Cairo Univ, Aga Khan Univ, UHC Zagreb, Niigata Univ, Hadassah Univ Med Ctr, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Heart Fdn, Natl Hlth Insurance Serv, Guangzhou 12th Hosp, Simon Fraser Univ, Heidelberg Univ, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, World Hlth Org Country Off, Czestochowa Tech Univ, Univ Crete, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Eastern Finland, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Univ Munster, Israel Ctr Dis Control, Res Inst Primordial Prevent Non communicable Dis, Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Res Inst Child Nutr, Univ Cambridge, Med Univ Innsbruck, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Natl Canc Ctr, Inst Trop Med, Tartu Univ Clin, Minist Hlth & Qual Life, Polish Acad Sci, Univ Groningen, North West Univ, Univ Jyvaskyla, Amrita Inst Med Sci, All India Inst Med Sci, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Minist Salud Publ, Sahlgrens Acad, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Food & Agr Org United Nat, Natl Univ Singapore, Tampere Univ Hosp, Univ Cape Town, West Virginia Univ, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn Rene Rachou Res Inst, Natl Taiwan Univ, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Med Greifswald, Consejeria Sanidad Junta de Castilla & Leon, Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Jikei Univ, CNR, Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Agr Univ Athens, Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Inst Internal & Prevent Med, Harokopio Univ, Univ Otago, Univ Padua, Lausanne Univ Hosp, CIBERCV, Emory Univ, UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Brown Univ, Univ Edinburgh, Stat Canada, Univ Coll Dublin, INSERM, Lusofona Univ, Univ Firenze, Ain Shams Univ, Hypertens Res Ctr, Univ Pecs, Univ Limpopo, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Univ Med Sci, Univ Zaragoza, RCSI Dublin, La Trobe Univ, Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, WHO, Dept Publ Hlth, Univ Brescia, Bushehr Univ Med Sci, Ulm Univ, Kobe Univ, Suraj Eye Inst, German Ctr Cardiovascular Res, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi Med Univ, Natl Hosp Endocrinol, Miami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Univ Turku Tyks, Heartfile, Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Tachikawa Gen Hosp, Acad Hosp Paramaribo, Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Univ Madeira, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Aarhus Univ, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Nstitute Social & Prevent Med, Univ Coimbra, Canc Prevent & Res Inst, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Zayed Univ, Catholic Univ Daegu, Jivandeep Hosp, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Vietnam Natl Heart Inst, Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Univ Sarajevo, Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr, Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Univ Split, Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Digest Oncol Res Ctr, Digest Dis Res Inst, Alborz Univ Med Sci, Univ Turku, India Diabet Res Fdn, Univ Putra Malaysia, Univ Malaya, Univ Valencia, Univ Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Hlth Ctr San Agustin, PharmAccess Fdn, Univ Nove de Julho, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Canarian Hlth Serv, Univ Ind Santander, Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Med Univ Gdansk, Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Marmara Univ, Univ Helsinki, Natl Inst Hlth, Catalan Dept Hlth, Univ Lisbon, South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Res & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Lagos State Univ, BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Univ Tokyo, Samsung Med Ctr, St Vincents Hosp, Med Univ Lodz, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Acad Med Ctr, Univ Bari, Lund Univ, Univ Copenhagen, Inst Reg Sante Publ, Univ Bordeaux, Univ Leuven, Univ Bonn, Sotiria Hosp, Hadassah Univ, Natl Inst Hyg, Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Hlth Serv Murcia, IB SALUT Area Salut Menorca, Inst Rech Dev, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Hellen Hlth Fdn, Govt Med Coll, Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Addis Ababa Univ, Dasman Diabet Inst, Univ Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Univ Tampere, Univ Utrecht, Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Consejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Univ Miguel Hernandez, North Karelian Ctr Publ Hlth, Univ Witwatersrand, Univ Strasbourg, Inst Med Res, Xinjiang Med Univ, St Georges Univ London, Med Univ Vienna, Univ Indonesia, Minist Agr, Fudan Univ, Univ Cyprus, Univ Teknol MARA, Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Zhou, B., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Taddei, C., Carrillo-Larco, R.M., Djalalinia, S., Khatibzadeh, S., Lugero, C., Peykari, N., Zhang, W.Z., Bennett, J., Bilano, V., Stevens, G.A., Cowan, M.J., Riley, L.M., Chen, Z., Hambleton, I.R., Jackson, R.T., Kengne, A.P., Khang, Y.H., Laxmaiah, A., Liu, J., Malekzadeh, R., Neuhauser, H.K., Sorić, M., Starc, G., Sundström, J., Woodward, M., Ezzati, M., Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R.J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmad, N.A., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N., Al-Raddadi, R., Ali, M.M., Ali, O., Alkerwi, A., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D.N., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Ängquist, L.H., Anjana, R.M., Ansong, D., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Aryal, K.K., Aspelund, T., Assah, F.K., Assunção, MCF, Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, AJD, Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benet, M., Benson, L.S., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bi, Y., Bikbov, M., Bista, B., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boeing, H., Boggia, J.G., Boissonnet, C.P., Bongard, V., Borchini, R., Bovet, P., Braeckman, L., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA, Bugge, A., Burns, C., Bursztyn, M., de León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cai, H., Cameron, C., Can, G., Cândido, APC, Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., Chen, F., Chen, H., Chen, S., Cheng, C.Y., Dekkaki, I.C., Chetrit, A., Chiolero, A., Chiou, S.T., Chirita-Emandi, A., Chirlaque, M.D., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Christofaro, D.G., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Cinteza, E., Claessens, F., Clays, E., Concin, H., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Coppinger, T.C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Craig, C.L., Crujeiras, A.B., Cruz, J.J., D'Arrigo, G., d'Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Dankner, R., Dantoft, T.M., Dauchet, L., Davletov, K., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., de Oliveira, P.D., De Smedt, D., Deepa, M., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Deschamps, V., Dhana, K., Di Castelnuovo, A.F., Dias-da-Costa, J.S., Diaz, A., Dickerson, T.T., Do, HTP, Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S.P., Döring, A., Dorobantu, M., Doua, K., Drygas, W., Dulskiene, V., Džakula, A., Dzerve, V., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E., Eggertsen, R., Ekelund, U., El Ati, J., Elliott, P., Elosua, R., Erasmus, R.T., Erem, C., Eriksen, L., Eriksson, J.G., Escobedo-de la Peña, J., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Fall, C.H., Farzadfar, F., Felix-Redondo, F.J., Ferguson, T.S., Fernandes, R.A., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrante, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Ferrieres, J., Finn, J.D., Fischer, K., Föger, B., Foo, L.H., Forslund, A.S., Forsner, M., Fouad, H.M., Francis, D.K., do Carmo Franco, M., Franco, O.H., Frontera, G., Fuchs, F.D., Fuchs, S.C., Fujita, Y., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Galvano, F., Garcia-de-la-Hera, M., Gareta, D., Garnett, S.P., Gaspoz, J.M., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Geleijnse, J.M., Ghasemian, A., Ghimire, A., Giampaoli, S., Gianfagna, F., Gill, T.K., Giovannelli, J., Goldsmith, R.A., Gonçalves, H., Gonzalez-Gross, M., González-Rivas, J.P., Gorbea, M.B., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Grajda, A., Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gregor, R.D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Grosso, G., Gruden, G., Grujic, V., Gu, D., Guan, O.P., Gudmundsson, E.F., Gudnason, V., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Guimaraes, A.L., Gulliford, M.C., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gunter, M., Gupta, P.C., Gupta, R., Gureje, O., Gurzkowska, B., Gutierrez, L., Gutzwiller, F., Hadaegh, F., Halkjær, J., Hardy, R., Hari Kumar, R., Hata, J., Hayes, A.J., He, J., He, Y., Elisabeth, M., Henriques, A., Cadena, L.H., Herrala, S., Heshmat, R., Hihtaniemi, I.T., Ho, S.Y., Ho, S.C., Hobbs, M., Hofman, A., Dinc, G.H., Horimoto, ARVR, Hormiga, C.M., Horta, B.L., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T.T., Htet, A.S., Than Htike, M.M., Hu, Y., Huerta, J.M., Huisman, M., Husseini, A.S., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A.G., Ibrahim, M.M., Wong, N.I., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M.A., Irazola, V.E., Islam, M., Al-Safi Ismail, A., Ivkovic, V., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, J.M., Jaddou, H., Jafar, T., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Jasienska, G., Jelaković, A., Jelaković, B., Jennings, G., Jeong, S.L., Jiang, C.Q., Joffres, M., Johansson, M., Jokelainen, J.J., Jonas, J.B., Jørgensen, T., Joshi, P., Jóźwiak, J., Juolevi, A., Jurak, G., Jureša, V., Kaaks, R., Kafatos, A., Kajantie, E.O., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kamaruddin, N.A., Karki, K.B., Kasaeian, A., Katz, J., Kauhanen, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Kazakbaeva, G., Keil, U., Boker, L.K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kelishadi, R., Kemper, HCG, Kerimkulova, A., Kersting, M., Key, T., Khader, Y.S., Khalili, D., Khateeb, M., Khaw, K.T., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U., Kiechl, S., Killewo, J., Kim, J., Kim, Y.Y., Klumbiene, J., Knoflach, M., Kolle, E., Kolsteren, P., Korrovits, P., Koskinen, S., Kouda, K., Kowlessur, S., Koziel, S., Kriemler, S., Kristensen, P.L., Krokstad, S., Kromhout, D., Kruger, H.S., Kubinova, R., Kuciene, R., Kuh, D., Kujala, U.M., Kulaga, Z., Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, P., Kusuma, Y.S., Kuulasmaa, K., Kyobutungi, C., Laatikainen, T., Lachat, C., Lam, T.H., Landrove, O., Lanska, V., Lappas, G., Larijani, B., Laugsand, L.E., Le Nguyen Bao, K., Le, T.D., Leclercq, C., Lee, J., Lehtimäki, T., León-Muñoz, L.M., Levitt, N.S., Li, Y., Lilly, C.L., Lim, W.Y., Lima-Costa, M.F., Lin, H.H., Lin, X., Lind, L., Linneberg, A., Lissner, L., Litwin, M., Lorbeer, R., Lotufo, P.A., Lozano, J.E., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lunet, N., Lytsy, P., Ma, G., Ma, J., Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S., Maggi, S., Magliano, D.J., Magriplis, E., Majer, M., Makdisse, M., Malhotra, R., Mallikharjuna Rao, K., Malyutina, S., Manios, Y., Mann, J.I., Manzato, E., Margozzini, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Marques, L.P., Marrugat, J., Martorell, R., Mathiesen, E.B., Matijasevich, A., Matsha, T.E., Mbanya, JCN, Mc Donald Posso, A.J., McFarlane, S.R., McGarvey, S.T., McLachlan, S., McLean, R.M., McLean, S.B., McNulty, B.A., Mediene-Benchekor, S., Medzioniene, J., Meirhaeghe, A., Meisinger, C., Menezes, AMB, Menon, G.R., Meshram, I.I., Metspalu, A., Meyer, H.E., Mi, J., Mikkel, K., Miller, J.C., Minderico, C.S., Francisco, J., Miranda, J.J., Mirrakhimov, E., Mišigoj-Durakovic, M., Modesti, P.A., Mohamed, M.K., Mohammad, K., Mohammadifard, N., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Mohd Yusoff, M.F., Møllehave, L.T., Møller, N.C., Molnár, D., Momenan, A., Mondo, C.K., Monyeki, KDK, Moon, J.S., Moreira, L.B., Morejon, A., Moreno, L.A., Morgan, K., Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M., Mostafa, A., Mota, J., Esmaeel Motlagh, M., Motta, J., Msyamboza, K.P., Mu, T.T., Muiesan, M.L., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Murphy, N., Mursu, J., Musil, V., Nabipour, I., Nagel, G., Naidu, B.M., Nakamura, H., Námešná, J., Nang, EEK, Nangia, V.B., Narake, S., Nauck, M., Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M., Ndiaye, N.C., Neal, W.A., Nenko, I., Neovius, M., Nervi, F., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, N.D., Nguyen, Q.N., Nguyen, Q.V., Nieto-Martínez, R.E., Niiranen, T.J., Ning, G., Ninomiya, T., Nishtar, S., Noale, M., Noboa, O.A., Noorbala, A.A., Norat, T., Noto, D., Al Nsour, M., O'Reilly, D., Oda, E., Oehlers, G., Oh, K., Ohara, K., Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, I.O., Omar, M.A., Onat, A., Ong, S.K., Ono, L.M., Ordunez, P., Ornelas, R., Osmond, C., Ostojic, S.M., Ostovar, A., Otero, J.A., Overvad, K., Owusu-Dabo, E., Paccaud, F.M., Padez, C., Pahomova, E., Pajak, A., Palli, D., Palmieri, L., Pan, W.H., Panda-Jonas, S., Panza, F., Papandreou, D., Park, S.W., Parnell, W.R., Parsaeian, M., Patel, N.D., Pecin, I., Pednekar, M.S., Peer, N., Peeters, P.H., Peixoto, S.V., Peltonen, M., Pereira, A.C., Peters, A., Petersmann, A., Petkeviciene, J., Pham, S.T., Pigeot, I., Pikhart, H., Pilav, A., Pilotto, L., Pitakaka, F., Piwonska, A., Plans-Rubió, P., Polašek, O., Porta, M., Portegies, MLP, Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Pradeepa, R., Prashant, M., Price, J.F., Puder, J.J., Puiu, M., Punab, M., Qasrawi, R.F., Qorbani, M., Bao, T.Q., Radic, I., Radisauskas, R., Rahman, M., Raitakari, O., Raj, M., Ramachandra Rao, S., Ramachandran, A., Ramos, E., Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Rangel Reina, D.A., Redon, J., Reganit, PFM, Ribeiro, R., Riboli, E., Rigo, F., Rinke de Wit, T.F., Ritti-Dias, R.M., Robinson, S.M., Robitaille, C., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M., Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A., Rojas-Martinez, R., Romaguera, D., Ronkainen, K., Rosengren, A., Roy, JGR, Rubinstein, A., Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B., Rutkowski, M., Sabanayagam, C., Sachdev, H.S., Saidi, O., Sakarya, S., Salanave, B., Salazar Martinez, E., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, V., Salonen, J.T., Salvetti, M., Sánchez-Abanto, J., Sans, S., Santos, D.A., Santos, I.S., Nunes Dos Santos, R., Santos, R., Saramies, J.L., Sardinha, L.B., Sarganas, G., Sarrafzadegan, N., Saum, K.U., Savva, S., Scazufca, M., Schargrodsky, H., Schipf, S., Schmidt, C.O., Schöttker, B., Schultsz, C., Schutte, A.E., Sein, A.A., Sen, A., Senbanjo, I.O., Sepanlou, S.G., Sharma, S.K., Shaw, J.E., Shibuya, K., Shin, D.W., Shin, Y., Si-Ramlee, K., Siantar, R., Sibai, A.M., Santos Silva, D.A., Simon, M., Simons, J., Simons, L.A., Sjöström, M., Skovbjerg, S., Slowikowska-Hilczer, J., Slusarczyk, P., Smeeth, L., Smith, M.C., Snijder, M.B., So, H.K., Sobngwi, E., Söderberg, S., Solfrizzi, V., Sonestedt, E., Song, Y., Sørensen, TIA, Soric, M., Jérome, C.S., Soumare, A., Staessen, J.A., Stathopoulou, M.G., Stavreski, B., Steene-Johannessen, J., Stehle, P., Stein, A.D., Stergiou, G.S., Stessman, J., Stieber, J., Stöckl, D., Stocks, T., Stokwiszewski, J., Stronks, K., Strufaldi, M.W., Sun, C.A., Sung, Y.T., Suriyawongpaisal, P., Sy, R.G., Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, M.L., Tamosiunas, A., Tan, E.J., Tang, X., Tanser, F., Tao, Y., Tarawneh, M.R., Tarqui-Mamani, C.B., Tautu, O.F., Taylor, A., Theobald, H., Theodoridis, X., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B.H., Tjonneland, A., Tolonen, H.K., Tolstrup, J.S., Topbas, M., Topór-Madry, R., Tormo, M.J., Torrent, M., Traissac, P., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulou, A., Trinh, OTH, Trivedi, A., Tshepo, L., Tulloch-Reid, M.K., Tullu, F., Tuomainen, T.P., Tuomilehto, J., Turley, M.L., Tynelius, P., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ugel, E.E., Ulmer, H., Uusitalo, HMT, Valdivia, G., Valvi, D., van der Schouw, Y.T., Van Herck, K., Van Minh, H., van Rossem, L., Van Schoor, N.M., van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Vatten, L., Vega, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Veronesi, G., Monique Verschuren, W.M., Verstraeten, R., Victora, C.G., Viet, L., Viikari-Juntura, E., Vineis, P., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J.K., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vlasoff, T., Vollenweider, P., Voutilainen, S., Wade, A.N., Wagner, A., Walton, J., Wan Bebakar, W.M., Wan Mohamud, W.N., Wanderley, R.S., Wang, M.D., Wang, Q., Wang, Y.X., Wang, Y.W., Wannamethee, S.G., Wareham, N., Wedderkopp, N., Weerasekera, D., Whincup, P.H., Widhalm, K., Widyahening, I.S., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A.H., Wilks, R.J., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Williams, E.A., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong-McClure, R.A., Wong, JYY, Wong, T.Y., Woo, J., Giwercman Wu, A., Wu, F.C., Wu, S., Xu, H., Yan, W., Yang, X., Ye, X., Yiallouros, P.K., Yoshihara, A., Younger-Coleman, N.O., Yusoff, A.F., Zainuddin, A.A., Zambon, S., Zampelas, A., Zdrojewski, T., Zeng, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Zheng, W., Zheng, Y., Zhu, D., Zhussupov, B., Zimmermann, E., Cisneros, J.Z., Zhou, Bin, Bentham, Jame, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charle, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, Jame, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Riley, Leanne M, Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R, Jackson, Rod T, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charle, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ängquist, Lars H, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J D, Barros, Mauro V, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Maria J, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolore, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, El, Concin, Han, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chri, Craig, Cora L, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abba, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soare, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T, Do, Ha T P, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilni, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H, Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D, Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Ander, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idri, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R V R, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E, Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattia, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C G, Kengne, Andre P, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lar, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L L, Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yanni, Mann, Jim I, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Mondo, Charles K, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthia, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L P, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puder, Jardena J, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G R, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Shyong Tai, E, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene G M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W M, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M
Subjects: systolic blood pressure, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, blood pressure measurement, HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Population Health, Global Health, Non-communicable Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, South Asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine and Health Sciences, middle income country, measurement method, skin and connective tissue diseases, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, adult, Population health, public health, blood pressure regulation, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Non-communicable disease, kansainvälinen vertailu, health survey, aged, female, priority journal, Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, GLOBAL TRENDS, SODIUM-INTAKE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, survey design, hypertension, prevalence, Global health, UNITED-STATES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, Article, SECULAR TRENDS, Middle East, Central Asia, male, disease prevalence, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, kansanterveys, blood, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, human, verenpainetauti, non-communicable disease, Science & Technology, Pacific Ocean, high income country, diastolic blood pressure, Pacific Rim, Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population, North Africa, major clinical study, HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, verenpaine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, POTASSIUM INTAKE, sense organs, trend analysis, trend study, population research, population health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, low income country
Abstract: Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Risky business for a juvenile marinepredator? Testing the influence offoraging strategies on size and growthrate under natural conditions

Author: Hussey, Nigel, DiBattista, Joseph D., W.MOORE, Jonathan, WARD, Eric J., fisk, Aaron T., Kessel, Steven, Guttridge, Tristan L., Feldheim, Kevin A., Franks, Bryan R., Gruber, Samuel H., Weideli, Ornella C., Chapman, Demian D., University of Windsor [Ca], Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research / Department of Biological Sciences, Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)
Subjects: life history, lemon shark, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, food web, predation risk, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, stable isotopes, natural selection
Abstract: International audience; Mechanisms driving selection of body size and growth rate in wild marinevertebrates are poorly understood, thus limiting knowledge of their fitnesscosts at ecological, physiological and genetic scales. Here, we indirectlytested whether selection for size-related traits of juvenile sharks that inhabita nursery hosting two dichotomous habitats, protected mangroves (lowpredation risk) and exposed seagrass beds (high predation risk), is influencedby their foraging behaviour. Juvenile sharks displayed a continuumof foraging strategies between mangrove and seagrass areas, with someindividuals preferentially feeding in one habitat over another. Foraginghabitat was correlated with growth rate, whereby slower growing, smallerindividuals fed predominantly in sheltered mangroves, whereas larger,faster growing animals fed over exposed seagrass. Concomitantly, trackedjuveniles undertook variable movement behaviours across both the lowand high predation risk habitat. These data provide supporting evidencefor the hypothesis that directional selection favouring smaller size andslower growth rate, both heritable traits in this shark population, may bedriven by variability in foraging behaviour and predation risk. Such evolutionarypathways may be critical to adaptation within predator-drivenmarine ecosystems.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009–30 November 2009

Author: Gen-Bo Xu, Yi Kyung Kim, Zhen Xia Sha, N. Sreejayan, Maria Domenica Moccia, B. W. Hou, Fuwen Wei, Shaoying Liu, Mi Sook Min, Radosavljević Ivan, William Stewart Grant, Peter Kaňuch, Hai Hui Ye, Monika Pfunder, Stefan Woltmann, Antonis Rokas, Z. Y. Feng, Susanne Gustafsson, Benjamin N. Sacks, Hang Lee, M. L. Xie, Eun Ha Shin, Xiao Jun Xu, Kevin A. Feldheim, Scott A. Taylor, Zlatko Šatović, Maria Gaillard, Martin Lascoux, Christopher A. Saski, Ryan P. Walter, Vicki L. Friesen, Junghwa An, Shao Jing Li, Gudasalamani Ravikanth, Arnaud Béchet, William D. Templin, Juan A. Galaraza, Qingui Cai, Yi Wang, Zac Grauvogel, Åsa Berggren, Kyung Seok Kim, Sang Gyu Kim, James A. Morris-Pocock, Brian R. Kreiser, Sung Kyoung Choi, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Branka Javornik, X. Y. Ding, L. Han, Sofia Hemmilä, Julia Geraci, Daniel D. Heath, Leonardo A. Gallo, J. Zhong, Kyung i.Kl Kim, Frank Cézilly, Zhengxin Sun, Marcelle Moore, Maren A. Klich, Kumara P. Mohana, Yong Fan, F. Zhang, Zlatko Liber, Xiaolin Liao, Yong Jin Won, Athena Lam, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Alex Widmer, Xiangjiang Zhan, Sarah K. Brown, Han Chan Park, Yong Tao, Ramesh Vasudeva, Y. H. Ma, Yajun Ma, D. L. Li, Jing Wu, Kelly Lasater, George K. Roderick, Ke Jian Wang, Anna Cassel-Lundhagen, Carolina Soliani, J. Derek Hogan, Jernej Jakše, Yun Sun Lee, Ye Seul Kwan, Song-Lin Chen, Xin Hui Luo, Sean D. Schoville, Michael William Bruford, Jeffrey Robert Guyon, John G. Gibbons, Lin Lin, R. Uma Shaanker, Sang In Kim, Federico Sebastiani, W. Y. Li, Gui Zhong Wang, Rémi Wattier, Wei Cheng, Paula Marchelli, Woo-Jin Kim, BK21 program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Canid Diversity and Conservation Laboratory, University of California, Biodiversity and Ecological Processes Group, Cardiff University, Caopo Nature Reserves, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resource, Ministry of Agriculture-Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Jiangsu Provincal Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Department of Pathogen Biology and State Key Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Department of Biology, Queen's University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Unidad de Genética Ecológica y Mejoramiento Forestal, INTA EEA Bariloche, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Department of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Program in Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Uppsala University, Auke Bay Laboratories (ABL), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB), USDA, Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Division of EcoScience, EWHA Womans University (EWHA), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Division of Botany [Zagreb], Department of Biology [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb-Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, College of Aqua-life Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Crop Physiology, Biological Sciences Department [Sacrameno], California State University [Sacramento], Ecogenics GmbH, Department of Population Health and Reproduction, Genomics Institute, Clemson University, Department of Seed Science and Technology [Zagreb], Faculty of Agriculture [Zagreb] (UNIZG), Laboratorio Genexpress, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Instituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, College of Marine Life Sciences [Qingdao], Ocean University of China (OUC), Seoul National University [Seoul], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Nanjing Normal University, Estacion Biologica Doñana, Auke Bay Laboratories ( ABL ), Alaska Fisheries Science Center ( AFSC ), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), University of Windsor, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife ( CGRB ), Agence Régionale de la Santé ( ARS ), University of Southern Mississippi, EWHA Womans University ( EWHA ), Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Botany, University of Zagreb, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Seed Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), College of Marine Life Sciences, and Ocean University of China
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Colias interior, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Botany, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Database, Salvia officinalis, biology.organism_classification, food.food, Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium loddigesii, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, Colias eurytheme, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Aspergillus clavatus, computer, Biotechnology
Abstract: 5 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2009-30 September 2009

Author: Abdoullaye, Doukary, Acevedo, I., Adebayo, Abisola A., Behrmann-Godel, Asminca, Benjamin, R.C., Bock, Dan G., Born, Céline, Brouat, Carine, Caccone, Adalgisa, Cao, Ling-Zhen, Casado-Amezua, P., Catanéo, J., Correa-Ramirez, M.M., Cristescu, Melania E., Dobigny, Gauthier, Egbosimba, Emmanuelle E., Etchberger, Lianna K., Fan, Bin, Fields, Peter D., Forcioli, D., Furla, P., Garcia de Leon, F.J., García-Jiménez, R., Gauthier, Philippe, Cergz, René, Conzalez, Clementina, Granjon, Laurent, Guttiérrez-Rodriguez, Carla, Havill, Nathan P., Helsen, P., Hether, Tylier D., Hoffman, Eric A., Hu, Xiangyang, Ingvarsson, Pär K., Ishizaki, S., Ji, Heyi, Ji, X.S., Jimenez, M.L., Kapil, R., Karban, R., Keller, Stephen R., Kubota, S., Li, Shuzhen, Li, Wansha, Lim, Douglas D., Lin, Haoran, Liu, Xiaochun, Luo, Yayan, Machor-Dom, A., Martin, Andrew P., Matthysen, E., Mazzella, Maxwell N., McGeoch, Mélodie A., Meng, Zining, Nishizawa, M., O'Brien, Patricia, Ohara, M., Ornelas, Juan Francisco, Ortu, M.F., Pedersen, Amy B., Preston, L., Ren, Qin, Rothhaupt, Karl-Otto, Sackett, Loren C., Sang, Qing, Sawyer, G.M., Shiojiri, K., Taylor, Douglas R., van Dongen, S., Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine, Vandewoestijne, S., Wang, H., Wang, J.T., Lewang,, Xu, Xiang-Li, Yang, Guang, Yang, Yongping, Zeng, Y.Q., Zhang, Qing-Wen, Zhang, Yongping, Zhao, Y., Zhou, Yan, Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Office Development Consortium, ., Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Stellenbosch University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Laboratorio de Genetica de la Conservacion, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable [Montevideo] (IIBCE), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste,S.C., Partenaires INRAE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Department of Biology, Utah State University (USU), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Forest Service, Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Départment of biology, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Umeå University, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Nanjing Normal University (NNU), Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Department of Entomology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Faculty of Biology), University of Science-Vietnam National Universities, South African National Parks, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Edinburgh, Center of Ecological Research, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Office Development Consortium
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cnidaria, Mediterranean climate, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiodinium, Eunicella singularis, REFERENCEMENT, Anthozoa, ddc:570, GENBANK, Genetics, Temperate climate, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, biology, ved/biology, biology.organism_classification, INSECTE, Gorgonian, CATALOGUE, Microsatellite, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, ECOLOGIE, Biotechnology
Abstract: Correspondance: Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, E-mail: editorial.office@molecolres.com; International audience; This article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Adelges tsugae, Artemisia tridentata, Astroides calycularis, Azorella selago, Botryllus schlosseri, Botrylloides violaceus, Cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, Campylopterus curvipennis, Colocasia esculenta, Cynomys ludovicianus, Cynomys leucurus, Cynomys gunnisoni, Epinephelus coioides, Eunicella singularis, Gammarus pulex, Homoeosoma nebulella, Hyla squirella, Lateolabrax japonicus, Mastomys erythroleucus, Pararge aegeria, Pardosa sierra, Phoenicopterus ruber ruber and Silene latifolia. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Adelges abietis, Adelges cooleyi, Adelges piceae, Pineus pini, Pineus strobi, Tubastrea micrantha, three other Tubastrea species, Botrylloides fuscus, Botrylloides simodensis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Campylopterus rufus, Campylopterus largipennis, Campylopterus villaviscensio, Phaethornis longuemareus, Florisuga mellivora, Lampornis amethystinus, Amazilia cyanocephala, Archilochus colubris, Epinephelus lanceolatus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Symbiodinium temperate-A clade, Gammarus fossarum, Gammarus roeselii, Dikerogammarus villosus and Limnomysis benedeni. This article also documents the addition of 72 sequencing primer pairs and 52 allele specific primers for Neophocaena phocaenoides
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Assessment of estrogen (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activities in organic sediment extracts of the detroit river, using in vitro bioassays based on human MELN and teleost PLHC-1 cell lines

Author: Janusz Dominik, Selim Ait-Aissa, Michel Pardos, Patrick Balaguer, Pascale Michallet-Ferrier, G. Douglas Haffner, Institute F.A. Forel, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research / Department of Biological Sciences, and University of Windsor [Ca]
Subjects: medicine.drug_class, Aquatic Science, SEDIMENT, PLHC-1, Toxicology, MELN, medicine, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION, Bioassay, Receptor, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, DETROIT RIVER, Ecology, biology, Chemistry, Life Sciences, Transfection, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, In vitro, PAHS, Biochemistry, Estrogen, Cell culture, Cancer cell, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, biology.protein, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract: International audience; Binding to estrogen and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (ER and AhR) is a possible mechanism for a compound to mediate endocrine-disrupting effects. In the present study, substances contained in sediment organic fractions from the Detroit River were screened for their ability to bind ER and/or AhR. Two in vitro bioassays were used: MELN cells, consisting of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) stably transfected with the luciferase reporter gene, to assess the binding to ER, and cultured fish hepatocytes, PLHC-1, to measure the AhR-mediated induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD). Chemical analyses of the sediment extracts were performed to examine relationships with the biological responses. Significant ER- and AhR-activities were mostly found in the most polar fraction (containing mostly PAHs). The five strongest estrogenic extracts were also the most efficient to induce EROD activity. The correlation between PAHs contamination level and biological responses suggests that the most polluted areas contain a mixture of both estrogenic and EROD-inducing compounds or, alternatively, compounds able to bind ER and AhR, such as PAHs, would be responsible for the observed activities.
Published: 2004

9. Fatty acid carbon isotopes as tracers of trophic structure and contaminant biomagnification in Arctic marine food webs.

Author: Pedersen AF, Fisk AT, McMeans BC, Dietz R, Sonne C, Rosing-Asvid A, Ferguson SH, and McKinney MA
Subjects: Animals, Arctic Regions, Nunavut, Aquatic Organisms metabolism, Zooplankton metabolism, Greenland, Food Chain, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism, Fatty Acids analysis
Abstract: Mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutant (POP) accumulation among species and biomagnification through food webs is typically assessed using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ 15 N) and carbon (δ 13 C) in bulk (whole) tissues. Yet, bulk isotopic approaches have limitations, notably from the potential overlap of isotope values from different dietary sources and from spatial variation in source (baseline) signals. Here, we explore the potential of fatty acid carbon isotopes (FA δ 13 C) to (1) evaluate the trophic structure of a marine food web, (2) distinguish feeding patterns among four marine mammal consumers, (3) trace contaminant biomagnification through a food web, and (4) explain interspecific variation in contaminants among high-trophic position predators. In the Cumberland Sound (CS) food web of Nunavut, Canada, ranging from zooplankton to Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus), FA δ 13 C values for the monounsaturated FAs, 20:1 and 22:1 isomers, did not vary across the food web, while the long-chain polyunsaturated FA, 22:6n3 showed δ 13 C values that were enriched by ~1.5 ‰ with each trophic position. Values of δ 13 C for shorter-chain and saturated FAs varied widely across this food web. In East Greenland (EG) marine mammals, FA δ 13 C values were significantly higher in migratory sub-Arctic species relative to Arctic residents. Linear models using FA δ 13 C as explanatory variables for contaminant concentrations demonstrated that baseline-corrected δ 13 C values of certain dietary FAs explained more variation in POP concentrations than did bulk stable isotopes in EG marine mammals. However, bulk δ 15 N better explained Hg variation in the CS food web. This study details the FA δ 13 C instrumental methods, such that other researchers can test this novel approach on other species, locations, and food webs to further evaluate whether the δ 13 C values of certain diet-derived FAs consistently show limited or predictable trophic fractionation and may therefore be useful for assessing the accumulation and biomagnification of lipophilic contaminants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Effects of wastewater on phosphorus, nitrogen, and nuisance benthic algae in nearshore regions of a large lake.

Author: Song Z, Chomicki KM, Drouillard K, Depew D, and Weidman RP
Subjects: Ontario, Water Quality, Phosphorus analysis, Nitrogen analysis, Wastewater chemistry, Lakes chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods
Abstract: Upgrading wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a global practice for achieving increasingly stringent nutrient discharge objectives set by governments to accommodate population growth and reduce surface water pollution. However, associated downstream improvements in nutrient conditions are difficult to determine in nearshore regions of large aquatic ecosystems due to complex biophysical processes. We conducted a nine-year water quality study and analyzed the data using linear mixed models (LMMs) within a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) framework to assess effects of an upgrade to the Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant (DCWPCP) on surface water nutrient conditions and proliferation of nuisance benthic algae (Cladophora glomerata) in nearshore Lake Ontario. The DCWPCP upgrade resulted in increased effluent concentrations and loads of nitrite+nitrate (NO 2+3 ) due to enhanced nitrification, while reducing total Kjeldahl nitrogen and ammonia+ammonium (NH 3+4 ). However, total phosphorus (TP) in effluent only changed slightly due to operational constraints during plant upgrade. For nearshore nutrient conditions, our LMM-BACI framework revealed that, after upgrade, NH 3+4 decreased at impact site relative to control sites. In contrast, following upgrade, an observed decline in NO 2+3 concentrations was less pronounced at impact site compared to control sites, suggesting increased NO 2+3 inputs into nearshore surface water from the DCWPCP. We could not detect obvious improvement in nearshore TP concentrations, stoichiometric ratios of total inorganic nitrogen to TP and NO 2+3 to TP, or phosphorus tissue content of Cladophora, likely due to the only slight reduction in TP from the DCWPCP. Overall, our findings showed that the DCWPCP upgrade increased NO 2+3 inputs, which could have important implications for nutrient management and trade-offs associated with WWTP upgrades that reduce one chemical species at the expense of another. Other researchers may find our LMM-BACI framework useful to detect localized impacts of nutrient inputs in nearshore and coastal areas where multiple physical and climate drivers influence water quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Metagenomics reveals spatial variation in cyanobacterial composition, function, and biosynthetic potential in the Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Author: Hart LN, Zepernick BN, Natwora KE, Brown KM, Obuya JA, Lomeo D, Barnard MA, Okech EO, Kiledal EA, Den Uyl PA, Olokotum M, Wilhelm SW, McKay RM, Drouillard KG, Sherman DH, Sitoki L, Achiya J, Getabu A, Otiso KM, Bullerjahn GS, and Dick GJ
Abstract: The Winam Gulf in the Kenyan region of Lake Victoria experiences prolific, year-round cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) which pose threats to human, livestock, and ecosystem health. To our knowledge, there is limited molecular research on the gulf's cyanoHABs, and thus, the strategies employed for survival and proliferation by toxigenic cyanobacteria in this region remain largely unexplored. Here, we used metagenomics to analyze the Winam Gulf's cyanobacterial composition, function, and biosynthetic potential. Dolichospermum was the dominant bloom-forming cyanobacterium, co-occurring with Microcystis at most sites. Microcystis and Planktothrix were more abundant in shallow and turbid sites. Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of Dolichospermum harbored nitrogen fixation genes, suggesting diazotrophy as a potential mechanism supporting the proliferation of Dolichospermum in the nitrogen-limited gulf. Over 300 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) putatively encoding the synthesis of toxins and other secondary metabolites were identified across the gulf, even at sites where there were no visible cyanoHAB events. Almost all BGCs identified had no known synthesis product, indicating a diverse and novel biosynthetic repertoire capable of synthesizing harmful or potentially therapeutic metabolites. Microcystis MAGs contained mcy genes encoding the synthesis of hepatotoxic microcystins which are a concern for drinking water safety. These findings illustrate the spatial variation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in the Winam Gulf and their available strategies to dominate different ecological niches. This study underscores the need for further use of genomic techniques to elucidate the dynamics and mitigate the potentially harmful effects of cyanoHABs and their associated toxins on human, environmental, and economic health.
Published: 2025
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Transgenerational Plasticity Enhances the Tolerance of Duckweed ( Lemna minor ) to Stress from Exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa .

Author: Li G, Zheng T, Wang G, Gu Q, Chang X, Qian Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Li B, and Geng Y
Subjects: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Photosynthesis, Transcriptome, Microcystis genetics, Microcystis growth & development, Microcystis metabolism, Araceae genetics, Araceae growth & development, Araceae metabolism, Araceae microbiology, Adaptation, Physiological genetics, Stress, Physiological
Abstract: Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) refers to the influence of ancestral environmental signals on offspring's traits across generations. While evidence of TGP in plants is growing, its role in plant adaptation over successive generations remains unclear, particularly in floating plants facing fluctuating environments. Duckweed ( Lemna minor ), a common ecological remediation material, often coexists with the harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa , which releases a highly toxic exudate mixture (MaE) during its growth. In this study, we investigate the TGP of duckweed and its adaptive role under stress from MaE during the bloom-forming process. We found that exposure to MaE induces significant phenotypic plasticity in duckweed, manifested by alterations in morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic profiles. Specifically, MaE exposure significantly affected duckweed, promoting growth at low concentrations but inhibiting it at high concentrations, affecting traits like biomass, frond number, total frond area, and photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, together with the levels of proline, soluble sugars, and proteins, are elevated with increasing MaE concentrations. These plastic changes are largely retained through asexual reproductive cycles, persisting for several generations even under MaE-free conditions. We identified 619 genes that maintain a 'transcriptional memory', some of which correlate with the TGP-linked alterations in morphological and physiological traits in response to MaE stress. Notably, progeny from MaE-exposed lineages demonstrate enhanced fitness when re-exposed to MaE. These results enhance our comprehension of the adaptive significance of TGP in plants and suggest feasible approaches for utilizing duckweed's TGP in the bioremediation of detrimental algal blooms.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Molecular investigation of harmful cyanobacteria reveals hidden risks and niche partitioning in Kenyan Lakes.

Author: Zepernick BN, Hart LN, Chase EE, Natwora KE, Obuya JA, Olokotum M, Houghton KA, Kiledal EA, Sheik CS, Sherman DH, Dick GJ, Wilhelm SW, Sitoki L, Otiso KM, McKay RML, and Bullerjahn GS
Subjects: Kenya, Lakes microbiology, Cyanobacteria genetics, Harmful Algal Bloom
Abstract: Despite the global expansion of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs), research is biased to temperate systems within the global north, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. This lack of diversity represents a significant gap in the field and jeopardizes the health of those who reside along at-risk watersheds in the global south. The African Great Lake, Lake Victoria, is understudied despite serving as the second largest lake by surface area and demonstrating year-round cHABs. Here, we address this knowledge gap by performing a molecular survey of cHAB communities in three anthropogenically and ecologically important freshwater systems of Victoria's Kenyan watershed: Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria), Lake Simbi and Lake Naivasha. We identified a bloom of non-toxic Dolichospermum and toxic Microcystis in the Winam Gulf, with data suggesting sulfur limitation shapes competition dynamics between these two bloom-formers. Though we did not detect a bloom in Naivasha, it contained the largest diversity of cHAB genera amongst the three lakes. In turn, our results indicated methane metabolism may allow non-toxic picoplankton to outcompete cHAB genera, while suggesting Synechococcus spp. serves as a methane source and sink in this system. Lake Simbi exhibited a non-toxic Limnospira bloom at the time of sampling with very low abundances of cHAB genera present. Subsequently, these results were employed to design a cHAB screening and risk assessment framework for local stakeholders. Cumulatively, this work serves to increase cHAB research efforts on the international scale while serving as an impetus for cHAB monitoring on the local scale., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Macrophytes mitigate Microcystis aeruginosa-induced fish appetite suppression via intestinal metabolite regulation.

Author: Niu M, Harshaw K, Xiang Q, Zhou Y, Xiang P, Ju Z, Long W, MacIsaac HJ, and Chang X
Subjects: Animals, Intestines microbiology, Intestines drug effects, Metabolome drug effects, Appetite Regulation drug effects, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 metabolism, Orexins metabolism, Appetite drug effects, Microcystis
Abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms and aquatic macrophytes can affect the health, physiology, and behavior of freshwater fish. Changes in food intake can be a key indicator of stress in teleost fish, while changes in metabolite abundance in the gut can indicate a shift in metabolic priorities, including response to environmental stressors. Here, we exposed stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) to the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and/or the macrophyte Ottelia acuminata and analyzed changes in fish health, appetite regulation, and intestinal metabolome after 96-h exposures. We found that O. acuminata treatment didn't change the tested indicators, while exposure to M. aeruginosa increased concentrations of appetite-inhibiting factors, such as CART and GLP-1, and decreased concentrations of stimulatory factors like orexin. Exploration of the metabolome following exposure revealed that the appetite-inhibiting influence of M. aeruginosa was positively correlated with key metabolites of lipid, amino acid, and cholesterol metabolism, especially those associated with bile acid synthesis and secretion. Further, the presence of O. acuminata decreased the adverse effects of M. aeruginosa among neuro-endocrine regulatory factors, which could be explained by altered regulation of intestinal amino acid metabolites. The deeper mechanism by which O. acuminata moderates the harmful effects of M. aeruginosa remains to be identified., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Comprehensive evaluation of UV inactivation of E. coli using multiple gene targets and real-time quantitative PCR.

Author: Rahman N, Chaganti SR, Seth R, and Heath DD
Abstract: UV disinfection is extensively used for wastewater disinfection and disinfection efficiency is commonly monitored using culture-based enumeration of E. coli . While culture-independent real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) based methods are attractive due to faster turnaround and easier application, previous attempts with qPCR to monitor disinfection have been unsuccessful. In this study, the effect of UV irradiation on a pure E. coli culture was examined in collimated beam (CB) experiments and monitored using both a culturing technique and DNA damage quantified using both short amplicon (SA; <∼200 bp) qPCR and longer amplicon (LA; ∼500-bp) qPCR. The results, covering a UV dose range of 0 - 20 mJ/cm 2 commonly used for wastewater disinfection, indicate a correlation between DNA gene damage quantified by both SA- and LA-qPCR and the decline in E. coli observed through culture-based methods. This demonstrates the potential of qPCR to serve as rapid alternative for monitoring wastewater disinfection efficacy. Furthermore, LA-qPCR was observed to be more sensitive than SA-qPCR. The results using LA-qPCR also revealed that UV exposure caused widespread and indiscriminate damage to E. coli 's genome, which is considered critical for its function and survival. The combined effect of UV on E. coli 's ability to function, grow or repair damage is suggested as the reason for the decline in culturability observed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Metagenomic sequencing of cyanobacterial-dominated Lake Victoria-an African Great Lake.

Author: Zepernick BN, Hart LN, Natwora KE, Brown KM, Obuya JA, Olokotum M, Okech EO, Keating NG, Lomeo D, Tebbs EJ, Sheik CS, Sherman DH, Dick GJ, Wilhelm SW, Drouillard KG, Lawrence T, Getabu A, Owuor B, Shitandi A, Omondi R, Njiru J, Sitoki L, Otiso KM, McKay RML, and Bullerjahn GS
Abstract: We report 40 metagenomic libraries collected from the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria during May-July of 2022-2023 and an additional eight opportunistic libraries from adjacent Lakes Simbi, Naivasha, and regional river systems. The sampling period captured cyanobacterial bloom events - shedding insight onto community composition and genomic potential.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Animals as Covictims and More-Than-Property: The Inclusion of Companion Animals in Protection Order Statutes at the State Level in the United States.

Author: Fitzgerald A
Abstract: This article analyzes statutes in 37 U.S. states and Washington D.C. amended to include companion animals in definitions of domestic violence and to enable their inclusion in protection order (POs). The findings indicate that while the inclusion of animal abuse in definitions of domestic violence tends to frame their maltreatment in anthropocentric terms-as a vehicle for harming people-the language and consequences of their inclusion in some PO statutes position them as more-than-property, that is, more as subjects than objects. The analysis documents a temporal trend toward offering greater protections over time, greater bipartisan support for the amendments, and a shift from animals-as-property toward sociolegal recognition of their social membership and the ways their well-being is interconnected with that of the people who care for them., (© 2024 Springer Publishing Company.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Discharge of ballast residual sediments during de-ballasting procedures: A more realistic estimate of propagule pressure.

Author: Simard N, Weise AM, Rochon A, Briski E, MacIsaac HJ, and McKindsey CW
Subjects: Animals, Invertebrates physiology, Dinoflagellida physiology, Environmental Monitoring, Introduced Species, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Ships
Abstract: Ship ballast residual sediments are an important vector of introduction for non-indigenous species. We evaluated the proportion of residual sediments and associated organisms released during de-ballasting operations of a commercial bulk carrier and estimated a total residual sediment accumulation of ∼13 t, with accumulations of up to 20 cm in some tank areas that had accumulated over 11 years. We observed interior hull-fouling (anemones, hydrozoans, and bryozoans) and high abundances of viable invertebrate resting stages and dinoflagellate cysts in sediments. Although we determined that <1 % of residual sediments and associated resting stages were resuspended and released into the environment during individual de-ballasting events, this represents a substantial inoculum of 21 × 10 7 viable dinoflagellate cysts and 7.5 × 10 5 invertebrate resting stages with many taxa being nonindigenous, cryptogenic, or toxic/harmful species. The methods used and results will help estimate propagule pressure associated with this pathway and will be relevant for residual sediments and nonindigenous species management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Norfloxacin affects inorganic nitrogen compound transformation in tailwater containing Corbicula fluminea.

Author: Wei J, Hong Z, Li W, Yang X, Fu Z, Chen X, Hu J, Jin Z, Long B, Chang X, and Qian Y
Subjects: Corbicula genetics, Corbicula physiology, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Wetlands, Power Plants, Nitrogen Cycle, Nitrate Reductase, Nitrites metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Norfloxacin analysis, Norfloxacin toxicity, Nitrogen metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents analysis, Anti-Bacterial Agents toxicity, Water Microbiology
Abstract: The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, commonly used in engineered wetlands receiving tailwater, affects nitrogen compound transformation in water. This study investigates how a commonly observed antibiotic in tailwater, norfloxacin, impact nitrogen compound transformation in tailwater containing C. fluminea. The clam was exposed to artificial tailwater with norfloxacin (0, 0.2, 20, and 2000 μg/L) for 15 days. Water properties, C. fluminea ecotoxicity responses, microorganism composition and nitrification- or denitrification-related enzyme activities were measured. Results revealed norfloxacin-induced increases and reductions in tailwater NH 4 + and NO 2 - concentrations, respectively, along with antioxidant system inhibition, organ histopathological damage and disruption of water filtering and digestion system. Microorganism composition, especially biodiversity indices, varied with medium (clam organs and exposure water) and norfloxacin concentrations. Norfloxacin reduced NO 2 - content by lowering the ratio between microbial nitrifying enzyme (decreased hydroxylamine oxidoreductase and nitrite oxidoreductase activity) and denitrifying enzyme (increased nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity) in tailwater. Elevated NH 4 + content resulted from upregulated ammonification and inhibited nitrification of microorganisms in tailwater, as well as increased ammonia emission from C. fluminea due to organ damage and metabolic disruption of the digestion system. Overall, this study offers insights into using benthic organisms to treat tailwater with antibiotic residues, especially regarding nitrogen treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. How water stability relates with timing, size, and community successions of harmful algal blooms: A case study in the Three Gorges Reservoir.

Author: Yao X, Song Z, Yang G, Yonas MW, Hamilton PB, Nwankwegu AS, Adeyeye O, Huang W, Luo X, Hassaan AM, Haffner GD, and Zhang L
Subjects: China, Rivers chemistry, Biomass, Eutrophication, Harmful Algal Bloom, Cyanobacteria, Lakes chemistry, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Effective management of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) requires understanding factors influencing their occurrence. This study explores these dynamics in the Pengxi River, a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, focusing on nutrient stratification and algal blooms. We hypothesized that nutrient levels in eutrophic waters with stable stratification correlate with HAB magnitude and that disruption of stratification triggers blooms due to nutrient shifts. A 38-day sampling campaign in Gaoyang Lake (April 16-May 23, 2022) revealed that consistent weather between April 26 and May 16 led to a surface density layer, restricting nutrient transfer and causing a bloom with 173.0 μg L -1 Chl-a on May 1. After a heavy rain on May 18, a peak bloom on May 20, dominated by Ceratium hirundinella, showed 533 μg L -1 Chl-a. There was a significant negative correlation between Cyanobacteria and C. hirundinella biomasses (r = -0.296, P < 0.01), highlighting nutrient availability and physical stability's roles in regulating HABs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in the manuscript of “How Water Stability Relates with Timing, Size, and Community Successions of Harmful Algal Blooms: A Case Study in the Three Gorges Reservoir”., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Spatio-temporal Trends of Mercury and Stable Isotopes in Lower Food Web of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria.

Author: Otieno D, Drouillard KG, Campbell L, McKay RM, Achiya J, Getabu A, Mwamburi J, Sitoki L, Omondi R, Shitandi A, Owuor B, Njiru J, Otiso KM, and Bullerjahn GS
Subjects: Animals, Kenya, Bivalvia, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Food Chain, Mercury analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Lakes chemistry
Abstract: Components of the lower food web (mussels, Caridina and Omena) were collected from stations from Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya in 2022 and 2023 to analyze for stable isotopes and total mercury (THg). Temporal comparisons were made with data generated for the same species in 1998. Values of δ 15 N in mussels and Caridina were similar (6.89‰ vs. 6.78 ± 0.13‰), while Omena occupied an elevated trophic position (9.97 ± 0.24‰) with minor shifts in δ 15 N over time. All species had elevated δ 13 C values in 2022-2023 versus 1998 supportive of enhanced eutrophication in the Gulf. THg concentrations exhibited modest spatial differences between sites (< 2.6 fold), but not between Caridina and Omena. Larger temporal differences were apparent relative to spatial patterns with THg concentrations decreasing in study species by 2.8 to 4.1-fold between years. An exposure assessment indicated that Omena, commonly found in local markets, can be consumed up to 0.74 kg/month without generating excess THg exposures., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Unravelling large-scale patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry rivers.

Author: Foulquier A, Datry T, Corti R, von Schiller D, Tockner K, Stubbington R, Gessner MO, Boyer F, Ohlmann M, Thuiller W, Rioux D, Miquel C, Albariño R, Allen DC, Altermatt F, Arce MI, Arnon S, Banas D, Banegas-Medina A, Beller E, Blanchette ML, Blessing J, Boëchat IG, Boersma K, Bogan M, Bonada N, Bond N, Brintrup K, Bruder A, Burrows R, Cancellario T, Canhoto C, Carlson S, Cid N, Cornut J, Danger M, de Freitas Terra B, De Girolamo AM, Del Campo R, Díaz Villanueva V, Dyer F, Elosegi A, Febria C, Figueroa Jara R, Four B, Gafny S, Gómez R, Gómez-Gener L, Guareschi S, Gücker B, Hwan J, Jones JI, Kubheka PS, Laini A, Langhans SD, Launay B, Le Goff G, Leigh C, Little C, Lorenz S, Marshall J, Martin Sanz EJ, McIntosh A, Mendoza-Lera C, Meyer EI, Miliša M, Mlambo MC, Morais M, Moya N, Negus P, Niyogi D, Pagán I, Papatheodoulou A, Pappagallo G, Pardo I, Pařil P, Pauls SU, Polášek M, Rodríguez-Lozano P, Rolls RJ, Sánchez-Montoya MM, Savić A, Shumilova O, Sridhar KR, Steward A, Taleb A, Uzan A, Valladares Y, Vander Vorste R, Waltham NJ, Zak DH, and Zoppini A
Subjects: Animals, Fungi classification, Fungi genetics, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Invertebrates classification, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Plants classification, Archaea classification, Archaea genetics, Biodiversity, Rivers microbiology
Abstract: More than half of the world's rivers dry up periodically, but our understanding of the biological communities in dry riverbeds remains limited. Specifically, the roles of dispersal, environmental filtering and biotic interactions in driving biodiversity in dry rivers are poorly understood. Here, we conduct a large-scale coordinated survey of patterns and drivers of biodiversity in dry riverbeds. We focus on eight major taxa, including microorganisms, invertebrates and plants: Algae, Archaea, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Arthropods, Nematodes and Streptophyta. We use environmental DNA metabarcoding to assess biodiversity in dry sediments collected over a 1-year period from 84 non-perennial rivers across 19 countries on four continents. Both direct factors, such as nutrient and carbon availability, and indirect factors such as climate influence the local biodiversity of most taxa. Limited resource availability and prolonged dry phases favor oligotrophic microbial taxa. Co-variation among taxa, particularly Bacteria, Fungi, Algae and Protozoa, explain more spatial variation in community composition than dispersal or environmental gradients. This finding suggests that biotic interactions or unmeasured ecological and evolutionary factors may strongly influence communities during dry phases, altering biodiversity responses to global changes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Environmental drivers of phytoplankton community dynamics in an agriculturally-influenced tributary in the lower Great Lakes.

Author: Varga E, Weidman RP, Song Z, and McKay RM
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Cyanobacteria growth & development, Diatoms physiology, Diatoms growth & development, Biodiversity, Phytoplankton, Lakes, Seasons
Abstract: Phytoplankton community composition in tributaries differs from that in their receiving waters, due to light limitation from suspended particles and other factors such as nutrient availability and temperature. This study was designed to manipulate light levels in early, mid, and late summer to determine the combined effects of light attenuation and naturally varying nutrient availability on phytoplankton community composition in an agriculturally-influenced tributary of the lower Great Lakes. In all trials, in situ microcosm experiments show that phytoplankton abundance increased under three light attenuation treatments (60 %, 75 %, and 85 % attenuation) relative to time-zero, but higher light attenuation reduced total phytoplankton abundance relative to controls. Highest phytoplankton diversity in terms of richness and evenness occurred in September (late summer), and across all three trials was lowest under the highest light attenuation treatments (85 %). Phytoplankton community composition followed a normal seasonal shift from diatoms dominating in June (early summer), followed by cyanobacteria dominating in mid to late summer. In general, lower light levels (especially 85 % attenuation) corresponded with an increased dominance of cyanobacteria. These findings support the hypothesis that phytoplankton abundance and diversity vary with light and nutrient availability and that light attenuation promotes the shift from buoyant cyanobacteria to other taxa more tolerant of low light levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: R. Michael McKay reports financial support was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Metatranscriptomic analysis reveals dissimilarity in viral community activity between an ice-free and ice-covered winter in Lake Erie.

Author: Denison ER, Zepernick BN, McKay RML, and Wilhelm SW
Subjects: Virome genetics, Microbiota genetics, Transcriptome, Phylogeny, Viruses genetics, Viruses isolation & purification, Viruses classification, Lakes virology, Lakes microbiology, Seasons, Ice Cover microbiology, Ice Cover virology
Abstract: Winter is a relatively under-studied season in freshwater ecology. The paucity of wintertime surveys has led to a lack of knowledge regarding microbial community activity during the winter in Lake Erie, a North American Great Lake. Viruses shape microbial communities and regulate biogeochemical cycles by acting as top-down controls, yet very few efforts have been made to examine active virus populations during the winter in Lake Erie. Furthermore, climate change-driven declines in seasonal ice cover have been shown to influence microbial community structure, but no studies have compared viral community activity between different ice cover conditions. We surveyed surface water metatranscriptomes for viral hallmark genes as a proxy for active virus populations and compared activity metrics between ice-covered and ice-free conditions from two sampled winters. Transcriptionally active viral communities were detected in both winters, spanning diverse phylogenetic clades of putative bacteriophage ( Caudoviricetes ), giant viruses ( Nucleocytoviricota , or NCLDV), and RNA viruses ( Orthornavirae ). However, viral community activity metrics revealed pronounced differences between the ice-covered and ice-free winters. Viral community composition was distinct between winters and viral hallmark gene richness was reduced in the ice-covered relative to the ice-free conditions. In addition, the observed differences in viral communities correlated with microbial community activity metrics. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the viral populations that are active during the winter in Lake Erie and suggest that viral community activity may be associated with ice cover extent.IMPORTANCEAs seasonal ice cover is projected to become increasingly rare on large temperate lakes, there is a need to understand how microbial communities might respond to changing ice conditions. Although it is widely recognized that viruses impact microbial community structure and function, there is little known regarding wintertime viral activity or the relationship between viral activity and ice cover extent. Our metatranscriptomic analyses indicated that viruses were transcriptionally active in the winter surface waters of Lake Erie. These findings also expanded the known diversity of viral lineages in the Great Lakes. Notably, viral community activity metrics were significantly different between the two sampled winters. The pronounced differences we observed in active viral communities between the ice-covered and ice-free samples merit further research regarding how viral communities will function in future, potentially ice-free, freshwater systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Genetic architecture and correlations between the gut microbiome and gut gene transcription in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Author: Sadeghi J, Zaib F, and Heath DD
Subjects: Animals, Transcription, Genetic, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Male, Female, Breeding, Salmon genetics, Salmon microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics
Abstract: Population divergence through selection can drive local adaptation in natural populations which has implications for the effective restoration of declining and extirpated populations. However, adaptation to local environmental conditions is complicated when both the host and its associated microbiomes must respond via co-evolutionary change. Nevertheless, for adaptation to occur through selection, variation in both host and microbiome traits should include additive genetic effects. Here we focus on host immune function and quantify factors affecting variation in gut immune gene transcription and gut bacterial community composition in early life-stage Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Specifically, we utilized a replicated factorial breeding design to determine the genetic architecture (sire, dam and sire-by-dam interaction) of gut immune gene transcription and microbiome composition. Furthermore, we explored correlations between host gut gene transcription and microbiota composition. Gene transcription was quantified using nanofluidic qPCR arrays (22 target genes) and microbiota composition using 16 S rRNA gene (V5-V6) amplicon sequencing. We discovered limited but significant genetic architecture in gut microbiota composition and transcriptional profiles. We also identified significant correlations between gut gene transcription and microbiota composition, highlighting potential mechanisms for functional interactions between the two. Overall, this study provides support for the co-evolution of host immune function and their gut microbiota in Chinook salmon, a species recognized as locally adapted. Thus, the inclusion of immune gene transcription profile and gut microbiome composition as factors in the development of conservation and commercial rearing practices may provide new and more effective approaches to captive rearing., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Can a shift in dominant species of Microcystis alter growth and reproduction of waterfleas?

Author: Wang T, Xu D, Chang X, MacIsaac HJ, Li J, Xu J, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhou Y, and Xu R
Subjects: Animals, Microcystins metabolism, Zooplankton physiology, Harmful Algal Bloom, Lakes microbiology, Microcystis physiology, Microcystis growth & development, Daphnia physiology, Daphnia growth & development, Reproduction
Abstract: The bloom-forming species Microcystis wesenbergii and M. aeruginosa occur in many lakes globally, and may exhibit alternating blooms both spatially and temporally. As environmental changes increase, cyanobacteria bloom in more and more lakes and are often dominated by M. wesenbergii. The adverse impact of M. aeruginosa on co-existing organisms including zooplanktonic species has been well-studied, whereas studies of M. wesenbergii are limited. To compare effects of these two species on zooplankton, we explored effects of exudates from different strains of microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa (Ma905 and Ma526) and non-microcystin-producing M. wesenbergii (Mw908 and Mw929), on reproduction by the model zooplankter Daphnia magna in both chronic and acute exposure experiments. Specifically, we tested physiological, biochemical, molecular and transcriptomic characteristics of D. magna exposed to Microcystis exudates. We observed that body length and egg and offspring number of the daphnid increased in all treatments. Among the four strains tested, Ma526 enhanced the size of the first brood, as well as total egg and offspring number. Microcystis exudates stimulated expression of specific genes that induced ecdysone, juvenile hormone, triacylglycerol and vitellogenin biosynthesis, which, in turn, enhanced egg and offspring production of D. magna. Even though all strains of Microcystis affected growth and reproduction, large numbers of downregulated genes involving many essential pathways indicated that the Ma905 strain might contemporaneously induce damage in D. magna. Our study highlights the necessity of including M. wesenbergii into the ecological risk evaluation of cyanobacteria blooms, and emphasizes that consequences to zooplankton may not be clear-cut when assessments are based upon production of microcystins alone., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Runbing Xu reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Xuexiu Chang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. Runbing Xu reports financial support was provided by Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project. Xuexiu Chang reports financial support was provided by Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project. Xuexiu Chang reports financial support was provided by Yunnan Provincial Department of Education. Xuexiu Chang reports financial support was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Hugh J. MacIsaac reports financial support was provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Hugh J. MacIsaac reports financial support was provided by Canada Research Chair. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Behavioral transcriptomic effects of triploidy and probiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus mixture) on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha).

Author: Frank CE, Sadeghi J, Heath DD, and Semeniuk CAD
Subjects: Animals, Lactobacillus genetics, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Probiotics pharmacology, Probiotics administration & dosage, Triploidy, Salmon genetics, Salmon microbiology, Lactococcus genetics, Transcriptome, Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Abstract: Aquaculturists use polyploid fish to maximize production albeit with some unintended consequences including compromised behaviors and physiological function. Given benefits of probiotic therapies (e.g., improved immune response, growth, and metabolism), we explored probiotic supplementation (mixture of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus), to overcome drawbacks. We first examined fish gut bacterial community composition using 16S metabarcoding (via principal coordinate analyses and PERMANOVA) and determined probiotics significantly impacted gut bacteria composition (p = 0.001). Secondly, we examined how a genomic disruptor (triploidy) and diet supplements (probiotics) impact gene transcription and behavioral profiles of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Juveniles from four treatment groups (diploid-regular feed, diploid-probiotic feed, triploid-regular feed, and triploid-probiotic feed; n = 360) underwent behavioral assays to test activity, exploration, neophobia, predator evasion, aggression/sociality, behavioral sensitivity, and flexibility. In these fish, transcriptional profiles for genes associated with neural functions (neurogenesis/synaptic plasticity) and biomarkers for stress response and development (growth/appetite) were (i) examined across treatments and (ii) used to describe behavioral phenotypes via principal component analyses and general linear mixed models. Triploids exhibited a more active behavioral profile (p = 0.002), and those on a regular diet had greater Neuropeptide Y transcription (p = 0.02). A growth gene (early growth response protein 1, p = 0.02) and long-term neural development genes (neurogenic differentiation factor, p = 0.003 and synaptysomal-associated protein 25-a, p = 0.005) impacted activity and reactionary profiles, respectively. Overall, our probiotic treatment did not compensate for triploidy. Our research highlights novel applications of behavioral transcriptomics for identifying candidate genes and dynamic, mechanistic associations with complex behavioral repertoires., (© 2024 The Authors. Genes, Brain and Behavior published by International Behavioural and Neural Genetics Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. A tale of two blooms: do ecological paradigms for algal bloom success and succession require revisiting?

Author: Zepernick BN, McKay RML, Martin RM, Bullerjahn GS, Paerl HW, and Wilhelm SW
Abstract: Lake Erie algal bloom discussions have historically focused on cyanobacteria, with foundational "blooms like it hot" and "high nutrient" paradigms considered as primary drivers behind cyanobacterial bloom success. Yet, recent surveys have rediscovered winter-spring diatom blooms, introducing another key player in the Lake Erie eutrophication and algal bloom story which has been historically overlooked. These blooms (summer vs. winter) have been treated as solitary events separated by spatial and temporal gradients. However, new evidence suggests they may not be so isolated, linked in a manner that manifests as an algal bloom cycle. Equally notable are the emerging reports of cyanobacterial blooms in cold and/or oligotrophic freshwaters, which have been interpreted by some as shifts in classical bloom paradigms. These emerging bloom reports have led many to ask "what is a bloom?". Furthermore, questioning classic paradigms has caused others to wonder if we are overlooking additional factors which constrain bloom success. In light of emerging data and ideas, we revisited foundational concepts within the context of Lake Erie algal blooms and derived five key take-aways: 1) Additional bloom-formers (diatoms) need to be included in Lake Erie algal discussions, 2) The term "bloom" must be reinforced with a clear definition and quantitative metrics for each event, 3) Algal blooms should not be studied solitarily, 4) Shifts in physiochemical conditions serve as an alternative interpretation to potential shifts in ecological paradigms, 5) Additional factors which constrain bloom success and succession ( i.e. , pH and light) require consideration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Bacterial community and cyanotoxin gene distribution of the Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Author: Brown KM, Barker KB, Wagner RS, Ward CS, Sitoki L, Njiru J, Omondi R, Achiya J, Getabu A, McKay RM, and Bullerjahn GS
Subjects: Kenya, Microcystins genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Microbiota, Phytoplankton genetics, Cyanobacteria Toxins, Alkaloids analysis, Alkaloids metabolism, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Phylogeny, Lakes microbiology, Lakes chemistry, Cyanobacteria genetics, Cyanobacteria classification, Cyanobacteria isolation & purification, Cyanobacteria metabolism, Bacterial Toxins genetics, Harmful Algal Bloom
Abstract: The Winam Gulf (Kenya) is frequently impaired by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) due to inadequate wastewater treatment and excess agricultural nutrient input. While phytoplankton in Lake Victoria have been characterized using morphological criteria, our aim is to identify potential toxin-producing cyanobacteria using molecular approaches. The Gulf was sampled over two successive summer seasons, and 16S and 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed. Additionally, key genes involved in production of cyanotoxins were examined by quantitative PCR. Bacterial communities were spatially variable, forming distinct clusters in line with regions of the Gulf. Taxa associated with diazotrophy were dominant near Homa Bay. On the eastern side, samples exhibited elevated cyrA abundances, indicating genetic capability of cylindrospermopsin synthesis. Indeed, near the Nyando River mouth in 2022, cyrA exceeded 10 million copies L -1 where there were more than 6000 Cylindrospermopsis spp. cells mL -1 . In contrast, the southwestern region had elevated mcyE gene (microcystin synthesis) detections near Homa Bay where Microcystis and Dolichospermum spp. were observed. These findings show that within a relatively small embayment, composition and toxin synthesis potential of cHABs can vary dramatically. This underscores the need for multifaceted management approaches and frequent cyanotoxin monitoring to reduce human health impacts., (© 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Microbiology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Ecosystem-size relationships of river populations and communities.

Author: McIntosh AR, Greig HS, Warburton HJ, Tonkin JD, and Febria CM
Subjects: Animals, Food Chain, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Rivers, Ecosystem
Abstract: Knowledge of ecosystem-size influences on river populations and communities is integral to the balancing of human and environmental needs for water. The multiple dimensions of dendritic river networks complicate understanding of ecosystem-size influences, but could be resolved by the development of scaling relationships. We highlight the importance of physical constraints limiting predator body sizes, movements, and population sizes in small rivers, and where river contraction limits space or creates stressful conditions affecting community stability and food webs. Investigations of the scaling and contingency of these processes will be insightful because of the underlying generality and scale independence of such relationships. Doing so will also pinpoint damaging water-management practices and identify which aspects of river size can be most usefully manipulated in river restoration., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests No interests are declared., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Assessment of estrogenic potential from exudates of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis by metabolomics, machine learning and E-screen assay.

Author: Zi J, Barker J, Zi Y, MacIsaac HJ, Zhou Y, Harshaw K, and Chang X
Subjects: Microcystis metabolism, Microcystis growth & development, Machine Learning, Metabolomics, Microcystins metabolism, Microcystins analysis, Microcystins chemistry, Estrogens metabolism, Estrogens chemistry
Abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms, often dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, are capable of producing estrogenic effects. It is important to identify specific estrogenic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, though this can prove challenging owing to the complexity of exudate mixtures. In this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to compare components of exudates from microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa strains that differed with respect to their ability to produce microcystins, and across two growth phases. We identified 416 chemicals and found that the two strains produced similar components, mainly organoheterocyclic compounds (20.2%), organic acids and derivatives (17.3%), phenylpropanoids and polyketides (12.7%), benzenoids (12.0%), lipids and lipid-like molecules (11.5%), and organic oxygen compounds (10.1%). We then predicted estrogenic compounds from this group using random forest machine learning. Six compounds (daidzin, biochanin A, phenylethylamine, rhein, o-Cresol, and arbutin) belonging to phenylpropanoids and polyketides (3), benzenoids (2), and organic oxygen compound (1) were tested and exhibited estrogenic potency based upon the E-screen assay. This study confirmed that both Microcystis strains produce exudates that contain compounds with estrogenic properties, a growing concern in cyanobacteria management., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Adverse effects of Microcystis aeruginosa exudates on the filtration, digestion, and reproduction organs of benthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea.

Author: Hong Z, Chen X, Hu J, Chang X, and Qian Y
Subjects: Animals, Filtration, Biomarkers metabolism, Microcystis metabolism, Corbicula metabolism, Corbicula microbiology, Reproduction
Abstract: Cyanobacteria bloom and the secondary metabolites released by the microorganism are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, yet study on their adverse effects in zoobenthos is rare. Corbicula fluminea widely distributed in freshwater environment with algal blooms. It is a typical filter feeding zoobenthos that may be affected by the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria due to its high filtering rate. In this study, C. fluminea was exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa exudates (MaE) for 96 h, which was obtained from 5 × 10 5 cells/mL and 2.5 × 10 6 cells/mL exponential stage M. aeruginosa culture solution that represented cyanobacteria cell density needs environmental risk precaution control and emergent control, respectively. The responses of C. fluminea critical organs to MaE were analyzed and evaluated based on histopathological sections, antitoxicity biomarkers, and organ function biomarkers. The results showed that all the organs underwent structural disorders, cell vacuolization, apoptosis, and necrosis, and the damage levels increased as MaE concentration increased. The detoxification and antioxidant defense systems biomarkers in each organ response to MaE exposure differently and the level of reaction improved when MaE concentration increased. The siphon rate and acetylcholinesterase activity showed that the filtration function decreased significantly as the MaE concentration increased. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and amylase in the digestive gland indicate that it is the major detoxification organ of C. fluminea. Increased vitellogenin concentration and enlarged oocytes in the gonad indicate that MaE may have an estrogenic effect on C. fluminea. This study demonstrates that cyanobacteria threat benthic bivalves by inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting filtering feeding system, and disturbing digestion system and reproduction potential of C. fluminea., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Parental thermal environment controls the offspring phenotype in Brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis): insights from a transcriptomic study.

Author: Banousse G, Normandeau E, Semeniuk C, Bernatchez L, and Audet C
Subjects: Animals, Temperature, Gene Expression Profiling, Female, Male, Brain metabolism, Epigenesis, Genetic, Trout genetics, Phenotype, Transcriptome, DNA Methylation
Abstract: Brook charr is a cold-water species which is highly sensitive to increased water temperatures, such as those associated with climate change. Environmental variation can potentially induce phenotypic changes that are inherited across generations, for instance, via epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we tested whether parental thermal regimes (intergenerational plasticity) and offspring-rearing temperatures (within-generational plasticity) modify the brain transcriptome of Brook charr progeny (fry stage). Parents were exposed to either cold or warm temperatures during final gonad maturation and their progeny were reared at 5 or 8 °C during the first stages of development. Illumina Novaseq6000 was used to sequence the brain transcriptome at the yolk sac resorption stage. The number of differentially expressed genes was very low when comparing fry reared at different temperatures (79 differentially expressed genes). In contrast, 9,050 differentially expressed genes were significantly differentially expressed between fry issued from parents exposed to either cold or warm temperatures. There was a significant downregulation of processes related to neural and synaptic activity in fry originating from the warm parental group vs fry from the cold parental one. We also observed significant upregulation of DNA methylation genes and of the most salient processes associated with compensation to warming, such as metabolism, cellular response to stress, and adaptive immunity., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. An overlooked source of false positives in eDNA-based biodiversity assessment and management.

Author: Xiong W, MacIsaac HJ, and Zhan A
Subjects: Wastewater, Environmental Monitoring methods, Animals, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, DNA, Environmental analysis
Abstract: Biodiversity conservation and management in urban aquatic ecosystems is crucial to human welfare, and environmental DNA (eDNA)-based methods have become popular in biodiversity assessment. Here we report a highly overlooked source of significant false positives for eDNA-based biodiversity assessment in urban aquatic ecosystems supplied with treated wastewater - eDNA pollution originating from treated wastewater represents a noteworthy source of false positives. To investigate whether eDNA pollution is specific to a certain treatment or prevalent across methods employed by wastewater treatment plants, we conducted tests on effluent treated using three different secondary processes, both before and after upgrades to tertiary treatment. We metabarcoded eDNA collected from effluent immediately after full treatment and detected diverse native and non-native, commercial and ornamental fishes (48 taxa) across all treatment processes before and after upgrades. Thus, eDNA pollution occurred irrespective of the treatment processes applied. Release of eDNA pollution into natural aquatic ecosystems could translate into false positives for eDNA-based analysis. We discuss and propose technical solutions to minimize these false positives in environmental nucleic acid-based biodiversity assessments and conservation programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Evaluation of pollution levels in sediments from Lake Edku, Egypt using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Author: Shaheen ME, Gagnon JE, Barrette JC, and Keshta AE
Subjects: Egypt, Lakes chemistry, Geologic Sediments chemistry, Environmental Monitoring methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Metals, Heavy analysis, Mass Spectrometry
Abstract: The concentrations of 11 heavy metals in sediments from Lake Edku, Egypt were determined using LA-ICP-MS. The average concentrations of elements occurred in the order of Fe > V > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Co > Pb > As > Sn > Mo with respective values of 4.67 %, 104.8, 77.9, 76.6, 59.2, 52, 27.8, 19.8, 4.14, 2.24, and 1.45 μg/g. Several pollution indices were used to evaluate individual and cumulative contamination levels. All HMs were found to be in the deficiency to minimal enrichment range based on the enrichment factor. The contamination factor indicated low contamination levels of Cr and As, low to moderate contamination levels of Fe, Ni, Zn, Mo, Sn, and Pb, and moderate contamination levels of Co and Cu. The pollution load index and contamination degree indicated the sediments to be polluted and moderately polluted, respectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Metabolomic analysis to understand the mechanism of Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) toxicity in Daphnia magna.

Author: Xiang Q, Wang Z, Yan J, Niu M, Long W, Ju Z, and Chang X
Subjects: Animals, Daphnia, Titanium pharmacology, Tryptophan metabolism, Tryptophan pharmacology, Daphnia magna, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Nitrites, Transition Elements
Abstract: Due to their potential release into the environment, the ecotoxicity of Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) nanomaterials is a growing concern. Unfortunately, little is known about the toxic effects and mechanisms through which Ti 3 C 2 T x induces toxicity in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of Daphnia magna upon exposure to Ti 3 C 2 T x with different sheet sizes (100 nm [Ti 3 C 2 T x -100] and 500 nm [Ti 3 C 2 T x -500]) by employing conventional toxicology and metabolomics analysis. The results showed that exposure to both Ti 3 C 2 T x -100 and Ti 3 C 2 T x -500 at 10 μg/mL resulted in a significant accumulation of Ti 3 C 2 T x in D. magna, but no effects on the mortality or growth of D. magna were observed. However, the metabolomics results revealed that Ti 3 C 2 T x -100 and Ti 3 C 2 T x -500 induced significant changes in up to 265 and 191 differential metabolites in D. magna, respectively, of which 116 metabolites were common for both. Ti 3 C 2 T x -100-induced metabolites were mainly enriched in phospholipid, pyrimidine, tryptophan, and arginine metabolism, whereas Ti 3 C 2 T x -500-induced metabolites were mainly enriched in the glycerol-ester, tryptophan, and glyoxylate metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway. These results indicated that the toxicity of Ti 3 C 2 T x to D. magna has a size-dependent effect at the metabolic level, and both sheet sizes of Ti 3 C 2 T x can lead to metabolic disturbances in D. magna by interfering with lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. A non-microcystin-producing Microcystis wesenbergii strain alters fish food intake by disturbing neuro-endocrine appetite regulation.

Author: Long W, Harshaw K, Wang Y, Xiang Q, Zi Y, Volkoff H, MacIsaac HJ, Xu R, Niu M, Xi Q, and Chang X
Subjects: Animals, Harmful Algal Bloom, Appetite Regulation physiology, Cyprinidae physiology, Eating, Microcystins metabolism, Lakes, China, Feeding Behavior, Microcystis physiology
Abstract: Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) are pervasive sources of stress resulting in neurotoxicity in fish. A member of the widely distributed Microcystis genus of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis wesenbergii can be found in many freshwater lakes, including Dianchi Lake (China), where it has become one of the dominant contributors to the lake's recurrent blooms. However, unlike its more well-known counterpart M. aeruginosa, the effects of dense non-microcystin-containing M. wesenbergii blooms are seldom studied. The disturbance of appetite regulation and feeding behaviour can have downstream effects on the growth of teleost fish, posing a significant challenge to aquaculture and conservation efforts. Here we examined the effects of M. wesenbergii blooms on the food intake of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, a native cyprinid in southern China. This fish species has disappeared in Dianchi Lake, and its reintroduction might be negatively affected by the presence of this newly-dominant Microcystis species. We co-cultured juvenile A. yunnanensis with a non-microcystin-producing strain of M. wesenbergii at initial densities between 5 × 10 4 and 1 × 10 6 cells/mL and monitored fish feeding behaviour and changes in neurotransmitter and hormone protein levels. High-density M. wesenbergii cultures increased the feeding rate of co-cultured fish, elevating concentrations of appetite-stimulating signalling molecules (Agouti-related protein and γ-aminobutyric acid), while decreasing inhibitory ones (POMC). These changes coincided with histopathological alterations and reduced somatic indices in brain and intestinal tissues. Given this potential for detrimental effects and dysregulation of food intake, further studies are necessary to determine the impacts of chronic exposure of M. wesenbergii in wild fish., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Effects of pre-winter cortisol exposure on condition, diet, and morphology of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta).

Author: Colborne S, Peiman KS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Larsen MH, Aarestrup K, and Cooke SJ
Subjects: Animals, Seasons, Diet veterinary, Isotopes, Hydrocortisone pharmacology, Trout physiology
Abstract: Winter is an energetically challenging period for many animals in temperate regions because of the relatively harsh environmental conditions and reduction in food availability during this season. Moreover, stressors experienced by individuals in the fall can affect their subsequent foraging strategy and energy stores after exposure has ended, referred to as carryover effects. We used exogenous cortisol manipulation of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the fall to simulate a physiological stress response and then investigated short-term (2 weeks) and long-term (4 months) effects on condition metrics (hepatosomatic index and water muscle content), diet (stomach contents and stable isotopes), and morphology during growth in freshwater. We revealed some short-term impacts, likely due to handling stress, and long-term (seasonal) changes in diet, likely reflecting prey availability. Unfortunately, we had very few recaptures of cortisol-treated fish at long-term sampling, limiting detailed analysis about cortisol effects at that time point. Nonetheless, the fish that were sampled showed elevated stable isotopes, suggestive of a cortisol effect long after exposure. This is one of few studies to investigate whether cortisol influences foraging and morphology during juvenile growth, thus extending the knowledge of proximate mechanisms influencing ecologically-relevant phenotypes., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Ecological research 'in a good way' means ethical and equitable relationships with Indigenous Peoples and Lands.

Author: Reid AJ, McGregor DA, Menzies AK, Eckert LE, Febria CM, and Popp JN
Subjects: Humans, Indigenous Peoples, Ecology ethics
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Non-microcystin extracellular metabolites of Microcystis aeruginosa impair viability and reproductive gene expression in rainbow trout cell lines.

Author: Harshaw K, Fahim A, Zi J, Chandrasekera PC, Chang X, Dixon B, and MacIsaac HJ
Subjects: Animals, Microcystins metabolism, Cell Line, Reproduction, Gene Expression, Microcystis, Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolism, Cyanobacteria metabolism
Abstract: Microcystis aeruginosa is a ubiquitous freshwater cyanobacterium best known for producing hepatotoxic microcystins; however, this common bloom-forming species also produces myriad biologically active and potentially deleterious other metabolites. Our understanding of the effects of these non-microcystin metabolites on fish is limited. In this study, we evaluated cytotoxicity of extracellular metabolites harvested from both microcystin-producing (MC+) and non-producing (MC-) strains of M. aeruginosa on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines derived from tissues of the brain, pituitary, heart, gonads, gills, skin, liver, and milt. We also examined the influence of M. aeruginosa exudates (MaE) on the expression of critical reproduction-related genes using the same cell lines. We found that exudates of the MC- M. aeruginosa strain significantly reduced viability in RTBrain, RTgill-W1, and RT-milt5 cell lines and induced significant cellular stress and/or injury in six of the eight cell lines-highlighting potential target tissues of cyanobacterial cytotoxic effects. Observed sublethal consequences of Microcystis bloom exposure occurred with both MC+ and MC- strains' exudates and significantly altered expression of developmental and sex steroidogenic genes. Collectively, our results emphasize the contributions of non-MC metabolites to toxicity of Microcystis-dominated algal blooms and the need to integrate the full diversity of M. aeruginosa compounds-beyond microcystins-into ecotoxicological risk assessments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Evaluating and optimizing Acid-pH and Direct Lysis RNA extraction for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in whole saliva.

Author: LaBute B, Fong J, Ziaee F, Gombar R, Stover M, Beaudin T, Badalova M, Geng Q, Corchis-Scott R, Podadera A, Lago K, Xu Z, Lim F, Chiu F, Fu M, Nie X, Wu Y, Quan C, Hamm C, McKay RM, Ng K, Porter LA, and Tong Y
Subjects: Humans, RNA, Viral genetics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Saliva, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Specimen Handling, Nasopharynx, COVID-19 diagnosis
Abstract: COVID-19 has been a global public health and economic challenge. Screening for the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been a key part of disease mitigation while the world continues to move forward, and lessons learned will benefit disease detection beyond COVID-19. Saliva specimen collection offers a less invasive, time- and cost-effective alternative to standard nasopharyngeal swabs. We optimized two different methods of saliva sample processing for RT-qPCR testing. Two methods were optimized to provide two cost-efficient ways to do testing for a minimum of four samples by pooling in a 2.0 mL tube and decrease the need for more highly trained personnel. Acid-pH-based RNA extraction method can be done without the need for expensive kits. Direct Lysis is a quick one-step reaction that can be applied quickly. Our optimized Acid-pH and Direct Lysis protocols are reliable and reproducible, detecting the beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) mRNA in saliva as an internal control from 97 to 96.7% of samples, respectively. The cycle threshold (Ct) values for B2M were significantly higher in the Direct Lysis protocol than in the Acid-pH protocol. The limit of detection for N1 gene was higher in Direct Lysis at ≤ 5 copies/μL than Acid-pH. Saliva samples collected over the course of several days from two COVID-positive individuals demonstrated Ct values for N1 that were consistently higher from Direct Lysis compared to Acid-pH. Collectively, this work supports that each of these techniques can be used to screen for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva for a cost-effective screening platform., (© 2024. Crown.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Increasing mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification rates of Nile perch (Lates niloticus L.) in Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Author: Drouillard KG, Campbell L, Otieno D, Achiya J, Getabu A, Mwamburi J, Sitoki L, Omondi R, Shitandi A, Owuor B, Njiru J, Bullerjahn G, Mckay RM, Otiso KM, and Tebbs E
Subjects: Animals, Child, Female, Humans, Lakes chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Kenya, Environmental Monitoring, Fishes, Food Chain, Mercury analysis, Perches, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Perciformes
Abstract: The Nile perch (Lates niloticus L.) commercial fishery for Lake Victoria in East Africa is an important source of revenue and employment. We focused on shifts in food web structure and total mercury (THg) bioaccumulation and biomagnification in Nile perch, and lower food web items collected from Winam Gulf (Kenya) sampled 24 years apart (1998 and 2022). Stable isotope carbon (δ 13 C) values were higher in all species from 2022 compared to 1998. Stable nitrogen isotope (δ 15 N) values in baseline organisms were lower in 2022 compared to 1998. In Nile perch, δ 15 N values were correlated with total length, but the δ 15 N-length regressions were steeper in 1998 compared to 2022 except for one large (158 cm) Nile perch from 1998 with an uncharacteristically low δ 15 N value. Total Hg concentrations were lower in lower trophic species from 2022 compared to 1998. However, the THg bioaccumulation rate (as a function of fish length) in Nile perch was greater in 2022 compared to 1998 resulting in 24.2 % to 42.4 % higher wet weight dorsal THg concentrations in 2022 Nile perch for market slot size (50 to 85 cm) fish. The contrasting observations of increased THg bioaccumulation with size in 2022 against decreases in the rate of trophic increase with size and lower THg concentrations of lower food web items imply reduced fish growth and potential bioenergetic stressors on Winam Gulf Nile perch. All samples except 1 large Nile perch (139 cm total length collected in 2022) had THg concentrations below the European Union trade limit (500 ng/g wet weight). However, for more vulnerable individuals (women, children and frequent fish eaters), we recommend a decrease in maximum monthly meal consumption for 55-75 cm Nile perch from 16 meals per month calculated for 1998 to a limit of 8 meals per month calculated for 2022., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Legacy contaminant trends in the Great Lakes uncovered by the wildlife environmental quality index.

Author: Hammond MP, de Solla SR, Hughes KD, Bohannon MEB, Drouillard KG, Barrett GC, and Bowerman WW
Subjects: Animals, Animals, Wild, Lakes, Ecosystem, Great Lakes Region, Ontario, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Charadriiformes
Abstract: Since the 1970s, wildlife managers have prioritized the recovery of Great Lakes ecosystems from contamination by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Monitoring and quantifying the region's recovery is challenged by the diversity of legacy contaminants in the environment and the lack of benchmarks for their potential biological effects. We address this gap by introducing the Wildlife Environmental Quality Index (WEQI) based on prior water and sediment quality indices. The tool summarizes, in a single score, the exposure of wildlife to harmful levels of multiple contaminants - with harmful levels set by published guidelines for protecting piscivorous wildlife from biological impacts. We applied the new index to a combined Canadian and American dataset of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) egg data to elucidate trends in wildlife for eight legacy industrial pollutants and insecticides in the Great Lakes. Environmental quality of the Great Lakes region (as indexed by WEQI) improved by 18% between 2002 and 2017. Improvement came from reductions in both the scope of contamination (the number of guideline-exceeding contaminants) and its amplitude (the average size of guideline exceedances) at bird colonies. But recovery was unequal among lakes, with Lake Erie showing no improvement at one extreme. Weakly- or non-recovering lakes (Erie, Ontario, Huron) were marked by inconsistent improvement in scope and amplitude, likely due to ongoing loading, sediment resuspension and other stressors reported elsewhere. Fast-recovering lakes (Superior and Michigan), meanwhile, improved in both scope and amplitude. Contrasting trends and contaminant profiles (e.g., exceedances of PCBs versus DDTs) highlight the importance of lake-specific management for equalizing recoveries. Lower environmental quality at American than Canadian colonies, particularly in Lake Huron, further suggest uneven success in - and opportunities for - the binational management of wildlife exposure to legacy contaminants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Realized thermal niche approach eliminates temperature bias in bioenergetic model estimates.

Author: Ivanova SV, Fisk AT, and Johnson TB
Abstract: Bioenergetics models estimate ectotherm growth, production, and prey consumption - all key for effective ecosystem management during changing global temperatures. Based on species-specific allometric and thermodynamic relationships, these models typically use the species' lab-derived optimum temperatures (physiological optimum) as opposed to empirical field data (realized thermal niche) that reflect actual thermal experience. Yet, dynamic behavioral thermoregulation mediated by biotic and abiotic interactions may provide substantial divergence between physiological optimum and realized thermal niche temperatures to significantly bias model outcomes. Here, using the Wisconsin bioenergetics model and in-situ year-round temperature data, we tested the two approaches and compared the maximum attainable lifetime weight and lifetime prey consumption estimates for two salmonid species with differing life histories. We demonstrate that using the realized thermal niche is the better approach because it eliminates significant biases in estimates produced by the physiological optimum. Specifically, using the physiological optimum, slower-growing Salvelinus namaycush maximum attainable lifetime weight was underestimated, and consumption overestimated, while fast-growing Oncorhynchus tshawytscha maximum attainable weight was overestimated. While the physiological optimum approach is useful for theoretical studies, our results demonstrate the critical importance that models used by management utilize up-to-date system- and species-specific field data representing actual in-situ behaviors (i.e., realized thermal niche)., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interests., (© 2024 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Impaired intestinal immunity and microbial diversity in common carp exposed to cadmium.

Author: Kabir MA, Rabbane MG, Hernandez MR, Shaikh MAA, Moniruzzaman M, and Chang X
Subjects: Animals, Cadmium toxicity, Cadmium metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide, Bacteria metabolism, Intestines microbiology, Phosphates, Carps metabolism
Abstract: Waterborne cadmium (Cd) accumulates in the fish intestine and causes irreversible toxicity by disrupting intestinal immunity and microbial diversity. To explore the toxicity of environmentally available high Cd concentration on intestinal immunity and microbial diversity of fish, we selected the widely used bioindicator model species, Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Literature review and Cd pollution data supported sequential doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 mg/L Cd for 30 days. Based on intestinal tissue Cd accumulation, previous studies, and environmentally available Cd data, 0.4 and 1.6 mg/L Cd were selected for further studies. Intestinal Cd bioaccumulation increased significantly to ~100 times in fish exposed to 1.6 mg/L Cd. We observed villous atrophy, increased goblet cells with mucus production, muscularis erosion, and thickened lamina propria due to intense inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestine at this Cd concentration. Cd-induced immunosuppression occurred with increased lysozyme, alkaline phosphate (AKP), and acid phosphate (ACP). High levels of catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) suggested induced oxidative stress and poor metabolism by α-amylase and lipase suppression for Cd toxicity. Proteobacteria (41.2 %), Firmicutes (21.8 %), and Bacteroidetes (17.5 %) were the dominant bacterial phyla in the common carp intestine. Additionally, potential pathogenic Cyanobacteria increased in Cd-treated fish. The decrease of beneficiary bacteria like Aeromonas, and Cetobacterium indicated Cd toxicity. Overall, these findings indicate harmful consequences of high Cd concentration in the intestinal homeostasis and health status of fish., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Corrigendum: Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of high-microcystin-producing and low-microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa strains.

Author: Zhou Y, Xu J, MacIsaac HJ, McKay RM, Xu R, Pei Y, Zi Y, Li J, Qian Y, and Chang X
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Declines in ice cover are accompanied by light limitation responses and community change in freshwater diatoms.

Author: Zepernick BN, Chase EE, Denison ER, Gilbert NE, Truchon AR, Frenken T, Cody WR, Martin RM, Chaffin JD, Bullerjahn GS, McKay RML, and Wilhelm SW
Subjects: Ecosystem, Ice Cover, Lakes, Water, Diatoms genetics
Abstract: The rediscovery of diatom blooms embedded within and beneath the Lake Erie ice cover (2007-2012) ignited interest in psychrophilic adaptations and winter limnology. Subsequent studies determined the vital role ice plays in winter diatom ecophysiology as diatoms partition to the underside of ice, thereby fixing their location within the photic zone. Yet, climate change has led to widespread ice decline across the Great Lakes, with Lake Erie presenting a nearly "ice-free" state in several recent winters. It has been hypothesized that the resultant turbid, isothermal water column induces light limitation amongst winter diatoms and thus serves as a competitive disadvantage. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a physiochemical and metatranscriptomic survey that spanned spatial, temporal, and climatic gradients of the winter Lake Erie water column (2019-2020). Our results suggest that ice-free conditions decreased planktonic diatom bloom magnitude and altered diatom community composition. Diatoms increased their expression of various photosynthetic genes and iron transporters, which suggests that the diatoms are attempting to increase their quantity of photosystems and light-harvesting components (a well-defined indicator of light limitation). We identified two gene families which serve to increase diatom fitness in the turbid ice-free water column: proton-pumping rhodopsins (a potential second means of light-driven energy acquisition) and fasciclins (a means to "raft" together to increase buoyancy and co-locate to the surface to optimize light acquisition). With large-scale climatic changes already underway, our observations provide insight into how diatoms respond to the dynamic ice conditions of today and shed light on how they will fare in a climatically altered tomorrow., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Microbial Ecology.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. eDNA-based detection reveals invasion risks of a biofouling bivalve in the world's largest water diversion project.

Author: Xia Z, Gu J, Wen Y, Cao X, Gao Y, Li S, Haffner GD, MacIsaac HJ, and Zhan A
Subjects: Animals, Water, Ecosystem, DNA, Environmental genetics, Biofouling, Bivalvia genetics
Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) has increasingly been used to detect rare species (e.g., newly introduced nonindigenous species) in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, often with distinct advantages over traditional methods. However, whether water eDNA signals can be used to inform invasion risks remains debatable owing to inherent uncertainties associated with the methods used and the varying conditions among study systems. Here, we sampled eDNA from canals of the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (hereafter SNWDP) in China to investigate eDNA distribution and efficacy to inform invasion risks in a unique lotic system. We first conducted a total of 16 monthly surveys in this system (two sites in the source reservoir and four sites in the main canal) to test if eDNA could be applied to detect an invasive, biofouling bivalve, the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei. Second, we initiated a one-time survey in a sub-canal of the SNWDP using refined sampling (12 sites in ~22 km canal) and considered a few environmental predictors. We found that detection of target eDNA in the main canal was achieved up to 1100 km from the putative source population but was restricted to the warmer months (May-November). Detection probability exhibited a significant positive relationship with average daily minimum air temperature and with water temperature, consistent with the expected spawning season. eDNA concentration in the main canal generally fluctuated across months and sites and was generally higher in warmer months. Golden mussel eDNA concentration in the sub-canal decreased significantly with distance from the source and with increasing water temperature and became almost undetectable at ~22 km distance. Given the enormity of the SNWDP, golden mussels may eventually expand their distribution in the main canal, with established "bridgehead" populations facilitating further spread. Our findings suggest an elevated invasion risk of golden mussels in the SNWDP in warm months, highlighting the critical period for spread and, possibly, management., (© 2023 The Ecological Society of America.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. The role of agricultural drainage, storm-events, and natural filtration on the biogeochemical cycling capacity of aquatic and sediment environments in Lake Erie's drainage basin.

Author: Knorr S, Weisener CG, and Phillips LA
Subjects: Agriculture, Phosphorus analysis, Soil, Nitrogen analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Lakes, Water Quality
Abstract: Lake Erie is the most at risk of the Great Lakes for degraded water quality due to non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities in the lake's watershed. The extent and temporal patterns of nutrient loading from these agricultural activities is influenced by the timing of agronomic events, precipitation events, and water flow through areas of natural filtration within the watershed. Downstream impacts of these nutrient loading events may be moderated by the co-loading of functionally relevant biogeochemical cycling microbial communities from agricultural soils. This study quantified loading patterns of these communities from tile drain sources, assessed whether functional communities from agricultural sources influenced downstream microbial functionality, and investigated how distance from agricultural sources, storm events, and areas of natural filtration altered nutrient cycling and nutrient fluxes in aquatic and sediment environments. Water and sediment samples were collected in the Wigle Creek watershed in Ontario, from tile drains through to Lake Erie, from May to November 2021, and microbial nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) cycling capacity (quantitative PCR), and nutrient levels were evaluated. Results showed that N and P functional groups were co-loaded with nutrients, with increased loading occurring during storm events and during agricultural activities including fertilization and harvest. Overall functional capacity in the aquatic environment decreased with distance from the agricultural sources and as water transited through natural filtration areas. In contrast, the sediment environment was more resilient to both agricultural disturbances and abiotic factors. This study expands our understanding of when and where different stages of N and P cycling occurs in agriculturally impacted watersheds, and identifies both seasons and regions to target with nutrient mitigation strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Crown Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Editorial: Ecology and molecular biology of bloom-forming cyanobacteria.

Author: Bullerjahn GS, McKay RML, and Visser PM
Abstract: Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

485 results on '"Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources