Search

The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of transforming housing according to the contemporary needs of users in the conditions when the user is known. The methodological work starts from the thesis that housing is one of the demonstrative elements of everyday cultural patterns of a wider culture, a form of everyday behaviors but also that in daily routines of the known user lies the key for the design development direction. Agent(user) based analysis enables architecture to become a real service-not because it gives what is expected of it, but because in order to give what is expected of it, it previously studies a system of possible expectations, and then researches the possibilities of their realization, their understanding and acceptability. The paper will show the development of the concept of an ongoing design that will be realized and will discuss formal-functional preferences based on the space use analysis and the residents' habits enhanced by a moderate method of designing as the chosen methodological direction. The contribution of this paper can be seen in the demonstration of the designing process by interpreting ideas, making designing decisions grounded on facts and compromises as standard forms of behavior in procedures of practical action. In a wider sense the contribution of this paper is in demonstrating the need towards a programmatic questioning of strict differentiation's of housing spaces that were brought into question with the modern lifestyle.

Cotoneaster multiflorus is a large deciduous, ornamental shrub, suitable for landscape use. It has long arching branches and very abundant white flowers followed by scarlet-red fruit. It is low-demanding species which can grow on clay soils. As a drought tolerant species, it has potential to withstand the effect of climate change. Generative propagation of this species is difficult due to its combined embryo and seed coat dormancy. For that reason, the aim of this study was to establish quick and effective method for generative propagation of selected elite genotypes of C. multiflorus that are growing in the Belgrade area. The seeds were collected in a public green spaces in the park in Petlovo brdo, Belgrade, and after maceration, the effect of different treatments was examined. These treatments included soaking seeds in sulfuric acid at 96 % for 60 or 90 minutes, 5 months of cold stratification at 3-5oS in perlite or without substrate (naked stratification), and combinations of these treat­ments. The obtained results showed that C. multiflorus requires the combination of sulfuric acid pre­treatment and a cold stratification in perlite for germination. The seeds treated with sulfuric acid followed by 5 months of naked stratification didn’t germinate. The length of sulfuric acid treatment also influenced germination rate and better results were achieved with seeds that were soaked for 90 minutes in sulfuric acid compred to 60 minutes treatment. However, the maximum germination percentage obtained in this research did not exceed 40%, real ger­mination rate was 59%. It is necessary to perform additional research in order to improve germination.

Chinese catalpa is a medicinal and ornamental, low demanding tree which tolerates urban pollution, drought and poor soils. It should be planted more often in Serbia, and gen­erative propagation is the most suitable method for mass production of this species. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of red and far-red light on Catalpa ovata seed germination, as well as the influence of seed storage length on germination. The seeds were collected in 2003 and 2007 from the same tree, stored for one and five years and exposed to red light (R) or far-red light (FR) before seed germination tests. After one year of storage, seed germination was high (74-82%) in a control treatment (white light conditions, 16h light and 8h dark), and the seeds did not germinate in dark conditions. Red light and a combination of red light and far red light treatments induced germination, but the obtained values varied (7 - 66%) depending on the year of seed harvesting. The seeds collected in 2003 had a higher germination percentage (51.0%) compared to the germination of seeds collected in 2007 (up to 14%) after red light treatment. The time of exposure to red light pulse (10, 15, 20 or 30 min) did not considerably affect germination rate. After 5 years of storage, germination percentage was considerably lower, reaching only 30% in white light conditions. The results obtained in this research confirmed that C. ovata seeds are photoblastic and can be stored for one year preserving a high germination rate.

The paper analyzes the levels of magnetic flux density in the apartment located above the 10/0.4 kV distribution transformer station. During the first magnetic field testing, it was concluded that in the case of the rated load of the transformers, increased values of magnetic flux density would occur in the apartment. The main sources of magnetic field in the apartment were the busbars and cable lines connecting the transformers and the 0.4 kV distribution cabinets. For that reason it is proposed to apply measures to reduce the levels of magnetic flux density, which are described in detail in the paper. After implementing the proposed measures, magnetic field testing in the apartment was repeated. The paper presents magnetic field testing results before and after the application of the measures and gives a conclusion regarding the effectiveness of the applied measures as well as regarding the compliance of the levels of magnetic flux density with the exposure limit prescribed by the current national regulations.

The paper analyses the neutrality of taxation of investment projects on the example of Serbia. The aim of the research is to confirm/reject the existence of uniformity of the tax burden on investment projects that differ regarding the asset type, industry and the source of finance. The uniformity of tax burden, that is, the absence of discrimination and distortive effects of taxation, may be considered a confirmation of the tax neutrality. To investigate neutrality of taxation the analysis employed King-Fullerton framework of calculating effective marginal tax rates. The research results show that the tax treatment of investment projects in Serbia is nondiscriminatory. Marginal effective tax rates for different types of investment projects do not vary widely; that is, there are no investment projects that have a markedly favourable (unfavourable) tax treatment compared to the other types of investment projects.

The main goal of the research in this paper is to, starting from the role that financial system has in operating of every market economy, analyze the strengths and failures of a bank-based and market-based financial system when performing basic economic functions. In order to achieve the defined goal, a qualitative research was conducted. In this sense, an innovative interpretation of the relevant scientific literature was made using descriptive and comparative analysis methods. The paper examines four approaches that represent a critical analysis of the role and importance of banks and the securities market - bankbased, market-based, financial services and legal-based approach. Emphasizing the positive role of banks, the bank-based approach highlights the comparative failures of the securities market. On the other hand, the market-based view highlights the advantages of the securities market, while at the same time emphasizing the failures of banks in performing their basic functions. However, the focus of a financial services approach is not the debate over whether a better financial system is based on banks or the securities market, but the extent, quality and availability of financial services is important. Finally, the legal-based approach, which represents addition to the financial services approach, emphasizes compliance with the provisions of financial contracts and the protection of the rights of participants in financial transactions. Accordingly, the key research findings relate to identifying assumptions that contribute to the better functioning of the financial system and to pointing out that the functional compatibility of banks and securities markets contributes to their complementarity and more efficient transfer of funds from savings towards investment entities.

The question of the status of architecture in the set relation, is always modern due to its basic feature - utility, pragmatism. Architecture, between its two elementary components of art and engineering creates a wide, though none concluded entity in whose context new meanings and interpretations are constituted. Methodologically, the paper is envisioned as a polyphone discussion regarding most frequent questions that the authors of this paper come across as lecturers. Its goal is to unlock potential context and open subjects for wider discussions. Each of the authors has seen the subject from a theoretical context in which they act. As the practices, the contexts are very different to each other.

The subject matter of the research study conducted in this paper is the interactive relationship between banks' credit activity and economic growth. In connection with that, the paper is aimed at examining the existence and direction of the cause and effect relationship between the credit activity of the banking sector and the overall economic activity in the Republic of Serbia. The quarterly data related to the period from 2003 to 2019 were collected for the purposes of the research. The share of the loans granted to enterprises in the GDP and the share of the loans granted to households in the GDP are used as the indicators of the credit activity in the study, whereas the real GDP growth rate is determined as the indicator of economic growth. Given the fact that the observed time series are of the different order of integration, the analysis is conducted within the VAR model by applying the Toda-Yamamoto procedure of the Granger causality test. The results of the research show a significant unidirectional causal relationship according to Granger, which starts from the direction of banks' credit activity towards economic growth. The results of the conducted research study can be useful to the makers of the economic policy and the creators of a strategy for the development of the national economy.

During the past twenty years, the need to reach theMoon by the private space missions has been growing. Some of the private missions are supported by Google Lunar X-prize and Space-X. In the period between 2020 and 2050 private companies will be planning landing to the Moon with their own capacity. These missions can send new geodesy and cartography data. Lunar topography modelling with new satellite and remote sensing data gives plenty of possibilities for its exploration. GIS (Geographical Information System) may be successfully to the Moon topography analysis. According to the results after GIS numerical analysis 30% of the territory of the Moon showed excellent characteristics for landing. The most useful parts of the Moon for potential landing belong to the altitude between 2,000 and 3,000 m and on the plateaus with the north-east direction of azimuth. These plateaus have an excellent inclination of 3° and azimuth of 120°. The main aim and goal of this investigation would be in better understanding of Moon topography and relief. With help of GIS numerical methods, the astronomical geodesy may be applied in better way. A potential mission to the Moon can use this topography investigation, presented maps and results.

Architectural designing is a complicated process. Oftentimes, architects, in an attempt to explain designing steps and decisions, give answers that are not a true description of their actions, often mentioning pure feeling or intuition. What can be explicitly discussed by the designers, is the least important part of the design process. What is withheld represents a methodology of designing. This paper aims to demystify the process of architectural designing through a vision on teaching and approaching designing to students that are coming into contact with it for the first time. Through a careful analysis of contemporary literature and by incorporating exact results, a methodological line of teaching designing has been tested.

The financial system is one of the most important segments of every market economy. The complexity of functioning of the financial system and the importance that it has for real business flows in the economy requires consideration of numerous factors that determine its development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the key determinants of the development of the financial system and point to their positive and/or negative effects on the performance of the financial system. Paying respect to the complexity of the stated problem, the qualitative methodology is applied, based on the dominant application of the method of analytical description. The results of the research suggest that among the most influential factors determining the development of the financial system are: political and macroeconomic environment, financial repression and liberalization, legal traditions, financial regulation and supervision and ownership structure of financial institutions.

The topic of the paper is related to the ongoing issue of exposure of the general public to high frequency electromagnetic field in the environment. The results of testings carried out in the areas of increased sensitivity located in the vicinity of base stations and radio and TV transmitters are shown in this paper. The obtained results are analyzed and compared to reference levels prescribed by the national legislation referring to the protection of the general public from nonionizing radiation.

Seeds of sweet acacia (Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.) were mechanically scarified and treated with concentrated sulfuric acid in order to determine the permeability degree of the seed coat. The obtained results suggest a stronger form of seed coat dormancy that prevents potential invasiveness after introduction. The species is recommended for limited cultivation in outdoor conditions and unlimited use in interior spaces as full size or bonsai trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of the paper is related to the ongoing issue of human exposure to stray electric and magnetic fields. On the example of a 400/110 kV substation a detailed presentation of power frequency electric and magnetic field testing is provided. The obtained results are analyzed and compared with reference levels prescribed by the national legislation referring to the protection of the general public from non-ionizing radiation.

Dianthus giganteiformis subsp. kladovanus is an endemic, endangered, horticulturally appealing perennial plant that can be used for the revegetation of sand dunes of the Danube region. The appropriate method for its effective production is micropropagation. For this reason, the experiments were conducted in order to establish an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of this subspecies. The sterile culture was initiated from seeds collected in situ and the germination percentage was high (88%). According to the results obtained in this study, the multiplication phase should be performed on an MS medium enriched with 0.1 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The concentration of MS salts significantly influenced rooting, and higher rooting percentages were obtained on reduced MS media (91.7 - 95%) than on MS media (73.4 - 76.7%). The addition of NAA slightly increased rooting percentage (up to 95%). Obtained microplants were successfully acclimatized (83.3%) in a substrate composed of peat and sand (1: 1; v/v). Using the protocol presented in this paper, the efficient propagation of D. giganteiformis spp. kladovanus can be achieved for rapid plant production aimed at revegetation, biodiversity protection and floricultural production of this species. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 43007]

nema