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Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed profound challenges for pregnant patients and their families. Studies conducted early in the pandemic found that pregnant individuals reported increased mental health concerns in response to pandemic-related stress. Many obstetric practices changed their healthcare delivery models, further impacting the experiences of pregnant patients. We conducted a survey study to explore the ways in which COVID-19 impacted the lives of pregnant and newly postpartum people. Methods A mixed-methods survey was distributed to all patients ≥18 years old who were pregnant between January 1st, 2020 – April 28, 2021 in a large Midwest health system. Open-ended survey responses were analyzed for common themes using standard qualitative methodology. Results Among the 1182 survey respondents, 647 women provided an open-ended response. Of these, 77% were in the postpartum period. The majority of respondents identified as white, were partnered or married, and owned their own home. Respondents reported feeling greater uncertainty, social isolation, as though they had limited social and practical support, and negative mental health effects as a result of the pandemic. Many cited sudden or arbitrary changes to their medical care as a contributing factor. Though in the minority, some respondents also reported benefits from the changes to daily life, including perceived improvements to medical care, better work-life balance, and opportunities for new perspectives. Conclusions This large qualitative dataset provides insight into how healthcare policy and lifestyle changes impacted pregnant and postpartum people. Respondents expressed similar levels of uncertainty and mental health concerns compared to other cohorts but less overall positivity. Our findings suggest greater attention be given to the impact of pandemic-related stress on pregnant and postpartum women. As the pandemic continues, these data identify areas where investment in additional support may have the greatest impact.

Background: Although congenital syphilis usually occurs as a result of a failure to detect and treat syphilis in pregnant women, failures of the currently recommended regimen to prevent congenital syphilis have been reported.

Background/aims To report the incidence and clinical characteristics of paediatric keratitis diagnosed over a 10-year period in a well-defined population. Design Retrospective, population-based study. Methods Setting: multicentre. Population: patients (<19 years) diagnosed with keratitis as residents of Olmsted County from 1 January 2000, through 31 December 2009. Main outcome measures: calculated annual age-specific and gender-specific incidence rates, demographic information and initial and final visual acuity. Results A total of 294 diagnoses of keratitis occurred in 285 children during the 10-year period, yielding an incidence of 78.0 per 100 000 younger than 19 years (95% CI 69.0 to 87.1) or approximately 1 in 1282 children. The incidence increased throughout the 10-year study period (p<0.001). The mean age at diagnosis was 15.3 years (range, 0.2-18.9) and 172 (60.4%) were women. The observed forms included keratitis due to contact lens wear in 134 (45.6%), infectious keratitis in 72 (24.5%), keratitis not otherwise specified in 65 (22.1%) and keratitis sicca in 23 (7.8%). The visual acuity was reduced to ≤20/40 in 61 (21.4) of the 285 patients at the initial examination and in 24 (8.4%) at the final examination. Children with infectious keratitis had the poorest presenting vision and the best final vision, whereas the reverse was true for those with keratitis sicca. Conclusions Keratitis, regardless of aetiology, was observed in approximately 1 in 1300 children by 19 years of age in this population-based cohort. Nearly half were related to contact lens wear and a decrease in vision to ≤ 20/40 occurred in 1 in 12 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose Infarcts in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients may continue to grow even after reperfusion, due to mechanisms such as microvascular obstruction and reperfusion injury. We investigated whether and how much infarcts grow in AIS patients after near-complete (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [eTICI] 2c/3) reperfusion following endovascular treatment (EVT), and to assess the association of post-reperfusion infarct growth with clinical outcomes. Methods Data are from a single-center retrospective observational cohort study that included AIS patients undergoing EVT with near-complete reperfusion who received diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 2 hours post-EVT and 24 hours after EVT. Association of infarct growth between 2 and 24 hours post-EVT and 24-hour National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as well as 90-day modified Rankin Scale score was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Ninety-four of 155 (60.6%) patients achieved eTICI 2c/3 and were included in the analysis. Eighty of these 94 (85.1%) patients showed infarct growth between 2 and 24 hours post-reperfusion. Infarct growth ≥5 mL was seen in 39/94 (41.5%) patients, and infarct growth ≥10 mL was seen in 20/94 (21.3%) patients. Median infarct growth between 2 and 24 hours post-reperfusion was 4.5 mL (interquartile range: 0.4–9.2 mL). Post-reperfusion infarct growth was associated with the 24-hour NIHSS in multivariable analysis (odds ratio: 1.16 [95% confidence interval 1.09–1.24], P

The purpose of this paper is to critique the manner in which history about American Indians has been written and propose a rationale for the rethinking of what we know about this subject. In particular, histories of education as regards the participation of American Indians is a subject that has been given scant attention over the years and when it has been discussed, it usually is in the context of how Europeans sent Christian missionaries amongst tribes and imposed Christianity by teaching them to read the bible. The problems raised by contemporary approaches to the educating and schooling of American Indian children, including calls for an indigenous pedagogy, add to the urgency of renewed research in this area.

Payne et al. (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 66: 869-872, 2009) raised several points concerning the handling and interpretation of data that went into an analysis of the population dynamics of Georges Bank haddock that suggested a relationship between the fall phytoplankton bloom and recruitment (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65: 1076-1086, 2008). Their main points were the manner in which logarithmic transforms were applied, whether the 2003 year class was truly as large as estimated in a 2006 assessment, and if correlation analyses of zooplankton data should be reconsidered. The reply to these comments was aided by a new assessment which provided additional years of data and improved the quality of the recruitment time series. The reply analyses showed that the relationships were robust to the way the logarithmic transform was applied, the initial estimates of the size of the 2003 year class were correct, and relationships between recruitment and spring zooplankton biomass levels remain statistically insignificant. From these new analyses, the interpretations and conclusions reached in the original paper remain the same; the fall bloom has emerged as a candidate explanatory variable for the stock independent variation in haddock recruitment on Georges Bank. Payne et al. (J. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 66: 869-872, 2009) ont souleve plusieurs questions concernant la manipulation et l'interpretation des donnees utilisees dans une analyse de la dynamique de population des aiglefins du banc Georges qui a propose l'existence d'une relation entre la floraison automnale de phytoplancton et le recrutement (J. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 65: 1076-1086, 2008). Leurs interrogations principales portaient sur la facon dont les transformations logarithmiques ont ete faites, sur la classe annuelle de 2003 a savoir si elle etait vraiment aussi importante que l'indique une evaluation de 2006, ainsi que sur la pertinence de revoir les analyses de correlation des donnees de zooplancton. Notre replique a ces commentaires a ete facilitee par une nouvelle evaluation qui a ajoute des annees supplementaires de donnees et ameliore la qualite de la serie chronologique de donnees de recrutement. Les analyses faites pour notre replique montrent que les relations sont robustes en regard de la facon dont les transformations logarithmiques ont ete realisees, que les evaluations initiales de la taille de la classe annuelle de 2003 sont exactes et que les relations entre le recrutement et les niveaux de biomasse printaniere du zooplancton demeurent statistiquement non significatives. Suite a ces nouvelles analyses, les interpretations et les conclusions de l'article original restent les memes; la floraison automne ressort comme variable explicative de choix de la variation independante du stock dans le recrutement des aiglefins sur le banc Georges. [Traduit par la Redaction], In their comment on 'Does the fall phytoplankton bloom control recruitment of Georges Bank haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, through parental condition?', Payne et al. (2009) raise a number of points concerning [...]

Abstract: In 2003, the Georges Bank stock of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) experienced the largest recruitment event recorded during its assessed history. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain recruitment variability [...]